The engine control unit (ECU) is the brainstall of the entire car, it consists of a large number of complex connections. With this device, it is monitored and coordinating the functions of all elements power aggregate.
Control devices installed on various models of cars are made of high quality materials, with their manufacture apply high techproviding high-quality electronic circuit assembly.
But even the highest quality ECU are subject to breakdowns and often need urgent repairs.
Engine control unit device
The design of the ECU is divided into main parts: the main unit controlling the sensors, actuators of the engine elements. Part electronic control Many special elements include:
- Chips.
- Transistors.
- Resistors.
- Capacitors.
The engine control unit malfunction leads to unbalanced in all car systems.
Appointment of electronic control unit
The computer uses signals sent by the sensors installed on the power unit to adjust the composition and the amount of fuel entering the engine. In the process of its activity, the motor operation mode and accurate dosage of fuel mixtures occurs.
As a result of the functioning of the controller, the engine operation is stable both on the cold and after warming up. Running the motor is not possible if there is a breakdown in the ECU or there is no control signals.
Powerful transistors included in the control unit control the operation of the following engine actuators and fuel system:
- injection system ignition coils;
- valve turns idle move;
- electrical nozzles;
- fuel tank ventilation valve;
- electromagnetic coils - solenoids;
- turbocharged;
- inlet system;
- recycling of exhaust gases;
- cooling system.
The electronic device is part of Onboard equipment of the machine, it is in a permanent information with such important systems:
- Anti-lock system.
- Automatic transmission.
- Stabilizing system.
- Car security system.
- Cruise control.
- Climate control.
Principle of operation of the engine control unit
When using this device, the most important parameters are optimized:
- fuel consumption;
- machine oil consumption;
- power characteristics;
- torque affecting the acceleration of the car;
- the number of poisoning components in exhaust gases.
Sensors send information to the controller in the form of digital signals. The control and functional computing modules included in the software analyze the sensor signals and adjust the operation of the actuators. Output signals in the process of adjustments can even bring a diesel engine to a complete stop.
When conducting significant changes in the design of the power unit (tuning), it is possible to reprogram the electronic engine control unit.
Combining all control units in general System It is performed using a special tire.
Signs of failure
Often there are situations when car owners are faced with the need to repair the engine control unit. Conducting such a type of work with your own hands is possible in the presence of certain qualifying skills.
Failures in the operation of the control device occur due to violation of contacts with sensors, which are monitored by the operation of the engine operating systems:
- Anti-lock system (car braking control).
- Ignition block.
- Injector controller.
- Position throttle valve.
- Motor temperature mode.
Mechanical damage, water from entering the details of the chip, failed attempts to repair the device with their own hands also lead to a breakdown of the electronic control unit.
Contact disorder with sensors occurs due to the lack of electricity, which indicates the occurrence of an internal malfunction in need of mandatory repair. The following phenomena may be signs of the lack of contact:
- data from the scanner does not come;
- messages contain incorrect parameters;
- the check light "Check" does not light up when the ignition is turned on;
- no information O. unstable work Engine.
Timely detection of defects and repair electronic engine control units will prevent stopping in the operation of systems, nodes, car units.
Description of the main reasons for the failure of the ECU
The list of most likely reasons includes the following factors:
- Microcracks in the schemes and housing of the device caused by mechanical effects (blows, strong vibrations).
- A sharp increase in temperature leading to overheating of the motor control unit.
- Destruction of elements of the ECU under the influence of corrosion.
- Moisture penetration inside the controller body due to its depressurization.
- Illiterate repair actions.
- The use of the "cigarette" effect with the engine running to help the neighboring car.
- Changing the position of terminal connections while connecting the battery.
- Lack of power tire connection when the starter is turned on.
The effectiveness of the work of the ECU fully depends on the listed factors, many of which are capable of causing significant harm to the control device.
To prevent the final breakdowns, it is necessary to conduct regular diagnostics of electronic motor control. In order to save on expensive repair and complete replacement of elements of the electronic control system, the check is carried out at least once a year.
Diagnostics of the controller in a garage
On the malfunction that occurred in the engine control unit indicate the following crashes in the car:
- problems with the launch of the motor;
- engine trimmed;
- the appearance of thick smoke;
- reducing the reaction to the gas pedal;
- interruptions in connection with the ECU;
- loss of control over and off the engine fan;
- failures in the work of the ignition coils;
- fuses failure;
- sensors do not send signals.
Thanks to the self-diagnosis system, built into the ECU, you can check and determine the degree of breakage with your own hands. To carry out diagnostic events, you need to connect to the device using a laptop with a program installed to work with the diagnostic data. Instead of a laptop, you can use special testers, oscilloscopes.
The data obtained during the measurement process is compared with indicators that are standard.
Detection of malfunctions arising in the engine control
The causes of the occurrence of the engine control unit are divided into two main types: a faulty conductor or firmware failure. The firmware is restored only with specialists in the service center. Checking electrical parameters can be made with your own hands using a special measuring instrument - multimeter.
To search for breakdown in the wire, you must familiarize yourself with the scheme of the control device. Having studied the location of the conductors, resistors and nutrition there comes a "transverse" of the electrical circuit in the place where the error of the electronic block readings was detected. In the absence of such information, it is necessary to check the wires throughout the scheme.
Algorithm of actions to restore the work of the ECU
To repair the engine ECU, the following operations:
- Detect a breakdown seat.
- Re-measure resistance.
- Find the starting points of the conductor.
- Attach parallel wire with the required resistance using a soldering iron, the old wire is recommended to be left on the spot.
After the events performed, the system should work stably. When repeating errors, the computer needs to contact the service center.
The duration of the service life, safety and reliability of the car depends on the timeliness of the engine control unit.
ECU ( the electronic unit Control) - a device that monitors the parameters of the mechanisms during operation. Usually, the abbreviation of the ECU is used in relation to the engine control unit.
In fact, in the car there are still control blocks brake system (ABS block), body control unit, which is often referred to as Body Control Module (BCM or BSI), climate control unit (climate control) and others.
Principle of operation
The principle of operation of the electronic engine control unit is built on a standard microcontroller architecture. Engine parameters data different sensors Enroll in the ECU, then processed (enhanced, digitized, encoded).
The main processing of data on a specific algorithm produces a microprocessor, which on the output bus gives signals to actuators. These signals are adapted (converted from numbers to analogue, amplified) and entered on the connectors of the electronic control unit.
The tasks solved by the electronic motor control unit include diagnostics of the main nodes. Modern ECUs can identify a variety of errors:
- lack of supply voltage on electronic engine nodes or low power;
- emboss of electrical circuits or short circuit;
- incorrect signals at the output of the sensors;
- ignition pass and injection;
- nonconformity of the ignition angles;
- and many others.
Errors are stored in non-volatile memory up to their deletion using diagnostic devices (valid errors cannot be removed without eliminating the cause of the error).
In cars earlier, errors could be removed temporary (about 15 minutes) by opening the battery from on-board network car.
The ECU together with the immobilizer blocks the operation of the engine in the event of unauthorized access. Each electronic motor control unit makes this function in accordance with the algorithm laid by the manufacturer.
Blocked can:
- ignition signal on the coil;
- fuel injection pulses;
- permission to launch starter and others.
In some cars, the engine can run for a few seconds and stuck.
Scheme
The fundamental circuit diagram of the engine control unit itself is a production secret, and find it even for domestic cars Very problematic.
Therefore, the repair of the ECU is produced only by professional high-level electrics. Usually in the control blocks fail the injection and ignition control transistors, the stabilizers of the reference stresses, firmware flies.
Specialists sometimes specifically change the software firmware in order to increase the engine pickup or reduce fuel consumption.
Video - ECU firmware M74:
To repair electronic engine nodes, an electrical connection circuit is required. Such a scheme can be found in the manuals for the operation and repair of cars, software and technical complexes of the type of Autodata and Tolerance.
For example, consider the organization of the Volksvagen Golf car engine control circuit 3 2001 release, engine MAGNETI MARELLI 1 AV.
Without deepening in the scheme, you can see that the camshaft sensor signals use as the ECU sensors, mass flow air, coolant temperature, oxygen.
The signal coming from the camshaft sensor is shaped:
As executive mechanisms, the ECU controls injectors injection signals, throttle drive, ignition to the coil switch:
ECU is associated with immobilizer, dashboard.
In order to check the electrical connections of the circuit nodes with an electronic motor control unit, it is necessary to know the location of the contact terminals (pinout), which is also provided in the reference books:
Where is the engine control unit
In cars, until the 90s of the release, the most rational location of the engine control unit was considered space in the cabin of the car near the left or right front counter in the field of the passenger's foot or driver. First of all, it was believed that these are the most secure places from the point of view of mechanical damage and moisture penetration.
Video - Transferring ECU on Kalina:
From the mid-90s, the engine control blocks put in podcast space. This is due to the following considerations:
- under the hood easier to search for electrical connections faults;
- all communications with engine sensors and executive mechanisms become shorter, therefore, more reliable;
- The computer has become more reliably defended by moisture with special sealants.
In the absence of reference books, you can easily find the electronic engine control unit, moving along a large wiring harness of the engine control system. It usually represents a small electronic unit in a metal casing with one or several connectors in the end part.
In many cases, get access to inner space block K. electrical scheme Not easy: she is filled with compounds that need to be deleted. The fee, as a rule, contains a small amount of components.
Signs of malfunction of the EBU
Among the auto plays there is an opinion that the electronic engine control system fails to be late. Moreover, it is not always possible to determine the malfunction of the engine control unit.
Indeed, the computer can digit about the nodes connected to it, but to diagnose their own performance in most cases it is unable.
What can indicate a malfunction of the ECU?
The most frequent signs of malfunction are constant burnout of fuses serving the engine control unit. In the practice of operation, there are no discretion cases of connectivity rechargeable battery. In the ECU scheme there are protective diodes for this case. If they make their way, there is a short circuit for nutrition, which leads to constant burnout of the fuses. Faulty must be changed.
Also, a malfunction for nutrition can cause an ACB shutdown during engine operation. In this case, the control unit is powered only from the generator and, if it is faulty, a situation may occur incorrectly submitted to the voltage block.
It is impossible to remove the battery terminals on the running engine (!)How many car enthusiasts do when starting from someone else's battery.
How to check the ECU for performance
The first phase of performance testing is the control of all feeding voltages.
Second phase - computer diagnostics. If the diagnostic device is associated with the engine, this is already a sign of the performance of the ECU.
On the blocking of the block by the immobilizer, then you need to tie the keys.
In some cases, to determine the fault, you must disassemble the computer, that is, remove the sealant and remove the cover by getting access to the board. It can detect running conductive tracks, defective transistors, diodes and other elements.
The most reliable method of checking is to "throw up" an obviously good ECU. But it should be either a non-free or new to "tie" keys and immobilizer.
Sometimes on disassembly, a set of ECU + immobilizer + key chip is sold. In this case there are no problems. Connect to the ECU and immobilizer scheme, the chip is set to the end of the pump coil on the ignition lock, and then start the engine.
Additional protection
For more confident protection of the engine control unit from the reverse battery and can be installed on the supply circuits to install diodes (better powerful stabilizers with a stabilization voltage 15 - 17 volts) in reverse turning on.
Then the overvoltage and cake will lead to the failure of the fuses serving the power supply circuit of the ECU, the increased voltage or the inverse polarity voltage to the control unit will not pass, and this is the greatest danger.
In order to protect the ECU from climatic influences, it is necessary to monitor the quality of the sealant. After five years of operation, it is advisable to take measures to improve tightness, since the former sealant can refuse in conditions of elevated temperatures under the hood.
Video - Protection of the Renault Duster Engine Control Block (Logan, Largus):
You can not close access to the block with additional structures, lay the rag near it. This reduces the natural ventilation of the device, which in the process of the car heats up.
Replacing the engine control unit
If the control unit has failed, and it is not repaired, it should be replaced with a similar one with the same number indicated on the ECU housing.
Sometimes a small deviation is allowed in the room. For example, the change in the last two or three digits may indicate another volume of the engine or modification, which can practically do not affect the technical characteristics.
The electronic motor control unit is rightfully considered one of the most important parts of the car. This device Not in vain called the "brains" of the car, because it is entirely and fully responsible for the stability of almost all vehicle systems.
1
Every year everything appears on the global market more cars, reliability and durability of which directly depends on electronic systems. Absolutely all manufacturers are trying to equip the cars with the latest emblem models. Along with this, the mechanical components in the car are becoming less and less.
Whatever it is, the use of electronics in the automotive industry is fully justified. Manufacturers of motor control units pay a lot of attention to the quality of materials and assembling their products. That is why the "brains" cars are favorably rare. But, as they say, nothing is forever. And even a high-quality ECU will fail sooner or later.
In wide ranges of experts, a list has long been drawn up a list of the most common causes, due to which the ECU breaks. These include:
- damage to mechanically obtained. Engine control unit is damaged from shocks and strong vibrationswhich contribute to the appearance of microcracks in its schemes and package;
- sharp temperatures racing, as a result of which the engine control unit itself overheats;
- corrosion;
- depressurization and moisture getting into the ECU Corps;
- interference with the work of a block of people who do not have the skills for this;
- the so-called "cursing" from the machine with a working engine;
- permutation of terminals when connecting the battery;
- turning on the starter without a connected power bus.
All the above factors affect the efficiency of the engine control unit in different ways. Some of them cause insignificant harm to the "brains" cars, and something can instantly break the block. Fortunately, the way to prevent the final breakdown of the block still is - the diagnosis of the ECU, which is worth performing at least once a year. This can only be saved on expensive repair parts or its complete replacement.
2
Many drivers believe that only professionals should be engaged in checking the engine. In fact, almost every "brains" is still equipped with a built-in self-diagnostic system. With it, it is not difficult to identify any malfunctions with their own hands, even an inexperienced driver.
The engine control unit is a mini-computer that should perform specialized real-time tasks. The latter can be divided into 3 categories:
- processing signals coming from sensors;
- calculation of impacts for managing car systems;
- adjusting the work of the executive mechanisms.
To start checking the status of the engine control unit, we will need to connect to it. You can do this with a special tester or laptop. A program designed to read the diagnostic data should be installed on the last predetermination. Modern cars Equip various models ECU. We will consider performing the diagnostics of the engine control unit on the example of the model Bosch M 7.9.7. It is these "brains" are set on recent models cars VAZ And many foreign cars.
We will conduct diagnostics with your own hands using free program KWP-D.. In addition to the utility, we will need an adapter that supports the protocol Kwp2000.. We start diagnostics from connecting an adapter. One of his end is inserted into the port of the ECU, and the second is in the laptop. After that, we turn on the ignition of the car and run the program. A message should appear on the laptop display that the operation for verifying the availability of errors in the work of the ECU has successfully started. After that, we will see the table with the most important parameters of the machine.
You must pay attention to the DTC section in which all errors issued by the engine are located. If there are such, we go to the "codes" section, where we will see the decoding of all the existing failures. If you do not find errors, it means that the engine is in perfect condition.
Do not ignore other sections of the table. Information in them is no less important. So, the UACC parameter is responsible for the state of the battery. Normal indicators for this section are in the range of 14-14.5 V. If the voltage of your battery is less - it is worth carefully checking the electrical chains. Other important parameter - THR, which is responsible for the position of the throttle. For normal work At idle will show 0%. Otherwise, it is worth contacting a specialist.
Another an important indicatorwho interests all drivers is the Qt parameter that is responsible for. At idle in the section there should be numbers 0.6-0.9 l / h. For more accurate diagnostics, you need to check the voltage in the car ignition candle. Checking all these indicators, the drivers often ignore the crankshaft state when rotating, which corresponds to the Lums_w section. If the numbers in it are more than 4 rev / s is a sign of uneven ignition in the cylinders. It is also worth checking high-voltage wires and candles.
3
Diagnosis and repair of the ECU - the case is not difficult. However, as in any case, it is worth always prepared. In the case of testing "brains" we will have enough inexpensive devices. They will help to fulfill all the work on their own. The first thing you need to have every driver is an oscilloscope. This device gives the necessary information about the operation of all car systems.
The obtained data is displayed in a numerical or graphic form. With the help of oscilloscope, we can compare the available numbers with standard indicators. The cost of the device - in the region of 2-5 thousand rubles. Another important device - This is a motor tester. It is designed specifically to determine the indicators of electronic engine systems. With it, you can get information about the drop of revolutions when you turn off the cylinders and the discharge in the intake manifold. The price of the device fluctuates within 3 thousand rubles.
In the time of the ubiquitous use of carburetors, as the improvement of modern electronics improves and the development, there has been a need to more and more clarify the modes of the car engine. Tightening environmental safety and efficiency requirements vehicleworking on hydrocarbons. The only correct solution was to use microprocessor technologies to calculate the number of dosage fuels at different modes of the car engine operation. Gradually, a transition to an injector fuel injection system with electronic control and the calculation of the necessary values \u200b\u200bbased on microcontrollers was carried out. At the moment there are a wide variety of approaches to the fuel injection management based on a microcomputer, which is called "ECU".
Causes of engine control units.
The calculation of the parameters of any electronic blocks is always made with a large margin of strength and reliability. But the likelihood of ECU failure is impossible to accurately calculate, too many factors of impact, and different conditions operation. Often, when programming the motor control unit (MOTONIC) is allowed inaccuracies, which can cause unpredictable malfunctions, from overheating a microcontroller before the executive mechanisms fail. The above circumstances are often the cause of consignment of car parties by the manufacturer.
We carry out repair of the ECU engine control units, ECU, PCM, ECM, DME, DDE, PMS, PLD and repairing other electronic blocks of car molds and models. We have worked out over the years of work of the methods of repair and knowledge in this area, allow us to repair the electronic control units of the engine of many common cars in record short time. In the section of our site " characteristic malfunctions Car electronics »You can read about typical" diseases "of ECU, PCM, ECM, ABS control units, automatic transmission manufacturers. If your block is not represented in the lists, it does not mean that it cannot fail.
Signs of ECU faults
Lack of signals for controlling nozzles, ignition, fuel pump, valve, or idling mechanism, other actuating mechanisms.
Lack of reaction to lambda - regulation, temperature sensor, throttle position sensor, etc.
Lack of communication with the diagnostic device.
Physical damage (burnt radio elements, conductors).
The diagnostic that the unit is qualified will determine whether the unit is defective and for which function is, for example, in a friendly car service
Causes of ECU fault
1. Unqualified intervention in the car electrician when installing the alarms and repair.
2. "Cursting" from the machine with a running engine.
3. "Interpretation" when connecting the battery.
4. Removing the rechargeable battery terminal on the engine running.
5. Turn on the starter with a disconnected power tire;
6. Entry of the electrode during welding work On sensors or car wiring.
7. Water getting into ECU.
8. Open or closure of wiring.
9. Malfunction of the high-voltage part of the ignition system: coils, wires, distributor
The nature of ECU damage - almost always allows you to recommend to verify those or other engine systems. This is a significant moment, because If the ECU has failed due to the problem in electrical wiring or executive mechanism, simple replacement ECU can not give anything except two, three, etc. burned blocks.
So, the universal algorithm for the troubleshooting of the electrician engine is as follows:
1. Visual inspection, checking the simplest considerations of common sense;
2. Scan ECU, reading fault codes (if possible)
3. ECU inspection or check by replacement (if possible)
4. Verification of ECU operation functions;
5. Verification of ECU execution functions
The repair of the car (brains) of the car can meet several hours, but sometimes this procedure is delayed for several days.
Our experts completely digitate the car and give required recommendations By replacing some components.
It must be done in order to further work there are no longer such problems.
It will be best to change not only fuses of fuel pump and ignition, but also the main one.
It may be necessary to replace the relay and spark plugs.
It is necessary to pay attention to the work of some sensors. First of all it concerns the throttle, crankshaft and air flow.
It is also nice to replace the coil or the ignition module.
More precisely, it will be possible to say after the mandatory diagnostics. And the process repair ECUthe engine (electronic motor control unit) was not delayed and was as fast as possible, it is necessary to bring some documents regarding the car.
Price for repair You can find out one of the phones.
Our car service is located at: Moscow, ul. Academician Scriabin, 19 C.1
An integral part of modern cars is considered electronic motor control unit. It is designed to receive sensor set information and subsequent processing. The processed information receives a specific algorithm, with which the control effect on various motor systems occurs.
Electronic engine control unit (ECU) - How does it work?
Using this device effectively optimizes parameters such as power, fuel consumption, torque, content harmful substances In exhaust gases and others. The design of the electronic unit includes two main types of provision. Using hardware, various electronic components led by a microprocessor are included in the work.
Information coming from the sensor turns into digital signals. This uses a special converter. Part software Parts include functional and control computing modules. They process the received signals and direct them to control actuating devices.In addition, output signals that can be adjusted up to a complete stop.
If necessary, the control unit can be reprogrammed. This happens with significant changes in the design of the engine, for example, when conducting it tuning. To exchange data used special towerWith which all control blocks are combined into a single system.
Repair of the engine control units - how to cope yourself?
Electronic control system diesel engine installed almost at all modern motors This type with various fuel injection systems. Such electronic control is intended mainly to regulate and optimize their work. Thus, the effective functioning of the entire fuel system, turbocharging, intake and graduation system, as well as cooling systems and recycling of exhaust gases.
All electronic control consists of the main unit, input sensors, as well as engine executive devices. Often, many motorists may encounter the need to solve such a question as the repair of the electronic engine control unit. The ability to be the possibility of carrying out such repairs on their own.
From the very beginning it is important to accurately figure out the name of the block, in the case when there are no necessary output parameters. Basically, the device is used ECU., Translated by the electronic control unit. It is using operation in accordance with the sensor input signals that create output signals that control actuating devices.
Causes of the breakdown and repair of the engine control unit
Repair of electronic control units can be needed in the absence of uninterrupted electrical power supply. In this case it is easy to assume an internal malfunction requiring compulsory repairs. Causes can be:
- the lack of data exchange with the scanner and the message of incorrect parameters;
- does not light up control lamp "Check" when the ignition is on;
- with one of the faulty elements, the error fixation is issued.
In addition, the engine may not work correctly, with deviations, but information is not issued.
Timely repair of the engine control units will help to avoid many serious problems. IN modern cars So many systems are closed on this device that in case of any malfunction of the unit, the entire mechanism or its individual nodes and aggregates can be completely stopped. So, we find the culprit of this discussion, the location of which can be clarified in the manual of operation for the car, and we see that this is completely electronics. How to find a problem and solve it in such a variety of schemes, transistors and other small elements?
The reasons for which the ECU gives errors or does not respond to the testimony of any sensors, can be at least two: the conductor has become unusable or the firmware has come down. The firmware is restored independently impossible if you do not specialize in this area, so you will help only in dealer Center. But you can check the electrical parameters, if you have a multimeter at your hand. To know which wires to check on the breakdown, you need to learn reading the scheme of your computer.
