Bus Paz-3205 - a small model of a small class produced at Pavlovsky bus factory. This highly full equipment with compact sizes is perfect for transporting small groups of passengers for small distances. The bus, like most domestic models, does not have special comfort, but perfectly adapted to russian roads and fuel, it has good permeability, simple in the design. Tall ground clearance Allows you to use technique in off-road conditions.
History of creation
The prototype of PAZ-3205 was Paz-665, created in 1966. Initially, 2 versions were developed - for urban and tourist traffic. Tourist buses They differed more comfortable internal equipment. However, the initial tourist modification of the groove was not massively produced. Improving the model of the model lasted for almost 15 years, during which time 10 different options were created.
The PAZ-3205 model in the form we know now appeared after the choice of the Gorky Automobile Plant is the main supplier of aggregates and nodes. The first buses of this modification were issued in 1981. After carrying out activities to improve the design in 1986, the production of small volumes of the PAZ-3205 model began. Serial technology began in 1989. In its configuration, two types of engines were used - gasoline and diesel. Doors - front automatic, rear - emergency, bridge - from the car gas, brakes - hydropneumatic.
PAZ-3205 modifications
In 2009, after the removal of the initial model, the development of its advanced modifications continued. Comprehensive modernization of the groove-3205 presentation in the replacement of products of Ukrainian and Belarusian production into German nodes and aggregates, in the appearance of plastic decoration of gray and anti-corrosion tape at the body joints, developing new passenger seats and cargo compartment. New grade The heating system provided the possibility of using cars even into severe frosts. Since 2002, the whole equipment is equipped with ABS system.
PAZ-320570-04. Technique with a certificate for the transport of children. Seats - separate, soft, located on the podium. At the entrance and in the cabin there are additional handrails. Additional heating devices are provided.
Specifications PAZ-3205
The length of the bus is 7 m, the width is 2.5 m, the height is 2.9 m, the weight is 4.83 tons. Other technical parameters:
- the highest speed in a low-loaded state is 90 km / h, in a fully loaded - 60 km / h;
- fuel consumption 100 km - 32 l;
- cabin capacity - 41-42 people;
- quantity seating — 23-25;
- service place - 1;
- brake system - double-circuit pneumatic;
- PPC - 4- or 5-speed.
The advantages of the PAZ-3205 and its modifications
The insufficient comfort of these buses is compensated by a number of pros, thanks to which the brainchild of the Pavlovsky bus factory is widely used on the roads of Russia for several decades:
- A wide range that allows you to select a modification that optimally complies with the planned purpose, loading, routes, climate features.
- The ability to order an individual configuration of a car intended to provide emergency care, laboratory services, maintenance of various populations.
- Simplicity and convenience of design, the possibility of using in complex road conditions.
- The ability to repair the driver by the driver. While modern buses of imported production, equipped electronic blocks And other technically advanced devices can only be repaired in the conditions of specialized services.
- High reliability, thanks to which this machine is effectively operated on urban, village, rural roads, for the service of industrial and agricultural enterprises.
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Introduction
1. General characteristics
1.1 Engine
1.2 Transmission
1.3 Wheels and Tires
1.4 Suspension
1.5 Torkes
1.6 Steering
1.7 Electrical equipment
1.8 Mass of aggregates
1.9 Other
2. Transmission
2.1 Clutch
2.2 Transmission
2.3 Cardan transfer
2.4 Main Transfer
2.4.1 Single hypoid main transfer
2.5 Differity
2.5.1 Gears Symmetrical Differential
2.6 semi-axis
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introduction
History of Pavlovsky Bus Plant
The history of the groove began to be laid back at the beginning of the 20th century. The construction of the Pavlovsky Bus Plant began in early August 1930. At that time, he was known as the automotive tool factory. But by the beginning of 1932, construction was completed and on December 5, 1932, the plant was recognized as valid. Such a kind of tool was the main production orientation of the Pavlovsky Bus Plant until 1952 with a break for 1941-1945. (In the war years, the enterprise was aimed at the production of ammunition).
Education of the PAZ auto plant
Decree of the Government of the USSR In 1952, the factory of the autotractor tool becomes Pavlovsky bus due to the deficit public transport (Negative consequences of war). The plan for the reconstruction of the plant and the program for the release of 10,000 buses was also approved. The first party begins to be made, which consists of five trap buses of the PAZ-651 model.
In 1989, the last time from the factory was released the PAZ-672 model. At the end of the same year, the serial release of the current base model of the GRA-3205 bus was launched without stopping the production process. This bus model became the face of the PAZ auto plant. It was also developed by the factory engineers about thirty modifications of a given bus, which were intended for operation in various climatic conditions. Serially also produced about 10 modifications. This bus model of the groove perfectly proven itself on the roads of our country, which was noted directly by passengers.
In 2000, production was aimed at making large (groa-5272) buses and middle class (Paz-4230 "Aurora"). In the same year, the PAZ car factory was attached to the Ruspromavto control company. Pavlovsky bus factory has repeatedly confirmed its reputation as the largest and leading russian manufacturer buses.
In 2000, restructuring and optimization of production processes was also begun, and already in 2003, it covered all the divisions of the Pavlovsky bus factory, which led to excellent results. This is viewed in combining workshops to one case:
Welding and paint;
Presses;
Metal shop.
At optimizing the production of the plant, the groove was paid close attention, and therefore, work was launched in the assembly shop on the methods of Toyota. The result was on the face.
1. General characteristics
Small class of a rural message Paz-3205.
Body - wagon type, supporting design, 3-door (one door for the driver, one - for passengers and one emergency). Seat layout 4-row. Aggregates - GAZ-3307 and GAZ-66-11, respectively. Engine location - front. The driver's seat is adjustable in front of the pillow and mass. The heating system is air, using the heat of the engine cooling system.
1.1 Engine
Maud. ZMZ-672-11, gasoline, V-arr. (900), 8 cyl., 92.x80 mm, 4.25 l, compression ratio 7.6, work order 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8; Power 88.3 kW (120 hp) at 3200-3400 rpm; torque 284.5 N-M (29 kgf kgf) at 2000-2500 rpm; K-135 carburetor; air filter inertia and oil.
1.2 Transmission
The clutch is one-piece, shutdown drive - hydraulic. Gearbox 4-st., Transmit. Numbers: I-6.65; II-3.09; III-1.71; IV-1.00; Zh-7,77; Synchronizers - on III and IV transmissions. Disposal box (in PAZ-3206) 2-stupas. Transmit. Numbers: 1-1,963; 11-1.00. Cardan transmission: PAZ-3205 consists of two shafts with intermediate support; PAZ-3206 - three cardan transmissions: from the engine to the transfer box and from the transfer box to the bridges. Main transmission - single, hypoid, transmit. Number 6.83.
1.3 Wheels and Tires
Wheels - disk, rims 6.0b-20 with onboard rings, fastening on 6 studs. Tires 8.25R20 (240R508), per PAZ-3205 - mod.k-84 or KI-63, NS - 10, tread pattern - universal, pressure, kgf / cm. sq. : mod. K-84 - front 6.0, rear 5.0; Maud. KI-63 - front 6.1, rear 5.0. On the Paz-3206 - mod bus. K-55A; Ns - 10, tread pattern - universal, pressure, kgf / cm. square: Front 6.0, rear 4.3. The number of wheels 6 + 1.
1.4 Suspension
Dependent, front - on semi-elliptic springs, two shock absorber. The rear is the same, with adjusting springs, the bottom of the shock absorber. On the Paz-3206 front and rear suspensions - with a stabilizer transverse stability.
1.5 Torkes
The working brake system is a double-circuit, with a pneumohydraulic drive, drumming mechanisms (diameter of 380 mm, width of overlays 100 mm), spin - cam. Parking brake - Transmission - drum, drive - mechanical. A spare brake is one of the circuits of the working brake system. Pressure in the pneumatic drive of the brakes 5.2-5.5 kgf / cm. There is a fuse against condensate freezing.
1.6 Steering
Maud. MAZ-5336-34000 10-60, steering mechanism - screw with ball nut and sector, hydraulic. Transmit. Number 23.55, nom, pressure in an amplifier 65-70 kg / cm. sq. Right steering wheel with an enhancer to 150.
1.7 Electrical equipment
Voltage 12 V, accumulator battery 6T-105EMS, G287 generator with built-in rectifier and voltage regulator RP132, starter ST230-A, distributor P133-B, transistor switch TK1 02, ignition coil B116, Candles A11-3.
1.8 Mass of aggregates
· Engine with equipment and clutch - 304 kg
· Cardan Val. - 27 kg
· Transmission - 56 kg
· Dressing box - 48.5 kg
· Front axle - 195 kg
· Rear axle - 270 kg
· Body - 2100 kg
· Wheel assembly with a tire - 80 kg
· Radiator - 18.5 kg
1.9 Other
· Fuel tank - 105 liters
· Cooling system - 25l, water or Tosol A-40;
· Engine lubrication system - 10 l, all season M-8B, or M6 / 10B, winter ASP-6;
· Carter steering mechanism 1.5 l, TAP-15B;
· Steering hydraulic power system - 3.2 liters, all-season brand P, substitutes: summer turbine brand T, winter spherical AU;
· Transmission - ZL, TAP-15B or TSP-15K;
· transfer case - 1.5 liters, TAP-15B or TSP-15K;
· Carter rear bridge - 8.2 liters, TSP-14GIP;
· Carter front Bridge - 7.7 liters, TSP-14GIP;
· hydraulic system Drive brakes and clutch - 1.47 l, brake fluid "Tom";
· Shock absorbers - 4x0,475 l, as well as 12t;
· Windshield washer tank - 2 l, niiss-4 liquid in a mixture with water;
· Fuse from the freezing of the brake system - 0.2 liters, technical alcohol.
2. Transmission
Torque created on crankshaft shaft The engine is transmitted to the drive wheels of the car through the aggregates and transmission mechanisms.
In the groove - 3205 leading wheels are the rear and power transmission consists of clutch, gearbox, cardan transmission, main transmission, differential and semi-axes.
2.1 Clutch
The clutch serves as a short-term disconnection of the engine from the transmission (when switching gears in the gearbox) and a smooth connection of the engine and a transmission (when starting from the place).
The principle of the clutch is that the torque is transmitted due to the friction arising between the leading and driven discs pressed to each other with springs.
The clutch is installed on the flywheel, which is one of its leading drives.
The grip of the groove - 3205 is arranged and works as follows (see Fig. 1). To the grinding surface of the flywheel, twelve springs (12) through the pressure disk (4) pressed the slave disk (3). The hub driven disk is installed on the slots of the leading shaft (9) of the gearbox. Thus, when the clutch is turned on, the torque from the flywheel is transmitted due to the friction of the slave disk and then through the drive shaft of the transmission to the subsequent transmission mechanisms.
Clutch drive mechanical. To turn off the adhesion, it is necessary to press the pedal (16) so that the thrust (14) with the adjusting nut (13) turned the lever (18) of the fork, which will move over the sleeve (8) with the bearing (20). The coupling will turn around its axes the inner ends of the levers (5), and their external ends will take the pressure disk, squeezing the springs located between the steel stamped housing (11) of the clutch and the disk (4). The slave disk is released, and the torque subsequent mechanisms will not be transmitted. If you release the pedal, it moves under the action of the springs (15 and 19) and the clutch will turn on again.
The thrust ball bearing mounted in the coupling reduces the friction between it and the ends of the levers at the time of the clutch is turned off. The plug (18) is fixed on the clutch crankcase (2) with a ball support.
When the clutch is turned on, its parts are heated due to friction between the leading and driven discs. The heat-insulating washers located between the pressure disk and springs, reduce heat transfer to springs that lose the elastic properties when heated.
Clutch disc. Six spring wavy plates and two friction linings are glued to the steel slave disk. The linings are made of pressed asbestos fiber impregnated with bakelite or synthetic resins, and have an increased coefficient of friction.
This still used for the transportation of passengers in settlements and outside the city is a small bus fairly easy to use and economical. Specifications available in PAZ 3205 allow it to be popular with consumers.
How the model was created
As a prototype of the buse, the 665th model was used to 3205, which was developed in 1966 in Pavlovsk, at the bus factory. The first copy came off the conveyor in 1981. At the same time, flaws were discovered, eliminated which were possible in several years. And only in 1989, Pavlovsky buses began to be released serially.
A compact model with two automatic doors was popular in the entire USSR. But the collapse of the country and the economic crisis was the causes of the fall in the capacity of the Pavlovsky plant. Despite this, the enterprise produced urban modification and a model equipped with a diesel engine MMZ.
At the end of the nineties, the volume of the release of Pavlovsky buses was unexpectedly increased, although the crisis continued. But carriers could not afford to acquire expensive roomy vehicles and paid their attention to cheap grooves.
Against the background of growing popularity, numerous emergencies on the roads were noted, where the groove 3205 was the culprit. The causes of the accidents often became errors when operating transport and not very reliable brakes.
Over time appearance And the filling of the PAZ-3205 model gradually upgraded. But even this does not interfere vehicle To hopelessly outdated. Now more modern models of Pavlovsky buses are being developed.
Description of the power aggregate
Gasoline Motor ZMZ-672-11 Pavlovsky bus, located inside, is characterized by:
- the placement of cylinders in the amount of 8 pieces in the form of the letter "V";
- with a capacity of 120 horsepower;
- 4.25 liters;
- compression degree of 7.6;
- maximum torque of 284 nm;
- inertia and oil air filter.
Type of transmission
Pavlovsk buses are equipped:
- five-speed (or four-stage) mechanical, synchronized checkpoint;
- one-piece dry clutch having a spinning oscillation damper and hydraulic engineering;
- shutdown hydraulics;
- two-channel cardan transmission having an intermediate support;
- two-stage dispensing unit.
Description of wheels and tires
On Pavlovsk buses installed six wheels on the disks (with one spare). 8.25R20 tires with a versatile tread pattern are used.
Suspension parameters
Paz-3205 are equipped:
- dependent spring pendants ahead;
- dependent spring suspensions behind;
- two shock absorbing devices on each suspension of Pavlovsky bus.
Description of brakes
On the PAZ-3205 models set:
- workers drum brake systems with two contours, having pneumo hydraulic drive;
- brakes for the drum model, with a mechanical type drive;
- spare brakes.
Steering Characteristics
In Pavlovsk buses, a node has a hydraulic steering amplifier with a gear ratio of 23.55 and a nominal pressure of 70 kg / cm 2. With the engineered groove the permissible indicator free travel Steering - no more than 150.
Elements of electrical equipment
In PAZ-3205 installation is made:
- 6T-105EMS batteries;
- generators having a built-in rectifier and voltage regulator;
- st230-A starters;
- distributors p133-b;
- switches TK1 02;
- ignition coils B116;
- a11-3 candles.
Pavlovsky bus is able to accelerate to ninety kilometers per hour and can accommodate thirty-eight passengers.
Description of used liquids and tanks
The tank for fuel is designed for a hundred five liters.
- tosol A-40 for cooling systems (25 l);
- oils for all seasons M-8B, M6 / 10B, winter ASP-6 for engines (10 l);
- TAP-15B in steering systems (1.5 liters);
- oils for all seasons "P" for GUR (3.2 l);
- TSP-15K in PPC (3 l) and handouts (1.5 liters);
- TSP-14GIP in rear cranks (8.2 liters) and front (7.7 liters) grooves grooves;
- "Tom" in the hydraulics of the brakes and the clutch of the Pavlovsky bus (1.47 l);
- AJ 12T in shock-absorbing devices of the groove (475 ml per each);
- Niiss-4, diluted with water, for windshield carriers of windshields (2 l);
- alcohol (technical) for freezing fuse in brake systems (200 ml).
Which bus in our country can be called the most massive? Many, not thinking about this question. Of course, "Pazik". So it was nicknamed in the people. A Pavlovsky bus factory was assigned to the name of the groove 3205 and in the line of passenger buses produced by the enterprise base model For a variety of modifications.
Despite the fact that the first buses of the 3205 buses left the conveyor still soviet timeThey are still widely used for passenger traffic in rural areas, on urban routes, and also serve large enterprises as a service transport. Pazics are often required for the transportation of workers, construction teams or workers, workers to the Watch method. The age for them is not a hindrance - "folk" buses do not surrender their positions and are in demand in the domestic market.
What caused such popularity of this, it would seem obsolete in all the parameters of transport? Firstly, maintenance Paz 3205 does not cause any difficulties. Secondly, small dimensions make a bus easy to manage and maneuverable, which is certainly important, taking into account its operation on urban routes. And finally, the road carriers cannot but attract lower, compared to the majority of passenger buses, the price "Pazika". New production machines 2013-2014. The manufacturer offers at a price of 1,100,000 rubles. At the same time, the customer can choose both modification and a busement. The cost of used cars of 10-15 years old begins from 100 - 150 thousand rubles.
From the history of the creation
But, let's go back a little back, in 1981, when the first samples of the PAZ 3205, the PAZ 665 served to create this model, served as the designer, which was developed by designers in 1966. True, this model remained experimentally, even despite the awards that she received in 1967 at the Annual International Exhibition-Auto Show in France. This was due to the fact that at this time they prepared the other, constructed several years earlier, model PAZ 672. After the development of 665 models, the plant design bureau continued to actively work on creating new models of buses, however, they have suffered the same fate that And the predecessor - their release was never adjusted. The main reason was the refusal of the Likhachev plant to supply PPC, bridges and the steering mechanism, which was supposed to establish new buses.
The first machine with an index 3205 was a two-door passenger busOne door of which opened automatically, the other is mechanically. Analogue, with two automatically open doors, received an index 32051. These prototypes, with Gas main nodes, were collected in 1981. True, they needed revision - the components of the Gorky Automobile plant were less reliable. Therefore, only in 1986 the petrolery production of "Pazikov" began, and the mass release was established in the end of 1989.
By the beginning of the 90s new model Fully outed from the conveyor morally and technically outdated by the time the grooves 672. And just in a couple of years, from 1989 to 1991, the buses of the 3205 buses appeared in almost all corners of our immense homeland. Despite the collapse of the USSR and a sharp decline in production, in 191, the issue of 32051 passenger bus was established for urban transport, and later than other modifications of this model. In total, with the beginning of the production of "Pazika", more than 30 modifications differing in their intended purpose and configuration were created, which are successfully operated throughout the post-Soviet space for more than 20 years.
Modifications of the model
Buses of the grooves 3205 are intended for urban and suburban passenger traffic. Transport refers to a small class, since it has quite compact dimensions - 6,925 x 2 500 x 2 960 mm. The most popular are the modifications of the bus 32053 and 32054 in various versions created on the basis of the base model 3205. In addition to various purposes, the cars are distinguished by the passenger capacity (as a rule, 36-42 people), the number of seats (19-6) and some technical characteristics. The 3205 groove can be used as a cargo-passenger transport, for example, for the transportation of brigades of construction workers and appropriate equipment. For these purposes, a modification of 322053-20 was created, which is equipped with a cargo compartment. At the same time, its area, depending on the execution, can be from 5.3 to 15 sq.m.
Construction of Pavlovsk buses of this model Row - The most simple. All-metal body groove 3205, as well as most buses, is carrier and has wagon layout. You can get into the salon through a two-sided folding door with a pneumatic drive located in front of the bus. There is also an emergency door - it is located in the rear. Modification with an additional door, which received the 32054 index, is more convenient to operate on urban routes, since transportation time is reduced at stops. The partition between the cabin and the driver's workplace is not provided, but, choosing the "Pazik" it is difficult to expect something else from it.
As for the Salon of the PAZ 3205, then it is difficult to name spacious and comfortable. Despite the fact that the seats are soft enough and the distance between them is rather big, to withstand a long trip in such a bus is quite difficult. In addition, rigid suspension and significant rolls of cars do not deliver special pleasure when moving. High floors, narrow entrance and steep steps can also cause difficulties at entering / out, especially among representatives of the older generation. It is not surprising that many consider this bus archaic and uncomfortable. But ... the reality is such that carriers prefer cheaper, although they do not have a sufficient degree of comfort models of transport, because they are quite profitable. And what else do you need to entrepreneurs?
In addition, the repair of 3205 Most drivers can carry out own forces and costs for it, due to the fact that the main parts and nodes russian productionminimum. And eliminate possible breakdowns The engine located in the front of the machine is much easier than, let's say, buses with rear location power plant or in capotic models. Access to the engine can be obtained without leaving the cabin, and for repair in winter time This is a huge plus.
Technical characteristics of the bus
Popular buses manufacturer engines ZMZ. and MMZ. The carburetor aggregate of ZMZs with a working volume of 4.67 liters has a power of 130 hp and complies with Euro-2 standards. The fuel consumption indicator in machines with this engine is 20.5 liters. The diesel engine MMZ is considered more economical in operation, its fuel consumption is 19 liters. At the same time, the power of a 4-cylinder 4,75 liter unit is 122 hp True, the Minsk engine that is installed on the groove 3205 is very noise. But, what else to wait from the "tractor" motor?
The type of gearbox that is completed with the bus depends on the engine. So, petrol motor Works in a pair with a 4-speed gearbox, like gas 3307 having a simple and reliable device. The Minsk engine installed on the groove 3205 is combined with a 5-speed CAAZ 3206. Clutch in all models - one-piece with hydraulic drive. Pneumatic brakes 3205 with drum type mechanisms have a hydraulic drive. From 2002 buses are equipped with ABS. According to the scheme, the electrical equipment of the PAZ 3205 has a voltage of 12 V.
Of course, since the beginning of the release of this model, a lot of years has passed since the beginning of this model, and it is not surprising that the plant has not yet been upgraded with a wide demanded among the carriers of the bus PAZ 3205. First of all, the changes touched upon by many problems of details and nodes domestic production. So russian market Appeared "Paziki" with German engines "Deutz", "Cummins" or Polish Andoria. The cabin of the bus was also finalized: the walls of the wall became plastic, the floor was styled well impregnated with plywood, the galvanized steel was used for the door, and the glasses were protective profiles. To date, these small buses are successfully operated as urban transport enterprisesand various companies.
Photo of the bus
