In the Fundament of Winter, many car owners began to think about how to prepare their vehicle to it. Basically, all such preparations are reduced to a banal replacement of rubber, oil, battery (or recharging) and other cosmetic events. However, few people decide to approach this issue more thoroughly, and in vain ... After all, if, for example, the engine engine will not start because of a strong frost, new tires And the battery will not help you leave the parking lot or poorly insulated garage.
Given this fact, it is not at all superfluous to pay attention to such a device as preheater The engine, since in any weather and under any circumstances it is it can provide quick, and the main trouble-free start of the motor. Of course, it is best to purchase a similar device in the finished form, as they say "from the manufacturer", but if you wish and the presence of skillful hands, you can make it alone, let it sound a little unreal. In any case, the main thing is to delve into the details of the work and deal with all possible nuances, and then - the case of technology, would be instruction. Just about this we will talk to you today, but for a start a little theory ...
1. Cured path: Soldering lamps - modern electric preheater
As you know: "All new is a long-forgotten old", although I personally would have changed a little this statement and instead of the word "forgotten" would use the concept of "improved". But it is so it is, many modern devices have very interesting story of its development. To which our ancestors were not thought of: an iron iron on coals, the first car resembling a cart with a motor, etc. In this regard, it did not exception and the aforementioned preheater And if you turn to the story, you can detect many interesting factsassociated with this device. For example, whether you know that the "Praded" of modern designs is the most common soldering lamp, an alternative to which (at that time), was except that no less known kerosene (the so-called "kerosekin"). It is their grandfathers and great-grandfathers that were so deftly used in many areas of their livelihoods.
Of course, those functions and opportunities that have named devices possessed cannot be compared with powerful functional characteristics and numerous advantages of modern equipment, but with their task they still coped and since this was more or less enough, it means you need to give them a well-deserved place in history . Modern engine preheater, in our time, is used to facilitate the launch of the motor under conditions of low temperatures, and in some cases, also to warm the air in the car.
Regardless of the type and model, all heaters perform approximately the same functions, responsible for heating and maintaining the coolant temperature of the vehicle (antifreeze or antifreeze) in the desired range. In addition, the device described allows to significantly reduce the fuel consumption, because the engine mandatory warming is much less time. But the most important advantage of using is more quality protection Motor block resources, respectively, increases its life.
If you disassemble the types and possible varieties of heaters in more detail, it is worth noting that absolutely all devices are classified using a certain, single schema. Based on what, the following main models are distinguished:
- gas heaters;
Devices using liquid fuels;
Heaters, the nutrition of which occurs exclusively from the external source.
Concerning last species, it is to him and the electric preheater of the engine considered today.
2. The principle of operation of the electrical preheater
Electric type heaters include non-autonomous devices, even for their operation, it is necessary to supply networks (220 V). Now we will understand in more detail in the principle of their work, but to start a little interesting facts.
Did you know? The first inventor of the motor heater is considered to be Endrew Freimen (Andrew Freeman), which in 1949 received a patent for a coolant heater capable of screwing into place of one of the cylinder bolts. IN modern world, Electric type heaters are widespread in the northern countries of different states (Russia, USA, Scandinavia, Canada's cities), since it is here that there is a sharp need. Moreover, automakers of these regions include them to a standard package of manufactured cars, and the outlets needed to connect devices can be found on many multi-storey parking lots and car parkings.
The existing electrical heaters today are a whole system that consists of several important parts. These include:
- the electronic unit control having a built-in timer; Battery Battery Requal Body;
Located in a hermetic heat exchanger, the heating element with a capacity of 500-5000 W (installed in the process opening of the cooling shirt, or it is connected to it using nozzles);
Fan heating for heating salon.
In some models, in addition to the elements listed, there is still a built-in pump, the main task of which is fast and uniform engine warming up.
The standard electrical heater is represented as a spiral device, which is inserted into the motor cylinder block and operates from the external power grid of 220 V. in the role of the main executive element, there is a small electric spiral. In the course of its installation in the block of cylinders, the anti-low plug is removed from it, and the named item is installed on its place. When through a spiral, under the action of high voltage passes the current, it begins to heat the coolant (). The circulation of fluid in the system, passes due to natural convection, although it is less productive than artificial movement using a pump (also spend more time). The most famous representatives preheatingtele of this type there are models Defa Warmup.
If you store your vehicle in the garage or in the parking lot equipped with electrical sockets, the use of such a device will be as if it is impossible, otherwise it is impossible to apply it (when parking under the windows at home, you just have nowhere to connect the heater, which means that it does not will be). Also, a minus use is strong "voraciousness", and the electricity is not cheap today. It would seem that manufacturers have provided this drawback and completed the heater with a special timer, allowing you to install the required fluid temperature (when crossing the installed face, the spiral is turned off or turns on), but in practice it could not fully solve the problem.
The standard Options of the engine electrical heater include:
- charge battery;
Heat working fluid;
Heating of the cabin by supplying thermal air through the stove.
In general, the operating principle of the electrical preheater of the engine is the same as in the autonomous system - also, through the heating of the coolant, heat transmission is carried out by the power unit. The main difference lies in the method of heating (using an electrical power source), which makes it possible to apply an additional function - charging the battery, and in winterwhen low temperatures Protect fast discharge, it is not possible by the way.
3. Engine preheater with your own hands
If the preheater of the motor is not included in stable complete set Car, but you would like to have a similar device - there is nothing impossible. The easiest option is to go to the auto parts store and choose a suitable model (there should be many problems with the installation, especially since the appropriate instruction should be attached to the device). However, there is another path that provides for the independent manufacture of the desired device. The time will leave more, but having done everything with your own hands, you can be confident as a finished product, plus save some money.
And so what to create an electric preheater, you will need simple materials that are "in the farm" from any car owner, this is:
- Incandescent helix (called by Tan), is suitable even from some old kettle;
Metal tank;
Fitting (sold, probably in every plumbing store);
Distribution box (can be found in the electrician store).
Now, armed with elementary knowledge from the field of electricians, mount the device, which should provide high-quality preheating power aggregate, Fuel economy and maintaining the engine functionality for a longer service life. Getting started directly to action, it is necessary to understand that the task is not distinguished by simplicity, which means the whole process (both manufacturing and installation) is likely to be accompanied by some difficulties and specific nuances.
Compared to factory (factory) products made by hand, it will not be clearly and perfectly placed in motor compartmentSo all measurements must be carried out with an accuracy of a centimeter. However, it is not worth regarding the specified possibility as an irresistible obstacle, especially if there is a lift or observation pit in the garage. If they are not (which is rare, but happens), then, most likely, you will not be able to independently place all the necessary wires and electrical equipmentSince the space under the car will be limited and climb hard. Also, I want to warn about the risk of making a homemade heater, because one incorrect movement and can be obtained serious problems with the engine.
4. Installation of electrical engine preheating
Suppose you have a ready-made (purchased) set of an electrical preheater and you decided to install it yourself. In this case, at the initial stage, you need to evaluate the space existing under the hood and decide where the device will be mounted. It may be a place under, metal parts of the tunnels or a place next to expansion Bachkom cooling system. The last option is more relevant in the case of an installation on an SUV, which often moves through the swampy terrain. Also, do not forget to check the prepared harness with wires, because its length may not be enough to combine all the nodes.
Now, with regard to the control panel. When installing the "commander" in the car, it is necessary to immediately determine the free space on dashboardwhere it will be possible to derive control elements (perhaps even, you will have to disassemble some part of it). The boilers for heating fluid are installed only on a reliable base, with a circle of them there should also be enough space, because all the wires must be placed in a free order and as far as possible from moving mechanisms.
Well, when preparatory stage Passed, consider the entire installation procedure in step by step mode:
1. The main part of the electrical preheater is fixed to the place selected in advance;
2. Then it is worth checking the quality of the installation fastening, if necessary, you can use special brackets;
3. Next, the installation of the fuel plate is made (or enters the purchased kit, or is purchased separately). Installation sites - Points of connecting filters and fuel hoses, and a procedure is performed using a tee;
4. After that, the electrical system of the heater is connected: power supply is supplied to the device, and turn on / off control is displayed into the cabin;
5. Now the device can be connected to the cooling system (notice: after the procedure is performed, it will have to top 1 liter of fluid to the system);
6. We visually check all the connections of the system, they must be durable and reliable;
7. The last step is to check the preheater operation: run the engine and observe the result.
The most difficult part of the entire process of self-installation, there is work with electricity, but even if you have to seek help to the electrician, the installation of the heater will still be cheaper than the service center service. Another, not less an important point Installations, is an exhaust from the device system. Since the poppy air flow has a high temperature, it is necessary to avoid the possibility of its hoses and hoses placed under the hood. The optimal solution for the solution of this problem is the direction of exhaust to the engine crankcase, which will also lead to an additional oil warming.
Now imagine the following: You have fulfilled all instructions of the instructions that came with the instructions, all as needed to be connected, and the electrical heater does not work, what to do? Naturally, with an independent installation of the device, the warranty is lost on it, which means that problems will have to be dealt with on their own or contact specialists, but not for free advice.
In any case, it would be more correct to check the performance of the preheater before installation on the vehicle, suddenly he is already in a non-working condition, but ... if he knew where you fall, the mattress would be forced. However, there are cases when everything worked before the installation, and after it the activities stopped. There are several main reasons for this phenomenon: Most likely, during installation, the connection of the device to the car's power grid was confused or the heater itself is damaged; It is also possible that the system simply does not receive fuel and it is necessary to connect to another way.
If independent attempts to eliminate these reasons were not crowned with success, you will have to seek help from specialists. There you can get more solid answers to all your questions and quickly eliminate the problem.
Some car owners connect the heater to, but for this you have to overpass contacts in its block, which requires special skills in electrical engineering. Therefore, if such a thought comes to your mind - think twice, whether it is worth doing it. In general, we described only the general moments on the installation of an electrical preheater, and all the subtleties and nuances of this process, you can find out with the instructions or with a specific manual for installing a particular device brand.
Many manufacturers of foreign cars, orienting the sale of their cars on russian market, offer models with installed autonomous preheater engine and interior. This option is especially valuable in the regions with a long winter season. It is not necessary to defeat those motorists who, who do not have machines are not equipped with the engine's factory preheater. Buy it and establish on any brand of the car currently does not represent problems in any region of the country. The question is more important here about how effective is the equipment and whether it is worth the costs that are necessary for its acquisition and installation.
For this, the engine preheater is needed in winter
What does the preheater consist of and what
Depending on the purpose and principle of operation, the preheater may be a device of various dimensions and power used to heat the engine without its cold start. In addition, it can be used to heat the cabin, windshield and janitors. Offline equipment includes a boiler with a combustion chamber and a radiator, a pipeline system for transmitting fuel, pumps that swing fuel and coolant. It also includes a thermoster, controlling the climate-system fan, an electronic control unit and a device for starting the heater.
Liquid Preheater Thermo Top
Types of automotive preheaters
1. Autonomous engine preheater
For purpose and device Autonomous Preheaters divided into liquid and air types.
Autonomous Liquid Preheaters
Video: Webasto or Hydronic (Webasto or Hydronic) What is better
Designed for heating both the engine and the cabin. They are called so because they work through the burning of gasoline or diesel fuel from the car's tank. They are mounted in the engine compartment and connect to the liquid cooling system of the motor. Heated air applies to internal car ducts. The system is economical on fuel and electricity consumption, during operation does not produce strong noise. Used to heat all types of engines internal combustion - gasoline, diesel, gas-balloon and combined.
Autonomous airborne prehea heaters
Designed for an accelerated increase in air temperature only in the cabin. They are installed in the car's cabin and are used mainly in passenger minibuses, wrappers and kungahs, freight "long-range" machines. They can heat the air in the cabin to a predetermined temperature. Also working silently and consume some electricity. Unlike liquid devices, air devices have large dimensions and performance, so the fuel consumption is somewhat higher. The most popular in the country such brands of German production heaters like Webasto Thermo Top Evo 5 and Eberspasher Hydronic.
The principle of operation of the liquid preheater engine
This works autonomous liquid engine heater
The device is turned on to work from a remote control, timer or cell phone. Startup pulse, falling onto an electronic unit, produces a control signal that feeds the supply voltage to the actuator engine. Motor, rotating, moves fuel pump Heater and fan. The pump begins to swing fuel in the burner, where the fuel-air mixture is created using the evaporator and the stubble pin.
The combustible mixture is injected with a fan flammable in the combustion chamber spark candle ignition. The heat formed during the combustion of fuel, through the heat exchanger is transmitted to the working fluid of the engine cooling system. The liquid circulates in the cooling circuit under the action of the puming pump of the preheater included in this circuit. The heated liquid in the circulation process transmits the engine the heated housing.
When the coolant temperature is reached, 30 degrees with automatically triggered the car cooling radiator fan. Begins to enter the salon. When the toosol or antifreeze is heated to 72 degrees with a reduction in fuel supply to the burner half, and the system goes to a reduced operation mode. The liquid is cooled to 56 degrees and the entire process is cyclically repeated.
By design, the liquid autonomous engine preheater is similar to the cabin automotive heater and is a burner on liquid fuel (gasoline or diesel engine). Even in terms of cost, they differ slightly, not to mention the principle of work. However, at the place of installation and the principle of heating, they are fundamentally different.
In heaters, the burner heats directly the air supplied to the car's salon, and in the preheater, it warms the coolant, which, in turn heats the engine and the standard stove. In order to effectively work the heating of the cabin, it is not necessary to forget the installation of the handle of the stove control on the minimum mode "heat". In this case, the control circuit of the heater at the desired moment will automatically turn on the fan, pumping the warm air into the cabin on the standard air duct system. The result of this work will be noticeable from published, the car's windows in the frost morning will be dry and transparent. In the cockpit, it will be warm and cozy, the wipers can not be removed overnight, it is possible to sit down and immediately go to the road.
A convenient function is remote control of the operation of the pre-heater of the internal combustion engine. It can be enabled using the key on the keychain with the keys from the machine while at home. It is necessary to do this at least half an hour before departure (depending on the frost on the street) so that the cooling fluid and the motor do to warm up to the desired temperature, and the engine start process has passed without complications. There are systems S. automatic start From the built-in timer, which is necessary before locking the machine to set the desired inclusion time.
2. Electric Preheater HEAT
Device and diagram of the electric heater engine
An alternative to the autonomous system is an electric heater, which is a spiral electric heater inserted into a power unit cylinder block and operating from an external power supply 220V. The executive element in this system is a small electrical spiral, installed in the cylinder block.
From the block of cylinders when installing the spiral, the silt-made plug is removed, the helix instead and is mounted. Under the action of high voltage through the spiral flows, and it heats the antifreeze. The circulation of fluid in the cooling system is due to the natural convection. It is less productive than with the artificial handling of the pump, and takes a much longer time. The most vivid representatives of the electric heater are the Defa Warmup models and the Severste leader.
The most acceptable is this installation when parking cars in garages and parking, equipped with electrical outlets. If you leave the car on the street or in the courtyard, then you will not need such a heater, as there will be no place to connect it. The disadvantage is that it consumes a lot of electricity. To ensure economical operation of the device, it is equipped with a timer that allows you to establish the required fluid temperature.
When you go to the installed, the helix is \u200b\u200bautomatically turned off or turns on to work. Accordingly, it occurs cooling or heating the working fluid, which in the process of convection supports the motor in warm condition. The standard options of the motor electrical heater are:
- heating the working fluid in the cooling system of the motor;
- salon heating at the expense of filing warm air through a regular stove;
- battery charge.
The principle of heating the motor in the electrical heater is the same as in the autonomous system. Heat transmission is also carried out by heating the working fluid in the cooling system. The difference lies in the method of heating using an external power source. It makes it possible to apply additional option -, which is particularly in demand in winter conditions, when low temperatures contribute to its discharge and decrease in the tank.
3. Thermal batteries
The principle of operation of thermal batteries is based on the accumulation of hot working fluid in the cooling system and preserving its temperature unchanged for a long time (2 days). In such a system, when you start a motor, hot antifreeze or antifreeze performs a short circulation along the abbreviated circuit, quickly warming the engine. Classical representatives of such systems - "AVTOTERM", "GOLFRIM", UOPD-0.8.
What gives the use of preheaters
Professional drivers recognize the presence of an autonomous or electrical preheater of the motor with a prerequisite for the configuration of a modern car that guarantees the necessary healthy working conditions in the winter period of operation. For trucks operated in Europe, this principle has been respected for a long time. From the point of view of security management, their use contributes to the improvement of comfort and reduce the driver's fatigue. Among other things, the heaters contribute to improving the economy and durability of motors. This is achieved at the expense:
Video: Engine Preheater
1. Reducing the number of "cold" engines. It is estimated that on average, each driver produces from 300 to 500 "cold" launches. At the same time, special studies in this area, produced by famous European companies, it was found that in recalculating one "cold" launch, the use of preheating of the motor reduces fuel consumption from 100 to 500 ml. The value of savings depends on the temperature of the outer air and the duration of the heating. Thus, by rough calculations, the use of preheating from autonomous heaters saves for one winter season From 90 to 150 liters of gasoline or diesel fuel.
2. Reducing heavy operation modes that increase engine wear. The overwhelming proportion of the engine wear falls on the period of its launch. This is due to the fact that at the moment of "cold" launch viscosity machine oil Increased and lubricating properties are lowered. At the same time, the friction of the surfaces of moving parts increased and increased wear in connecting rod crank and piston nodes. One "cold" launch reduces the resource of the power unit by 3-6 hundred kilometers of the mileage. Russian climate with 100 days in the year of minus temperatures can give a reduction in the engine resource in one season for 80 thousand km.
3. Enhance security and comfort in driving. The cold contributes to the increased heat transfer and fast fatigue. Driving and lethargy increases, the driver's care is reduced. Driving mode becomes more irrational. In addition, the risk of diseases by such professional diseases as cervical, lumbar osteochondrosis, ORZ is increasing.
What? 90 percent of motorists start the engine, not suspecting that in the end its wear increases, the launch becomes more complicated, outlooking the battery etc. The problem is exacerbated in winter, in cold climates. However, there is a good output from the situation - use the engine preheating, which for real Russian winter is a solid plus in all respects.
Electric heated engine
If earlier heated internal combustion engine, due to the operation of the motor at idle mode, it was considered the only effective option, albeit not devoid of flaws, today it is clearly inferior to a new way. And first of all it concerns by side, negative effects of natural warm-up.
Table of models of electrical heaters
| Block | Pipes | Remote | External |
|---|---|---|---|
| "Defa" or "Calix" - power 0.4-0.75 kW, the price of 4 thousand rubles | "Lester" - power 0.5-0.8 kW, the price is from 1.7 thousand rubles | "Severst-M" - Power 1-3 kW, price from 2 thousand rubles | Flexible heating plate Keenovo 0.25 kW 220V, the price is 3650 rubles. |
| Domestic "Storgery" - power 0.5-0.6 kW, the price is from 1.5 thousand rubles | "Alliance" - power 0.7-0.8 kW, the price of 1 thousand rubles | "Start-M" - Power 1-3 kW, price from 1.9 thousand rubles | "Keenovo" - power of 0.1 kW 12 V, the price is 3610 rubles. |
| Domestic "Start Mini" - Power 0.5-0.6 kW, price from 1 thousand rubles | "Start M1 / \u200b\u200bM2" - power 0.7-0.8 kW, the price is from 1.4 thousand rubles | "Alliance" - power of 1.5-3 kW, the price is from 1.6 thousand rubles | Hotstart AF15024 - Power 0.15 kW 220 V, price - 9700 rubles. |
| DEFA, heaters of the 100th series 0.5-0.65 kW, price of 3.4 thousand rubles | "Siberia M" - power of 0.6 kW, the price of 1 thousand rubles | "Xin Ji" (China) - power of 1.8 kW, the price of 1.5 thousand rubles | "Hotstart" - power 0.25 kW 220 V, the price is 9700 rubles. |
The most democratic in price understanding are electrical preheaters. They are also easy to maintain, and do not apply even in the strongest frost. However, there are a single drawback - a socket in 220 V. is needed Although the external from the company "Keenovo" has a working on the arsenal and a heater on-board network 12 V, but the cost of 3.5 thousand rubles.
Effective heating of the motor is possible only with the help of special devices that affect directly through the circuit of the cooling system. So the experts argue, leading to the proof of many facts.
Block
For our motorists, in terms of democratic price, heaters are suitable, which are embedded in the cylinder block. They are also quite simple in a constructive plan, since only connector and heating element are endowed. Other attachments, fixators and additional components in such a heater are not provided.
Preheater Defa
The heaters of the devices embedded in the BC are not very powerful, 400-750 W is a maximum. They do not give a quick result, and feed from the stationary outlet 220 V / 50 Hz, so it is possible to use the heater mounted into the engine block, perhaps in the garage or throwing the extension near the house. On the other hand, due to the fact that the BC is heated, the engine warms down in the center and evenly.
Advantages of embedded block heaters:
- One of advantages of embedded heaters is an opportunity to work for a long time. because of low power It is not necessary to constantly control them - they will not spoil antifreeze, so you can leave them workable all night or day. If it is still necessary to control the process of heating, at least for household, economical purposes, it is recommended use a regular mechanical timer. It is inexpensive, and in the work of universal. Of the shortcomings - it is buggy in the cold.
- Also should not be noted security use. As a rule, in the kit there is a heat-insulating fabric that does not allow isolation to be installed located near the wires and spread energy into the surrounding space, thus increasing the efficiency of the device.
- Easy installation, By the way, by the way, one of the predominant features of such heater.
Block heater Longfei
Disadvantages There are only two:
For a long time heating and the need for a fixed outlet 220 volt. Since, for example, at ambient air temperature, about 0 ° C, a 600 W heater will warm up the liquid during one hour. If the temperature is -10 ° C, then the time will increase to two hours. And if you buy a budget with a capacity of 0.5 kW, then even longer.
Today, among the numerous models of the budget segment of the embedded heaters, electrical equipment from defi and calix are distinguished. They are complete with a wire and fork no more than 4 thousand rubles.
The system is easily complemented by all sorts of equipment that benefits. For example, you can add a starter timer, a remote control, recharging AKB, a cabin fan heater and much more. However, it will already cost more than 25 thousand rubles, not counting the installation funds.
There are also domestic block heaters, but their use is limited. For vazov engines, the device is suitable for the price of 1.3 thousand rubles. You can buy "Start Mini" equipment for even lower price, which is suitable not only in domestic cars, but also Japanese or Korean, such as Toyota or Hyundai.
We present for you popular models of embedded heaters.
| Model | Description and features | |
|---|---|---|
| "Start Mini" | Voltage 220 V, power 600 W, is installed instead of a technological plug of a block with a flat-diameter of 35 mm. The depth of planting is 11 mm, the height of the housing is 50 mm. The heater is suitable for cars: Toyota with 4a-Fe, 5a-Fe, 7a-Fe, 3s-Fe, 4S-Fe, 5S-Fe, 1G-Fe, 1GR; Hyundai Accent. with engine G4EC -1.5L; Hyundai Elantra XD with G4EC -1.5L and G4ED -1.6L engine; Hyundai Tucson with engine G4GC -2.0L; Hyundai Trajet with G4GC -2.0L engine. | 1300 rubles |
| DEFA, heaters of the 100th series (from 101 to 199) | Power is 0.5 ... 0.65 kW, voltage 220 V, planting diameter 35 mm, weight of 0.27 kg. | 3400 rubles |
| Calix-RE 163 550W | Power - 550 W, voltage - 220 V, suitable for use with Duramax Daihatsu Rocky 2.8d, 2.8 TD / FIAT Argenta 2000ie, 120IE / FIAT CROMA 2.0 Turbodiesel / Fiat Daily Diesel / Fiat Ducato 1.9 D, TD / 1987-1998 / 2.5 Diesel, Turbodiesel / 1995 / Fiat Regatta / Regata Diesel / Fiat Ritmo 130 TC / Diesel / Fiat Tempra 1.9 Turbodiesel / Fiat Tipo 1.9 Diesel, Turbodiesel / Fiat Uno Diesel, Turbodiesel / Ford / New Holland Ford 1900, Hyundai H-100 2.5 D4BA, Iveco Daily 2.8TDI / 2002 / Diesel / Turbodiesel, Mitsubishi Galant 2.3 Turbodiesel / Mitsubishi L200 2.2 Diesel 2WD / 2.5 Diesel 2WD / Mitsubishi L300 2.5 Diesel 2WD /2.5 Diesel 4WD / Mitsubishi Lancer. EVO 9 2.0 16V / 2006- / 4G63, Mitsubishi Lancer EVO VI, EVO VIII 2.0 16V / 4G63. Mitsubishi Pajero. 2.3 Turbodiesel /2.5 Turbodiesel, Seat Malaga 1.7D. | 5000 rubles |
| Calix-Re 167 550W | Power - 550 W, voltage - 220 V, suitable for machines: Matiz 0.8 / A08S, 1.0 / ¤b10s, Spark 1.0 / 2010- / B10D1, 1.2 / 2010- / B12D1, Nissan Monteringssats, 300 ZX / VG30, Almera 2.0 D / 1995- / DA20, Bluebird 1.6 / 1984- / CA16, 1.8 / 1984- / CA18 1.8 TURBO / 1984- / CA18, 2.0 / 1984- / CA20, Cherry 1.0 / 1982- / E10, 1.3 / 1982- / ¤ E13, 1.5, 1.5 Turbo / 1982- / ¤e15, 1.7 Diesel / CD17, Patrol 2.8TD / RD28T, Prairie 1.5 / E15, 1.8 / CA18, 2.0 / CA20, Stanza 1.6 / ¤CA16, 1.8 / CA18, SUNNY 1.3 / 1984- / E13, 1.4 12V / 1989-1991 / 1.5 / 1984- / ¤e15, 1.6 / -1988 / ¤e16, 1.6 12V / 1989-1991 / ¤GA16, 1.6 GTI 16V / ¤CA16, 1.7D / ¤CD17 , 1.8 GTI 16V / CA18, 2.0D / CD20, Suzuki Monteringssats, Alto 1.1 / 2002- / F10d, Toyota Monteringssats Carina 1.8 Diesel / 1c, Corolla Diesel *** / Lite-Ace Diesel / Weidemann Monteringssats T4512CC35 - / 3TNV82A, Volkswagen Monteringssats LT 31D / Perkins, Volvo BM / VCE / VOLVO CE Monteringssatsec 15C - / D1.1, EC18C - / 2010- / D 1.1 EC20C - / 2010- / D1.1, EC27C - / 2010- / D1.6 EC35C - / 2010- / D1.6, ECR 28 - / ECR 38 - / ECR 58 - / ECR 88 - / ECR48C - / 2010 - / ¤d2.2, ECR58 PLUS - / ¤D3.1, ECR88 PLUS - / D3.1 | 4900 rubles |
| Calix-Re 153 A 550W | Voltage - 220 V, power - 550 W, works with such machines: Ford Probe 2.5i V6 24V / Honda Accord 2.0i-16 / -1989 / B20A, Honda Legend 2.5, 2.7 / Honda Prelude 2.0i -16V / 1986-1991 / B20A, Mazda 2 1.3 (DE) / 2008- / ZJ, 1.5 (DE) / 2008- / ZY, Mazda 3 1.4 (BK) / 2004- / ZJ, 1.6 (BK) / 2004- / Z6, MAZDA 323 2.0 I V6 24V / Mazda 626 2.5i V6 / Mazda MX-3 1.8i 24V V6 / MAZDA MX-6 2.5i 24V V6 / MAZDA XEDOS 6 2.0i 24V V6 / Mazda Xedos 9 2.0i 24V V6 / K8-ZE, 2.5i 24V V6 / ROVER 825, 827- / -1995 / | 7200 rubles |
Pipes
In addition to devices embedded in the BC, there are also systems for mounting in a cut of thick nozzles. They are distinguished by the presence of an adapter enclosure. Installation does not bear any particular difficulty, the return is not bad. but there is a minus - Electric heaters from this series are designed for the standard diameter of nozzles.
Defa and calix produce not only block, but also pipe heaters. They are manufactured in our country, implementing very low prices. But these options for the heaters are intended only for Vazovsky, UAZ or Gas models of cars.
There are also universal models equipped with a strengthened hull. However, they are hardly suitable for foreign cars.
Electric heaters got the greatest popularity in our country, as it is constructively easy to install and universalized. Them easy to embed in the contourUsing attachments. They are equipped with powerful heaters, the strength of which reaches 2-3 kW.
Remote
It is especially worth noting the electrical heaters called remote. They are more complex in the design, imply the presence of hoses, thermostators, fixators, etc. domestic manufacturers, such as Severs-M, Alliance and many others.
Installing the heater Lunfea (Xin Ji)
The overseas manufacturer of such equipment is also popular in Russia. This is a state of hotstant TPS. It is worth the equipment at least 6.8 thousand rubles, but you can only purchase to order.
Special attention among the electric heaters deserve models with forced circulation Co. Above the variants of electrical heaters with natural circulation.
So, the most famous among this series are systems from the same American hotstart (the price of 23 thousand rubles). There are cheap domestic options, worth not more than 2.4 thousand rubles. Chinese heaters, such as Blue Ji, are worth 1.5 thousand rubles. Their power does not exceed 1.8 kW.
Disadvantages of electrical heaters:
- Need a household socket in 220 V.
- Combability of the opening of the hood for access to the fork. These difficulties sin the old Russian models of heaters. Bumper connectors appeared on modern.
- The reliability of some models is not impressive. Particularly weak of the corps of domestic and Chinese heaters, transmitting antifreeze and leather. An experienced installer initially plant the cover on the sealant.
- The low quality of additional equipment (again, we are talking about kits of Russian or Chinese production). It is advisable to replace the attached equipment with imported hoses, plastic adapters - duraluminum, chlip holders - on durable and wide clamps.
Advantages of electrical heaters:
- Installation of heaters costs inexpensively, even in metropolitan car services. approximate price - 1.5 thousand rubles. You can easily put it yourself and do it yourself, but without the presence of specific knowledge can not do.
- The widest model range and unpretentiousness in operation.
Heating plates
Lastly, the so-called heating plates are becoming increasingly popular, which are installed on the engine case, cylinders, crankcase, and so on. These heaters are used not only in cars, but also in other techniques - generator installations, microprocessor equipment, plaquinity, diesel locomotives and electric locomotives and many others.
Heating plates are based on thermal electrical heaters (Tan). Most of them can be connected both to the stationary network with a voltage of 220 V / 50 Hz, and to the aircraft of the car (12 V direct current). Power can be different, the interval ranges from 100 to 1500 W. And the temperature developed by various plates is + 90 ° C ... + 180 ° C. As for the installation, the devices are attached with the adhesive film (the surface is pre-surface and degreased).
Electric heating plates can not be used for heating rechargeable batteries. For these purposes, other devices are applied.
A feature of the heating plates is that they are designed to work in a long mode. That is, with their help you cannot quickly heat / heat the engine or its individual items. Although there are separate high-power models working with a time relay.
The advantages of heating plates include:
- Economy. The use of electricity will cost you cheaper than liquid fuel.
- Reliability and durability. Most electrical heating plates do not need to be repaired and preventive inspections, you do not need to contact them with service centers. At the same time, manufacturers, as a rule, establish a significant period of warranty.
- Easy installation. Most of the heating plates are simply glued to the heated surface with the adhesive film, which comes in a set with a heater. Installation can be performed independently without referring to a service station.
- Resistance to abrasion. The surface of the heating plate is covered special Material, Sustainable not only to abrasion, but also significant mechanical damage.
- Security use. It concerns both the driver and directly elements of the car. The heating plates are well protected from moisture and small particles inside them (the degree of dust-excrement is IP65 in most models).
As for the shortcomings of the heating plates, it should be attributed to them:
- High price. The benefits described above are the high cost.
- Worn Accord. Due to the fact that electricity from the battery is used to work the plate, the driver must constantly monitor the condition and performance of the latter. Up to replacing it to more capacious and / or new.
However, as practice shows, electric heating plates are very convenient to use, and their purchase justifies itself, especially in the regions with a cold climate. Therefore, we would recommend you if possible to buy heating plates and use them for installation as an alternative to conventional engine preheaters.
Now we present to your attention some popular plates used by car owners.
| Models | Description and features | Price as of autumn 2017 |
|---|---|---|
| Flexible heating plate Keenovo 100 W 12 V | Specific power - 0.52 W / cm². Maximum temperature + 180 ° C. A feature of the plate is the presence of a high-temperature self-adhesive surface on one side of the plate, as well as the presence of a porous surface on the other side to reduce heat loss. The size is 127 × 152 mm with a sponge of 5 mm. The plate is designed for the autonomous preheating of the engine with a working volume of up to 3 liters, has a adhesive layer that provides maximum adhesion between the plate and the surface at elevated temperatures. The plate is provided with an additional layer of thermal insulation in the form of a porous sponge, which ensures the heating of the oil layer required for the warm engine launch, in about 15 minutes of operation. | 3610 rubles |
| Maximum heating temperature + 90 ° C. There is an additional retail for setting the temperature. Ideal for installation on the carter and engine block, hydraulics and transmission elements as the dimensions are 127 × 152 mm. Plates coverage are resistant to friction. Standardly completed 100 cm cable. | 3650 rubles | |
| Flexible heating plate Keenovo 250 W 220 V | Maximum temperature + 150 ° C. Dimensions 127 × 152 mm. Ideal for installation on the crankcase and engine block, hydraulics and transmission elements, different types pumps. Plates coverage are resistant to friction. Standardly completed 100 cm cable for power outlet 220 V | 3650 rubles |
| Hotstart AF10024 | Power supply 220 V, power 100 W, dimensions 101 × 127 mm. | 7900 rubles |
| Hotstart AF15024 | Power 220 V, power 150 W, dimensions 101 × 127 mm. | 9700 rubles |
| Hotstart AF25024 | Power 220 V, power 250 W, dimensions 127 × 152 mm. | 9700 rubles |
Autonomous heaters
Otherwise, they are called fuel, as they function on a merry. The principle of their work is reduced to the following: the pump pumps gasoline or diesel fuel tank to the combustion chamber. The ignition of the mixture comes from a hot ceramic pin (the last sufficiently low share of the current for heating, unlike the metal).
EBERSPACHER HYDRONIC D4W, installed on auto
As a result of heating heater, the warm liquid circulates throughout the system, giving the heat of the engine and the furnace radiator. As soon as the temperature reaches more than 70 grams. Celsius, the stove turns on the half-time and standby mode. Those, the device does not function at full power, but when the temperature drops below 20 gr. the cycle is repeatedWhat explains the name - an autonomous heater.
System autonomous heating car Engine It has different modes of operation. For example, summer, when the air inside the car is blown out occasionally a fan. If such a system is involved, the presence of air conditioning is not needed, because it is easy to reduce the temperature in normal mode.
The inclusion of the autonomous heater is carried out different waysBut the simplest timer remained. It is inside the car, it can be programmed and put on any duration of operation.
Turning on with the help of the timer is very convenient. For example, if the motorist is sent daily to work, then the timer can be put on the same inclusion time.
How WEBASTO THERMO TOP EVO works
If the variable schedule is more suitable, it is better to use a remote to turn on. It is able to act within a radius of up to 1 km. In other words, the heater can be included with a balcony of a multi-storey house.
Another control option is the GSM module. You can use it from a conventional smartphone, controlling the operation of the module through commands. Theoretically, the GSM module will be able to connect from any point of the globe, if only the machine was in the action zone.
The most popular devices of this type in our country are considered to be Webasto and Eberspare. Their models designed for both foreign cars and for domestic cars from different type and motor volume.
From Russian manufacturers loudly announced a heat-station, producing products, which is cheaper not twice as much as foreign counterparts.
Table of models of autonomous heaters
Disadvantages of autonomous heaters:
- The difficulty of installation. This is not an electrical heater, which can be easily installed with your own hands.
- Horregious. Even the basic models are an order of magnitude higher, without additional components. In addition, the installation of such equipment is highly assessed - at least 8-10 thousand rubles. And the more difficult it will find a place under the hood for mounting, the it will be more expensive.
- Dependence on AKB. Under the hood you always need to keep a rechargeable and reliable battery.
- Some models are dependent on the quality of fuel. It is recommended to pay attention to this, regularly diagnose and clean.
Advantages of autonomous heaters:
- Offline mode, no need to depend on external power sources.
- Super efficiency and the possibility of long-term continuous functioning. To the operating temperature, the interior of the machine and the engine in the cold winter days can be heated at a combustible consumption of less than 1 l / h in just 40-50 minutes.
- A wide selection of ways to use and programming.
Make a choice in favor of this or that heater will now be much easier. If financial means allow you to better establish a standalone option. For other cases, it is possible to choose a good and quite efficient - electrical heater.
The problem of engine wear is one of the most important headaches of each car owner. Especially strongly on the service life of the power unit affects the launch in the winter season, when, because of the frost, the motor is required much more forces to get started. In order to prevent the sad outcome to simply use the engine preheater 220V with POMPA. However, do not everyone know - which model is better and why. In order to help you deal with this, we created our rating, which presents the best models from the market available.
№7 - SIMATE (SIMAT) (PRC) 
Opens our list of product created by Asian engineers - SIMATE (Simat). It is quite easy to install, in other matters, like most other electrical heaters for the car. Inexpensive in the price plan (from 1500 rubles) the model is equipped with an efficient pump, which provides efficient pumping and, as a result, heated coolant. At the same time, it does not play roles, in which car you use the heater - in the passenger or cargo. The device is equipped with a special thermostat and overheating protection, thus the service life is significantly higher than that of competitors. The same can be said about the safety of operation.
Pre-engine preheater SIMATE
№6 - Hot Start (USA) 
The American company HOT START is one of the leaders in the market and has already been known for 75 years in the fact that it only produces the best preheating heaters of the engine 220V with pump. Products of the firm can reduce the cost of motorist on fuel, fuel and fuel and various repair services, since it significantly increases the timing of the motor service. Each, without exception, the model is made in accordance with the world standards and is certified by ISO 9001, which guarantees the quality of execution and high security. You can buy the device at a price of 2000 rubles, and for your money this is an excellent choice.
HOT START engine heater
№5 - Start-Turbo (Russia)
Product russian production It does not boast the simplicity of installation and for high-quality installation inexperienced car owner will have to seek help in a special center. However, this deficiency is fully compensated by excellent technical indicators of the heater and its reliability. For example, antifreeze is heated up to 49 degrees, after which happens emergency shutdown before the temperature drop. The time required by the car for launch is significantly reduced, and after it there are no various noise and problems that are familiar to each driver. Even in winter at first after the launch, the car will go to a decent level of thrust. The price begins from 1800 rubles.
Preheater engine start-turbo engine
№4 - Lunfea 
Contrary to many negative reviews, the company's products Lunfea is one of the most popular on the market. The opinions of users diverged - some prases performance indicators and democratic priceOthers, on the contrary, are compiled for frequent marriage and various malfunctions. Thus, buying the device, you do not know - you will be lucky or not. However, it is worth noting that in case luck will still be on your side - you will receive one of the best heaters on the market.
The power of the model is equal to 3kW, the coolant is heated by the agent, and the antifreeze run is carried out by the centrifugal pump. Nutrition occurs by connecting to a conventional power supply 220V, while there is a small defects - the cord of the model is short, so it will have to be folded on an additional extension. The question of the dimensions disappears - the Lunfea can be easily used as for passenger carsand for freight. In stores, the price of this heater is usually 4,300 rubles.
Preparation Heater Lunfea
№3 - Atlant (Russia)
Another product of domestic engineers has become a bronze medalist of our rating - the electric preheater of the Atlant engine. He is assembled, I must say, reliably and firmly. If you disassemble the instrument, it can be found that gaskets are located between the contacts preventing the risk of short circuits. All materials of the housing are high-quality and not flip. Wires consist of copper, and the frame of the motor made of metal plates. The heating element is a monolithic plate with longitudinal ribs.
In the work of Atlant shows itself worthy - the heating occurs quickly, due to which the term, required machine For startup decreases by 2-3 times. After starting the car rides confidently and quietly. This is the reason that the domestic product has collected so much laudatory feedback in his address. If you are looking for a decent heater, then Atlant - optimal choice. You can buy it at a price of 3150 rubles.
Preparation Heater Atlant
№2 - Sever Force + - (Russia)
The preheater "SeversE" is the pride of Russian engineers who managed to create a truly successful product, which is the perfect combination of price and quality. The device is embedded in the car cooling system and when connecting to a network, a TEN, which is located in the housing, begins to warm the circulating antifreeze. At the same time, the circulation pump is started, pumping the heated fluid through the cooling system. When the required temperature mark is achieved, automatically triggers the thermostat, turning off the TEN and the pump. Once the indicator is reduced below the set mark, repeatedly starts. This leads to the fact that the temperature of the coolant is always in the specified range. According to measurements, after half an hour of the heater, the temperature of the coolant is 70 degrees - and it is very much in comparison with competitors. The power of the device: 2kW. As for the price, everything is quite democratic here - 2100 rubles.
EXTRACT SEEEATER NORSTE +
№1 - OWL
He headed our rating the result of the works of German engineers - the OWL heater. It is assembled extremely reliably, all components are as high quality and equipped with necessary security tools. Due to compact dimensions, namely the small width of the body between the fittings of 3.5 cm, it is possible to install it directly on the hoses without resorting to the help of adapters. brackets and tees. OWL is suitable for any vehicles and engines.
Installation of the device will not be difficult for even a novice car owner. This is a huge advantage of the model in front of domestic devices. The OWL is equipped with a built-in thermostat that shuts off the heating system to achieve a temperature of 60 0 C. When it decreases to a mark of 40 0 \u200b\u200bC, the system turns on again. The performance of the device in 1.1 kW many experts were called optimal, since with such values \u200b\u200bheat from the liquid spreads in the cylinder block sufficiently slowly, so as not to provoke sharp drops of temperature and the local boiling of antifreeze in those places where its contact with the Tane occurs. It is impossible to call this model available, after all, its price is about 7,000 rubles, but this is due to a worthy level of reliability and good indicators in the work.
OWL Engine Preheater
When coldly occurs (usually for any of us, "sudden") every car owner thinks whether his car will be charged or not. And even if the battery coped with a difficult task and the "cold start" was safely implemented, with such a method of exploitation arises a number of negative consequences:
- engine details are faster wear out;
- the load on the battery increases: as a result, the service life is significantly reduced;
- the engine works for a long time on idling (A, this is not the most "useful" mode for it).
The engine heating will not only extend the "life" of the motor without repair, but also to largely increase the comfort of the use of the car in winter.
Principle of operation and varieties of preheating engine
All systems, regardless of the design, installed in cars to facilitate the start of the motor in the cold season, are heated not to the engine itself, and increase the temperature of its ambient coolant (abbreviated it is called PP). Therefore, the toosol, saving engine from overheating while driving, is heated with the preservation device, heats the engine elements, which contributes to the implementation of its easy launch (even at very low temperatures).
According to the principle of operation, all the preheaters of engines (both gasoline and diesel) are divided into two main groups:
- autonomous;
- electric.
The first as a source of energy use car fuel. To operate the second, it is necessary to connect to 220 volts to the power supply.
Autonomous preheating heaters
This type of engine preheaters is most functional, as it does not depend on the connection to external energy sources (therefore, they are called autonomous). However, their cost is higher than electric. Install such a heated engine with their own hands, not possessing the necessary technical skills and sufficient experience, is quite difficult. In addition independent installation Such high-tech devices leads to a loss of a warranty on the car.
On a note! If you install a heater in an authorized center, then all warranty obligations are preserved.
And despite the fairly high cost, such devices are widely popular. By analogy with autonomous systems of building heating, such devices are sometimes called boilers. Until recently, the most famous manufacturers of these products were German "Webasto" and "Eberspacher (Hydronic). But now, Russian firms are worthy of a worthy competition: "Binar" and "Teplostar"; as well as the Chinese "Belief".
Autonomous heating consists of:
- fuel pump;
- the rigid candle or the incandescent pin (from tungsten or cobalt);
- evaporative burner;
- combustion chambers;
- heat exchanger;
- supercharger motor;
- input and cooling fluid outputs;
- control unit.
The boiler is installed in open space And embed into the fuel and cooling system of the car. The scheme presented below helps to understand how the autonomous heater works.
When you turn on the device (button, a timer signal, block remote control Or the GSM module) the air-fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber and is set on the replacement candles (or the incandescent pins). When combustion, the heat exchanger is heated, which leads to the heating of the coolant. Pump pumps toosol through the engine and radiator of the standard interior heating system. When the fluid temperature is reached, about 60 ° C automation unit turns on the cabin fan.
The "Webasto Thermo Top Evo Start" heater (5 kW), designed to install on cars with an engine capacity of up to 5 liters, with a programmable weekly timer and installation items costs about 25,000 rubles. The remote control unit (range of about 1 km) and the GSM unit (for the possibility of managing a mobile phone) are purchased separately. The installation of the certified dealer will cost no more than 8000 ÷ 10,000 rubles.
Passive electrical heaters
In Canada and all Scandinavian countries, outlets where you can connect such heater, equipped, practically all parking spaces.
We still have such a service only a few paid car parkings. And, so if you live in a private house or keep the car in the garage, then, undoubtedly, this device will greatly facilitate your life in the cold time.
The easiest B. technical Plan And the most economically available way carry out pre-heating diesel or gasoline engine Before launching in the winter - installing an electrical heater to one of the engine cylinder block plugs. Technologically, it is a conventional boiler for certain sizes and power. The circulation of the fluid is carried out by gravity (the fitting rises upstairs, and the cold drops down). The choice of product depends on specific model Engine. The market is widely represented by devices, practically, for all car brands from a wide variety of manufacturers.
For example, the electrical preheating of the engine from "DEFA" for the VAZ-Osky "dozen" with a capacity of 550 W with additional spacer placas (for better fixation with inner The block of cylinders) and the sealing sealing ring costs 1,700 ÷ 1800 rubles. And for " Subaru Forester.»A similar device (with a threaded fastening) with a capacity of 600 W from the same manufacturer will cost 2600 ÷ 2800 rubles.
Depending on the type of plugs, manufacturers produce such devices for both the threaded installation and pressing. The model is chosen depending on the variety of engine itself.
Possessing even minimal technical skills, install such a device for engine heating from 220 in your own hands (with cable and connections for connection) is quite simple:
- partially merge the cooling fluid (usually enough 2 ÷ 2.5 liters);
- we dismantle the plug on the cylinder block (the most closely located to the central part of the engine to ensure better warming up);
- insert the heating element instead;
- we connect the electrical cable;
- a power outlet for connecting the power grid either to outward through the radiator grille (for those who are not very worried about the appearance of the car), or fastened in a convenient location on front bumper (or under it).
To make it convenient to use a similar device, you can additionally set the on / off timer.
Electric heaters with coolant circulation
Electric heaters with pumps (to ensure the circulation of heated fluid through the engine and the cabin stove radiator) allow you to evenly warm the entire engine. Although such devices are more expensive than passive electrical systemsThe effectiveness of their work is much higher. The thermostat built into the case automatically turns off the heating when the fluid temperature is reached 80 ° C.
Installation of such a device is quite simple:
- merge the cooling fluid;
- krepim device body;
- we carry out the insertion into the standard cooling system (between the output from the cylinder block and the inlet nozzle of the cabin radiator);
- fill the coolant.
The Russian engine heater from 220 V "NEXT satellite" (with a capacity of 1.5 to 3 kW, which is chosen depending on the climatic operating conditions and volume of the engine) with pump and automatic power outage costs from 2200 to 3200 rubles.
Supplementing such a device relay with a thermal sensor to turn on the stove fan, we can count on not only the easy engine start, but also breathed to a comfortable temperature of the car.
Flexible thermoplasties
The above-considered devices embedded in the cooling system do not provide heated oil in engines. This is their significant disadvantage. With severe frosts, even a good warm engine, the thickened oil is quite problematic. Flexible heating plates for the preheating of the engine allow you to do without much difficulty homemade device, Quite quickly (in just 20 ÷ 30 minutes) an increase in oil temperature. Technologically, they are a heating element pressed between two layers of silicone. On the one hand, the plates are adhesive composition (3m), with another porous material with good thermal insulation. The power of one heating element ranges from 60 to 400 W. Such devices are released to connect to the on-board network of a car with a voltage of 12 or 24 V, or to household electrical power grid by 220 V. The cost of these products from "Hotstart" or "Keenovo" depending on the size and power is 2000 ÷ 8000 rubles per piece.
With the help of such devices, you can easily heat the engine crankcase pallet or automatic box Transmissions. One plate with a size of 127 x 152 mm and a power of 100 W is enough for a car with a motor with a volume of up to 3 liters.
Installation of such products is quite simple:
- clean the place of installation from dirt and paint;
- then remove the protective film and do not forget to glue the plate;
- at the edges we apply a layer of sealant;
- we fix the electrical wires and drag them to the location of the connection.
By installing such plates (with built-in thermal sensor) on the car tank and fuel filter, you can create a heating device fuel system diesel engine.
The main advantages of such devices are:
- Low power consumption.
- Ability to use for heating a variety of components and car mechanisms.
- Easy installation (regular systems of the car remain unaffected).
- Autonomy (when using plates with 12 V nutrition).
In custody
What a heater is better to install on the car depends on your personal preferences, financial capabilities and parking sites. By installing the heating system from the proven and well-proven manufacturer, you will not only save time, but you will be sure that your car will start with serious frosts.
