Diesel engines conquer increasing popularity among car owners. If the problem of Europeans worried about the fuel price increases for the fuel, then today the majority of the inhabitants of the Old World are essentially belonging to their money and most choose diesel engines. However, the operation of a diesel engine, with all its economy and "pickup", is associated with a number of difficulties. In particular, it is necessary to highlight the subtleties of the fuel system as a whole, and fuel nozzles as one of the elements of the fuel system in particular.
Features of diesel engine
As is known in the design of the diesel engine there are no ignition candles. The ignition comes from suction and compression of air, and after the injection fuel to the combustion chamber. Thanks to this feature of the diesel engine, they work so well on low revs, but for the conveniences, as you know, you need to pay. In our case, the board serves a complex and expensive fuel system. In particular, one should pay special attention This element is like fuel nozzle. Special functions are assigned to it, since the nozzle should distribute fuel with high accuracy, and at the same time, to withstand the action of intra-cylinder pressure and high temperature. To help nozzles better cope with their task, engineers have come up with a variety of devices in the form inlet valves and preliminary combustion chambers for twisting air and improve the ignition process.
In addition, the structures of most diesel engines use incandescent candles. In the frost, when the diesel is still cold, such a candle increases the temperature with the combustion chamber with electricity, and the engine is thus easier to start
Requirements for operation of the diesel engine
The main disadvantage of diesel engines can be called its demand for fuel. Especially often the owners of diesel cars complain about problems with the fuel system when winter cold is coming. The fact is that diesel fuel, or diesel fuel, in its composition have paraffin. This substance behaves inert at the plus temperatures, but in winter strule paraffin threads clog filters or such elements as fuel nozzle. It is for this reason that some drivers cannot start their cars in the frost for so long.
In addition, poor-quality fuel negatively acts on the high-pressure fuel pump, which is one of the main elements of the system. It should also be noted that such components of the fuel system as a nozzle fuel or plunger pair, today there are solid money.
Rules of operation of engines on diesel fuel
No matter how warful it would sound, but to avoid engine breakdown, you just need to follow the rules prescribed in the instruction manual for your car. For example, dear Japanese TNLD will serve you as long as possible if you use good fuel with additives and recommended engine oil brand. By the way, the last component needs to be replaced as often as possible, namely every 8-9 thousand km of the car. It is worth saying that turbines, which are now massively equipped with diesel cars, are very sensitive to the quality of oil. Experts advise for the maximum long service life of the car to install Japanese TNVD on the car and do not join the motor a few minutes after the trip until the turbine cools.
An important role in the stable and uninterrupted operation of the engine is playing careful and timely care for the whole fuel equipment. As we have said earlier - any breakdown in the diesel fuel system, as well as replacement of the REVD repair kit can punch in your budget. For this reason, do not spare money for the timely replacement of fuel filters and do not forget to drain the water from the sump, because these measures will help you to significantly save on the upcoming repairs. Also, specialists are extremely recommended to be aggressively ride on diesel engines, switching transmissions when the tachometer arrow has already layered into the red zone. The following transmission should be included smoothly, on average turnover to avoid fast engine wear.
Diesel engine in winter
Usually, problems with the launch of the diesel engine begin when the thermometer mark falls below -25 degrees, which is not uncommon in the harsh Russian winter. At this time of the year, motorists recommend using arctic diesel fuel to improve the auto response. In addition, car enthusiasts for the winter are advised to find warm garageand not put your car on the street. No smaller role in winter operating Engine plays transition to special motor oil. Using all of the above recommendations, you will not only extend the service life of the engine, but also save on such an element as an unscheduled maintenance and repair kit TNVD for your car.
Each driver has its own considerations about which force unit is actually better. Some believe that the small volume brings a big advantage and gives fuel economy. Others believe that it is worth buying only a gasoline engine due to its unpretentiousness and universal operation. Third choose only voluminous diesel engines with a turbine to get huge pleasure from beautiful thrust. Let's figure out how to operate a diesel power unit, which has a number of features of use. Proper operation It can significantly extend the life of the aggregate and provide many important advantages. If you reproach from a gasoline SUV to diesel without changing habits, then your power unit will have to be difficult.
The use of engines is the topic that can be discussed endlessly. Based on what features of the trip violate the owners of technology in comparison with the factory recommendations, you can very just find a number of important recommendations. This question concerns the refueling of certain fuel and pouring oil, serviceas well as repair. There are certain practical operating tips to reduce the flow and wear of the diesel engine. You can also remember winter use diesel engine, which should be very neat. Given all the categories presented, we can form several important tips for the owners of diesel power units. It is worth only to say that all of the above refers to modern turbocharged diesel engines that are installed on mass passenger cars.
Refueling and maintenance - two most important uses
First of all when buying diesel power aggregate You need to choose a normal refueling place. It's not just about high-quality brand Filling station, but also on the quality of diesel fuel, which does not always coincide. Take advantage of specialists and check the diesel fuel to quality using non-hard tests. Fuel should not freeze, curly and should be pure in any conditions. It is also worth compliance with maintenance recommendations:
- for a diesel power unit, many manufacturers put a slightly smaller interservice interval than for gasoline engines, but this is not always the case;
- you need one hundred percent to observe all the conditions of service that is exhibited by the car manufacturer, use only original materials on the service;
- when buying an unknown oil, you can say goodbye to the engine after 10-20 thousand kilometers, the filters are also worth buying original and very high-quality;
- special attention should be paid to the diagnosis of equipment during the service - this will help to avoid the most unpleasant problems associated with the TNVD, and the head of the block;
- diesel engine repair is needed immediately after the car has shown the problem, it will help save certain quality and the desired installation properties.
If the gasoline engine is sometimes used successfully and with malfunctions, then in diesel power units such an idea will not pass. You need to use professional service services for maintenance COMMON RAIL., turbines, TNVD and cylinder heads. It is these details that most often fail and deliver certain troubles during operation. The breakdown can completely remove the unit.
How to ride a diesel engine with a modern type turbine?
Actual power aggregates on heavy fuel are not too different from gasoline engines. Quality of the quality of the trip may be very serious, since incorrect operation leads to a number of problems. It is necessary to remember the basic recommendations, as well as read the features and individual advice in the instruction manual for your car. Basic recommendations for such engines are as follows:
- use a high torque with a low revolutions - do not spin the diesel engine to high speeds of the power unit;
- take advantage of the convenient early gear shift and the wonderful traction characteristics of the car with a diesel engine, it will help to get comfort;
- do not overheat the unit, long work on the increased turns or operation on off-road in the middle mode displays the TNLD and other important modules;
- you should not drive on a diesel engine - you buy a car for comfort and low consumption, so use all the important advantages of transport with such features;
- the city is quite possible at a speed of 60-70 kilometers per hour using the last transmission - this is one of the favorite modes of the diesel ungregate.
It should be understood that the diesel has a completely different structure than the familiar gasoline engine. There are several advantages, but also there are disadvantages. Therefore, it is always necessary to study the manufacturer's recommendations for the use of the car, otherwise you can get into the unpleasant situation. Use the highest quality ride solutions and always strive to comply with the recommendation of the plant. This will help keep the performance of your car.
What are the important advantages of a diesel engine?
Force aggregate diesel type It is known for eating less fuel than gasoline fellow with similar power characteristics. This is true, but the diesel-type power unit is one of the defects of the budget on the service, it requires more money to fulfill all the tasks. Therefore, it is worth identifying such pure and indisputable advantages of a heavy fuel force unit:
- the possibility of early gear shift, a very good torque that picks up the checkpoint in any mode and is perfectly riding even in the unfortunately selected position;
- very high traction indicators directly in the process of overclocking, that is, at low revs, the highest indicator of the optimal useful power of the unit arises;
- reduced fuel consumption in comparison with gasoline levels the cost of operation of a power unit on heavy fuel, so it will not be much more expensive to you;
- the life of a diesel engine subject to all important recommendations will be quite high, there are no problems with the apparatus, many have to reach 500,000 km;
- environmental purity of emissions is much better than that of gasoline options, the absence of carbon monoxide, but there are solid particles, and often they exceed the norm for the car of this class.
Modern developments of power units are becoming increasingly sophisticated and demanding. Therefore, it is worth carefully monitoring each update and to buy an engine, information and reviews about it. The same aggregate in different generations cars from the manufacturer can have absolutely different variants operation. And B. this case You can get really disappointment when buying.
How to exploit diesel engine in winter?
Winter operation of the power unit with diesel fuel It happens somewhat more complicated. If gasoline does not freeze in general, in principle, the turbidity temperature of diesel fuel is -25 degrees Celsius. The freezing temperature already at -35 degrees eliminates the operation of the car in such conditions. However, today there is a wasolar with additives, which is used without problems in any conditions. There are a number of cautious moments:
- in winter, in a diesel engine, it would be nice to establish a turbo-timer, which continued to slowly reduce the engine temperature after the trip, when you have already come out of the car;
- you should also choose winter fuel at refueling, selecting the initially normal filling stationwhere you will not fill in the pot of poor-quality liquid;
- you can also use a number of additives to reduce the temperature of the fuel crystallization, when the fuel is filled into the tank turns into a gel mass;
- after turning the diesel fuel in the gel, you will have to carry the machine to the service, and on the tow truck, to clean the fuel cells and hoses for further use.
For these reasons, diesel cars in the northern conditions are not the most successful option. In the middle lane of Russia, such cars are quite acceptable and can perform their functions fine. In the south, there are no problems with their operation at all. Nevertheless, you need to take into account a number of features on the use of fuel and quality of service of your car. We offer to see a small video about the features of the diesel car:
Let's sum up
Is there any point in buying a diesel car? In economically, this point is practically no. But in terms of trip, your conditions will really be seriously changed. You will meet S. new technologythat fully opens a new perception road transport. There are a number of positive and a number of negative factors for using such transport. But often fans of diesel engines argue that the pros is greatly superior to the cons. Of course, all this is very conditional. You can purchase diesel and stay extremely dissatisfied with the first breakdown in winter. But remember that the quality of operation directly depends on you.
It should also be remembered for refueling, which may be normal and terrible. If a petrol aggregate From bad refueling just increase the flow, then diesel fuel can destroy a number of expensive elements in the machine. Therefore, in Europe, for example, the diesel aggregates are incredible. On the other hand, there are always a number of difficulties in possession of a car with such an aggregate. So if you are afraid of these difficulties, better choose gasoline car. If you want to try something new, boldly buy turbodiesel. And what engine would you prefer for personal exploitation?
In order for the diesel engine well and worked well for a long time, it is necessary to maintain it regularly. Mostly, this service is to change the oil and filters. In modern automotive, five types of filters are used: oil, fuel, air, cabin and scenic. All filters have their own service life and are replaced. Follow the condition of filters in the car is necessary with each maintenance, since the operation of the engine and transmission directly depends on their state, as well as the health of the driver and passengers. Unreasonable replacement can lead to serious consequences and enough expensive repair. The replacement frequency directly depends on the operating conditions of the car, and, as a rule, is regulated by the manufacturer.
Butter
Due to the presence of sulfur in the fuel, as well as the effects of high temperatures and pressure, the diesel engine more actively pollutes the oil in the lubrication system than gasoline. Check the oil level at least once a week! It is not worthwhile to be surprised by his black color - this is normal.
Oil filter
A special paper with high porosity is used as a filtering material in this filter. It is impregnated with phenol formaldehyde resins to impart a filtering element of water resistance. The bypass valve provides an oil in the engine in cases where it does not skip the filter element. This is possible if the element is contaminated, with a sharp increase in crankshaft revolutions or during the thickening of the oil, for example, in the cold. The check valve must hold the oil in the filter when the engine is not working to provide a quick pressure lift in the system when the engine is started.
The filter check valve can be made as a rubber ring of alternating section, the elastic properties of which are lost over time. In this case, after stopping the engine, the oil from the filter merges, and upon subsequent startup of the pressure in the lubrication system, it will not be filled with oil again. Such delay leads to increased engine wear. There are also filters in which the check valve is made as a thin rubber disk. It fits tightly to the surface of the cover due to the metal spring. This design is more reliable and more durable. On the same car model, you can find filters with a different design of the check valve.
The apparent simplicity of the manufacture of filters led to an abundance in the market of filters of unknown manufacturers. Visually find between them differences are almost impossible, however, the consequences of the use of a poor-quality oil filter are not harmless. For example, if the filter housing is bursting, the oil is flowing and the engine will remain at all without oil. Such cases are found, especially in winter.
Install new oil filter It is recommended every time when the oil is replaced. Usually the interservice interval is 10-15 thousand mileage kilometers, but if the manufacturer sets another interval or the operating conditions of the car are too severe, it is better to change the filter more often.
Air filter
Air filter for cleaning atmospheric airEntering the engine. It is a peculiar "harmonic" from the filter material with seals along the edges, which do not give air to enter the engine, bypassing the filter element. Usually air filter It changes during the recommendation of the manufacturer's recommendation, but when driving on dusty roads, the need to replace may come faster. It is important not to miss the moment so as not to destroy the engine. You can check the filter yourself: just open the hood, pull out the filter and see its condition. If it is badly polluted, it is better to put a new one, without waiting for the planned then. Attempts to save some drivers and instead of replacing, flush the filter does not make any sense: it does not remove the absorbent dirt, and the fibers of the filter element will lose their bandwidth.
Salon filter.
The cabin filter is used to clean the air entering the interior of the car, and to protect the air conditioner evaporator from garbage scoring.
Air is cleaned with activated carbon, the resource of which is limited. If it is not replaced in time, the filter begins to work, delaying only mechanical impurities.
When operating a car in major cities, the cabin filter is clogged very quickly, so it should be changed as needed, and not on the recommendation in the operating book. It is possible to understand that the filter requires a replacement by the following signs: long-term fogging of brakes in wet weather; Weak air supply to the salon when the stove fan is enabled on the maximum turnover. Usually, manufacturers are recommended to replace salon filter Together with the replacement of oil - every 10 thousand kilometers.
Fuel filter
Fuel filterproof for additional fuel purification before it is supplied to the fuel line of the engine. Due to the specific fuel composition, the fuel filter is better to choose the highest quality, regardless of its cost. Many diesel engines are two fuel filters: a coarse filter (cleans fuel before serving in the fuel pump) and filter thin cleaning (Completes the cleaning of the fuel before serving in TNVD). When replacing the fuel filter, it is worth remembering about the need to replace the sealing ring on the filter housing so that the leakage of the fuel system does not degrade the engine operation. If the air is still in the fuel line, it must be removed through a special valve using a manual pump installed on the pump. Many modern diesel engines have power systems that remove air automatically. In any case, each time after replacing the filter or after the fuel has ended, it is necessary to remove air bubbles from the fuel system in the dieselle, and then pump it to circulate new fuel without air. Air B. fuel system The diesel engine falls in case of sealing disruption, due to poorly screwed filters, clamps, as well as in the presence of cracks in hoses and highways, so the filter replacement is better to entrust professionals.
Riding with a polluted fuel filter leads to clogging of the power supply system and fuel injection nozzles, which threatens the uneven operation of the engine and power loss. In the worst case, the engine will stop starting at all. Manufacturers plants recommends changing the fuel filter once every 20-25 thousand mileage kilometers, but this recommendation can only be observed when using good fuel, in our same conditions it is better to reduce this interval to 10-15 thousand kilometers.
Dairy filter
Save filters are installed on diesel cars for compliance with their Euro-5 standards and higher. They are used to delay soot and solid particles in automotive exhaust gases. Usually, dairy filter Clears independently on a tribal computer, but if the computer fails, the filter is clogged and the engine malfunction signal lights up on the control panel. In such cases, the filter must be cleaned or replaced. You can not do it yourself - you need to contact the service.
Other
Diesel engines having top location distribution Vala., require replacement of the toothed belt through the manufacturer of the intervals. Otherwise it is possible to break a belt and serious damage to the valves and piston group Engine: when the camshaft belt stops stops, the flywheel continues to rotate in the inertia and the pistons are beaten over the valve extended. For a quick and correct launch of a diesel engine during the cold season, you need to install an additional engine heater and a coarse filter of fuel, equipped with a moisture separator. The chimney of the engine in the cold can talk about failure in the operation of the TNVD, the leakage of the fuel feed channels of the injectors, etc. If the engine begins to smoke, contact the service immediately. Repair of nozzles, adjustment of the moment of injection and other preventive work will get rid of you from more severe and expensive repairs, which will inevitably need to overheat valves, pistons, and engine block heads.
Operating the engine without accidents and breakdowns can be achieved when the engine device is known and the right technical care. The more carefully the engineering engine is made, the more hours it will work until the repair. Technical care is daily, as well as periodic verification of status, adjustment and lubrication of nodes and engine mechanisms.
1. Listen to the engine. Check the tightness of the compounds of fuel and oil pipelines, gland seals, air ducts and air cleaner and, if necessary, tighten the compounds. 2. Stop the engine and immediately after the stop check the operation of the centrifuge by rumor. 3. Clean the engine from dirt and dust. 4. Check outdoor inspection The condition of the engine aggregates and the reliability of their fastening. Check the package of the tool. 5. Clear (in engines produced earlier) glass dust collector air cleaner. If the engine worked with strong air dusting, change the oil in the air purifier pallet, as described earlier. When installing a pallet (and dust collector) in place to ensure the density of the connections. 6. Check the fluid level in the radiator, as well as, if necessary, add liquid.
7. Check the availability of fuel in the tanks for the main and starting engines. After 20- 24 hours of work, clean the holes in the fuel cap covers and rinse the harrow filter of the main engine tank. Release 5 liters of sludge from the tank of the main engine, as well as to fill the tank of pre-outstanding and filtered diesel fuel. Make a starting tank of the pre-cooked gasoline mixture with diesel oil. 8. Check the oil level, if necessary, add. 9. Lubricate all points according to the lubricant table. 10. Ensure that there are no fuel, oil and water trends; The flow must be eliminated, and the bitches are wiped dry. Check if plugs are delivered in all holes for the oil shutting, and the quality of their tightening. 11. To start the engine, as shown in the section "Start of the engine and control over its work", and check the engine operation with an average and maximum speed of revolutions for at least 2-3 minutes. , the operation of oil and fuel pressure gauges and oil and water thermometers, and finally, the operation of electrical equipment (if installed).
Technical care No. 1 Perform all daily care operations and, moreover: 1. Clean the oil filter from the outside, slide sucks and rinse the coarse oil purification sections. 2. Remove the cassettes of the air cleaner, rinse them and install them. 3. Dry sucks from a coarse filter of fuel and fill the fuel system. 4. Dismort the trigger and drain the oil that has accumulated in the back of the beam.
5. Check and, if necessary, adjust the clutch clutch and tension of the fan belts. 6. Check and tighten the weakened fastenings of the starting engine, fuel pump, nozzles, inlets and outlet pipes, air cleaner, fan and tensioning device, radiator, main engine and fuel tanks. 7. Lubricate the lubrication table all points.
Since diesel pollutes oil in the lubricant system faster than gasoline
Engine, most car manufacturers provide more frequent
shift oil and filter.
Special oils of diesel engines are widely available today and, judging by the reviews, quite
Effective. However, any high-quality engine oil for carburetor
engines are also suitable for diesel if only change it through certain
Intervals. Read the label on the bank in which the manufacturer usually gives instructions in
The relation of diesel engines. If you find anything on this label, then look at the label on
Container in which banks were packaged.
In engines with top camshaft should be replaced toothed belt through
Specified intervals. Otherwise the impact of the piston with
Valves when the belt suddenly breaks. Elimination of the consequences of the latter
will require you considerable financial costs. In practice, there have already been cases of cliff
Belts with mileage up to 48 thousand km, but it happened as a result of hitting them
Oil or water due to depressurization of respectively lubrication and cooling systems.
However, if you try to ride, without changing the belt, after running 58 thousand km, then your
Unwillingness to spend time on the timely replacement of the belt may turn to you
In the future, much greater time and money.
To replace the fuel filter, buy the best available to you. Some
filters may look outdoor well, but "badly perform your straight
Responsibilities. "Do not forget to change the sealing ring on the filter housing.
We also note that it is equally difficult to prevent both the leakage of fuel and
Air climbers in the fuel system that strongly violate the operation of the engine.
If air enters the fuel lines, it may be necessary to remove it from there
Through a special valve with a small hand pump, usually mounted
For these purposes on high pressure fuel pump. Many modern diesel engines
Have a power system, self-kidding air. Only you only need to turn the engine
Starter, and the air will be removed.
It is difficult to avoid the moisture in the fuel filter, so
For some diesel engines on the instrument panel, a warning lamp is provided,
Notifying the presence of water in the fuel system.
Usually, when the oil is replaced, it is only required to check the filter status. However B.
Case of operation of the car in difficult conditions, such as elevated humidity
and large differences between day and night temperatures, check condition
Filters follows more often.
All diesel engines smoke, but it should not be excessive. One of the most
common causes of this is a failure in the moment of fuel supply by the pump
high pressure that is easily eliminated by re-adjusting the moment
injection tames on crankshaft Vale and pump. This work is very reminded
adjustment of the initial angle of the ignition advance on gasoline engine. Operation
can be done on a non-working engine, but it is better to purchase for these
goals a special lamp for installing the moment of injection on diesel engines that is attached
clamp on the fuel supply tube nozzle and flashes under the action of the jokes
Fuel passing through the tube.
Another reason is to leak fuel through the nozzles with a loosely closed
the fuel feed channel, which can lead to the overflow of the cylinder with fuel and,
As a result, to excessive smoke when starting. In addition to the overall cleaning of nozzles and
replacing about 110 thousand km worn when mileage, little can be done yet in
Home conditions to check their work. Except to remove them and give to check
on any control equipment.
New nozzles are not cheap, but you can save a considerable amount by contacting
station engaged in the repair of diesel engines and calcinate nozzles for quite
acceptable price. The price of the service depends on the location of the station and the presence of around it
Spare stores.
However, you are able to extend the service life of the nozzles, maintaining clean
Diesel dyeshem and fuel filtersand thereby counteract
Pollution nozzles. For these purposes, it is possible to periodically pour into the fuel tank
In a small number of special cleaners.
If you follow fuel pump high pressure, it will be long and better
function. However, we want to warn that his replacement is quite expensive.
A poor start and low diesel pickup can be due to many things:
Non-quality launched candles, clogging of fuel channels
Highways leading to falling fuel supply pressure, malfunction
fuel lines and even improper installation of nozzles. Determine bad
working starting candles are easy by how long the check light does not go out
Preheating.
Talk to the owners diesel carsand you will see that none of them think
Wants to get behind the wheel again petrol car. Perhaps coming and
Your turn if Diesel fully meets your requests.
