Small tractors hand-made, very well suited for work in small households. A person who even knows a little how to own a tool and is a little bit versed in technology can make a mini-unit on his own. Of course, the assembled device at home is inferior in characteristics to the serial machines of the tractor enterprise. But if it is necessary to work on 10-15 acres of land, then "Kirovets" in this case will be clearly inappropriate. The ideal format in this case is a nimble mini-tractor A tractor from GAZ 66 is one of such mechanisms that will be an ideal universal assistant in subsidiary farming for many years.
Advantages and disadvantages
First of all, it is worth highlighting the economic aspect: such a unit is an order of magnitude cheaper than factory analogs, although at the same time it may not be inferior in terms of technical indicators. The scope of such a "toy" is huge:
- vegetable gardens;
- orchards;
- areas for crops that do not exceed 8 hectares;
- transportation of small volumes of goods.
A self-made tractor from GAZ 66 will pay off literally in a matter of months and will only bring profit in the future. If you take care of it correctly, then such a device will serve faithfully for many years. If we talk about difficulties, first of all they can arise in the question of the availability of spare parts. Sometimes a node can only be found via the Internet, in stores nearby it may not even be in sight.
Today, finding out how to make a tractor from GAZ 66 will not be difficult. To do this, it is enough to plan a few main points, and go headlong into the process. The first moment is the preparation of drawings. Some Kulibins are able to assemble a rocket without drawing any diagrams from the remains of an old primus. Such people are nuggets, there have always been enough of them in Russia. For the rest of the citizens who do not differ in technical ingenuity, it is still recommended to do everything "according to science."
Make correct drawings. You can do this with a computer using a special program, or draw them manually on paper. In any case, you need to have the skills of this business.
- Master the craft of drawing. Or you can order a drawing from a person who professionally owns this craft, who can be found on the World Wide Web.
- Make the correct calculation of the power. The tractor will necessarily work with a trailer, so the engine power must be sufficient for such work to take place unimpeded.
Registration of papers for registration
Assembly principle
If everything is thought out and laid out correctly and scrupulously, then the assembly itself is similar to a game of blocks, when houses were assembled from them in childhood. Additional trimming of parts is often required, so an appropriate tool is required. You will also need a welding machine and a qualified turner.
It is also important to know exactly what kind of tractor you will get as a result. Most often, villagers use the so-called “break” 4x4. This is a unit in which there is a four-wheel drive, it has an articulated connected frame. This design is versatile and suitable for a wide range of farming applications.
Search and fit of parts
Homemade tractors from GAZ-66 are popular among the people, but they require appropriate mechanical components. First of all, these are:
- engine;
- transmission;
- steering gears.
Everyone should be in good condition so as not to engage in endless repairs later.
Frame layout
If there is no desire to make a "break", then you can simply assemble a one-piece frame, which contains two spars (left and right), traverses (front and rear). The crossbeam can consist of a not very massive metal channel. The spars are made from the "ten" channel, the traverse - from the "twelfth" or "sixteenth" channel.
What motors are suitable
The engine is usually set at 40 horses, which is quite enough for work.
Most often, power units are mounted:
- M-67;
- MT-9;
- UD-2;
- UD-4.
If you design a tractor from GAZ 66 in 4x4 format and install the engine from it, then you will need to increase the transmission ratios, the engine will not have enough power for all wheels. It is possible that for power plant additional cooling may be required. Such a homemade mechanism is capable of serving for many years, only it is necessary to properly care for it.
LEGEND OF STEPPES
The moment of truth came when, after walking through the dusty hills, we stood next to a sparkling Toyota Land cruiser 100. The iconic Japanese SUV looked like a child's play next to the work of Vyacheslav Zolotukhin from the once closed Krasnokamensk. It was then that full awareness of the scale of the created SUV with a length of 5.8 meters, a width of 2.3 meters and the same height appeared. More recently, the car fluttered along the slopes and stones, but now it is difficult to imagine that it is based on the chassis of the GAZ-66 truck.
Vyacheslav has long known good cars, back in the 90s, he was engaged in driving them from the Far East. At its own disposal was not one Japanese SUV. And over time, I wanted much more than standard factory solutions could offer. The tuning option did not suit. I wanted, so to speak, a fundamentally different level, something like a Mega Cruiser, but according to my own ideas about comfort, capacity, reliability, cross-country ability, and so on. So it came to the need to build your own car, using the achievements of the domestic and Japanese car industry.
The GAZ-66 became the foundation of the project. Of course, this was quite deliberate. This Soviet "blockbuster", of course, has its own miscalculations: a useless engine and gearbox, and the very layout of the car with a heavy cab and an engine above the front axle is an extremely unfortunate solution in terms of weight distribution. But the "shishiga" also has its wonderful sides, especially in the military models of production until 1975, when the car was made only for the defense industry and really conscientiously. In addition, the light army truck was designed with the calculation of its landing from the air. The main advantages are a strong but flexible 6-mm steel frame and strong axles with free axle shafts and effective self-locking differentials. Of the minuses for "civil" operation - constant engagement of the front wheels, the bridge is disabled only in the razdatka. But this problem with skill turned out to be removable.
In general, the bare chassis of the GAZ-66, with the engine, gearbox and cab removed, became the inspiration for the design. So to speak, the skeleton "in the rough" is ready, and with full preservation of the wheelbase. But the heart and body for the future "king-kong" were parts ... also from trucks, but now Japanese, and medium-tonnage. The engine from the five-ton Hino is a 6-cylinder diesel with a volume of 7.5 liters. Atmospheric, completely cast iron, with in-line mechanical equipment, with a timing gear drive - handsome! The gearbox is 6-speed from it, but the transfer case remained native from the 66th, but Vyacheslav went over it with the replacement of our "square" bearings with imported counterparts, after which the noise decreased noticeably.
A huge hood on gas struts opens the immense engine compartment. Of the non-native for the 7.5-liter Hino diesel engine, there is only an air cleaning system - it was borrowed from KamAZ. And the cone adapter to the engine air pipe is made from the sleeve of a tank shell!
Forked exhaust tract not for foolishness - it was necessary to use two compact "banks" of mufflers instead of one bulky one. In front of the rear axle, a 180-liter tank from the ZIL-130 is completely imperceptibly placed and additionally protected
Do I need to clarify that the adjustment of the power unit required other fasteners and alteration of the frame cross members? In addition, the frame has been "trimmed" at the edges. But it is important to note that the weighty diesel has been shifted as far back as possible for reasons of proper load distribution.
In turn, this had a favorable effect on the very design of the body, which, according to all the canons of classic jeeps, turned out to have a "brought forward" bridge and a short overhang. At the same time, the relatively bulky engine does not "stick out" high - to reduce the center of gravity, it is located as low as possible, for which it was necessary to modify the pallet. And the diesel engine did not "climb" into the salon at all, like that of the same Hummer.
In the park of Vyacheslav Zolotukhin from Krasnokamensk there is a Toyota Land Cruiser 100, but for off-road trips he created his own version - Mega Cruiser Russia
NODE TRANSFER
Why is there some kind of "Hummer", here the salon is not a spartan booth, but a spacious and comfortable cruise cabin with a great view. It is based on a double and "wide-body" cab from the Isuzu Elf truck, respectively, with "his" interior, albeit in many ways modified. But the back, that is, the luggage part is borrowed from the Noah minivan! To dock it with the Elf cab, it was necessary to expand the dimensions with inserts, and rear glass make the original. The front ensemble is no less interesting. The fenders are made using those from the GAZ-3307, the hood is original production, the radiator grill is a composite of two grilles from Prado, the headlights are from Delica.
The steering wheel is adapted from a Honda passenger car - with the steering mechanism from a 5-ton Hino, its smaller diameter did not affect the efforts, but the steering with it is sharper and faster than that of trucks.
"Cabin" freely accommodates 3 people in the back, not very crowded and four, in front of a double passenger seat from HiAce, which "spins" and folds into a table.
Both bumpers are of our own production, made of metal. In general, Vyacheslav does not like working with plastic, trusts only metal, and makes things out of it as it should, carefully, accurately. Using our own know-how in technology. Adjustment of parts at height, and all butt joints with the indispensable welding of elements are invisible. For example, the front doors in their native version had cutouts for wheel arches, and now they are solid, as if they were stamped with a Japanese conveyor.
Native discs were altered, as it were, "inside out", as a result, the offset of each wheel increased by 10 cm, that is, the track was extended by 20 cm, which, with such a height of the car, added the necessary stability. I put the rubber from the "Tiger", it is smaller and lighter than my own from the 66th. The front hubs are made detachable, and not with the help of fast, but low-resource "switches". Here Vyacheslav applied a much more eternal design of the type of closed threaded engagement couplings on the GAZ-69 and UAZ. It takes two special keys and five minutes of time, but everything is extremely reliable.
For reliability, the body is placed on the frame on 12 supports, according to the experience of the Japanese, each support is made of three rubber pads.
Test drives have revealed "raw" areas in the structure. So, the mighty moment and power roughly applied to the bridges with great gear ratio, "Sharpened" under the frail gasoline engine. The car drove in jerks, with a "catapult" effect. In tuning jeeps, they usually raise the number, but here it was necessary to lower it. In addition, the car was pretty shaking and thrown because of the rigid suspension - the curb weight turned out to be only about 3.5 tons, which the GAZ-66 chassis almost did not notice.
Oddly enough, the solution to the first problem was found with the help of GAZ - in the arsenal of the plant, more high-speed main pairs were found that were used on buses. The second question turned out to be more intricate. At first we experimented with the selection of springs, but somehow we could not achieve a good result. Then I found the "highlight of the program" - shock absorbers. The truck is, in addition to everything else, a "parachutist"! Its shock absorbers are so called double acting were designed for a hard landing, and what does not happen in the "Dakar". Instead of the native "jump" ones, Vyacheslav installed converted shock absorbers from KamAZ. In addition, the shortest and stiffest sheets from the spring packages were removed.
The wheels of the 66th are barely recognizable: the disks are riveted to widen the track, the bolts are made of stainless steel, and the tires are off-road KI-115A in the size 12.00 R18, used on the Tigers. And the front hubs have been independently redesigned with the ability to "turn off" the wheels.
TRIUMPH OF NEFORMAT
It was then that "Mega-Shishiga" drove as she wanted: smoothly, gently and at the same time very confidently - the traction reserve made it possible not to resort to a reduction gear in most cases, even in meter-long snow on slopes. And here there is a lot of snow, and in the conditions of the hills it is formed specifically: somewhere the wind blows it out, and somewhere whole dunes are swept out.
Unfortunately, our meeting with Vyacheslav took place in the conditions of melted snow, but even without that we managed to taste the delights of a truly extraordinary SUV in every sense. So huge and empty, it rides surprisingly lightly and softly both on the broken asphalt and on the steppe, dotted with furrows and rocks. It rolls over ditches and stones like a bear, with a calm gait, energy-intensive and without any "concussion". The owner says that if the car is loaded, then it floats like an executive sedan.
The landscape here is, in principle, flat and hard, but a forest begins 40 km from here, with holes and ruts. For lack of time, we did not go there, but Vyacheslav had already managed to travel around a lot. Of course, the dimensions will not allow maneuvering among dense tree trunks, but in in this case there is no such need - not the same operating conditions.
The wheel weighs 80 kg, which made it necessary to strengthen the spare wheel bracket more than once. It leans downward, which makes it difficult to access the trunk, but its one-piece door in the future is planned to be converted into a more comfortable two-leaf door.
It is much more important that in winter you can easily go skiing and snowboarding: there are no organized trails in the vicinity of Krasnokamensk, but there are as many wild slopes as you want - choose for every taste, and Mega-Shishiga will take you to the starting point without any lift. No noise or vibration is annoying, although no serious additional insulation has been done. The supply of heat to a large salon is also no problem.
Yes, the same GAZ has examples of small-scale construction of bonneted all-metal vehicles with all-metal bodies on the Sadko chassis, but those cars are very heavy, with problematic engines - they cannot drive off-road without a reduction gear and huge fuel consumption. The notorious "Tiger" on an armored personnel carrier with 7 tons of live weight and an electronically controlled diesel engine is also not a competitor. And the brainchild of Vyacheslav travels freely and economically everywhere - on the highway at 80 km / h it consumes only about 13.5 liters.
It took a year and a half to build the car, but three years have passed since that time! And it is surprising that the car is still almost unknown not only in the region, but even in Krasnokamensk itself - Vyacheslav does not advertise it, almost never drives into the city. So the BMSh should become an All-Russian premiere for this Trans-Baikal legend. Among those rare people who know, there were those who wanted to buy this off-road cruiser for good money and even offered Lexus LX instead. Vyacheslav refuses, but is ready to consider an order for the construction of similar or other interesting cars... One such new project is already maturing and promises another exclusive, but the author has not yet spread about it.
Perhaps, even among American SUVs, one cannot find such copies that make the Toyota LC100 so small.
General description:
The liquid obtained using this description is methanol (methyl alcohol). Pure methanol is used as a solvent and as a high-octane additive to motor fuel, as well as as the highest-octane ( octane number equals 150) gasoline. This is the same gasoline that is used to fill the tanks of racing motorcycles and cars. As foreign studies show, an engine running on methanol lasts many times longer than when using conventional gasoline, its power increases by 20% (with a constant engine displacement). The exhaust of an engine running on this fuel is environmentally friendly and when tested for toxicity harmful substances practically absent.
A small-sized apparatus for obtaining this fuel is easy to manufacture, does not require special knowledge and scarce parts, and is trouble-free in operation. Its performance depends on various reasons, including size. The device, the diagram and description of the assembly of which we bring to your attention, at D = 75mm gives three liters of finished fuel per hour, has a weight of about 20 kg, and dimensions are approximately: 20 cm in height, 50 cm in length and 30 cm in width.
Warning: methanol is a strong poison. It is a colorless liquid with a boiling point of 65 ° C, has a smell similar to that of ordinary drinking alcohol, and mixes in all respects with water and many organic liquids. Remember that 30 milliliters of methanol drunk is lethal!
The principle of operation and operation of the device:
Tap water is connected to the "water inlet" (15) and, passing further, is divided into two streams: one stream through the tap (14) and hole (C) enters the mixer (1), and the other flow through the tap (4) and hole (G) goes to the refrigerator (3), passing through which water, cooling the synthesis gas and gasoline condensate, comes out through the hole (Yu).
Domestic natural gas is connected to the "Gas inlet" pipeline (16). Further, the gas enters the mixer (1) through the hole (B), in which, mixed with water vapor, it is heated on the burner (12) to a temperature of 100 - 120 ° C. Then from the mixer (1) through the hole (D) the heated mixture of gas and water vapor enters through the hole (B) into the reactor (2). Reactor (2) is filled with catalyst # 1, consisting of 25% nickel and 75% aluminum (in the form of shavings or in grains, industrial grade GIAL-16). In the reactor, synthesis gas is formed under the influence of a temperature of 500 ° C and higher, obtained by heating with a burner (13). Then the heated synthesis gas enters through the opening (E) into the refrigerator (H), where it must be cooled to a temperature of 30-40 ° C or lower. Then the cooled synthesis gas leaves the refrigerator through the opening (I) and through the opening (M) enters the compressor (5), which can be used as a compressor from any household refrigerator. Then compressed synthesis gas with a pressure of 5-50 through the hole (H) leaves the compressor and through the hole (O) enters the reactor (6). Reactor (6) is filled with catalyst # 2, consisting of 80% copper and 20% zinc chips (composition of the company "ICI", brand in Russia CHM-1). In this reactor, which is the most important unit of the apparatus, synthesis gasoline steam is generated. The temperature in the reactor should not exceed 270 ° C, which can be controlled by a thermometer (7) and regulated by a tap (4). It is desirable to maintain the temperature in the range of 200-250 ° C, or even lower. Then gasoline vapors and unreacted synthesis gas leave the reactor (6) through the hole (P) and enter the refrigerator (H) through the hole (L), where the gasoline vapors condense and leave the refrigerator through the hole (K). Further, the condensate and unreacted synthesis gas enter through the hole (Y) into the condenser (8), where ready-made gasoline is accumulated, which leaves the condenser through the hole (P) and the tap (9) into a container.
The hole (T) in the condenser (8) is used to install a pressure gauge (10), which is necessary to monitor the pressure in the condenser. It is maintained in the range of 5-10 atmospheres or more, mainly by means of a tap (11) and partly a tap (9). The hole (X) and the cock (11) are required to exit the unreacted synthesis gas from the condenser, which goes for recirculation back to the mixer (1) through the hole (A). The tap (9) is adjusted so that pure liquid gasoline always comes out without gas. It will be better if the gasoline level in the condenser increases than decreases. But the most optimal case is when the gasoline level will be constant (which can be controlled by the built-in glass or some other method). The tap (14) is adjusted so that there is no / water / in the gasoline and less steam is generated in the mixer rather than more.
Starting the device:
Gas access is opened, water (14) is still closed, burners (12), (13) are working. The cock (4) is fully open, the compressor (5) is on, the cock (9) is closed, the cock (11) is fully open.
Then, the tap (14) of water access is slightly opened, and the tap (11) is used to regulate the required pressure in the condenser, controlling it with a pressure gauge (10). But in no case do not close the tap (11) completely !!! Then, after five minutes, the temperature in the reactor (6) is brought to 200-250 ° C with the valve (14). Then the tap (9) is slightly opened, from which a stream of gasoline should come. If it goes on all the time - slightly open the tap more, if gasoline is mixed with gas - slightly open the tap (14). In general, the more performance you tune the device, the better. You can check the water content of gasoline (methanol) with an alcohol meter. The density of methanol is 793 kg / m3.
This apparatus is preferably made of stainless steel or iron. All parts are made of pipes, you can use as thin connecting pipes copper tubes... In the refrigerator, it is necessary to maintain the ratio X: Y = 4, that is, for example, if X + Y = 300 mm, then X should be equal to 240 mm, and Y, respectively, 60 mm. 240/60 = 4. The more loops that fit in the refrigerator on either side, the better. All taps are used from gas welding torches. Instead of taps (9) and (11), pressure reducing valves from household gas cylinders or capillary tubes from household refrigerators can be used. Mixer (1) and reactor (2) are heated horizontally (see drawing).
The main spare parts that were used in the construction of this giant:
1) As already mentioned, the basis of the all-terrain vehicle is gas-66, which means that the frame and the bridges are taken from it.
2) Engine internal combustion was borrowed from the Nissan Atlas, the working name of the QD32 engine.
3) The gearbox was also taken from Nissan.
4) Steering column supplied from the same Gas-66 (more precisely, there was supplied a certain mixture from the Republic of Kazakhstan from Nissan and from gas -66)
5) T-150 wheels were used, the author took everything to the maximum!
6) Part of the Niva's body was used as the cabin of the future all-terrain vehicle.
This is the front view of the car:
Pretty impressive, right?
And this is a side view of the all-terrain vehicle during the construction process:
To begin with, briefly about what has been done.
Springs were lightened on the basis of gas-66. The brakes were also replaced: the old ones were thrown out, instead of them a disc of its own assembly was installed, as well as a caliper from classic Lada... Then the Niva body was installed in the form of a cab for an all-terrain vehicle, and T-150 wheels were supplied.
Well, let's dwell in more detail on the assembly stages and consider them in more detail.
The springs were lightened due to the fact that some of the sheets were removed. To be more precise, two sheets were dismantled at the front, and three at the back.
This, of course, can affect the reliability, that is, the S-aspect of the bridge may appear, and this, in turn, will give an increased load on the crosses and cardan joints. But in the tests everything was successful and there were no complaints so far. Otherwise, the withdrawn sheets will be added back.
Well, I think everything is clear with springs, now let's consider the engine:
So, such an internal combustion engine was installed: an in-line four-cylinder diesel, its volume is three and two tenths of a liter, atmospheric, 110 hp. The injection pump is simple without electronics.
Concerning transfer case from gaz-66, it has proven itself not from the best side of reliability, it would be nice to use it from the ZIL 157th (they are perfectly compatible), but unfortunately it was not available.
The traverse PK66 was also moved back by 20 centimeters, and the rear cardan shaft shortened. The front one came from the old groove. Work with the traverse was necessary for the reason that the "monoblock" from Nissan is too long.
Brackets for engine mounting were also made.
This photo just shows the rear attachment point of the RK from Nissan.
And the intermediate cardan perfectly fit from the ZIL 157, even without interfering with its design.
And here you can see the steering, too, from the ZILK, although in this case the bipod had to be somewhat shortened. The thrust from the Gas-66 was accordingly also shortened:
Separately, it is worth considering the method of attaching the Niva body to the frame from the gas-66:
Its mount is located at three different points. In front, it was placed with spars under the frame, engine mounts from the Niva were placed and drilled through, M12 bolts were used. At the back, one support lay on the PK66 traverse, one is located in the middle.
I would also like to clarify about the brakes. or rather, their work on this unit. Unfortunately, there were problems, possibly related to the plug of the rear circuit (maybe there is air that is not pumped through), brake fluid it does not allow the piston of the front contour to move. And this can affect the loads of the front and rear axles depending on the movement. For this reason, it was decided to make the disc on front axle, this will enable the muffled circuit to be used.
As for the brake circuit, it looks like this:
And here is a thrust with a spool and a cylinder from a gas-66:
The finished version of the heavy all-terrain vehicle looks like this:
A gas generator is an apparatus for generating gas from coal, firewood, woodworking waste and other materials. The generated fuel can replace traditional hydrocarbon fuels - natural gas for heating homes and gasoline for cars.
The main idea of using such a unit is to save on fuel costs. The constant rise in the price of gasoline, propane and methane forces home craftsmen to look for alternative ways receiving fuel.
To make a gas generator with your own hands, you need to understand its structure and principle of operation.
We will explain how the transformation of solid fuel into combustible gas occurs, denote design features unit and give examples self assembly simple appliances. For better assimilation of information, we supplemented the article with visual diagrams, photographs and video clips.
A gas generator is a device that converts a liquid or solid fuel into a gaseous state for further combustion to generate heat.
Fuel options for a generating set
Units operating on fuel oil or mining have a more complex design than models using different kinds coal or firewood.
Therefore, most often it is solid fuel gas generators that are found - fortunately, the fuel for them is available and cheap.
Image gallery
Gas generation is possible from all of these fuels. The release of energy depends on.
Moreover, more heat is obtained from the combustion of raw materials in a gas generator than from the use of solid fuel in boilers. If the efficiency of a conventional one varies in the range of 60–70%, then for a gas generating complex the indicator reaches 95%.
But here we must take into account one nuance. The boiler burns fuel to heat the water, while the gas generator only produces fuel. Without a heater, stove or internal combustion engine, there will be zero sense from a homemade gas generator.
The resulting gas must be used immediately - it is economically unprofitable to accumulate it in any container. To do this, you will have to mount optional equipment power-dependent.
V Soviet time gas generators were even used to operate trucks, the gas produced is quite enough for the operation of an internal combustion engine
What happens inside the gas generator
The gas generator is based on the pyrolysis of solid fuel, which occurs at high temperatures and low oxygen content in the furnace. Several chemical reactions occur simultaneously inside the gas generating device.
Option # 3: Homemade ICE model
For a car or motorcycle, a home-made gas generator is made in a similar way. Only here it will be necessary to reduce the size of the installation to a minimum. It is expensive to carry a heavy unit with you, and it does not look very aesthetically pleasing.
To make your work easier, for the automotive version of the generator, it is best to take domestic gas cylinders. The main thing is to make sure before welding that there is no hint of propane in the container, otherwise a small explosion may occur. To do this, unscrew the balloon valve and fill the container to capacity with water.
Initially, the car gas generator produces too hot gases. They must be cooled without fail. Otherwise, on contact with hot parts of the engine, they may ignite spontaneously. In addition, the heated gaseous fuel has a low density, which is why it will be simply problematic to ignite it in the cylinders.
A home-made gas generator for a car can be mounted in the trunk or on a trailer.
The second way is preferable due to:
- ease of repair;
- the ability to leave the gas generating unit in the garage;
- availability of free space in the trunk;
- the possibility of using the unit for needs other than fuel supply to the internal combustion engine.
Do not be afraid of road bumps. When bouncing on bumps, the solid fuel in the combustion chamber will be shaken, which will only contribute to its better mixing and combustion.
Nuances of work and operation of gas generators
It is important to remember that the gas produced by the installation is odorless and poisonous. If mistakes are made when welding the metal parts of the gas generator with your own hands, then trouble cannot be avoided.
For natural air flow into the combustion chamber, 5 mm holes can be drilled around the circumference of the body. All installation work and performance checks should be carried out in a well-ventilated workshop or outdoors.
