Classification and designation of motor oils. Marking of motor oils: SAE, API, ILSAC, GOST and ASA What does SL mean

Oil quality - This is a complex of properties that is necessary for the operation of oil for its intended purpose. To facilitate the choice of the oil of the desired quality for a particular type of engine and operating conditions, a classification system was created. motor oils API.

This classification was created and improved in collaboration with API (American Petroleum Institute), ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and SAE. It defines the limits of various parameters (in particular, the purity of the piston, the wear of the piston rings, etc.) with the help of various test engines.

On the API system installed 2 operational categories of appointment and quality

1. For gasoline engineswhere SE, SF, SG, SH, SJ, SL, SM, SN classes are valid.
2. For diesel engines, where CC, CD, CE, CF, CG, CH, CI, CJ classes are valid.

Universal oils for gasoline and diesel engines are denoted by two symbols of the corresponding categories: the first character is the main one, and the second indicates the possibility of using this oil for the engine of another type. For example, API CG-4 / SH is an oil optimized for use in diesel engines, but it can be used in gasoline engines for which the API SH category oil is prescribed and below (SG, SF, SE, etc.).

Categories Oils for gasoline engines of passenger cars

Group of oils		Year of car release
SN.	Acting	The engine oil of this category provides better protection against high-temperature deposits on pistons, a decrease in low-temperature deposits (resins) and advanced compatibility with sealing parts. The SN Resource Conserving category with resource-saving properties combines the characteristics of the API SN with an improved fuel efficiency, the protection of the turbocharger parts, compatibility with the system for reducing exhaust gas toxicity, as well as additional protection of the engine when using fuel containing ethanol, up to the E85 brand. Thus, this category can be equated to ILSAC GF-5	Presented in October 2010 for the 2011 production cars and older.
SM.	Acting	Introduced in November 2004.	For cars 2004 release and older
SL.	Acting	The API planned to develop the PS-06 project as the following category API SK, but one of the engine oil suppliers in Korea uses the reduction of "SK" as part of its corporate name. To eliminate the possible confusion, the letter "K" will be skipped for the next category "S". - stability of energy-saving properties; - reduced volatility; - elongated replacement intervals;	For cars 2001 release and older
SJ.	Acting	The category approved 06.11.1995, the licenses began to be issued from 15.10.1996. Automotive oils of this category are intended for all currently used gasoline engines and completely replace oils of all previously existing categories in older engine models. Maximum level of operational properties. Possibility of certification in the Energy Saving category API SJ / EC.	since 1996.
Sh	Outdated	Licensed category approved in 1992. To date, the category is conditionally valid and can only be certified as additional to categories of API C (for example AF-4 / SH). According to the requirements, the categories of ILSAC GF-1, but without compulsory energy saving. Automotive oils of this category are intended for petrol engines of 1996 models and older. When certification for energy saving, depending on the degree of fuel economy, the categories of the API SH / EC and API SH / ECII were assigned.	c 1993.
SG.	Outdated	Licensed category approved in 1988. The issuance of licenses was discontinued at the end of 1995. Car oils are designed for 1993 models and older engines. Fuel - unleaded gasoline with oxygenates. Satisfy the requirements extended to car oils for the API CC and API CD diesel engines. Have higher thermal and antioxidant stability, improved anti-wear properties, reduced tendency to form deposits and sludge. Automotive oil API. SG Replace the oils of categories API SF, SE, API SF / CC and API SE / CC.	1989-1993
Sf.	Outdated	Automotive oils of this category are intended for engines of the 1988 models and older. Fuel - ethyl gasoline. They have more efficient than previous categories, antioxidant, anti-wear, anti-corrosion properties and have a smaller tendency to form high and low-temperature sediments and slag. Automotive OILS API SF replace the Oils of the SC API, API SD and API SE in older engines.	1981-1988
SE	Outdated	Do not use in gasoline engines of cars issued after 1979.	1972-1980
SD.	Outdated	Do not use in gasoline engines of cars issued after 1971. Use more modern engines may lead to deterioration performance characteristics Or breakdowns.	1968-1971
SC	Outdated	Do not use in gasoline engines of cars issued after 1967. Use in more modern engines can lead to a deterioration in operational characteristics or breakdowns.	1964-1967
SB.	Outdated	Do not use in gasoline engines of cars issued after 1951. Use in more modern engines can lead to a deterioration in operational characteristics or breakdowns.	-
SA	Outdated	Does not add additives. Do not use in gasoline engines of cars issued after 1930. Use in more modern engines can lead to a deterioration in operational characteristics or breakdowns.	-

Categories Oils for Diesel Engines Commercial Car

Group of oils
CJ-4.	Acting	Introduced in 2006. For high-speed four-stroke engines designed to meet the exhaust gas toxicity standards in the main roads. CJ-4 oils allow the use of fuel with sulfur content up to 500 RRT (0.05% of the mass). However, work with fuel in which the sulfur content exceeds 15 RRT (0.0015% of the mass), may affect the performance of cleaning systems exhaust gases and / or oil replacement intervals. CJ-4 oils are recommended for engines equipped with diesel particulate filters and other exhaust gas treatment systems. CJ-4 specification oils exceed the working properties of CI-4, CI-4 PLUS, CH-4, CG-4, CF-4 and can be used in engines that are recommended by oils of these classes.
CI-4.	Acting	Introduced in 2002. For high-speed four-stroke engines designed to meet exhaust gas toxicity standards implemented in 2002. CI-4 oils allow the use of fuel with the sulfur content up to 0.5% of the mass, and are also used in engines with the exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR). Replaces CD, CE, CF-4, CG 4 and CH-4 oils. In 2004, an additional category API CI-4 Plus was introduced. Requirements for planting, sediments, viscous indicators, limit of TBN values \u200b\u200bare tightened.
SH-4.	Acting	Introduced in 1998. For high-speed four-stroke engines that meet the requirements for the toxicity of exhaust gases introduced in the United States since 1998. CH-4 oils allow the use of fuel with a sulfur content up to 0.5% of the mass. You can use instead of CD, CE, CF-4 and CG-4 oils.
CG-4.	Outdated	Introduced in 1995. For engines of high-speed diesel engineering fuel with a sulfur content of less than 0.5%. CG-4 oils for engines that fulfill the requirements for the toxicity of exhaust gases introduced in the USA since 1994. Replaces CD, CE and CF-4 Cate oils.
CF-4.	Outdated	Introduced in 1990. For high-speed four-stroke diesel engines with turbocharging and without it. You can apply instead of CD and CE oils.
CF-2.	Outdated	Introduced in 1994. Improved characteristics are used instead of CD-II for two-stroke engines
CF	Outdated	Introduced in 1994. For diesel engines with double combustion chambers (indirect injection) and other, installed on off-road techniques, including engines that operate on sulfur content more than 0.5% by weight. Can be used instead of CD oils.
SE	Outdated	Presented in 1985. For high-speed four-stroke engines without boosting and supervised. Can be used instead of CC and CD.
CD-II.	Outdated	Presented in 1985. For two-stroke engines.
Cd.	Outdated	Presented in 1955. For some engines without chance and with a superposition.
CC	Outdated	Do not use in diesel engines released after 1990.
CB.	Outdated	Do not use in diesel engines released after 1961.
SA.	Outdated	Do not use in diesel engines released after 1959.

The classification system of the API motor oils () was created in 1969. According to the API system, three operational categories (three rows) of the destination and quality of motor oils are installed:
S (Service) - consists of categories of quality engine oils for gasoline engines going in chronological order.
C (Commercial) - It consists of categories of quality and destination of oils for diesel engines going in chronological order.
EC (Energy Conserving) - Energy-saving oils. New Series high-quality oilsconsisting of low-grade, light-flowing oils that reduce fuel consumption according to the results of tests on gasoline engines.

For each new class, an additional letter is assigned alphabetically. Universal oils for gasoline and diesel engines are denoted by two symbols of the corresponding categories: the first character is the main one, and the second indicates the possibility of using this oil for the engine of another type. Example: API SM / CF.

API quality classes for gasoline engines

API class SN. - approved on October 1, 2010.
The main difference between the SN API from the previous API classifications in limiting phosphorus content for compatibility with modern systems Neutralization of exhaust gases, as well as complex energy saving. That is, the oils classified according to the API SN will approximately correspond to ASE C2, C3, C4, without an amendment to high-temperature viscosity.

API class SM. - Approved on November 30, 2004.
Motor oils for modern gasoline (multi-chamber, turbocharged) engines. Compared to the SL class, motor oils that comply with the requirements of the API SM should have higher levels of protection against oxidation and premature wear of engine parts. In addition, the standards are increased relative to oil properties when low temperaturesoh. Engine oils of this class can be certified by ILSAC Energy Saving Class
Motor oils that meet the requirements of the SL API, SM can be applied in cases where the car manufacturer is recommended class SJ or earlier.

API class SL. - Motor oils for engines of machines released after 2000.
In accordance with the requirements of car manufacturers, the automal of this class is used in multi-chamber, turbocharged motors working on fuel mixtures that meet modern enhanced ecology requirements, as well as energy saving. Automoles that meet the requirements of the SL API can be used in cases where the SJ class is recommended for automakers or earlier.

API class SJ. - Motor oils for use in petrol engines Starting from 1996 release.
This class describes the car used in gasoline engines, starting from 1996 release. Motor oils of this class are designed for use in petrol engines of passenger and sports machines, minibuses and lungs truckswhich are serviced in accordance with the requirements of car manufacturers. SJ provides for the same minimum standards as sh, as well as additional requirements for nagarization and working at low temperatures. Motor oils that meet the requirements of the API SJ can be used in cases where the car manufacturer is recommended class SH or earlier.

API class sh- Motor oils for gasoline engines starting from 1994 release.
The class was adopted in 1992 for motor oils recommended since 1993. This class is characterized by higher requirements compared to the SG class, and has been developed as a substitute for the latter, to improve anti-carbon, anti-substitution, antisository properties of oils and increased corrosion protection. Motor oils of this class are designed for use in gasoline engines. passenger cars, minibuses and light trucks, in accordance with the recommendations of their manufacturers. Motor oils of this class were tested in accordance with the requirements of the Association of Chemical Products (SM). Motor oils of this class can be used in cases where the car manufacturer is recommended by the SG class or earlier.

API class SG.- Motor oils for gasoline engines Starting from 1989 release.
Designed for use in gasoline engines of passenger cars, minibuses and light trucks. The engine oils of this class have properties that provide improved protection against carpets, oxidation of the machine and motor wear, in comparison with previous classes, and also contain additives that protect against rust and corrosion of internal parts of the engine. Engine oils of class SG comply with the requirements for motor oils for diesel engines API CC and can be used where SF, SF / CC classes or SE / CC are recommended.

API class SF.- Motor oils for gasoline engines Starting from 1980 release (outdated class).
These engine oils were used in gasoline engines of 1980-1989 issues, subject to the availability and instructions of the engine manufacturer. Provide enhanced oxidation resistance, improved wear protection, in comparison basic characteristics Machines SE, as well as more reliable protection against carbon black, rust and corrosion. Engine oils of class SF could be applied as replaceable SE, SD or SC classes.

Class API SE - Motor oils of gasoline engines of release since 1972 (outdated class). These engine oils were used in gasoline motors of the 1972-79 models, as well as some models of 1971. Additional protection in comparison with SC and SD machines and can be used as substitutes for these categories.

API class SD. - Motor oils for use in gasoline engines since 1968 (outdated class). The automotive of this class was used in gasoline engines of passenger cars and some freight release of 1968-70, as well as some models of 1971 and later. Improved protection compared to SC motor oils, also applied exclusively with the recommendation of the engine manufacturer.

Class API SC. - Motor oils for gasoline engines, starting from 1964 release (outdated class). Usually used in engines of passenger cars and some trucks of 1964-1967. Reduce high and low-temperature nagar, wear, and also protect against corrosion.

API class SB. - Motor oils for low-power gasoline engines (outdated class). Motor oils of the 30s of the 20th century, which provided enough easy protection against wear and oxidation, as well as anti-corrosion protection of bearings in motors that are operated in light load modes. Motor oils of this class can only be used if they are specifically recommended by the engine manufacturer.

API Class SA. - Motor oils for gasoline and diesel engines. Outdated class of oils for use in old motors operating in such conditions and modes in which the protection of parts is not needed. Motor oils of this class can only be used if they are recommended by the engine manufacturer.

Quality Class APIs for diesel engines

Class API CJ-4- Specifies from October 1, 2006.
This class is designed specifically for heavy engines. Responsible to key requirements for NOX emission standards and solid particles for the manufacture of 2007. The CJ-4 oils introduce limits by some indicators: asilism is less than 1.0%, sulfur 0.4%, phosphorus 0.12%.
The new classification accommodates the requirements of earlier categories of API CI-4 Plus, CI-4, but carrying significant changes to the requirements in response to the needs of new engines that meet new environmental standards 2007 and later models.

Class API CI-4 (CI-4 Plus) - New operating class of motor oils for diesel engines. Compared to API CI-4, the requirements for the specific content of soot, as well as evaporates and high-temperature oxidation are increased. When certified in this classification, motor oil must be tested in seventeen motor tests.

Class API CI-4 - Class introduced in 2002.
These engine oils are used in modern diesel engines with various species Injection and supervision. The engine oil corresponding to this class must contain appropriate wash-dispersing additives and has, in comparison with the CH-4 class, increased thermal oxidation resistance, as well as higher dispersing properties. In addition, such cars provide a significant reduction in motor oil foam due to a decrease in volatility and reducing evaporation at operating temperature up to 370 ° C, under the influence of gases. The requirements for cold rockers are also strengthened, the resource of gaps, tolerances and motor seals increased by improving car fluidity.
The CI-4 API class is introduced in connection with the emergence of new, more stringent requirements for the ecology and toxicity of exhaust gases, which are presented to engines issued from October 1, 2002.

Class API CH-4 - Specifies from December 1, 1998.
Engine oils of this class are used in four-stroke diesel engines, which are operated in high-speed modes and comply with the requirements of the norms and standards for the toxicity of exhaust gases adopted in 1998.
The API CH-4 car corresponds to the sufficiently strict requirements of both American and European manufacturers of diesel engines. Class requirements are specifically designed for use in engines operating on high-quality fuel with a specific sulfur content of up to 0.5%. At the same time, unlike aPI class CG-4, the resource of these engine oils is less sensitive to use diesel fuel With a sulfur content of more than 0.5%, which is especially relevant for South America, Asia, Africa.
Motor oils API CH-4 comply with increased requirements and should contain additives, more efficiently prevent valve wear and water treatment on internal surfaces. Can be used as substitutes for motor oils of the API CD, API CE, API CF-4 and API CG-4 in accordance with the recommendations of the engine manufacturer.

CG-4 API Class- The class was presented in 1995.
Motor oils of this class are recommended for four-stroke diesel engines of buses, trucks and tractors of the main and non-maternal type, which are operated in the modes of increased loads, as well as high-speed modes. Motor oil API CG-4 is suitable for engines that use high-quality fuels with a specific sulfur content of not more than 0.05%, as well as in motors for which special requirements for fuel quality are not put forward (the specific sulfur content can reach 0.5% ).
API CG-4 Class Machines must more effectively prevent wear of internal parts of the engine, formation of a car on internal surfaces and pistons, oxidation, foaming, soot formation (these properties are especially needed for modern engines main buses and tractor).
The CG-4 API class has been created in connection with the approval of new requirements and standards for the ecology and toxicity of exhaust gases (edition of 1994). Engine oils of this class can be used in engines for which the CD, API CE and API CF-4 APIs are recommended. The main disadvantage limiting the massive use of this class, for example, in Eastern Europe and Asia, this is the essential dependence of the resource of the car from the quality of the fuel used.

Class API CF-2 (CF-II) - Automal, intended for use in two-stroke diesel engines, which are operated in difficult conditions.
Class introduced in 1994. Motor oils of this class are commonly used in two-stroke diesel engines that operate in high loading conditions. The CF-2 API oils must contain additives that provide the protection of increased efficiency from wear of the internal parts of the engine, such as cylinders and rings. In addition, these cars must prevent deposit accumulation on the inner surfaces of the motor (improved cleaning function).
The CF-2 engineer certified by the CF-2 class has improved properties and can be used instead of earlier similar oils provided that the manufacturer's recommendation is provided.

CF-4 API Class - Motor oils for use in four-stroke diesel engines, starting from 1990 release.
Engine oils of this class can be used in four-stroke diesel engines, the operating conditions of which are associated with high-speed modes. For such conditions, the requirements for the quality of oils exceed the possibilities of the CE class, so the CF-4 motor oils can be used instead of the CE class oils (if there are appropriate engine manufacturer's recommendations).
API CF-4 API must contain appropriate additives that provide a decrease in car utaway, as well as to protect against Nagara in piston group. The main purpose of the motor oils of this class is to use in diesel engines of heavy-duty tractors and other cars that are used for long-distance travels in highways.
In addition, such engine oils are sometimes assigned a dual class API CF-4 / S. In this case, if you have the relevant recommendations of the engine manufacturer, these cars can also be used in gasoline engines.

Class API CF (CF-2, CF-4) - Motor oils for diesel engines with indirect injection. Classes have been introduced since 1990 and to 1994. The digit through a hyphen means a two-or four-stroke engine.
The CF class describes the motor oils recommended for use in diesel engines with indirect injection, as well as other types of diesel engines that operate on fuel of various quality, including with an increased sulfur content (for example, more than 0.5% of the total mass).
Motor oils certified by the CF class contain additives that contribute to more efficient prevention of deposits on piston, wear and corrosion of copper (with copper content) of bearings, which is of great importance for these types of engines, and can be pumped in the usual way, as well as using a turbocharger or compressor. Motor oils of this class can be used where the CD quality class is recommended.

Class API CE - Motor oils for use in diesel engines, starting from 1983 release (outdated class).
The automal of this class was intended for use in some heavy-duty turbocharged engines characterized by a significantly increased working compression. The use of such oils was allowed for engines both with low and high rates of the shaft.
The engine oils of the CE API were recommended for low-and high-rustic diesel engines released, starting since 1983, which were operated in high-load modes. Subject to the availability of the relevant recommendations of the manufacturer of the engine, these cars could also be used in motors for which motor oils of class CD were recommended.

CD-II API class - Motor oils for use in heavy duty diesel engines with a two-stroke rpabamy cycle (outdated class).
The class was introduced in 1985 for use in two-stroke diesel engines and is essentially the evolutionary development of the previous class API CD. The main purpose of using such cars was to use in heavy powerful diesel engines, which were installed mainly on agricultural equipment. The engine oils of this class comply with all the working standards of the previous CD class, in addition, the requirements are significantly increased with respect to the high efficiency engine protection from carbon and wear.

API CD class - Engine oils for diesel engines of high power, which were used in agricultural machinery (outdated class). The class was introduced in 1955 for normal use in some diesel engines, both atmospheric and turbocharged, with an increased compression in cylinders, where effective protection against carbon and wear is extremely important. The engine oils of this class could be used in cases where the engine manufacturer did not put forward additional requirements for fuel quality (including fuel with an increased sulfur content).
The API CDs were required, compared with previous classes, ensure increased protection against corrosion of bearings and high-temperature carpets in diesel engines. Often, motor oils of this class called "Caterpillar Series 3", due to the fact that they comply with the requirements of Superior Lubricants (Series 3) certification, developed by the tractor company Caterpillar.

Class API SS - Motor oils for diesel engines, which are operated in the average load modes (outdated class).
The class was introduced in 1961 for use in some motors, both atmospheric and turbocharged, which were characterized by increased compression. Engine oils of this class were recommended for engines that were operated in moderate and high load modes.
In addition, provided that the manufacturer's recommendations are guided, such cars could be used in some powerful gasoline engines.
Compared to earlier classes, the MOP motor oils should have been provided to a higher level of protection against high-temperature nagar and corrosion of bearings in diesel engines, as well as from rusting, corrosion and low-temperature Nagar in gasoline engines.

API class St. - Engine oils for diesel engines working with an average load (outdated class).
The class is approved in 1949, as an evolutionary development of class CA when using fuel with an increased sulfur content without special quality requirements. The API API was also intended for use in supervisory motors, which were operated in lightweight and moderate modes. Often, this class was called "Motor oils" Appendix 1 ", thereby emphasizing the compliance with the MIL-L-2104A military prescription application 1.

API Class Sa. - Motor oils for low-loaded diesel engines (outdated class).
The automal of this class is intended for use in diesel engines working in light and moderate modes on high-quality diesel fuel. In accordance with the recommendations of car manufacturers, they can also be used in some gasoline engines that are operated in moderate modes.
The class was widely used in the 40s and 50s of the last century and cannot be used in modern conditions, if this is not provided for by the requirements of the engine manufacturer.
Motor oils API CA must have properties that provide protection from nagar on piston rings, as well as corrosion of bearings in supervising motors, for which special requirements for fuel quality, which is used are not provided.

The system of classification of the API motor oils (American Oil Institute) begins to exist since 1969. Its main purpose is the separation of motor oils in quality and used technique.

In accordance with these categories, the necessary designations are used in the names of the relevant standards. For example, usually, oils are standardized in this way have the names of the API SE. Now we will analyze more, which means these letters.

For each new class, an additional letter is assigned alphabetically. Universal oils for gasoline and diesel engines are designated two symbols of the corresponding categories: the first character is the main (indicates for which engine oil), and the second to use the engine from the year, and whether it has a turbine or missing.

S (Service) - consists of the quality categories of motor oils for gasoline engines going in chronological order.

C (Commercial) - consists of categories of quality and appointment of oils for diesel engines going in chronological order.

If the oil passes through several standards, for example, the SJ / CF API means it is also suitable for gasoline and diesel engines of this category. Figure below shows all basic oil standards in the API category.

Based on two table data, we will tell about the most popular categories today.

Gasoline oils

The category approved 06.11.1995, the licenses began to be issued from 15.10.1996. Automotive oils of this category are intended for all currently used gasoline engines and completely replace oils of all previously existing categories in older engine models. Maximum level of operational properties. Possibility of certification in the Energy Saving category API SJ / EC.

Introduced in July 2001 for multiclapped turbocharged engines equipped with exhaust control systems and neutralization systems. The SL API implies the following improvements to engine oils:

• low toxicity exhaust
• protection of exhaust control systems and neutralization
• increased wear
• strengthened Protection of Wristwed-Temperature Sefers
• an extended substitute interval

Entered into force in November 2004. The SM API includes motor oils for gasoline engines released after 2004. Motor oils satisfying the requirements will provide reliable lubrication with turbocharged and multiclap engines. Motor oil certified by aPI classification SM may have an additional specification of ILSAC GF-4, which indicates the high energy-saving properties of engine oil.

(Not in the table) - put into operation in October 2010. Today it is the most recent (because the toughest) requirements that are presented to manufacturers of motor oils for gasoline engines. Certified oils involve the possibility of applying in all gasoline engines of the modern generation (production after 2010).

An important API classification API classification can be noted by the introduction of the following requirements.

• Can be used in engines using biofuels;
• All energy-saving standard oils;
• Increased requirements for ensuring the wear resistance of the engine;
• Motor oils API SN should provide a "long and happy life" system for controlling emissions and "environmentally friendly" exhaust.

Diesel oils

CF - introduced in 1994. Oils for off-road technique, Engines with separation injection, including fuel operating with sulfur content of 0.5% of the mass and higher. Replaces CD oils.

CF-2. - introduced in 1994. Improved characteristics are used instead of CD-II for two-stroke engines. The highest oil for two-stroke engines.

CF-4 - introduced in 1990. For high-speed four-stroke diesel engines with turbocharging and without it. You can apply instead of CD and CE oils. Higher for four-stroke engines.

CG-4 - introduced in 1995. For engines of high-speed diesel engineering fuel with a sulfur content of less than 0.5%. CG-4 oils for engines that fulfill the requirements for the toxicity of exhaust gases introduced in the USA since 1994. Replaces CD, CE and CF-4 Cate oils. Higher for models since 1995.

CH-4 - introduced in 1998. For high-speed four-stroke engines that meet the requirements for the toxicity of exhaust gases introduced in the United States since 1998. CH-4 oils allow the use of fuel with a sulfur content up to 0.5% of the mass. You can use instead of CD, CE, CF-4 and CG-4 oils.

CI-4 - introduced in 2002. For high-speed four-stroke engines designed to meet exhaust gas toxicity standards implemented in 2002. CI-4 oils allow the use of fuel with the sulfur content up to 0.5% of the mass, and are also used in engines with the exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR). Replaces CD, CE, CF-4, CG 4 and CH-4 oils. In 2004, an additional category API CI-4 Plus was introduced. Requirements for planting, sediments, viscous indicators are tightened.

CJ-4 - introduced in 2006. For high-speed four-stroke engines designed to meet the 2006 exhaust toxicity standards on trunk roads. CJ-4 oils allow the use of fuel with sulfur content up to 500 RRT (0.05% of the mass). However, work with fuel in which the sulfur content exceeds 15 RRT (0.0015% of the mass), it may affect the performance of exhaust gas purification systems and / or oil replacement intervals. CJ-4 oils are recommended for engines equipped with diesel particulate filters and other exhaust gas treatment systems.

September 18th, 2016 Admin.

All car owners need to be able to deal with engine oils, be able to read information, hidden in labeling written on the label. Right choice And the use of good quality product gives you a guarantee for a stable and long service life of the car engine. The properties of the lubricating product must be responsible for all the conditions of the manufacturer. Operations of oils take place under high pressure and in the large temperature range, for this reason such stiff requirements are put forward.

To make it easier to select oil selection for a specific type of engine on the necessary characteristics and the required conditions, several types of international standards have been developed. World oil manufacturers use all recognized classifications.

Classification of automotive engine oils:

• ILSAC;
• GOST;
• ACEA.

We often use 3 varieties of classification - API, GOST and ACEA.

The main categories of engine oils tied to the motor type are isolated: diesel or gasoline. There is also universal oil. The packaging necessarily has information on the purpose of the product. Each engine oil includes mineral oilwhich is its main part, and the required number of additives.

Lubrication fluid is separated by chemical composition on:

• Synthetic.
• Mineral.
• Semi-synthetic.

At the container, next to other information, the chemical composition is always written.

What can be written on a canister with oil:

1. Present additives API and ACEA.
2. SAE density classification (viscosity).
3. Barcode.
4. Recommendations of car manufacturers.
5. Specialist. Categories of motor oils.
6. Manufacture date and party number.
7. Pseudonym marking (has nothing to do with standard label, is part of marketing, for example, Fully Synthetic and the like).

To find out what kind of oil is perfect for the motor of your car, we will help to figure out in a more significant marking.

SAE motor oil classification: Table

The main properties that are specified in the markup on the product container are the parameters of the SAE classification density - international norms, adjustable viscosity of oils of dependence on the seasonal change in air temperature.

Because of this, oil is divided into 3 species, which differ in their structure:

• Winter oils Liquid and allow you to launch the car engine at low air temperature without difficulty. The indicator of SAE is indicated by the symbol "w" (for example, 0W, 5W, 10W, and so on). In order to find out the limit value, the number 35 should be subtracted. With a plus air temperature, such oil is not suitable for use, since it becomes too liquid in structure and cannot form a lubricant layer, i.e. It will not perform the functions of its destination.
• Summer oils used at air temperature from 0˚ and above, since the viscosity they have quite large so that at high temperature turns not exceeded the desired indicator for effective lubrication Motor parts. IN winter year can not be launched an oil engine high viscosity. Marked summer oils numerical designation without letters (for example, 5,10,15, etc.; more the number is stronger than viscosity).
• All-season oils They are the most demanded due to the ability to carry out the functions of their destination both in the cold and warm season. Limit values \u200b\u200bof such oils can be viewed in the scheme where deciphered sAE indicators. This type of oil is denoted by double labeling (for example, SAE 15W-40).

The viscosity characteristic is the very first and significant component of the labeling and the specification of the lubricating fluid, but there are other. Making the selection of lubricating fluid, applying only viscosity data is incorrect. It is also necessary to take into account the ratio of the properties of the product and the conditions for its use.

All oils have not only viscosity, but also by many other various operational properties (anti-wear, detergents and antioxidant properties, corrosion activity and others). These properties make it possible to determine their destination area.

Classification of motor oils by API: Table

The main indicators in the classification by API are: the type of engine and its operation mode, the active oil properties and the year of commissioning. Oils are separated by standard for 2 categories:

1. Category "S" - for gasoline engines.
2. Category "C" - designed for diesel engine.

How to decrypt Motor Oil API?

The designation API may begin with the letter "C" or "S". They indicate for what type of engine oil is intended. The following letter defines the product class that shows the level of existing properties.

According to this classification, the explanation of the marking of motor oils looks like this:

• The abbreviated EU designation, located immediately after the API, indicates oil saving energy.
• For the abbreviation, indicating Roman numbers carry information about the level of fuel economy.
• The letter "C" is determined by oils for engines operating on diesel fuel.
• The letter "S" denote oils for gasoline engines.
• Universal oil marked with the letters of both categories through an incision with a slope (for example, API SL / CF).
• After the letters "S" or "C" indicate the degree of operational qualities, it is indicated by the letters from "A" (the smallest indicator) to "n", etc. (The higher the alphabetic order value of the 2nd letter, the higher the product class).
• For diesel engine engines on the API labeling, they are divided into two-stroke and four-strokes (denoted at the end of the number "2" or "4", respectively).

Motor oils that have passed a number of SAE / API checks and comply with the standards of valid quality varieties are indicated as a round mark on the labels. At the top of the sign, there is a designation - "API Service", in the central - the degree of viscosity on SAE, from the bottom - the degree of energy saving (if there is).

Using motor oils for the necessary specification, you increase wear resistance and reduce the risk of motor breakage. This reduces the fuel consumption and "avgar" oil, the engine works quieter, and its challenges Improve (in particular at cold temperatures), the exhaust and catalyst cleaning system is less wearing.

Classification of ILSAC, GOST, ASEA - which means and how to decrypt

Classification and designation of motor oils by ILSAC

Joint development of America and Japan - classification of ilsac. The International Committee for Standardization and Tests was derived 5 lubricating fluid standards:

• ILSAC GF-1,
• ILSAC GF-2,
• ILSAC GF-3,
• ILSAC GF-4,
• ILSAC GF-5.

They are similar to classes on the API and differ only in the fact that the corresponding ilsac classification oils are energy-saving and universal for all seasons. Such a classification stands the best option For Japanese cars.

Classification and designation of motor oils according to GOST

In accordance with GOST 17479.1-85, engine oils are divided into:

• groups on valid properties;
• categories for kinematic viscosity.

Oil viscosity is divided into the following classes:

• Winter period of the year - 3, 4, 5, 6.
• Summer period of the year - 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24.
• Universal - 3/8, 4/6, 4/8, 4/10, 5/10, ... .6 / 16 (1st digit Indicates the winter class, and 2nd - summer).

The greater the numerical designation in all class described above, the higher the level of viscosity.

Oils for engines are divided into 6 groups of use and marked with letters from "A" to "E".

Oils with digital indicator "1" indicate its purpose for use in engines operating on gasoline, "2" - for diesel engines, and the absence of a digital indicator indicates the universality of the fluid.

Classification and designation of motor oils on ASEA

The combination of automakers of European countries has developed ASEA classification. It marked their categories and purpose, as well as engineering properties for engines. This specification is also divided into use in gasoline and diesel types engines.

The latest standards share oils for 3 varieties and 12 groups:

• A / c - diesel and gasoline engines of passenger cars, minibuses and vans (A1 / B1-12, A5 / B5-12, etc.)
• C - diesel and gasoline motors with a catalytic converter (C1-12 .... C4-12).
• E - trucks from diesel engine (E4-12 .... E9-12).

In addition to the classification of motor oil, the ASA marking marks the publication number (updates of those. Requirements) and the year of commissioning. Domestic oils are additionally passing for GOST certification.

Oil groups in the ILSAC category, their compliance with API standards:

• ILSAC GF-1 (outdated category) - the quality of the oil is similar to the classification of the API SH; SAE 0W-20, 5W-35, 10W-40 viscosity.
• ILSAC GF-2 is similar to the quality of the product API SJ, on the density of SAE 0W-20, 5W-25.
• ILSAC GF-3 - corresponds to a variety of API SL, was put into operation in 2001.
• ILSAC GF-4 and ILSAC GF-5 are similar to SM and SN.

Also in accordance with the ILSAC standard for Japanese cars with turbocharged diesel engines, a category of JASO DX-1 has been developed. This marking of oils is designed for engines of new machines with high ecology standards and mounted turbines.

Specifications and tolerances of motor oils

In the ACEA and API specifications, the minimum basic requirements taken by manufacturers of additives and oils and car manufacturers are expressed. The characteristics of oil during operation differ, as different car brands are arranged in different ways. Part of the leading engine manufacturers created their personal method of classifying oils (simplified name - tolerance), which adds additions to the ASEA classification system. Engine manufacturers, such as: BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Porsche, Renault, Ford, Fiat, GM - preferably use personal endorsements when choosing motor oils.

We will understand the more well-known and most common tolerances that are indicated on the Tare of Motor Oils.

Motor oil tolerances for VAG

Motor oil - VW 500.00 - saving energy (SAE 10W-30, 5W-30, 5W-40, etc.) for gasoline engines (up to 2000 release) Calculated VW 501.01 - suitable for any seasonal period. VW 502.00 - intended for use in turbocharged engines.

Motor oil working on gasoline with sAE viscosity 0W-30, - VW 503.00 - requiring a rare replacement (up to 30,000 kilometers). For the engine of the car, which has an exhaust system with a three-component neutralizer, - VW 504.00.

Tolerance of VW 505.00 oils for TDI engines are provided for cars such as Audi, Volkswagen, Skoda working on diesel (up to 2000 release). Motors PDE with pump-nozzle - oil with admission VW 505.01.

For vehicles working on diesel fuel (released after 2002), oil energy-saving oil with viscosity 0W-30 - VW 506.00 - more rarely requires replacement (up to 50.000 kilometers of 4-cylinder TDI engines). For engines operating on diesel fuel with pump-nozzle and turbocharged PD-TDI, - tolerance VW506.01 - rarely requiring oil replacement.

Motor oil tolerances for Mercedes

Personal permits are also available from manufacturers. auto Mercedes-Benz. MV 229.1 permission denotes oil for mercedes enginesoperating on gasoline and diesel, since 1997 issued to production. The permission of MV 229.31, which limits the content of phosphorus and sulfur, is entered into use later, it has compliance with SAE 0W and SAE 5W. Multifunctional oil for engines operating both on gasoline and diesel fuel with an increased service life, as well as energy saving, has permission of MV 229.5.

Motor oil tolerances for BMW (BMW)

For cars, release since 1998, it is proposed to use oils with the designation of "BMW Long Life.-98 ", which comply with ASEA A3 / B3 standards, with an increased operational period. "BMW Long Life-01" - oil tolerance, recommended for car engines, the release of which falls at the end of 2001. With an increased engine load in sophisticated conditions It is recommended to use oils with the admission of "BMW Long Life-01 FE". IN modern cars BMW Apply motor oils with "BMW Long LIFE-04" tolerance.

Motor oil tolerances for Renault

In 2007, Renault manufacturers have developed tolerances that meet the main requirements of ACEA:

• RENAULT RN0700 - AEA A3 / B4 or ASEA A5 / B5.
• RENAULT RN0710 corresponds to the conditions of ASEA A3 / B4.
• RENAULT RN0720 corresponds to the ASEA C3 (some auxiliary from Renault).
• The tolerance of RN0720 is designed for use in modern vehicles operating on diesel fuel with the presence of anteria filter.

Motor Oil Tolerances for Ford (Ford)

SAE 5W-30 Classification Engine Oil, which received the Ford WSS-M2C913-A resolution is calculated for the initial use and subsequent replacement. Such an oil has compliance with all requirements and standards in the following classifications: ASEA A1-98, ILSAC GF-2 and still supporting requirements Ford.

The oil that has a Ford M2C913-B permission corresponds to the necessary standards of ASEA A1-98 and B1-98, ILSAC GF-2 and ILSAC GF-3, recommended for primary use and subsequent replacement in vehicles with diesel and gasoline engines.

In 2012, the Ford WSS-M2C913-D permission was developed and entered. Motor oils with such an indicator are offered for all car Ford. with diesel engine. Except are models Ford. TDCI, launched in production until 2009, and release engines from 2000 to 2006. The tolerance provides for an increased operating period of oil and refueling with a high sulfur or bio-diesel fuel.

Motor oil that received Ford WSS-M2C934-A tolerance is designed for an increased operational period and is intended for use in vehicles with a diesel engine and summer filter (DPF). Oil that corresponds to the tolerance of Ford WSS-M2C948-B, meets the standards for the classification of ASE C2 (for diesel and gasoline engines with a catalyst). The presence of this tolerance suggests that the oil viscosity corresponds to SAE 5W-20 with low-formation.

Choosing the engine oil must be considered as follows:

• The choice of the appropriate chemical composition of oil is synthetic, semi-synthetic or mineral.
• SAE viscosity classification standards (winter, summer or universal).
• A set of additives that meets the requirements (formulated in classifications ASEA and API).
• To pay attention to which brands of cars the product is intended (this information can be considered on the container label).
• It is important not to overcome additional indicators and oil tolerances from the type (for example, the designation Long Life indicates that the oil is suitable for use in cars with an increased service life).
• In the peculiarities of some formulations, a combination with engines can be determined by an intercooler, turbocharging, adjusting the lifting height, timing phases and cooling gas recycling.

Lubricant materials for different machines People use white 150 years. Since they produced two types of raw materials (vegetable origin, and oil), there was no special classification.

A thick consistency (for example, dispatch) was used to lubricate the wheeled hubs, more liquid options were floodied in crankresses with moving mechanisms.

The further development of motor-building has made more and higher demands to consumables. Compatibility standards appeared with engine types internal combustion, Applicability K. various conditions, and even quality. For example, the classification of motor oils by API.

Today, any lubricant contains up to 10 different certificates, tolerances and classifiers. Our material will help to figure out in numbers and abbreviations.

What is an API?

API - American Petroleum Institute (American Institute of Fuel) is engaged in the development of specifications, standards and classifiers of motor oils for the engine. The oil industry has rapidly developed, technological opportunities have emerged to produce lubricants with various properties. Automakers, continuously improving their aggregates, began to impose increased requirements for motor and transmission oils.

So as not to tie the trade brands of oils to car brandsThe largest players in the consumables market decided to develop a unified system of standards.

There was a challenge not just to bring the relationship of automobiles and oil refineries to a common denominator (acting within the framework of free competition). Buyer lubricants Also was supposed to have the right to choose a manufacturer.

API and ILSAC Motor Oil Classification - Video Seminar

The first generally accepted standards were the norms of technical unions of SAE and ASTM. But these designations talked only about basic (rather technological) lubricant properties.

There was a need not only to bind technical fluids To certain types of motors, but also to develop a quality system. The buyer must understand, in which case he pays more, and what advantages he gets.

The so-called "quality classifier" was developed by the US Petroleum Institute (American Petroleum Institute, abbreviated API). The first mention of the API system for engine oil appeared in the late 60s, when, together with SAE and ASTM technical unions, a single standard was developed, operating within ASTM D 4485 and SAE J183 APR96.

Then, for 15 years, the system has adapted to the guests of different countries, studies were carried out with the participation of leading engineers of unions of car manufacturers (AAAM) and engines (EMA). As a result, two techniques were introduced in stages, in which the specification of oils on the API was "legalized":

• Licensing system and certification of motor oils EOLCS;
• Vault of SMA rules.

The specification of the oils according to the API is recognized not only in North America. Starting from the mid-80s, most countries enjoy these standards, not to mention the autoconecens.

This is convenient for the buyer: Going to the store, you can easily navigate. Enough to look at specifications (SAE) and standard quality API. Information is on the label of any lubricant.

Some countries have a national standards system: for example, Russian GOST. According to international conventions, all quality standards systems are compatible with each other, and have an equal semantic load.

For example:

• SC / CA (American Standard API) \u003d B (Russian GOST);
• CD (American Standard API) \u003d D2 (Russian GOST).

The main indicators that manufacturer laid in the alphanumeric symbolic standard of the API standard:

The first letter in the classification refers to the type of fuel. S - gasoline, C - diesel. Consumables for diesel fuel are suitable for commercial equipment (Tractors, processors, excavators, etc.), including for motors working on diesel.

Additional abbreviation EC speaks about energy-saving oil properties. Such lubricant has a high fluidity, which significantly reduces the resistance between driving items.

The second letter (today from A to N), determines that the very quality. The further letter from the beginning of the alphabet, the higher the above. It is by this symbol, in contrast to the manufacturer's advertising messages, the buyer determines that the cost of the consumator is installed (or low).


Consider each of the classifications. Read more:

Classification of motor oils API for gasoline engines

Modern gasoline classification of engine oil via API is indicated by symbol combinations from SA to SN. Automatic places set tolerances in the following order: Each following oil class is compatible with the previous one, reverse compatibility is undesirable.

This means that the engine operating with the standard API SG can be pouring oil SN. But the SF oil instead of SL is impossible.
API decoding looks like this:

API class	Applicability status	Compatibility with aggregates
SM.	suitable	Entered in turnover since 2004, and is suitable for all modern gasoline engines, including highly engaged turbo units.
SL.	suitable	Applied since 2001, it has the function of energy saving, designed for an enlarged replacement interval. This class replaces Literature K, to eliminate confusion with the internal classification of Korean oils.
SJ.	suitable	Inc. since 1996, it has 2 subclass. Since 2001, oils are certified by the Energy Saving category API SJ / EC.
Sh	outdated	Classification is assigned to conditionally acting. After the introduction in 1992, additional certification in the class of energy saving was subjected. In the presence of designations of the API SH / EC and the SH / ECII API can be used in modern motors Without turbocharging.
SG.	outdated	The class was introduced in 1988, and compatible with the engines produced by 1993. It has good anti-wear properties. For outdated engines suitable better than engine oil more recently categories.
Sf.	outdated	Produced for aggregates older than 1988 release. Good compatible with eaten gasoline. For motors working on a two-stroke cycle - the best ratio of lubricating properties.
SE	outdated	High-class oil for work in a large load (forced motors). Compatible with aggregates released from 1972 to 1980
SD.	outdated	Suitable for high load motors, the degree of forcing is medium. Years of production of aggregates - 1967-1971.
SC	outdated	Suitable for high load motors, but without forcing. Years of production of aggregates - 1964-1967.
SB.	outdated	It is intended for motors working with an average load, can only be applied to directly indicate the manufacturer of aggregates.
SA	outdated	Designed for low load gasoline engines, can only be applied to directly indicate the manufacturer of the aggregates.

Video Lecture - Classification of motor oils by SAE and API

Oil quality classes for diesel engines

The classification of diesel engine oils allows you to unmistakably identify consumables by type of fuel. The designation on the API begins with the Latin letter C.
Table car oils for heavy fuel as follows:

API class	Applicability status	Compatibility with aggregates
CJ-4.	suitable	Standard is designed for motors from 2007 release. The main emphasis on certification is made on the compliance of ash content and sulfur performance.
CI-4 Plus	suitable	In addition to the main characteristics of the content of harmful elements, these oils are not oxidized at high load, and also do not evaporate "in the avgar".
CI-4.	suitable	The standard is certified in 2002 to comply with tightened environmental standards. High fluidity allows you to work in low ambient temperatures.
CH-4.	suitable	This API oil class is intended for engines released until 1998. In principle, it consists of modern standards, but strongly depends on the quality of diesel fuel. The composition has additives preventing valve wear.
CG-4.	outdated	It is used mainly for severe commercial equipment. The certificate implies universality in fuel quality, but in practice it is better to pour high-quality diesel fuel into the engine.
CF-4.	outdated	Universal oil for diesel and gasoline engines operating through a four-stroke cycle. Compatible with aggregates released until 1990.
CF-2.	outdated	Applicability - two-stroke motorsworking at high loads.
CE	outdated	Standard is compatible with diesel engines released until 1983. Works well on high pressure turbosways.
CD	outdated	Introduced at the turn of 50-60 years for operation in agricultural machinery. It is used to date on old aggregates.
CC.	outdated	Introduced in 1961, it practically does not apply.
CB.	outdated	Several Improved Formula of the Previous Standard API CA
CA.	outdated	Designed for unauthorized simplest atmospheric.

What is the difference between oils for gasoline and diesel engines?

Specification of motor oils according to the API does not allow to use consumables in different motors. Modern aggregates are very different (under the terms of operation) depending on the fuel.

Temperature, shock loads, soot or ethylene - all this is taken into account in the classifier formula. Some manufacturers averaged the applicability standards and produce consumables that can be used both in diesel and in gasoline engines. In such marking, there are symbols C and S.

However, the buyer should know that universal oils are inferior in quality to specialized lubricants.