Buy engine oil suitable for a car, just enough, if you consider some features vehicle (for example, mileage, general technical condition), the climate of the region in which it is exploited, as well as the prescriptions of the manufacturer, since most often the engine is made under any certain types motor oils.
It is also worth considering both the conditional notation relating to some classification systems of the car, for example, SAE, API. Marking can be seen on any package with lubricating liquid - 0W, SL, A5 / B5. Each classification highlights the types of lubricants based on compliance with their standards. So the API divides the oil on the basis of what type of engine they are intended - gasoline or diesel. Given the labeling, you can choose a suitable engine oil.
General information about the classification of ACEA
The combination of letters is the abbreviation of the French title of the European Association of Auto-Engineering. This organization is the European analogue of the Society of Auto-Engineering in the United States. Also, the classification itself is a European version of the API motor oil specification.
The ACEA classification is valid in the last version, which was adopted in 2004. In this edition of the lubricant for the engines passenger carsoperating on gasoline and diesel, were combined into one category. But due to the fact that some of the modern car can not be used in power units issued until 2004, most of the manufacturers are labeled their lubricants in the old edition of 2002.
Each company advertising its oils and applying conditional designations related to this classification should conduct tests of product quality according to EELQMS requirements (this organization is created to establish compliance with lubricants of this classification - it is it that is engaged in conducting and registering such experts).
Motor oil, its specifications and designations
Decoding conditional designations
The 2004 edition divides lubricating fluids for three-class engines:
- A | B - a category of lubricants intended for use in the engines of passenger cars operating on gasoline or diesel fuel. This class includes the previously existing categories A and B (the first - for the engines on gasoline, the second - on the diesel). Now there are four types of lubricants: A1 / B1, A3 / B3, A3 / B4, ACEA A5 / B5;
- C - new categorycombining lubricating fluids for both diesel engines and for petrol engineswhich meet the requirements of the environmentalities of exhausts. Lubricants of this category can be used in engines with sump filters. By the way, it was the tightening of environmental requirements that influenced the revision of the old classification as amended from 2002. Now there are three types of oils: C1, C2, C3;
- E - a category combining lubricating fluids for loaded diesel engines trucks carsmobile. The oldest category existing since 1995. In the new edition, small edits were made - two types of car were added: E6, E7. 2 obsolete were also excluded.
Example: ACEA A5 / B5 - Letter talks about lubrication belonging to a particular class, and the figure indicates a level of quality.
Characteristics of the types of motor oils according to this classification
- A1 is an oil with low viscosity, with high-temperature operation mode, it is capable of reducing fuel consumption. Used only when recommending a car manufacturer;
- A2 - Lubricant with average operational characteristics. It is used in gasoline engines. The usual frequency of substance replacement;
- A3 - have excellent working properties. Applied as universal seasonal lubricants with low viscosity. Does not require frequent substance replacement;
- B1 - oil has a low viscosity, with high-temperature mode of operation, the fuel consumption is capable of reduced. Used only when recommending a car manufacturer;
- B2 - used mainly in diesel engines with indirect injection;
- B3 - applies mainly in diesel engines with indirect injection, does not require frequent substance replacement, has a low level of viscosity, can be used as a universal all-season lubricant;
- B4 - apply in direct injection diesel engines if there is a manufacturer's recommendation;
- E1 - apply in dyssels with superior and without exploitation no higher than the average level;
- E2 - Used in diesel engines and without a high level of operation;
- E3 - have excellent anti-cartoons and cleaning properties, protects against wear, does not require frequent shift;
- E4 - Used in high-speed diesel engines with a very high level of operation. It has improved properties compared to the previous class.
This classification of motor oils makes higher product requirements than the classification of the API specification.
The editorial office of 2004 includes the following industrial oil classes:
- A1 / B1 - used in passenger cars with a gasoline or diesel engine, allowing to use low-viscosity lubricants that reduce friction. Used on the manufacturer's recommendation;
- A3 / B3 - have a set of properties that help reliably protect the engine from wear, corrosion and acidity. It is used in passenger cars operating on gasoline or diesel;
- A3 / B4 - have the same properties as the previous class, but is intended for gasoline engines and diesel engines with direct injection;
- A5 / B5 - apply in gasoline and diesel engines of passenger cars. A5 / B5 are used on the recommendation of the manufacturer of the power unit. A5 / B5 has increased resistance to aging, therefore, often change the lubricant;
- C1 - Used in gasoline and diesel engines equipped with filtering systems. Used on the manufacturer's recommendation;
- C2 - possess the same properties as the previous class. Also contribute to a decrease in fuel consumption and purify the filtering systems;
- C3 - mechanical stable resistant, have similar properties similar to the previous class, are able to increase the service life of the filtering systems;
- E6 - used in diesel engines that meet the latest environmental requirements, and therefore applied with fuel with sulfur content of about 0.005%;
- E7 - applied in diesel engines that meet the latest requirements of environmental friendliness, counter mechanical influences, protect against wear, incompatible with the particulate filters.
Amendments to the year from 2004
- Combining motor oils for engines operating on gasoline and diesel in one group (ACEA A5 / B5);
- The appearance of a new class of lubricants - C - for engines with filtration systems (ACEA C3);
- Two new types of lubricants E and two were written off (E6, E7 and E2, E4).
Comparison of this classification and specification of oils by API
As mentioned above, the API is significantly inferior in the rigor of the certification of engine oil. So, classes API correspond only to the early editions of the classification of ASE motor oils. For example, ACEA A3 -98 corresponds to SJ, but the analog A3-02 is no longer. B5 -01 corresponds to the CH-4 class, but the B5 -02 of the same oil on the API is also not.
Thus, it can be said that the classification of oils according to the API specification makes requirements for the quality of the product below, which means that significantly loses this classification.
And a little about the secrets of the author
My life is not only connected with the car, namely repair and maintenance. But also I have a hobby like all men. My hobby is fishing.
I started a personal blog in which I share my experience. Many things try various methods and ways to increase the catch. If interested, you can read. Nothing superfluous, only my personal experience.
ATTENTION, only today!
The classification of motor oils in ACEA allows motorists and professionals to navigate the market and choose suitable products from tens of thousands of proposals. Each high-quality oil is tested for compliance with the International Standard.
ACEA (Association Des Constracteuis Europen Des Automobiles, Association of European Auto-Engineering) is a large organization consisting of the most authoritative car manufacturers in Europe. ASEA standards are international. Oil tolerance (ACEA C3, C2, A2, B3, etc.) indicates the applicability of the composition to the components with those or other characteristics.
About standard
Initially, the world existed the API specification (American Petroleum Institute). However, other operating conditions of cars in Europe, continuous development of technologies, constructive differences from american machines Forced manufacturers to create their tolerances of motor oils. In 1996, the first edition of standards was published european Association. Soon the standard became international.
In 2004, the classification has changed. If the standardization was previously passed separately under diesel and gasoline engines, since 2004, oil brands were combined. ASEA A1 / B1, ASEA A3 / B4, and so on. The first pair of letter / digit means the level of characteristics of the gasoline motor, the second - diesel. Oils applicable only for diesel engines or only for gasoline DVS (for example, AEA A3, ASEA A5 or ASEA B5), are not issued today.
The ASEA specification is divided into 4 groups:
Each group has 5 categories indicated by numbers from 1 to 5. Lubricants from them differ in operational properties, compositions.
Marking and their meanings
The editorial office stands out:
- 4 categories of lubricants for gasoline engine and diesel engines of passenger cars / low-loaded equipment (ASEA A3 / B4, A1 / B1, A3 / B3, A5 / B5);
- 4 categories - for diesel engines of heavy equipment (from C1 to C4);
- Grade 4 - for motors with cleaning systems exhaust gases (E4, E6, E7, E9).
Below you can find the decoding of the ASEA specification for different engines. For convenience, the description is divided into groups for purpose.
Class A / B: for gasoline μs and low-loaded diesel engines
A1 / B1 - compositions for gasoline and diesel engine, in which an extended oil replacement range is provided. Provide low friction at high temperature and shift speed up to 3.5 MPa / s.
A3 / B3 - Lubricants for high-performance gasoline engines, diesel engines passenger cars. Designed for an extended replacement interval, use throughout the year, providing normal conditions the work of the DVS In severe conditions for him.
Asea A3 / B4 - for engines with direct fuel injection. Replace A3 / B3 oils. ASEA A3 / B4 class products are energy-saving, reduces fuel consumption.
ASEA A5 / B5 - for high-performance diesel engines, gasoline engines. Provide low friction coefficient at high temperatures, high shift speed. You can apply instead of class ASA A3 / B4 lubricants.
Class C: for internal combustion engine with sump filters and catalytic neutralizers
C1 is the composition for motors with particulate filters, three-component catalytic neutralizers. Extends the service life of the exhaust gas purification system. Provides normal conditions Works in complex operating modes: at high temperatures, shift speed up to 2.9 MPa / s.
C2 - oil for high-performance diesel engines, gasoline engine. Differs from the previous type of content of various substances.
C3 - Low sulphate lubrication. It has a low viscosity at high temperatures, shifts speed up to 3.5 MPa / s.
C4 - Low sulphate lubricants, low sulfur and phosphorus. Have a minimal viscosity at high temperatures and shift speeds up to 3.5 MPa / s.
Class E: For powerful diesel engines, special equipment
E4 - compositions that ensure the purity of the pistons. It is recommended to apply for diesel engines that meet EURO-1-EURO-5 ecology standards working in difficult conditions (high loads, long-term work). Substances are applicable to the technique in which the extended service interval is provided. This specification of motor oil does not imply compatibility with the particulate filters. Compatibility with recycling system must be specified for each specific auto model.
E6 - lubricants compatible with the particulate filters, exhaust recycling systems. Recommended for cars operating on low sulfur fuel.
E7 - compositions for DVS without particulate filters, but with exhaust recycling systems, reduce nitrogen oxide levels.
E9 - products with a similar previous scope of application, but with more stringent requirements for the composition. Used on the most modern machines.
Other standards: differences and similarities
The classification of ASEA is not the only one in the world. The standards of API and ILSAC are also generally accepted. In the CIS countries, lubricants are brought into line with GOST. But this standard does not use when choosing an oil, trusting international classifications.
API.
The American Oil Institute shares all the foundations on which lubricants are made for 5 groups. They are shown in the table below.
| Group | Description |
|---|---|
| I. | Mineral oils obtained by removing paraffins, sulfur, oil aromatics. The base contains less than 90% of saturated compounds. The viscosity index ranges from 90-100 units, the sulfur content is less than 0.03% of the volume. |
| II. | Products with low aromatics and paraffins. Different with increased oxidative stability - retain their properties even at high temperatures. The viscosity index ranges from 100-120 units., Sulfur content is less than 0.03% of the volume. Contains more than 90% of saturated compounds |
| III | Base C. high index Viscosity. Created with help modern technology - catalytic hydrocracking. The viscosity index is more than 120 units, the sulfur content is less than 0.03% of the volume. Contains more than 90% of saturated compounds. Provides creating more durable and resistant to film temperatures than previous types products. |
| IV | The synthetic bases created by mixing polyalphaolefins (PJSC) with polyethylene glycols (PAG). They differ in oxidative stability, a wide range of use temperatures, high viscosity. |
| V. | Naphthenovy, Esters, aromatic, vegetable and other oils that have not included in previous groups. |
S - Quality categories for gasoline engines; depending on the basis and package of additives, conclusions are made regarding the applicability of the finished composition to the machines of certain annual releases. ASA classification divides all lubricants for 4 categories, API - 2:
- S - Quality categories for gasoline engines;
- C - standards for diesel engines.
Each standard contains 2 letters. The first indicates a group (s or c), the second is the year of production of the car to which the oil is applicable.
API is an American standard, but it is recognized worldwide. Therefore, the class on this standard can give European oil.
Ilsac
ILSAC (International Committee on Standardization and Approbation of Motor Oils -INTERNATIONAL LUBRICANT STANDARTIZATION AND APPROVAL COMMITTEE) - an organization established by American and Japanese Associations of car manufacturers (Aaama and Jama). It is clear from the name that it is engaged exclusively by motor oils in contrast to the associations described above. The Committee tightens existing oil tolerances on the basis of its own studies.
Increased requirements are presented to the following characteristics:
Today, the classification of oils divides all the compositions for 5 categories:
Classification of ASAA oils, API, ILSAC - an important criterion for choosing a car for a car. It is always necessary to compare the requirements for the manufacturer of the car with the lubricant marks indicated on the package.
Lubricating oils are used by a person of 3.5 thousand years. Even the simplest cars need them. Before the appearance of oil and products of its processing, vegetable and animal fats were used. For example, during the operation of steam machines, rapeseed oil was used. This material adheres well to metal surfaces and is not washed with water and ferry.
In 1859, oil refining products appeared, served as the basis for creating mineral oils. With the advent of polymer modifiers of viscosity, a transition from summer and winter to all-season compositions was possible.
Types of motor oils
The product is a composition of materials. It consists of two parts: it is the base oil and additive complex. The latter provide the variety of product properties. Depending on the method of producing base oil, it is divided into three types.
1. Mineral, obtained from oil (Mineral).
2. Synthetic, resulting in complex petrochemical synthesis. Marking of synthetic engine oil - FULLY SYNTHETIC. The most qualitative and expensive.
3. Semi-synthetic, made on mineral-based with adding highly efficient synthetic components (semi-synthetic). Reasonable compromise price / quality ratio.
Synthetic oils have a number of advantages in relation to mineral.
Purpose
The main purpose of lubrication is the formation of fine and at the same time durable film on the surface of the rubbing parts to prevent direct contact of their micronether. Thus, wear comes down to a minimum.
Appointment of motor oils: universal, for gasoline and diesel engines. Separate group - for two-stroke power plants. This is evidenced by the corresponding marking of motor oils: the value "Diesel", "2t" or "2 TACT". Her absence indicates a universal application.
Choice
How to choose the marking contains many indicators, but the consumer is interested in two of them:
Quality level (whether it is suitable for a specific car);
Viscosity (whether it is suitable for a certain season and climate).
A special approach requires new, modern cars.
Answers to two main questions gives marking of engine oil. Decryption of it - in the generally accepted indexing system.
There are several of them. Most often, three - SAE, API and ACEA are used. Sometimes ilsac is added to them.
SAE standard
Classification is based on viscous characteristics. They are in this system - the main.
SAE (Association of Automotive Engineers of America) establishes, which range of viscosity indicators includes engine oil.
Marking uses this indicator measured in conventional units. What it is more, the higher the viscosity.
Standard Sets three groups of oils: summer, winter and all-season. The latter is most common.
From the name of different types it becomes clear that according to this label, based on the SAE standard, you can only find out one thing: whether oil is suitable for use in a specific season in certain climatic conditions or not. Just this.
The standard sets three groups of oils. They differ in seasonality of use.
1. 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, 25W - Winter oils. Their six. The parameter with the index W (WINTER) is "Winter". What it is less, the more effective "cold" use. The minimum value is 0.
2. 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 - summer oils. Five them. The parameter without sign W - "Summer". Shows the preservation of viscosity while increasing the temperature. Than this parameter is higher, the more efficient the use of oil in the heat. Maximum value - 60.
3. 10W-50, etc. - all-season. The number of them is 23.
For example, the 5W30 marking means that it is all-season use. It is recommended to use in the range of air temperatures from -30 to +20 degrees.
So, what information characterizing motor oil, SAE marking gives the consumer?
These are information on the temperature characteristics of the environment under which the following is ensured:
1. Scrolling crankshaft a regular electric starter at a cold start.
2. Oil pumping mode through engine highways. When cold start, it must provide a pressure at which dry friction in the pairing is eliminated.
3. Reliable lubrication in summer in conditions of long-term work in hard mode.
API classification
Developer - American Institute of Petroleum products. API allows you to choose an oil for the car depending on the year of its manufacture. After all, the process of improving machines, which consists in the release of more high-speed, lungs and perfect engines, continuously.
Classification is focused on cars produced in America.
Adopted letter marking of engine oil. Decoding is such. S (Service) - gasoline, c (commercial) - diesel. Operational qualities denotes the second label letter, in order from A and further - as quality improves. For example, the SJ class was introduced quite recently. At the same time, he pushed sh. SJ classification is assigned expensive and high-quality oils on a synthetic basis. They are designed for the most modern machines.
Cheaper SH in some parameters are inferior to SJ, they are ideal for cars production of 1994-1989 and earlier. The SF class is focused on older fat and simple motors.
Universal Engine Oil: Marking Dual, for example: SF / CC, CD / SF, etc. SF / CC - "Rather gasoline", CD / SF- "Rather diesel". Example - in the photo.
Due to the dynamic development of diesel engines, their complication occurs: the equipment of turbocharged, etc. For such power plants, special solutions are required. Therefore, the leading manufacturers include in an assortment of oils for diesel engines. These compositions receive a special labeling "Diesel".
In a separate group, oils for gasoline power plants with energy saving function are isolated. They have an additional EU designation (ENERGY CONSERVING).
Classification of the Association of European Automakers (ACEA)
It is characterized by more stringent requirements for the quality of oils. This is due to the fact that in Europe specific operating conditions of cars and several other engine designs.
ACEA classification characterizes the operation of motor oil in high temperatures.
ACEA allocates four classes with marking A, B, C, E. Designed for gasoline, diesel engines, as well as power plants equipped with neutralizers.
The classification in a separate group allocates energy-saving oils. They have some features. When using them, fuel economy is achieved by reducing the thickness of the oil film at high operating temperatures. Some, mostly Japanese, engines are designed precisely under such brands. Energy-saving oils are used only in cases where they are recommended by the car manufacturer. So, BMW and Mercedes-Benz advise them at all do not apply these brands on the machines.
What does the marking of motor oils via ACEA? Classes A and B in the aspect of energy saving are marked equally. What does it mean? Classes A1, A5, B1 and B5 - energy-saving. The rest are standard oils. This is A2, A3, B2, B3 and B4. Energy saving oils are not used in old cars. They require more reliable protection.
Double marking, as A3 / B4, is used to designate universal oils (gasoline or diesel).
A significant part of American and some European automakers are recommended for their compositions compositions corresponding to ACEA A3 / B4, the Japanese concern - ACEA A1 / B2 or A5 / B5.
Classification of ilsac
The brainchild of two Associations of automakers - Japan and America. Has three classes of oils that provide energy saving and intended for passenger petrol cars. Marking: GF-1, GF-2 and GF-3.
These oils are optimally suitable for cars from the rising sun. For the American selected by ILSAC, the API is equivalent.
API and ASE classification set performance indicators Oils. Moreover, their values \u200b\u200bare minimally permissible. Despite the fact that the manufacturers of oils and additives are coordinated with the manufacturers of car manufacturers, they are not always satisfied with the manufacturers. Tests on standard methods cannot fully take into account the features of the operation of new modern engines. Therefore, automakers reserve the right to formulate their specifications that put forward special requirements.
Conducting tests of oils on its engines, they are either pick them up, guided by one of the generally accepted classifications, or develop their own norms indicating the brands that are most suitable and allowed.
Specifications of automakers are mandatory indicated on the package next to the labeling class of operational properties. This requirement is carried out strictly.
All over the world adopted a single marking of engine oil. The decoding of it gives an unequivocal answer to the question about the scope of product.
Consider on the example. So, the marking of the oil of motor 5W40.
This is a synthetic composition for all-season exploitation at air temperature from -30 to +35 degrees.
According to the CJ-4 API classification, oil is used for vehicles manufactured after 2006 and equipped with high-speed diesel engines that comply with emission standards from 2007. Used when working on fuel, which contains no more than 0.05% sulfur. Effective for vehicles with and exhaust recycling system. When working on high-quality, containing no more than 0.0015% sulfur fuel, provides an increased mileage before replacing.
Thus, the marking of the oil 5W40 oil, indicated on the package, contains a sufficient amount of information to determine the suitability of it for operation on specific models cars.
Acea. - Association created by the largest European manufacturers (Alfa Romeo, BMW, Citroen, Peugeot, Fiat, Renault, Volkswagen, Daimler Benz, British Leyland, DAF).
It was founded as a result of the CCMC merge with ATIEL. The CCMC specification, which is currently replaced by ACEA, classify products as G for gasoline, PD for lungs and D for heavy diesel engines.
ACEA Specifications were designed to improve quality, performance and better attitude towards the surrounding environment.
Acceptance of ACEA specifications implies:
- Introduction to the operation of new innovation materials, in comparison with the currently used
- Analysis and certification of quality levels of each used formula
- The obligation of manufacturers does not make changes to the approved formulas
- ISO 9001/2 Factory Certification
- Consent of manufacturers with ATIEL standards, organization, together with CCMC identifying methods and parameters of the basis of ACEA certificates
Tests required by ACEA specifications are added to the CCMC formulated and make them more stringent.
The following letters classly class types:
[A] - gasoline engines
[B] - Light diesel engines
[C] - Fangs with devices to reduce the number of exhaust
[E] - Heavy diesel engines
Digital categories indicate various methods Applications associated with a certain class of engines specified by letters. The latest update of the ACEA specifications occurred in February 2002.
Responsibility for choice necessary category ACEA lies on the engine manufacturer.
Oils attached to a certain category can also comply with the requirements of another, but in specific engines The oil should be poured a certain category and class.
The reference for the year is only for industrial necessities, giving information about the level and quality of the materials used. More than fresh editions of the specifications mean that new tests were conducted or new requirements were introduced into the category. At the same time, the editors retain backward compatibility, new will always fully maintain the level of old, except when a new category is introduced.
Gasoline engines
A1. Oil for gasoline engines, low viscosity, friction and high temperature. These oils are not suitable for use in some engines. For more information, you need to watch the car service book. The oils that increase fuel savings are described.
A2. Canceled
A3. Stable oil for use in high-performance engines with an increased oil change interval, in which manufacturers of low viscosity oils and a wide temperature range
A4. Not used
A5. Stable oil with a constant viscosity, for engines with an increased oil replacement interval, which requires low viscosity oil and high use temperature. May not be approached for some types of engines, for more information you need to watch the car's service book.
Light diesel engines
B1. Oil for diesel engines of light machines that require low viscosity and friction oil and high operating temperatures. This oil may not be approached by some types of engines, for more information you need to watch the car's customer book.
B2. Canceled
B3. Stable oil for use in high-performance diesel engines for light cars with an increased oil replacement interval, in which manufacturers of low viscosity oils and a wide temperature range
B4. Repeats specifics B3, but for direct injection engines
B5. Stable oil with a constant viscosity, for diesel engines of light machines with an increased interval of oils, which requires low viscosity and high temperature oil. May not be approached for some types of engines, for more information you need to watch the car's service book.
Diesel buggers with devices to reduce the number of exhaust
C1. Stable oil, created for use in diesel engines, equipped with filters of exhaust solid particles, which also requires low viscosity oil, low ash and at HHS above 2.9. These oils increase the lifetime of solid particle filter and maintain fuel savings. Attention. Oil data is supported by a largest low ash contentment requirements and may not be approached for all bikes, for more information you need to watch car service book.
C2. Stable oil, created for use in diesel engines, equipped with extlined solid particle filters, which also requires low ash oil and HHS above 2.9. These oils increase the lifetime of solid particle filter and maintain fuel savings. Attention. Oil data is supported by a largest low ash contentment requirements and may not be approached for all bikes, for more information you need to watch car service book.
C3. Stable oil created for use in diesel engines equipped with extlop solid particle filters. These oils increase the lifetime of solid particle filter and maintain fuel savings. Attention. Oil data is supported by a largest low ash contentment requirements and may not be approached for all bikes, for more information you need to watch car service book.
C4. Stable oil, created for use in diesel engines equipped with fetal exhaust filters, which also requires low ash oil and HHS above 3.5. These oils increase the lifetime of solid particle filter and maintain fuel savings. Attention. Oil data is supported by a largest low ash contentment requirements and may not be approached for all bikes, for more information you need to watch car service book.
Heavy diesel engines
E1 Outdated.
E2. Oil for overall prizes in diesel engines, including superimposed, designed to work in normal and extreme conditions, with normal oil replacement intervals.
E3. This lubricant category provides effective care for cleaning the pole, reducing friction and nagar, as well as increasing the stability of lubrication. Also, this category is recommended for engines that meet EURO-I or EURO-II emissions in severe working conditions. It is also suitable for an enlarged oil replacement interval.
E4. Stable oils that ensure efficient care for cleaning the pole, reducing friction and nagar, as well as increasing the stability of lubrication. Also, this category is recommended for high-performance engines that meet EURO-I, EURO-II and EURO-III emissions in difficult working conditions, such as Silbly Increased oil change intervals
E5 Stable oils that ensure efficient care for cleaning the pole. It also ensures control of friction and the number of deposits on the discharge. The level of carbon monoxide and lubrication stability meets the Specifications E3. Recommended for high-power engines
E6. Stable oil, providing excellent purification of pistons, control over naigar and lubrication stability. Recommended for the highest efficient engines falling under the requirements of Euro I-IV by level harmful emissions and working in the most difficult conditions like a significantly enlarged oil change interval according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Suitable for engines with the exhaust gas recirculation system with or without particle filters, as well as for engines equipped with catalysts for the neutralization of exhaust gases. E6 specifications are especially recommended for engines equipped with particle filters and are designed for use in combination with diesel fuel Low sulfur content. Recommendations may vary depending on the engine, so if doubt you need to contact the service book.
E7. Stable oil, providing excellent purification of pistons and polishing cylinders. Provides a decrease in wear, control over naigar and lubrication stability. Recommended for the highest efficient engines that fall under the requirements of EURO I-IV in terms of harmful emissions and working in the most difficult conditions such as a significantly enlarged oil change interval on the manufacturer's recommendations. Suitable for engines with the exhaust gas recirculation system with or without particle filters, as well as for engines equipped with catalysts for the neutralization of exhaust gases. Recommendations may vary depending on the engine, so if doubt you need to contact the service book.
Each car owner should be able to decipher the marking of the engine oil, applied to the product packaging, because the pledge of durable and stable work The engine is the use of a qualitative one to meet all the requirements of the manufacturer. Such major requirements are made by them due to the fact that the oils have to work in a wide temperature range and under high pressure.
From this article you will find out:
Marking of engine oil contains all the necessary information for the right choice, it just needs to be able to decipher
To streamline and simplify the oil selection procedure for a particular type of engine according to the required characteristics and tasks assigned to it, a number of international standards have been developed. World oil manufacturers use such generally accepted classifications:
- ACEA;
- ILSAC;
- GOST.
Each of the types of labeling oils has its own history and market share, deciphering the value of which, allows you to navigate in the choice of the required lubricating fluid. In the main one, we use three types of classification - this API and ACEA, and also, naturally, GOST.
Mix 2 main class of engine oils, depending on the type of engine: gasoline or diesel, although there is also universal oil. The destination data is always indicated on the label. Any engine oil consists of a basic composition (), which is its basis, and certain additives. The base of the lubricating fluid is oil fractions that are obtained by refining oil or artificially. Therefore, the chemical composition is divided into:
- mineral;
- semi-synthetic;
- synthetic.
On the canister, along with another labeling, always indicate and Him. structure.
What can be on the label canister with butter:
- Viscosity class SAE.
- Specifications API. and Acea..
- Tolerances automakers.
- Barcode.
- Part number and production date.
- Pseudo-archling (is not generally accepted standard labeling, but applied as marketing stroke, for example, FULLY SYNTETIC, HC, with the addition of smart molecules, etc.).
- Special categories of motor oils.
To help buy exactly what will be suitable for the engine of your car is best, we will decipher the most important marking of engine oil.
Marking of motor oils by SAE
The most important characteristic that is indicated in the label on the canister - the SAE classification viscosity coefficient is an international standard that regulates with positive and minus temperatures (boundary value).
In accordance with the SAE standard, the oil is designated in XW-Y format, where X and Y are some numbers. First number - this is symbol The minimum temperature at which the oil is normally pumping through the channels, and the engine is scrolled without difficulty. Letter W means the English word Winter - Winter.
Second number Conditionally means the minimum and maximum value of the boundary of the high-temperature viscosity of the oil when it is heated to the operating temperature (+ 100 ... + 150 ° C). The value of the number above, the more thick when heated, and vice versa.
Therefore, oils are necessarily divided into three types depending on the value of viscosity:
- winter oilsThey are more flowable and ensure trouble-free engine launch during the cold season. In the designation of the SAE indicator of such an oil, the letter "w" will be present (for example, 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, etc.). To understand the boundary value you need to take away the number 35. In hot time, such oil is not able to provide lubricating film and maintain the necessary pressure in the oil system due to the fact that at high temperature its fluidity is excessive;
- summer oils It is used when the average daily temperature is not lower than 0 ° C, since its kinematic viscosity is high enough to increase the desired value for good lubrication of the engine parts. At minus temperatures, the start of the engine with such a high viscosity is impossible. The summer brands of oils are denoted by a numerical value without letters (for example: 20, 30, 40, and further; the greater the number, the higher the viscosity). The population thickness is measured in centistoxes at 100 degrees (for example, a value of 20 speaks of a boundary thickness of 8-9 centistox at a motor temperature of 100 ° C);
- all-season oils Most popular because they are capable of working both for minus and positive temperatures, the boundary value of which is specified in the decoding of the SAE indicator. Such oil has a double designation (example: SAE 15W-40).
When choosing an oil viscosity (from your car allowed to use in the engine), you need to be guided by such a rule: the more mileage / older motor - the more should be high temperature viscosity Oil.
Viscous characteristics are the very first and important element classifications and marking of motor oils, but not the only one - choose oil purely by viscosity is not correct. Always it is necessary to choose the correct attitude of the properties. Oils and conditions for its operation.
Each oil besides viscosity has a different set of operational properties (detergents, antioxidant properties, anti-wear, tendency to the emergence of various deposits, corrosion activity and others). They allow you to determine the possible area of \u200b\u200btheir application.
In the API classification, the main indicators are: engine type, motor operation, operational properties of oil, conditions of application and year of release. The standard provides for the separation of oils into two categories:
- Category "S" - shows intended for gasoline engines;
- Category "C" - indicates the purpose for diesel vehicles.
How to decipher API marking?
As already found out, the designation API can begin with the letter S or C, which will talk about the type of engine in which you can pour, and another letter of the oil class designation showing the level of operational properties.
According to this classification, the labeling of the engine oil marking is carried out as follows:
- abbreviation EC.which is immediately after API, denote energy-saving oils;
- roman numerals After this abbreviation speak about the level of fuel economy;
- letter S. (Service) means applications oils for gasoline engines;
- letter C. (Commercial) are designated;
- after one of these letters follows the level of operational properties indicated by letters from A (most low level) to N. and further (the higher the alphabetic order of the second letter in the designation, the higher the class of oil);
- universal oil has the letters of both categories via oblique line (for example: API SL / CF);
- the labeling API for diesel is divided into two-stroke (digit 2 at the end) and 4-stroke (digit 4).
Those motor oil, who passed the test API / SAE and comply with the requirements of the current quality categories, denote on labels round graphic sign. At the top there is an inscription - "API" (API Service), in the middle of the SAE viscosity, as well as the possible degree of energy saving.
When using oil on "its" specification, the wear and risk of the engine breakdown decreases, the "avar" of oil, fuel consumption decreases, the noise is reduced, the driving characteristics of the engine are reduced (especially when low temperatures), and also increases the service life of the catalyst and the exhaust cleaning system.
Classifications ACEA, GOST, ILSAC and how to decrypt designation
ACEA classification was developed by the Association of European Automobiles. It contains operational properties, destination and category of engine oil. ACEA classes are also divided into diesel and gasoline.
The last edition of the standard provides for the separation of oils into categories and 12 classes:
- A / B. – gasoline and diesel engines passenger cars, vans, minibuses (A1 / B1-12, A3 / B3-12, A3 / B4-12, A5 / B5-12);
- C. – gasoline and diesel engines with catalyst exhaust gases (C1-12, C2-12, C3-12, C4-12);
- E. – diesel engines of trucks (E4-12, E6-12, E7-12, E9-12).
In the designation of ACEA, in addition to the engine oil class, the year of its introduction is indicated, as well as the publication number (when updates were technical requirements). Domestic oils also undergo certification according to GOST.
Classification of motor oils according to GOST
According to GOST 17479.1-85, motor oils are divided into:
- classes for kinematic viscosity;
- groups on operational properties.
By kinematic viscosity Oils are divided into such classes:
- summer - 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24;
- winter - 3, 4, 5, 6;
- all-season - 3/8, 4/6, 4/8, 4/10, 5/10, 5/12, 5/14, 6/10, 6/14, 6/16 (first digit indicates a winter class, the second on summer).
In all listed classes, the more numerical value, the greater the viscosity.
In terms of application All engine oils are divided into 6 groups - indicated by the letter "A" to "E".
The index "1" is denoted by oils intended for gasoline engines, index "2" - for diesel, and oils without an index indicate its versatility.
Classification of motor oils by ILSAC
ILSAC - Japan invention of Japan and America, the International Committee for Standardization and Testing of Motor Oils issued five standards of engine oils: ILSAC GF-1, ILSAC GF-2, ILSAC GF-3, ILSAC GF-4 and ILSAC GF-5. They are completely similar to the class on the API, the difference is only that the oils appropriate classifications on ILSAC are energy-saving and all-season. This classification is best suited for Japanese cars.
Compliance with Categories of ILSAC relative to the API:
- GF-1 (outdated) - Oil quality requirements similar categories API sh; According to the viscosity of SAE 0W-XX, 5W-XX, 10W-XX, where XX-30, 40, 50,60.
- GF-2 - Maintains the requirement by quality Oil API SJ, and the viscosity of SAE 0W-20, 5W-20.
- GF-3. - is an analog category API SL and enacted since 2001.
- Ilsac GF-4 and GF-5 - respectively sM and SN analogs.
In addition, within the framework of the standard ISLAC for Japanese cars with turbocharged diesel engines, separately used jaso DX-1 class. This marking car oils Provides engines modern cars With high ecology parameters and built-in turbines.
IN aPI classifications And Acea formulated the minimum basic requirements that are agreed between oil producers and additives and manufacturers of cars. Since the designs of engines of different brands differ among themselves, the conditions of oil work in them are not entirely the same. Some main engine manufacturers have developed their own classification system. motor oils so-called tolerancesthat complements the ACEA classification system, with its own test engines and tests in the field. Engine manufacturers such as: VW, Mercedes-Benz, Ford, Renault, BMW, GM, Porsche and Fiat, preferably enjoy their own approval when choosing an oil for fill in the engine. The operating instructions are necessarily present specification, and their numbers are applied to the oil package, next to the designation of its class of operational properties.
Consider and decipher the most popular and frequent tolerances present in the designations on cannors with engine oils.
Tolerances Concern VAG for passenger cars
VW 500.00 - energy-saving engine oil (SAE 5W-30, 10W-30, 5W-40, 10W-40, etc.), VW 501.01 - All-season, intended for use in ordinary gasoline engines, produced up to 2000, and VW 502.00 - for turbocharged.
Tolerance VW 503.00 It includes that this oil for gasoline engines with the viscosity of SAE 0W-30 and with an enthusiastic replacement interval (up to 30 thousand km), and if exhaust system With a three-component neutralizer, then the engine is poured into the engine with the VW 504.00 tolerance.
For Volkswagen cars, Audi and Skoda with diesel engines, a group of oils with tolerances are provided. VW 505.00 for TDI motorsproduced until 2000; VW 505.01 Recommended for PDE engines with pump-nozzle.
Energy Saving Engine Oil Viscosity Class 0W-30 with tolerance VW 506.00 It has an increased replacement interval (for V6 TDI motors up to 30 thousand km, 4-cylinder TDI to 50 thousand). Recommended for use for diesel engines of the new generation (after 2002 release). For turbocharged motors and pump-nozzle PD-TDI, it is recommended to pour oil with tolerance VW 506.01 Having the same extended replacement interval.
Mercedes passenger car tolerances
Mercedes-Benz autoconecern also has its tolerances. For example, engine oil with designation MB 229.1. It is intended for diesel and gasoline engines Mercedes issued since 1997. Tolerance MB 229.31 Entered into actions later and corresponds to the SAE 0W-, SAE 5W specifications with additional requirements that limit the sulfur and phosphorus content. MB 229.5. - It is energy-saving oil with extended service life, both for diesel and gasoline engines.
Motor oil tolerances BMW
BMW Longlife-98 Such a tolerance has a car intended for filling into the engine of machines manufactured since 1998. The enlarged service interval of the replacement is provided. Complies with the basic requirements of ACEA A3 / B3. For engines released at the end of 2001, it is recommended to use oil with admission BMW Longlife-01. Specification BMW Longlife-01 Fe It provides for the use of a car during operation in difficult conditions. BMW Longlife-04 allowed to use in modern motors BMW.
Motor Oil Tolerances for Renault
Tolerance RENAULT RN0700. It was introduced in 2007 and complies with the basic requirements: ACEA A3 / B4 or ACEA A5 / B5. RENAULT RN0710. performs requirements for ACEA A3 / B4, and RENAULT RN 0720. ACEA C3 plus additional Renault. Tolerance RN0720. Designed for use in diesel engines last generation with sump filters.
Ford tolerance
Motor sAE oil 5W-30 having tolerance Ford WSS-M2C913-A, It is intended for primary and service replacement. This oil The classification by ILSAC GF-2, ACEA A1-98 and B1-98 and additional requirements of Ford is responsible.
Oil with admission Ford M2C913-B It is intended for primary fill or service replacement in gasoline and diesel engines. It also meets all the requirements of ILSAC GF-2 and GF-3, ACEA A1-98 and B1-98.
Tolerance Ford WSS-M2C913-D was introduced in 2012, butters with such admission are recommended for all diesel engines Ford. with the exception of ford models KA TDCI, released until 2009 and engines issued between 2000 and 2006. It provides for the possibility of an increased replacement interval and refueling bio-diesel or high-fuede fuel.
Oil having tolerance Ford WSS-M2C934-A Provides an increase in the replacement interval and is intended for filling in cars with a diesel engine and a diesel filter (DPF). Maslo, corresponding specification Ford WSS-M2C948-B, Based on the ACEA C2 class (for gasoline and diesel engines with a catalyst). This tolerance requires an oil with a viscosity of 5W-20 and low-formation.
When choosing an oil, you need to remember several of the main points - this right choice The required chemical composition (mineral water, synthetic, semi-synthetic), viscosity classification parameter, and know the necessary requirements for a set of additives (defined in API and ASA classifications). Also on the label should contain information for which brands of cars this product is suitable. It is no less important to pay attention to additional notation Motor oil. For example, labeling Long Life. It indicates that the oil is suitable for machines with an enlarged replacement interval. Also among the features of some formulations, compatibility with engines having turbocharging, intercooler, recycling gas cooling, GDM phases and valve lifting height.
