A device that allows you to prepare the engine to a light launch and fill the interior with warmth, is still considered an element of luxury. But it is really able to save health - both yours and the car.
The cold engine start - a heavy test for all its systems, comparable to several tens of mileage kilometers in not the most simple conditions. The driver and passengers also have to be disadvantaged: the frozen fingers do not keep the steering wheel, the cold from the seats gets almost to the spine, and the couples from breathing to frozen on the glasses. But how nice to sit in the salon, where there is almost indoor temperature, reset the shy movements of gloves, caps and scarves and do not wait until the injured glass is fattened ...
So living in the cold regions there is a reson to spend not on the leather interior and all sorts of frills, but on the preheater. Its installation allows not only to extend the life of the engine, but also save fuel, which cold Engine Consumes where it is more willing.
Liquid heaters: golosuem for autonomy
Perhaps the most common can be considered autonomous liquid heaters. In essence, this is a stove working on gasoline or diesel. The pump shakes fuel from the tank into the combustion chamber where the fuel-air mixture is prepared. It is set on fire from a hot ceramic pin, which, unlike metallic, to achieve operating temperature Quite a small current, which saves battery charge.
The heater warms the liquid from the car cooling system, pumping antifreeze through its heat exchanger. The heat is transmitted to the engine and the standard stove radiator. When the liquid heats up to about + 30 ° C, the cabin fan is turned on.
As soon as the temperature reaches the desired value (more than 70 ° C), the heater goes to the "half" mode, and then to the standby mode, leaving the device to clean the combustion chamber, the liquid pump and the fan of the standard heating system. When the temperature of the coolant is dropped at about 20 ° C, the cycle is repeated.
The system has both the summer mode when the air in the cabin is blown from time to time with a fan. The air conditioner is not activated - to reduce the temperature at least to the "fear" manner and without his participation.
Includes autonomous heater different ways. The easiest and affordable - timer in the cabin, which can be programmed the time of inclusion and duration of work. It is convenient if you regularly go to the same time. Variable graph is preferable to remote control. Radiopult acts within a radius of approximately one kilometer, if urban development does not interfere. It allows you to turn on-turn off the heater or program it. The most advanced solution is a GSM module that controls the stove through commands from a mobile phone. Theoretically, you can include heating from any point of the planet, if only you and the car were in the network coverage area.
In Russia, the most popular devices of two German brands - Webasto and Eberspacher. They produce models for cars of different types and engine volume, as well as offer a wide selection of ways to start the heater and control them. There are also Russian counterparts, for example, the Samara "Teplostar", which is two times cheaper than "Germans" and is also issued in various modifications.
Heat battery: stock heat
Officially, this device is called a thermal battery. In fact, it is a large thermos in which the liquid is the same volume as in the cooling system. While the engine works, the fluid in the thermos is constantly updated, supporting the supply of "boiling water". Before starting, a separate pump changes cold and hot antifreeze places. From the thermos for 10-15 seconds, the fluid is fed into the cooling system, and the motor is quickly warmed - you can start. Warm air immediately begins to the salon.
The main thing in the operation of such devices is the regularity of travel. It is believed that with a moderate Moscow winter, it will warm the heat in the "thermos" about three days, but with a lot of cold, it is desirable to resume the supply of "boiling water" every day.
For the first time, the thermal battery suggested a constructor Oscar Shatz in Canada, the first models of the "thermos" appeared there under the CENTAUR brand, which is still considered the leader to this day. However, the palm of the championship challenges and domestic manufacturers. In Russia, there are own successful developments, among which the Madi Autoplus Madi brand is particularly known. Also in our market products brand "Avtoterm" are promoted.
Electric heater: in search of outlet
Another popular solution is suggested by a home boiler. What is easier - to build the heater into the cooling system, of course, complying with the rules of fire safety. Actually, it looks like the simplest electric heaterwhose connectors are usually displayed on the front bumper and with the help of wires are connected to a normal outlet.
But for the full comfort of the base kit, perhaps is not enough. The logical addition will be a separate heating module with a fan, heating the interior before the completion of a regular stove. Another necessary element is a device for recharging the battery - in the cold time it will not be superfluous. And if you turn on-off the system on the frost you do not have a hand, you can install a separate module with a timer or kit remote control. True, the price of a complete set differs from the initial "boiler" at times. We, as well as in Europe, distributed products of the Norwegian brand DEFA, which is recognized as a model in this segment. There are both Russian counterparts, for example, under the Severst brand.
Only without amazing!
Folk technical thought in cold Russia constantly looking for ways to start the engine into severe frosts. The fancy inventions based on the soldering lamp, wire spirals and other subframes were born. Some handicraft products of unknown firm even flashed on semi-faceted car markets. What is the electric spiral, which is inserted instead of the design of the "designers" oil affection And connects to the battery. Not only is the oil has a low thermal conductivity and warm it, the "planting" frozen battery, the case is low-prospective. There is a fire or short circuit near the fire. So it is better not to look for light and cheap paths. No matter how much to revive the frozen iron friend, preference should be given only to verified certified products.
Many manufacturers of foreign cars, orienting the sale of their cars on russian market, offer models with installed autonomous preheater engine and interior. This option is especially valuable in the regions with a long winter season. It is not necessary to defeat those motorists who, who do not have machines are not equipped with the engine's factory preheater. Buy it and establish on any brand of the car currently does not represent problems in any region of the country. The question is more important here about how effective is the equipment and whether it is worth the costs that are necessary for its acquisition and installation.
For this, the engine preheater is needed in winter
What does the preheater consist of and what
Depending on the purpose and principle of operation, the preheater may be a device of various dimensions and power used to heat the engine without its cold start. In addition, it can be used to heat the cabin, windshield and janitors. Offline equipment includes a boiler with a combustion chamber and a radiator, a pipeline system for transmitting fuel, pumps that swing fuel and coolant. It also includes thermostat, controlling the climate system fan, the electronic unit Control and launch device of the heater.
Liquid Preheater Thermo Top
Types of automotive preheaters
1. Autonomous engine preheater
For purpose and device Autonomous Preheaters divided into liquid and air types.
Autonomous Liquid Preheaters
Video: Webasto or Hydronic (Webasto or Hydronic) What is better
Designed for heating both the engine and the cabin. They are called so because they work through the burning of gasoline or diesel fuel from the car's tank. They are mounted in the engine compartment and connect to the liquid cooling system of the motor. Heated air applies to internal car ducts. The system is economical on fuel and electricity consumption, during operation does not produce strong noise. Used to heat all types of engines internal combustion - gasoline, diesel, gas-balloon and combined.
Autonomous airborne prehea heaters
Designed for an accelerated increase in air temperature only in the cabin. They are installed in the car's cabin and are used mainly in passenger minibuses, wrappers and kungahs, freight "long-range" machines. They can heat the air in the cabin to a predetermined temperature. Also working silently and consume some electricity. Unlike liquid devices, air devices have large dimensions and performance, so the fuel consumption is somewhat higher. The most popular in the country such brands of German production heaters like Webasto Thermo Top Evo 5 and Eberspasher Hydronic.
The principle of operation of the liquid preheater engine
This works autonomous liquid engine heater
The device is turned on to work from a remote control, timer or cell phone. Startup pulse, falling onto an electronic unit, produces a control signal that feeds the supply voltage to the actuator engine. Motor, rotating, moves fuel pump Heater and fan. The pump begins to swing fuel in the burner, where the fuel-air mixture is created using the evaporator and the stubble pin.
The combustible mixture is injected with a fan flammable in the combustion chamber spark candle ignition. The heat formed during the combustion of fuel, through the heat exchanger is transmitted to the working fluid of the engine cooling system. The liquid circulates in the cooling circuit under the action of the puming pump of the preheater included in this circuit. The heated liquid in the circulation process transmits the engine the heated housing.
When the coolant temperature is reached, 30 degrees with automatically triggered the car cooling radiator fan. Begins to enter the salon. When the toosol or antifreeze is heated to 72 degrees with a reduction in fuel supply to the burner half, and the system goes to a reduced operation mode. The liquid is cooled to 56 degrees and the entire process is cyclically repeated.
By design, the liquid autonomous engine preheater is similar to the cabin automotive heater and is a burner on liquid fuel (gasoline or diesel engine). Even in terms of cost, they differ slightly, not to mention the principle of work. However, at the place of installation and the principle of heating, they are fundamentally different.
In heaters, the burner heats directly the air supplied to the car's salon, and in the preheater, it warms the coolant, which, in turn heats the engine and the standard stove. In order to effectively work the heating of the cabin, it is not necessary to forget the installation of the handle of the stove control on the minimum mode "heat". In this case, the control circuit of the heater at the desired moment will automatically turn on the fan, pumping the warm air into the cabin on the standard air duct system. The result of this work will be noticeable from published, the car's windows in the frost morning will be dry and transparent. In the cockpit, it will be warm and cozy, the wipers can not be removed overnight, it is possible to sit down and immediately go to the road.
A convenient function is remote control of the operation of the pre-heater of the internal combustion engine. It can be enabled using the key on the keychain with the keys from the machine while at home. It is necessary to do this at least half an hour before departure (depending on the frost on the street) so that the cooling fluid and the motor do to warm up to the desired temperature, and the engine start process has passed without complications. There are systems S. automatic start From the built-in timer, which is necessary before locking the machine to set the desired inclusion time.
2. Electric Preheater HEAT
Device and diagram of the electric heater engine
An alternative to the autonomous system is an electrical heater, which is a spiral electric heater inserted into the cylinder block power aggregate and operating from the external power grid 220V. The executive element in this system is a small electrical spiral, installed in the cylinder block.
From the block of cylinders when installing the spiral, the silt-made plug is removed, the helix instead and is mounted. Under the action of high voltage through the spiral flows, and it heats the antifreeze. The circulation of fluid in the cooling system is due to the natural convection. It is less productive than with the artificial handling of the pump, and takes a much longer time. The most vivid representatives of the electric heater are the Defa Warmup models and the Severste leader.
The most acceptable is this installation when parking cars in garages and parking, equipped with electrical outlets. If you leave the car on the street or in the courtyard, then you will not need such a heater, as there will be no place to connect it. The disadvantage is that it consumes a lot of electricity. To ensure economical operation of the device, it is equipped with a timer that allows you to establish the required fluid temperature.
When you go to the installed, the helix is \u200b\u200bautomatically turned off or turns on to work. Accordingly, it occurs cooling or heating the working fluid, which in the process of convection supports the motor in warm condition. The standard options of the motor electrical heater are:
- heating the working fluid in the cooling system of the motor;
- salon heating at the expense of filing warm air through a regular stove;
- battery charge.
The principle of heating the motor in the electrical heater is the same as in the autonomous system. Heat transmission is also carried out by heating the working fluid in the cooling system. The difference lies in the method of heating using an external power source. It makes it possible to apply additional option - which is particularly in demand in winter conditions when low temperatures Contribute to its discharge and lowering of the tank.
3. Thermal batteries
The principle of operation of thermal batteries is based on the accumulation of hot working fluid in the cooling system and preserving its temperature unchanged for a long time (2 days). In such a system, when you start a motor, hot antifreeze or antifreeze performs a short circulation along the abbreviated circuit, quickly warming the engine. Classical representatives of such systems - "AVTOTERM", "GOLFRIM", UOPD-0.8.
What gives the use of preheaters
Professional drivers recognize the presence of an autonomous or electrical preheater of the motor with a prerequisite for the configuration modern carguaranteeing the necessary healthy working conditions in winter operation. For trucks operated in Europe, this principle has been respected for a long time. From the point of view of security management, their use contributes to the improvement of comfort and reduce the driver's fatigue. Among other things, the heaters contribute to improving the economy and durability of motors. This is achieved at the expense:
Video: Engine Preheater
1. Reducing the number of "cold" engines. It is estimated that on average, each driver produces from 300 to 500 "cold" launches. At the same time, special studies in this area, produced by famous European companies, it was found that in recalculating one "cold" launch, the use of preheating of the motor reduces fuel consumption from 100 to 500 ml. The value of savings depends on the temperature of the outer air and the duration of the heating. Thus, by rough calculations, the use of preheating from autonomous heaters saves for one winter season From 90 to 150 liters of gasoline or diesel fuel.
2. Reducing heavy operation modes that increase engine wear. The overwhelming proportion of the engine wear falls on the period of its launch. This is due to the fact that at the moment of "cold" launch viscosity machine oil Increased and lubricating properties are lowered. At the same time, the friction of the surfaces of moving parts increased and increased wear in connecting rod crank and piston nodes. One "cold" launch reduces the resource of the power unit by 3-6 hundred kilometers of the mileage. Russian climate with 100 days in the year of minus temperatures can give a reduction in the engine resource in one season for 80 thousand km.
3. Enhance security and comfort in driving. The cold contributes to the increased heat transfer and fast fatigue. Driving and lethargy increases, the driver's care is reduced. Driving mode becomes more irrational. In addition, the risk of diseases by such professional diseases as cervical, lumbar osteochondrosis, ORZ is increasing.
In the northern regions, the problem of launching a motor in the cold is relevant - frost thickens oil, complicating crankshaft turning and worsens the evaporation of the fuel, reduces the accumulator tocottation. Even the difference in the thermal expansion of individual details plays a role: the piston with a floating floor of the finger on the cold snacks it, and the bottom head of the steel connecting rod is shrinking stronger than the cast-iron crankshaft.
Therefore, heading the engine, it is necessary to warm it up in order not to risk the breakdown at the beginning of the movement. Here reveals minus already diesel engines: At idle, they slowly heated even in the summer, warm the diesel in the winter is impossible in winter. Progazovka in the cold - a considerable risk of grinding of the crankshaft liners, laying beds of camshafts.
The practice of preheating the engine is as old as the cars themselves - and now you can see how the motor is heated by a soldering lamp. But this method is inconvenient and unsafe. So the homemade, and the factory systems of the engine preheater appeared long ago and continue to maintain relevance.
Operating principle
The idea of \u200b\u200bthe engine preheater is simple: since the motor is filled with antifreeze, then heating antifreeze from an extraneous source, it will be possible to evenly warm and engine itself. Working gaps between the details will return to normal, oil will warm up (it will warm up in the pallet from the heat of the crankcase and on many machines after the launch will start passing through an inlet-oil heat exchanger) and an intake manifold. For diesel engines and motors with distributed injection, it is less relevant, carburetor motor heating collector and the carburetor itself in the area of \u200b\u200bthe system idle move We are necessary. Part of the heat motor will give and the gearbox, which is also important. Sitting into the car, you can immediately defrost the glass.
Preheater are divided into two categories
- Electric.
- Autonomous.
The simplest preheating electrical heaters are the beans in metal nozzles embedded in the lower nozzle of the radiator. Such designs are self-made due to simplicity, in the northern regions of Russia you can see cars with a fork 220V sticking out from under the hood. IN Northern Europe You can even find parking, where every parking lot has a rosette column.
It is clear and minus this - heating is slow due to the lack of forced fluid movement in the circuit. It is avoided by entering an additional electric pump in the cooling circuit, but the need to connect the preheater each time to an external current source remains. But the electrical heaters are not losing popularity, there are interesting models that heat the engine and simultaneously recharge the battery.
The liquid (autonomous) heater is connected to the electrical system, the fuel line and the cooling system.
But how to heat the motor, when there are no sockets near? Option is only one - burn your own fuel. So the autonomous preheating heaters are arranged: these are small stoves, burning fuel, taken from the tank, and warm the built-in heat exchanger. Such an preheater is easy to automate - connect a timer to it, output control from alarm. Due to this, on commercial vehicles, such models that can even be asked for a weekly heating schedule, put from the factory, and the name of the manufacturer of autonomous heaters Webasto. Repeated the fate of "Xerox", becoming in a conversational language by synonymous with preheating systems. 
Of course, there are offline heaters from its cons:
- First, they need fuel - with an almost empty tank you will stay with a cold car.
- In the same way, the battery is also needed - the motor will warm up with the old battery, but the starter will not scroll through it.
Therefore, many heating systems integrated with onboard electronics, with a decrease in fuel level or battery charge, are automatically blocked below the critical.
This fantasy is not limited, but its other fruits are considered more curious. For example, thermal batteries are invented - these are thermoses in which some coolant volume is stored. While the motor works, the thermal battery is included in the overall circuit and heated to the operating temperature, when the motor is silent, it turns off, keeping heat in itself. Cold motor, the driver again receives a dose of preserved heat antifreeze. Seriously refer to such developments is difficult due to the small "storage period" of the heat of heat and due to the dimensions. But they manage to sell - this is the Canadian CENTAUR systems, and the Russian Avtotherm.
If you remember uniquely useless devices, these are heaters of oils inserted through the dipstick. Not to mention the low efficiency of the heating of oil in the pallet and the power of such "heaters" is so worn that they cannot heat the oil, it is useless to plant the battery.
Installation
Binar-5 installation scheme
The simplest electrical heaters are installed simply - we drain the antifreeze, cut the section of the lower nozzle of the radiator at the desired length, insert the heater to the cut pipe, tighten the clamps and re-fill the antifreeze. It remains to stretch the wires so that the car is easy to "connect to the outlet."
Why is the electrical heater cras into the lower nozzle? It accelerates heating due to thermal convection - heating systems also work without forced circulation. When the antifreeze is heated in the upper nozzle in the radiator, and not in the motor - the closed thermostat will not give the fluid to come through convection in the block.
Video: Production of heater of diesel fuel type "Outdoor Snake" with your own hands
If you do not have a cheap Russian tan, and a more advanced device, it is crashed into the nozzle going to the stove. Such devices are a monoblock that combines the preload heater with a pump of low power, so in the main mainstream of cooling, having a large passage section, cannot be turned on. But the heating of the motor with them is faster, and at the same time the salon stove simultaneously heats.
For a number of motors, the electrical heaters are released with the calculation of the installation instead of the technological plugs of the motor - for their installation you will need already plumbing skills, as you will have to first remove the desired plug from the motor, and then tightly set the heater to the opening of the block. It is better to entrust to professionals, as well as the installation of an autonomous heater - it will take intervention and the engine fuel system, and the competent placement of the heater exhaust.
The best models of electrical preheaters
DEFA
The Norwegian firm is a leading manufacturer of heaters of this type. Releases electrical heaters, which are crashed into the unit, and are installed in the cooling circuit. The main advantage of DEFA systems is modularity: the heater complements charger For battery, autonomous fan for the cabin, the inclusion timer. If you wish, the model of the heater with a thermostat is chosen - such a heater is left permanently on, without risking the engine and saving electricity, since when the preceded temperature is reached, the heater will automatically turn off.
Calix.
Another Scandinavian company. In her model row Universal heaters embedded in nozzles, they are simple, reliable and effective. Also used modular design: the buyer can configure the desired system itself to the appropriate heater additional devices Control charging for batteries. Owners diesel cars It is estimated in the model range of Calix convenient in the installation of tank electrical heaters.
Severs
And this is already products of CJSC "Leader". With all the advantages of European heaters, the price remains, so that suggestions russian manufacturer Will not be superfluous.
The model row has simple convection heaters and Severs + models with forced circulation. The heater is complemented by a timer and battery charger.
Popular Autonomous Preparation Heaters
The German concern with an age-old story is known primarily with autonomous heaters. OEM models are produced on the conveyors themselves, and the sets for self-editing.
Each such kit is created under the specific machine and therefore falls with a minimum possible improvement. To control their own blocks are used, mating with a heater of the corporate digital bus. It is used in conjunction with modern alarms - for example, Starline systems could manage Webasto last generation. Thus, the start of the heater is carried out on the timer and on the command from the alarm key fob and mobile phone.
EBerspacher.
The second German "Titan", whose mark did not become the name of the nominal except because of difficult-proof for the Russian language. Hydronic branded heaters are universal blocks, equipped for a specific car model with its installation kit. Separately, Airtronic air heaters are produced separately - they are relevant for commercial vehicles, where the driver can spend the night in the cockpit in the winter, while spending fuel to the constant heating of the motor all night there is no point.
Teplostar
The Samara manufacturer will be interested in many: prices for Webasto or Eberspacher products and before the crisis were considerable, now halved. In the model range of "Teplostar" there are models of preheating heaters designed for different engine volume, on different fuel and voltage of the aircraft. An interesting feature of the company is that the heaters are equipped with GSM modules: you can turn on the heater if you wish from your own phone.
Video: Installation of the Motor Pump Heater "Longfei"
When coldly occurs (usually for any of us, "sudden") every car owner thinks whether his car will be charged or not. And even if the battery coped with a difficult task and the "cold start" was safely implemented, with such a method of exploitation arises a number of negative consequences:
- engine details are faster wear out;
- the load on the battery increases: as a result, the service life is significantly reduced;
- the engine works quite a long time at idle (and, it's not the most "useful" mode for it).
The engine heating will not only extend the "life" of the motor without repair, but also to largely increase the comfort of the use of the car in winter.
Principle of operation and varieties of preheating engine
All systems, regardless of the design, installed in cars to facilitate the start of the motor in the cold season, are heated not to the engine itself, and increase the temperature of its ambient coolant (abbreviated it is called PP). Therefore, the toosol, saving engine from overheating while driving, is heated with the preservation device, heats the engine elements, which contributes to the implementation of its easy launch (even at very low temperatures).
According to the principle of operation, all the preheaters of engines (both gasoline and diesel) are divided into two main groups:
- autonomous;
- electric.
The first as a source of energy use car fuel. To operate the second, it is necessary to connect to 220 volts to the power supply.
Autonomous preheating heaters
This type of engine preheaters is most functional, as it does not depend on the connection to external energy sources (therefore, they are called autonomous). However, their cost is higher than electric. Install such a heated engine with their own hands, not possessing the necessary technical skills and sufficient experience, is quite difficult. In addition, the independent installation of such high-tech devices leads to a loss of a warranty on the car.
On a note! If you install a heater in an authorized center, then all warranty obligations are preserved.
And despite the fairly high cost, such devices are widely popular. By analogy with autonomous systems of building heating, such devices are sometimes called boilers. Until recently, the most famous manufacturers of these products were German "Webasto" and "Eberspacher (Hydronic). But now, Russian firms are worthy of a worthy competition: "Binar" and "Teplostar"; as well as the Chinese "Belief".
Autonomous heating consists of:
- fuel pump;
- the rigid candle or the incandescent pin (from tungsten or cobalt);
- evaporative burner;
- combustion chambers;
- heat exchanger;
- supercharger motor;
- input and cooling fluid outputs;
- control unit.
The boiler is installed in open space And embed into the fuel and cooling system of the car. The scheme presented below helps to understand how the autonomous heater works.
When the device is turned on (with a button, signal from the timer, the remote control unit, or the GSM module), the air-fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber and is set on its plane candles (or incandescent pins). When combustion, the heat exchanger is heated, which leads to the heating of the coolant. Pump pumps toosol through the engine and radiator of the standard interior heating system. When the fluid temperature is reached, about 60 ° C automation unit turns on the cabin fan.
The "Webasto Thermo Top Evo Start" heater (5 kW), designed to install on cars with an engine capacity of up to 5 liters, with a programmable weekly timer and installation items costs about 25,000 rubles. The remote control unit (range of about 1 km) and the GSM unit (for the possibility of managing a mobile phone) are purchased separately. The installation of the certified dealer will cost no more than 8000 ÷ 10,000 rubles.
Passive electrical heaters
In Canada and all Scandinavian countries, outlets where you can connect such heater, equipped, practically all parking spaces.
We still have such a service only a few paid car parkings. And, so if you live in a private house or keep the car in the garage, then, undoubtedly, this device will greatly facilitate your life in the cold time.
The easiest B. technical Plan And the most economically available way carry out pre-heating diesel or gasoline engine Before launching in the winter - installing an electrical heater to one of the engine cylinder block plugs. Technologically, it is a conventional boiler for certain sizes and power. The circulation of the fluid is carried out by gravity (the fitting rises upstairs, and the cold drops down). The product selection depends on the specific engine model. The market is widely represented by devices, practically, for all car brands from a wide variety of manufacturers.
For example, the electrical preheating of the engine from "DEFA" for the VAZ-Osky "dozen" with a capacity of 550 W with additional spacer placas (for better fixation with inner The block of cylinders) and the sealing sealing ring costs 1,700 ÷ 1800 rubles. And for " Subaru Forester.»A similar device (with a threaded fastening) with a capacity of 600 W from the same manufacturer will cost 2600 ÷ 2800 rubles.
Depending on the type of plugs, manufacturers produce such devices for both the threaded installation and pressing. The model is chosen depending on the variety of engine itself.
Possessing even minimal technical skills, install such a device for engine heating from 220 in your own hands (with cable and connections for connection) is quite simple:
- partially merge the cooling fluid (usually enough 2 ÷ 2.5 liters);
- we dismantle the plug on the cylinder block (the most closely located to the central part of the engine to ensure better warming up);
- insert the heating element instead;
- we connect the electrical cable;
- a power outlet for connecting the power grid or we derive out through the radiator grille (for those who are not very worried appearance vehicle) or krepim in a convenient place on front bumper (or under it).
To make it convenient to use a similar device, you can additionally set the on / off timer.
Electric heaters with coolant circulation
Electric heaters with pumps (to ensure the circulation of heated fluid through the engine and the cabin stove radiator) allow you to evenly warm the entire engine. Although such devices are more expensive than passive electrical systems, the effectiveness of their work is much higher. The thermostat built into the case automatically turns off the heating when the fluid temperature is reached 80 ° C.
Installation of such a device is quite simple:
- merge the cooling fluid;
- krepim device body;
- we carry out the insertion into the standard cooling system (between the output from the cylinder block and the inlet nozzle of the cabin radiator);
- fill the coolant.
The Russian engine heater from 220 V "NEXT satellite" (with a capacity of 1.5 to 3 kW, which is chosen depending on the climatic operating conditions and volume of the engine) with pump and automatic power outage costs from 2200 to 3200 rubles.
Supplementing such a device relay with a thermal sensor to turn on the stove fan, we can count on not only the easy engine start, but also breathed to a comfortable temperature of the car.
Flexible thermoplasties
The above-considered devices embedded in the cooling system do not provide heated oil in engines. This is their significant disadvantage. With severe frosts, even a good warm engine, the thickened oil is quite problematic. Flexible heating plates for the preheating of the engine allow you to do without much difficulty homemade device, Quite quickly (in just 20 ÷ 30 minutes) an increase in oil temperature. Technologically, they are a heating element pressed between two layers of silicone. On the one hand, the plates are adhesive composition (3m), with another porous material with good thermal insulation. The power of one heating element ranges from 60 to 400 W. Such devices are released for connecting to on-board network The car with a voltage 12 or 24 V, or to the household power grid on 220 V. The cost of these products from "Hotstart" or "Keenovo" depending on the size and capacity is 2000 ÷ 8000 rubles per piece.
With the help of such devices, you can easily heat the engine crankcase pallet or automatic box Transmissions. One plate with a size of 127 x 152 mm and a power of 100 W is enough for a car with a motor with a volume of up to 3 liters.
Installation of such products is quite simple:
- clean the place of installation from dirt and paint;
- then remove the protective film and do not forget to glue the plate;
- at the edges we apply a layer of sealant;
- we fix the electrical wires and drag them to the location of the connection.
By installing such plates (with built-in thermal sensor) on the car tank and fuel filter, you can create a heating device fuel system diesel engine.
The main advantages of such devices are:
- Low power consumption.
- Ability to use for heating a variety of components and car mechanisms.
- Easy installation ( staten systems The car remain unaffected).
- Autonomy (when using plates with 12 V nutrition).
In custody
What a heater is better to install on the car depends on your personal preferences, financial capabilities and parking sites. By installing the heating system from the proven and well-proven manufacturer, you will not only save time, but you will be sure that your car will start with serious frosts.
In the Fundament of Winter, many car owners began to think about how to prepare their vehicle to it. Basically, all such preparations are reduced to a banal replacement of rubber, oils, rechargeable battery (either of its recharging) and other "cosmetic" events. However, few people decide to approach this issue more thoroughly, and in vain ... After all, if, for example, the engine engine will not start because of a strong frost, new tires And the battery will not help you leave the parking lot or poorly insulated garage.
Considering this fact, it is not at all superfluous to pay your attention to such a device as an engine preheater, as in any weather and under any circumstances it is it can provide fast, and the main trouble-free start of the motor. Of course, it is best to purchase a similar device in the finished form, as they say "from the manufacturer", but if you wish and the presence of skillful hands, you can make it alone, let it sound a little unreal. In any case, the main thing is to delve into the details of the work and deal with all possible nuances, and then - the case of technology, would be instruction. Just about this we will talk to you today, but for a start a little theory ...
1. Cured path: Soldering lamps - modern electric preheater
As you know: "All new is a long-forgotten old", although I personally would have changed a little this statement and instead of the word "forgotten" would use the concept of "improved". But it is so it is, many modern devices have very interesting story of its development. To which our ancestors were not thought of: an iron iron on coals, the first car resembling a cart with a motor, etc. In this regard, it did not exception and the aforementioned preheater And if you turn to the story, you can detect many interesting factsassociated with this device. For example, whether you know that the "Praded" of modern designs is the most common soldering lamp, an alternative to which (at that time), was except that no less known kerosene (the so-called "kerosekin"). It is their grandfathers and great-grandfathers that were so deftly used in many areas of their livelihoods.
Of course, those functions and opportunities that have named devices possessed cannot be compared with powerful functional characteristics and numerous advantages of modern equipment, but with their task they still coped and since this was more or less enough, it means you need to give them a well-deserved place in history . Modern engine preheater, in our time, is used to facilitate the launch of the motor under conditions of low temperatures, and in some cases, also to warm the air in the car.
Regardless of the type and model, all heaters perform approximately the same functions, responsible for heating and maintaining the coolant temperature of the vehicle (antifreeze or antifreeze) in the desired range. In addition, the device described allows to significantly reduce the fuel consumption, because the engine mandatory warming is much less time. But the most important advantage of using is more quality protection Motor block resources, respectively, increases its life.
If you disassemble the types and possible varieties of heaters in more detail, it is worth noting that absolutely all devices are classified using a certain, single schema. Based on what, the following main models are distinguished:
- gas heaters;
Devices using liquid fuels;
Heaters, the nutrition of which occurs exclusively from the external source.
Concerning last species, it is to him and the electric preheater of the engine considered today.
2. The principle of operation of the electrical preheater
Electric type heaters include non-autonomous devices, even for their operation, it is necessary to supply networks (220 V). Now we will understand in more detail in the principle of their work, but to start a little interesting facts.
Did you know? The first inventor of the motor heater is considered to be Endrew Freimen (Andrew Freeman), which in 1949 received a patent for a coolant heater capable of screwing into place of one of the cylinder bolts. IN modern world, Electric type heaters are widespread in the northern countries of different states (Russia, USA, Scandinavia, Canada's cities), since it is here that there is a sharp need. Moreover, automakers of these regions include them in standard complete set Available cars, and sockets needed to connect devices can be found on many multi-storey parking lots and car parkings.
The existing electrical heaters today are a whole system that consists of several important parts. These include:
- electronic control unit having a built-in timer; Battery Battery Requal Body;
Located in a hermetic heat exchanger, the heating element with a capacity of 500-5000 W (installed in the process opening of the cooling shirt, or it is connected to it using nozzles);
Fan heating for heating salon.
In some models, in addition to the elements listed, there is still a built-in pump, the main task of which is fast and uniform engine warming up.
The standard electrical heater is represented as a spiral device, which is inserted into the motor cylinder block and operates from the external power grid of 220 V. in the role of the main executive element, there is a small electric spiral. In the course of its installation in the block of cylinders, the anti-low plug is removed from it, and the named item is installed on its place. When through a spiral, under the action of high voltage passes the current, it begins to heat the coolant (). The circulation of fluid in the system, passes due to natural convection, although it is less productive than artificial movement using a pump (also spend more time). The most famous representatives of the preheater of this type have models Defa Warmup.
If you store your vehicle in the garage or in the parking lot equipped with electrical sockets, the use of such a device will be as if it is impossible, otherwise it is impossible to apply it (when parking under the windows at home, you just have nowhere to connect the heater, which means that it does not will be). Also, a minus use is strong "voraciousness", and the electricity is not cheap today. It would seem that manufacturers have provided this drawback and completed the heater with a special timer, allowing you to install the required fluid temperature (when crossing the installed face, the spiral is turned off or turns on), but in practice it could not fully solve the problem.
The standard Options of the engine electrical heater include:
- charge battery;
Warming up the working fluid;
Heating of the cabin by supplying thermal air through the stove.
In general, the operating principle of the electrical preheater of the engine is the same as in the autonomous system - also, through the heating of the coolant, heat transmission is carried out by the power unit. The main difference lies in the method of heating (using an electrical power source), which makes it possible to use an additional function - charging the battery, and in winter, when low temperatures contribute to rapid discharge, this is how it is impossible.
3. Engine preheater with your own hands
If the preheater of the motor is not included in stable complete set Car, but you would like to have a similar device - there is nothing impossible. The easiest option is to go to the auto parts store and choose a suitable model (there should be many problems with the installation, especially since the appropriate instruction should be attached to the device). However, there is another path that provides independent manufacture The desired device. The time will leave more, but having done everything with your own hands, you can be confident as a finished product, plus save some money.
And so what to create an electric preheater, you will need simple materials that are "in the farm" from any car owner, this is:
- Incandescent helix (called by Tan), is suitable even from some old kettle;
Metal tank;
Fitting (sold, probably in every plumbing store);
Distribution box (can be found in the electrician store).
Now, armed with elementary knowledge from the field of electricians, mount the device, which should provide high-quality preheating of the power unit, saving fuel and maintain the functionality of the engine for a longer service life. Getting started directly to action, it is necessary to understand that the task is not distinguished by simplicity, which means the whole process (both manufacturing and installation) is likely to be accompanied by some difficulties and specific nuances.
Compared to factory (factory) products made by hand, it will not be clearly and perfectly placed in motor compartmentSo all measurements must be carried out with an accuracy of a centimeter. However, it is not worth regarding the specified possibility as an irresistible obstacle, especially if there is a lift or observation pit in the garage. If they are not (which is rare, but happens), then, most likely, you will not be able to independently place all the necessary wires and electrical equipmentSince the space under the car will be limited and climb hard. Also, I want to warn about the risk of making a homemade heater, because one incorrect movement and you can get serious engine problems.
4. Installation of electrical engine preheating
Suppose you have a ready-made (purchased) set of an electrical preheater and you decided to install it yourself. In this case, at the initial stage, you need to evaluate the space existing under the hood and decide where the device will be mounted. It may be a place under, metal parts of the tunnels or a place next to expansion Bachkom. cooling system. The last option is more relevant in the case of an installation on an SUV, which often moves through the swampy terrain. Also, do not forget to check the prepared harness with wires, because its length may not be enough to combine all the nodes.
Now, with regard to the control panel. When installing the "commander" in the car, it is necessary to immediately determine the free space on dashboardwhere it will be possible to derive control elements (perhaps even, you will have to disassemble some part of it). The boilers for heating fluid are installed only on a reliable base, with a circle of them there should also be enough space, because all the wires must be placed in a free order and as far as possible from moving mechanisms.
Well, when preparatory stage Passed, consider the entire installation procedure in step by step mode:
1. The main part of the electrical preheater is fixed to the place selected in advance;
2. Then it is worth checking the quality of the installation fastening, if necessary, you can use special brackets;
3. Next, the installation of the fuel plate is made (or enters the purchased kit, or is purchased separately). Installation sites - Points of connecting filters and fuel hoses, and a procedure is performed using a tee;
4. After that, connect electrical system Heater: The device is powered by the device, and turning on / off control is displayed in the cabin;
5. Now the device can be connected to the cooling system (notice: after the procedure is performed, it will have to top 1 liter of fluid to the system);
6. We visually check all the connections of the system, they must be durable and reliable;
7. Last step - Checking the preheater operation: Run the engine and observe the result.
The most difficult part of the entire process of self-installation, there is work with electricity, but even if you have to seek help to the electrician, the installation of the heater will still be cheaper than the service center service. Another, not less an important point Installations, is an exhaust from the device system. Since the poppy air flow has a high temperature, it is necessary to avoid the possibility of its hoses and hoses placed under the hood. The optimal solution for the solution of this problem is the direction of exhaust to the engine crankcase, which will also lead to an additional oil warming.
Now imagine the following: You have fulfilled all instructions of the instructions that came with the instructions, all as needed to be connected, and the electrical heater does not work, what to do? Naturally, for independent installation Devices, the warranty is lost on it, which means that problems will have to be dealt with on their own or contact specialists, but no longer for free consultation.
In any case, it would be more correct to check the performance of the preheater before installation on the vehicle, suddenly he is already in a non-working condition, but ... if he knew where you fall, the mattress would be forced. However, there are cases when everything worked before the installation, and after it the activities stopped. There are several main reasons for this phenomenon: Most likely, during installation, the connection of the device to the car's power grid was confused or the heater itself is damaged; It is also possible that the system simply does not receive fuel and it is necessary to connect to another way.
If independent attempts to eliminate these reasons were not crowned with success, you will have to seek help from specialists. There you can get more solid answers to all your questions and quickly eliminate the problem.
Some car owners connect the heater to, but for this you have to overpass contacts in its block, which requires special skills in electrical engineering. Therefore, if such a thought comes to your mind - think twice, whether it is worth doing it. In general, we described only the general moments on the installation of an electrical preheater, and all the subtleties and nuances of this process, you can find out with the instructions or with a specific manual for installing a particular device brand.
