Classification motor oils API.(American Oil Institute) is widely recognized as establishing minimum working standards and levels of oil quality for gasoline and diesel engines. This classification has been significantly improved as quality requirements increase. lubricantsThat, in turn, was caused by a significant improvement in engine technologies that have also resulted in an increase in the power of dimensions of dimensions, improving the quality of the metal, from which the parts of the engines and the increase in mechanical strength are manufactured, and, of course, an increase in operational loads.
Motor oils for gasoline engines designated in this classification letter S (Service Station)and categories are in the range of (oil for work in the easiest modes containing a small amount or not containing additives at all) to the most newest category (Oils for modern powerful, multiclapped engines, often with turbo and super-chandeway). A similar range of categories is different oils for diesel engines, where the name of the category begins with the letter C (commercial). This includes categories from before. These are oils designed to work in newest Diesels and under modern operating conditions.
Below is given short description All categories in their evolutionary development in terms of service classifications of motor oils of the American Institute of Oil. In cases where the "Outdated Category" mark is present, this means that this category has been replaced by a new category.
Performance standards API.specified using API contractions SJ and API CE:
. The first letter means the type of engine (S \u003d gasoline, and C \u003d diesel)
. The second letter means the level of performance, and the lower the level of characteristics, the higher the letter in the alphabet.
Gasoline engines
API.
SG.
Oils for use in the 1989 gasoline engines. For use in gasoline engines of modern passenger cars, vans and light trucks serviced in accordance with the recommended manufacturer procedures. Oils designed for this application provide improved net protection in engines, oil oxidation and engine wear, compared with previous categories, and also provide protection against rusting and corrosion. SG Catellite Oils meet the requirements for operation in diesel engines and can be used where categories, SF / CC or SE / CC are recommended.
API.
Sh
Oils for use in 1994 gasoline engines. The category was adopted in 1992 to determine the characteristics of motor oils recommended since 1993 for the usual use in gasoline engines of the modern park of passenger cars, vans and light trucks served on the recommendations and instructions of manufacturers. This category exceeds the requirements of the category and was designed to replace it for improving the anti-aircraft, antioxidal, anti-wear quality oils and protection against rusting and corrosion. The oils of this category that satisfy the requirements of the API SH were tested according to the requirements of the Chemical Products Association (SMA). The product is approved by the Code of Practice and can be applied according to the API recommendations regarding the interchangeability of the oil bases and working tests of viscosity gradation. Oils of this category can be used in cases where a category and earlier categories are recommended.
API.
SJ.
Oils for use in the 1996 gasoline engines. The expatient category API SJ characterizes the engine oils sold on the market since 1996 SJ includes the same minimum indicators as sh, which it should replace, as well as additional requirements for carography control and work at low temperatures with bench tests. Oils of this category are intended for normal use in gasoline engines of modern and earlier passenger cars and sports cars, vehicle, vans and light trucks served on the recommendations and instructions of manufacturers. Oils that meet the requirements of the API SJ can be used in cases where the category and earlier categories are recommended.
API.
SL.
Oils for engines for cars released after 2000 for multiclapped, turbocharged, with work on depleted mixtures, with increased energy saving and environmental requirements. Oils that meet the requirements of the API SL, SM can be used in cases where category and earlier categories are recommended.
API.
SM.
The category approved November 30, 2004. In addition to the SL category, antioxidant and anti-wear properties are improved. Improved low-temperature properties. The possibility of certification by ILSAC Energy Saving category.
API.
SN.
The category approved October 1, 2010 is designed for oils operated in the most modern gasoline engines of passenger and sports cars and small vans. Oils of this category have improved antioxidant and detergent properties, provides high protection against wear and corrosion. Strengthened high temperature properties for operation in turbocharging engines. Can be used where it is recommended to use the SM and SL oils. Some oils from this category may correspond to the ILSAC GF-5 specification and qualify as energy-saving.
EU API
Classifications on the basis of the Sangered ™ Energy Energy Energy - EU 1995. There are two gradations that determine the category of oils for gasoline engines created in order to increase the economy of fuel. Tseo denotes oils that increase the economy of fuel in the course of standard tests of at least 1.5% compared with conventional oils, and Tweed-IIU - at least 2.5%
Diesel engines
API CE
Oils for use in diesel engines 1983 (outdated category). For use in certain powerful engines With turbocharged and additional compression made, starting from 1983, and working at large loads both with low and high frequency of rotation of the shaft. Can also be used in conditions for which category oils are recommended.
API.CF.
Used in diesel engines with indirect injection - CF 1994. Typical use for diesel engines with indirect injection, as well as other types of diesel engines using various types of fuel, including with an increased sulfur content (for example, more than 0.5% by weight. ). CF oils contribute to the effective prevention of deposits in piston, wear and corrosion of bearings with copper content, which is of great importance for these types of engines, and can be absorbed in the usual way, to be supplied using a turbocharger or supercharger. Oils of this technical category can be used instead of oils.
CF-4 API
Oils for use in the 1990 diesel engines for typical use in four-stroke diesel engines operating at high speeds, where requirements exceed the capabilities of the category and use instead of CE category oils. Provide improved oil consumption and nagar protection on pistons. In particular, effective in diesel powerful tractacles and vehicles on highways. Combined with the corresponding category can be used in gasoline engines, if recommended by the manufacturer.
API CF-2
Used in two-stroke diesel engines of heavy regime - CF-2 1994. Typical use for two-stroke engineswhich requires a highly efficient prevention of erasing the cylinder and rings, as well as deposits. It has an improved effect and can be used instead of other materials if necessary.
API.CG-4.
The category is presented in 1995. Oils are designed for high-load, high-speed, four-stroke diesel engines trucks The main type of fuel using a sulfur content is less than 0.05% of the mass and non-male type (the sulfur content can reach 0.5% of the mass). Effectively suppress the formation of high-temperature nagar on pistons, wear, foaming, oxidation, soot formation (these properties are necessary for engines of new trunk tractors and buses). The category is created to meet the requirements of the US toxicity of exhaust gases (edition of 1994). Replaces category oils, and. The main disadvantage limiting the use of oils of this category in the world is a relatively large dependence of the oil resource on the quality of the fuel used.
API.CH-4.
The category was presented on December 1, 1998. Oils of this category are intended for high-speed, four-stroke engines that perform the requirements of the strict standards of 1998 to the toxicity of exhaust gases. They meet the highest requirements not only American, but also European manufacturers of diesel engines. Specially formulated for use in engines using fuel with sulfur content up to 0.5% by weight. In contrast, use is allowed diesel fuel With sulfur content more than 0.5%, which is an important advantage in countries in which high-chart fuels (South America, Asia, Africa) are common. Oils satisfy increased requirements for decreasing valve wear and reduction of Nagar's formation. Replace oil categories, and.
API.CI-4.
Category introduced since 2002 .
The oil corresponding to this level has higher dispersing properties (the amount of clean-dispersing additives), has an increased resistance to thermal oxidation compared to the class, it provides a decrease in oil consumption on the waste due to a decrease in volatility and reduce evaporation losses under the influence of gases at operating temperature 370 ° C. Improved cold pumping, increased engine seals resource due to improving compatibility with oils. The class is introduced taking into account the tightening of the requirements for the environmental characteristics of motors manufactured from October 1, 2002.
API CI-4 Plus.
Operational category for diesel engines with more stringent requirements for soot. Upon receipt of this classification, the engine oil is tested in 17 motor tests.
API GL-3
Oils for gears operating in medium severity. Contain up to 2.7% of anti-wear additives. Designed to lubricate the conical and other transfers of trucks. Not intended for hypoid gears.
API GL-4
Oils for gears operating in different gravity - from the lungs to heavy. Contain 4.0% of effective anti-promotional additives. Designed for cones and hypoid gears that have a small axis offset, for cargo transmission boxes, for the mains of the leading bridge. The oils of the GL-4 API are designed for non-synchronized gearboxes of North American trucks, tractors and buses (commercial vehicles), for the main and other gears of all motor vehicles. Currently, these oils are basic and for synchronized gears, especially in Europe. In this case, on the label or on a sheet of data, there should be an inscription about such a purpose and confirmation of compliance with the requirements of machine manufacturers.
API GL-5
Oils for the most loaded gears operating in harsh conditions. Contain up to 6.5% of effective anti-promotional and other multifunctional additives. The main purpose is for hypoid gears having a significant displacement of the axes. Used as universal oils for all other aggregates mechanical transmission (except gearbox). For a synchronized mechanical transmission, only oils that have special confirmation of compliance with the requirements of machine manufacturers are applied. Can be used for differential increased frictionif compliance with the requirements of specifications MIL-L-2105D (in the USA) or ZF TE-ML-05 (in Europe). Then the class designation has additional signs, for example, the GL-5 + API or API GL-5 SL. Oils for the most loaded gears operating in very difficult conditions (high sliding speeds and significant shock loads). Contain up to 10% of highly efficient contamination additives. Designed for hypoid gears with a significant displacement of the axes. Corresponds to the highest level of operational properties.
API MT-1
Oils for high-loaded units. Designed for non-crown mechanical boxes Transmission of powerful commercial vehicles (tractors and buses). Equivalent to oils, but possess increased thermal stability.
PG-2 API
Oils for the transmission of leading bridges of powerful commercial vehicles (tractors and buses) and mobile technology. Equivalent to oils, but have increased thermal stability and improved compatibility with elastomers.
For mechanical gearboxes (except hypoid), oils are mainly used and; For hypoid major gear: API GL-4 - for medium loaded gears and API GL-5 - for highly loaded gears, including hypoid with a significant displacement of the axes. Oil companies produce universal oils designed simultaneously both for the gearbox with synchronizers and for the synthene-loaded hypoid gears.
Probably, any car enthusiast will agree that the key to the durable and reliable operation of the engine is the use of high-quality engine oils, whose characteristics would be suitable to the parameters given by the manufacturer. Given the fact that automotive oils operate in a wide range of temperatures and at a large pressure, as well as exposed to aggressive media, very serious requirements are presented to them. In order to streamline oils and facilitating the procedure for their selection for a particular type of engine, a number of international standards have been developed. Currently, the world's leading manufacturers use the following generally accepted classification of motor oils:
- SAE - Society of automotive engineers;
- API - American Oil Institute;
- ACEA - Association of European Car Manufacturers.
- ILSAC - International Committee for Standardization and Testing of Motor Oils.
Domestic oils also undergo certification according to GOST.
SAE motor oil classification
One of the main properties of engine oils is viscosity, which varies depending on the temperature. SAE classification shares all oils depending on their viscosity on the following classes:
- Winter - 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, 25W;
- Summer - 20, 30, 40, 50, 60;
- All-season oils are indicated by a dual number, for example, 0W-30, 5W-40.
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SAE class |
Low-temperature viscosity |
High temperature viscosity |
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Turning |
Pummier |
Viscosity, mm 2 / s, at 100 ° C |
Minimum viscosity, MPa * C, at 150 ° C and shift speed 10 6 s -1 |
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Maximum viscosity, MPa * with |
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6200 at -35 ° С |
60000 at -40 ° С |
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6600 at -30 ° С |
60000 at -35 ° C |
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7000 at -25 ° C |
60000 at -30 ° С |
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7000 at -20 ° С |
60000 at -25 ° C |
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9500 at -15 ° C |
60000 at -20 ° С |
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13000 at -10 ° С |
60000 at -15 ° С |
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3.5 (0W-40; 5W-40; 10W-40) |
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3.7 (15W-40; 20W-40; 25W-40) |
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Basic characteristic winter oils is an low-temperature viscositywhich is determined by the indicators of turning and pumping. Maximum low-temperature viscosity washing It is measured according to the ASTM D5293 method on the Viscometer CSS. This indicator corresponds to the values \u200b\u200bin which the rotational speed required to start the engine is provided. crankshaft. Viscosity pouring Determined by the ASTM D4684 method on the MRV viscometer. The temperature limit of pumpability determines the minimum temperature at which the pump is capable of feeding the oil to the parts of the engine, not allowing dry friction between them. Viscosity, providing normal work Lubrication systems, does not exceed 60,000 MPa * p.
For summer oils Mounted minimum and maximum values kinematic viscosity At 100 ° C, as well as indicators of the minimum dynamic viscosity at a temperature of 150 ° C and a shift rate of 10 6 s -1.
All-season oils must satisfy the requirements that are defined for the corresponding classes of winter and summer oils included in the designation.
Classification of motor oils by API
The main indicators of oils in accordance with the API classification are: engine type and operation mode, operational properties and application conditions, year of manufacture. The standard provides for the separation of oils into two categories:
- Category "S" (Service) - oils intended for 4-stroke gasoline engines;
- Category "C" (Commercial) - oils for diesel engines of motor vehicles, road construction equipment and agricultural machinery.
In the designation of the oil class includes two letters: the first category (S or C), the second is the level of operational properties.
The numbers in the notation (for example, CF-4, CF-2) give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe applicability of oils in 2 or 4-stroke engines.
If the engine oil can be used both in gasoline and diesel engines, the designation consists of two parts. The first indicates the type of engine for which the oil is optimized, in the second - another allowable engine type. An example of the designation - API Si-4 / SL.
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Operational conditions |
|
| Category S. | |
| Oils intended for gasoline engines of passenger cars, vans and light trucks. The SH class provides an improvement in the SG class indicators, to shift which it came. | |
| Provides compliance with the requirements of SH, and also introduces additional requirements for the consumption of oil, energy-saving properties and resistance to the formation of deposits during heating. | |
| It provides for the improvement of antioxidative, energy-saving and detergent properties of oils. | |
| Sets even more stringent requirements for engine oils. | |
| The standard applies additional requirements for energy-saving and wear resistance, and also implies a decrease in the wear of the engine of the engine of rubber-technical products. API SN oil can be used in engines running on biofuel. | |
| Category S. | |
| It is used for oils used in high-speed diesel engines. | |
| It is used for oils used in high-speed diesel engines. It provides for the use of oils with a sulfur in diesel fuel to 0.5%. Provides an increase in the operation of the engines with the exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR). Additional requirements for antioxidant properties, wear resistance, the formation of deposits, foaming, degradation of sealing materials, loss of viscosity during the shift, are imposed. | |
| It is used for oils used in high-speed diesel engines. It provides for the possibility of using sulfur in diesel fuel to 0.05% by weight. Oils corresponding to the CJ-4 class, work especially effectively in engines with summary filters (DPF) and other systems for the neutralization of exhaust gases. They also have improved antioxidant properties, stability over a wide range of temperatures, resistance to the formation of deposits. | |
Classification of motor oils by ACEA
The ACEA classification was developed by the Association of European Car Manufacturers in 1995. The last edition of the standard provides for the separation of oils into three categories and 12 classes:
- A / B - gasoline and diesel engines of passenger cars, vans, minibuses (A1 / B1-12, A3 / B3-12, A3 / B4-12, A5 / B5-12);
- C - gasoline and diesel engines with exhaust gas catalyst (C1-12, C2-12, C3-12, C4-12);
- E - Heavy-loaded diesel engines (E4-12, E6-12, E7-12, E9-12).
In the designation by ACEA, in addition to the engine oil class, the year of its introduction is indicated, as well as the number of the publication (in case the technical requirements have been updated).
Classification of motor oils according to GOST
According to GOST 17479.1-85, motor oils are divided into:
- kinematic viscosity classes;
- groups on operational properties.
By kinematic viscosity GOST 17479.1-85 divisions oils to the following classes:
- summer - 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24;
- winter - 3, 4, 5, 6;
- all-season - 3 s / 8, 4 s / 6, 4 s / 8, 4 s / 10, 5 s / 10, 5 s / 12, 5 s / 14, 6 s / 10, 6 s / 14, 6 s / 16 (The first digit indicates the winter class, the second on the summer).
Motor oil viscosity classes according to GOST 17479.1-85:
|
Viscosity class |
Kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 100 ° С |
Kinematic viscosity at temperatures -18 ° C, mm 2 / s, no more |
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By areas of use All engine oils are divided into six groups - A, B, B, G, D, E.
Motor oils for the operational properties according to GOST 17479.1-85:
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Group of oils for operational properties |
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| Informed gasoline engines and diesel engines | ||
| Multified gasoline engines operating under conditions that contribute to the formation of high-temperature deposits and corrosion of bearings | ||
| Multified dieseli | ||
| Medium-affiliated gasoline engines operating under conditions that contribute to oxidation of oil and the formation of all types of deposits | ||
| Medium-struxified diesel engines that have increased requirements for anti-corrosion, anti-wear properties of oils and inclination to the formation of high-temperature deposits | ||
| Highformed gasoline engines working in severe operating conditions that contribute to oxidation of oil, the formation of all types of deposits, corrosion and rust | ||
| Highformed Diesels without boosting or moderate supervising, working in operational conditions that contribute to the formation of high-temperature deposits | ||
| Highformed gasoline engines operating in operational conditions are heavier than for the oils of the G 1 | ||
| High-resistant Diesels with a supervision working in difficult operational conditions or when the fuel used requires the use of oils with high neutralizing ability, anti-corrosion and anti-wear properties, a small inclination to the formation of all types of deposits | ||
| Highformed gasoline and diesel engines operating under operational conditions are heavier than for oils of groups D 1 and D 2. Different with increased dispersing ability, better anti-wear properties. | ||
Index 1 indicates that the oil is intended for gasoline engines, index 2 - for diesel engines. Universal oils do not have an index in the designation.
An example of engine oil designation:
M - 4 s / 8 - in 2 g 1
M - engine oil, 4 s / 8 - class of viscosity, in 2 g 1 - can be used in medium-affiliated diesel engines (in 2) and highly affiliated gasoline engines (M 1).
Classification of motor oils by ILSAC
The International Committee for Standardization and Approbation of Motor Oils (ILSAC) issued five standards of engine oils: ILSAC GF-1, ILSAC GF-2, ILSAC GF-3, ILSAC GF-4 and ILSAC GF-5.
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Year of administration |
Description |
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Outdated |
Complies with the quality of the classification of the API SH; Classes sAE viscosity 0W-XX, SAE 5W-XX, SAE 10W-XX; where xx - 30, 40, 50, 60 | |
| Complies with the quality requirements according to the classification of the API SJ, additional SAE 0W-20, 5W-20 are added to the GF-1 classes. | ||
| Complies with the classification of the API SL. It differs from GF-2 and API SJ essentially the best antioxidant and anti-wear properties, as well as improved evacuators. Classes ilsac CF-3 and API SL are largely similar, but the GF-3 class oil is necessarily energy-saving. | ||
| Complies with the classification of API SM with mandatory energy-saving properties. SAE 0W-20, 5W-20, 0W-30, 5W-30 and 10W-30 viscosity classes. It differs from the GF-3 category, higher resistance to oxidation, improved detergent properties and a smaller tendency to form deposits. In addition, oils must be compatible with exhaust gas catalysts. | ||
| Complies with the requirements of the API SM classification with more stringent requirements for fuel economy, compatibility with catalysts, evaporation, detergent properties, resistance to the formation of deposits. New requirements for the protection of turbocharging systems from the formation of deposits and compatibility with elastomers are introduced. |
Classification of motor oils Under the conditions of application and levels of operational properties, the American Oil Institute (API).
By classification Motor APIs Oils are divided by two categories: "S" (Service) and "C" (SMMERCIAL).
S (Service) - consists of categories of quality engine oils for gasoline engines going in chronological order. For each new generation, an additional letter is assigned alphabetically: API SA, API SB, API SC, API SD, API SE, API SF, API SG, API SH and API SJ (Category SI - intentionally missed API, to eliminate confusion with an international system measures).
API SA, API SB, API SC, API SD, API SE, API SF, API SG today is recognized as invalid, as outdated, but in some countries of these categories are still available, the category API SH is "conditionally acting" and can Used only as an additional, such as API CG-4 / SH.
The SL class was introduced 2001 and differs from SJ essentially the best antioxidant, anti-wear, anti-inflated properties, as well as less evaporation.
C (Commercial) - It consists of categories of quality and destination of oils for diesel engines going in chronological order. For each new generation is assigned an additional letter according to the alphabet: API CA, API CB, API CC, API CD, API CD-II, API CE, API CF, API CF-2, API CF-4, API CG-4 and API CH -four.
API CA, API CB, API CC, CD API, CD-II API today is invalidated as outdated, but in some countries oils of these categories are still available.
Classes of oils indicating the scope of the application are denoted by the letters of the Latin alphabet in ascending order behind the designation category: "SERVICE" (SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF, SG, SH, SJ, SL, SM, SN), "Commercial" (CA, SV, SS, CD, CD +, CD-II, CE, CF-4, CF-2, CG-4, CH-4, CG-4). The numbers in the symbols of CDII, CF-4, CF-2 classes, CG-4 provide additional information about the applicability of the oils of this class in 2-clock or 4-stroke engines. The introduction of each new class was due to the tightening of oil requirements, in particular caused by environmental legislation, expanding the use of turbocharged engines, recycling of exhaust gases.
To refer to universal oils, i.e. Such which can be used to lubricate gasoline and diesel engines, adopted double marking, for example SF / CC, CF-4 / SH, etc.
For gasoline engines - oil classes on the scale s |
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| Group of oils | Years of car release | Qualitative indicators | |
| SM. |
Introduced in November 2004. Trends in the development of technology are aimed at improving their environmental safety, an increase in maintenance intervals while maintaining reliability of work. Naturally, it makes its own adjustments to the process of improving the engines, displaying and on the qualities of lubricating materials. Following this trend, in November 2004, a classification of motor oils for gasoline engines - SM appeared in the API classification, which is assumed compared to SL, increased requirements for lubricating materials relative to oxidation resistance, protection against deposits, wear, etc. From October 2006, the category and diesel oils of the CJ-4 class have been replenished. |
since 2004. | - |
| SL. |
(Valid). The API planned to develop the PS-06 project as the following category API SK, but one of the engine oil suppliers in Korea uses the reduction of "SK" as part of its corporate name. To eliminate the possible confusion, the letter "K" will be skipped for the next category "S".
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c 2001. | - |
| SJ. | (Valid). The category approved 06.11.1995, the licenses began to be issued from 15.10.1996. Automotive oils of this category are intended for all currently used gasoline engines and completely replace oils of all previously existing categories in older engine models. Maximum level of operational properties. Possibility of certification in the Energy Saving category API SJ / EC. | c 1996. | - |
| Sh | (Conditionally acting). Licensed category approved in 1992. To date, the category is conditionally valid and can only be certified as additional to categories of API C (for example AF-4 / SH). According to the requirements, the categories of ILSAC GF-1, but without compulsory energy saving. Automotive oils of this category are intended for petrol engines of 1996 models and older. When certification for energy saving, depending on the degree of fuel economy, the categories of the API SH / EC and API SH / ECII were assigned. | since 1993. | higher for models since 1995. |
| SG. |
Licensed category approved in 1988. The issuance of licenses was discontinued at the end of 1995. Car oils are designed for 1993 models and older engines. Fuel - unleaded gasoline with oxygenates. Satisfy the requirements extended to car oils for the API CC and API CD diesel engines. Have higher thermal and antioxidant stability, improved anti-wear properties, reduced tendency to form deposits and sludge. API SG car oils replace Oils of categories API SF, SE, API SF / CC and API SE / CC. |
1989-1993 | |
| Sf. |
Automotive oils of this category are intended for engines of the 1988 models and older. Fuel - ethyl gasoline. They have more efficient than previous categories, antioxidant, anti-wear, anti-corrosion properties and have a smaller tendency to form high and low-temperature sediments and slag. Automotive OILS API SF replace the Oils of the SC API, API SD and API SE in older engines. |
1981-1988 | |
| SE | High-profile engines working in difficult conditions. | 1972-1980 | higher |
| SD. | Medium-affiliated engines operating in difficult conditions. | 1968-1971 | average |
| SC | Engines working with elevated loads. | 1964-1967 | - |
| SB. | Moderate engines are used only at the request of the manufacturer. | - | - |
| SA | Motors operating in easy conditions are used only at the request of the manufacturer. | - | - |
For diesel engines - Classes oils on the scale C |
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| Group of oils | Recommended area of \u200b\u200bapplication | Years of car release | Qualitative indicators |
| CJ-4. |
Introduced in 2006. For high-speed four-stroke engines designed to meet the exhaust gas toxicity standards in the main roads. CJ-4 oils allow the use of fuel with sulfur content up to 500 RRT (0.05% of the mass). However, work with fuel in which the sulfur content exceeds 15 RRT (0.0015% of the mass), may affect the performance of cleaning systems exhaust gases and / or oil replacement intervals. CJ-4 specification oils exceed the working properties of CI-4, CI-4 PLUS, CH-4, CG-4, CF-4 and can be used in engines that are recommended by oils of these classes. |
since 2006. | - |
| CI-4. |
Introduced in 2002. For high-speed four-stroke engines designed to meet exhaust gas toxicity standards implemented in 2002. CI-4 oils allow the use of fuel with the sulfur content up to 0.5% of the mass, and are also used in engines with the exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR). Replaces CD, CE, CF-4, CG 4 and CH-4 oils. |
since 2002. | - |
| SH-4. | Introduced in 1998. For high-speed four-stroke engines that meet the requirements for the toxicity of exhaust gases introduced in the United States since 1998. CH-4 oils allow the use of fuel with a sulfur content up to 0.5% of the mass. You can use instead of CD, CE, CF-4 and CG-4 oils. | since 1998. | - |
| CG-4. | Introduced in 1995. For engines of high-speed diesel engineering fuel with a sulfur content of less than 0.5%. CG-4 oils for engines that fulfill the requirements for the toxicity of exhaust gases introduced in the USA since 1994. Replaces CD, CE and CF-4 Cate oils. | since 1995 | higher for models since 1995 |
| CF-4. | Introduced in 1990. For high-speed four-stroke diesel engines with turbocharging and without it. You can apply instead of CD and CE oils. | since 1990. | four-stroke motor |
| CF-2. | Introduced in 1994. Improved characteristics are used instead of CD-II for two-stroke engines. | since 1994. | higher for two-stroke engines |
| CF. | Introduced in 1994. Oils for off-road technique, Engines with separation injection, including fuel operating with sulfur content of 0.5% of the mass and higher. Replaces CD oils. | since 1994. | - |
| CE | Highly-minded perspective high turbocharged engines working in difficult conditions can be used instead of CC and CD classes. | since 1987. | higher |
| CD | Class oils for high-speed diesel engines with turbocharged and high specific power, working at high speeds and at high pressures and requiring increased anti-alignment properties and preventing Nagar formation. | since 1955. | average |
| CC. | High-mounted engines (including moderate superimposure), working in difficult conditions. | since 1961. | low |
| CB. | Medium-rigorized supercharged engines working at elevated loads on sulfur fuel. | 1949-1960 | - |
| CA. | Motors operating at moderate loads on a small-sized fuel. | 1940-1950 | - |
Class API SN. The API classification is enacted in October 2010. Today it is the most recent (because the toughest) requirements that are presented to manufacturers of motor oils for gasoline engines.
Why do I need an API SN classification? What's new in the class API SN for a conventional car owner? What is the difference between the SN API? Do not rush to understand.
Why the API SN Classification?
The main reason for the appearance of the class API SN is the need to improve motor oils at all. Engine manufacturers every day "roll up" motors are more and more. It goes without saying, oils for such engines can not be left unchanged. Hence the phenomenon of the world API SN. Motor oils certified as the corresponding API SN imply the possibility of applying in all gasoline engines of the modern generation (Do not forget about the tolerances of the manufacturer defined for your car).
Requirements API SN.
An important API classification API classification can be noted by the introduction of the following requirements.
- motor oils, licensed API SN, can be applied in engines using biofuel
- class API SN obliges motor oils to be energy saving
- API SN places additional requirements for ensuring engine wear resistance
- motor oils API SN must provide a "long and happy life" Emissions control systems and "environmentally friendly" exhaust 🙂
A distinctive feature of the API SN (compared to the API SM) is compatibility with engine sealing elements. More recently aPI classification It did not particularly care about the preservation of the glands and gaskets. Now everything is different. The SN API implies control over the engine RTI.
Last interesting Facts About class API SN. On the bench, which is directly responsible for testing engine oils (the same stand through which all engine oils must pass, fighting for the "honorable title" - API Service), changed the test engine! Instead of the V-Forend Eight of 4.6 liters of 1993 (King of the pea of \u200b\u200brelease 🙂), a 3.6-liter V-shaped six-year-old six from General Motors was introduced. This is, of course, news! But what API SN can replace all previous classes API (API SM, API SL, etc. etc.) - perhaps, not news, but is a fact.
On this blog, you can learn about the motor oils of Conocophillips, corresponding and superior to the API SN requirements (will soon)
- Kendall. 5W30 GT-1 Full Synthetic Motor Oil WITH Liquid Titanium
- Kendall. Motor oil 10W30.
- Super Synthetic Blend Motor Oil 10W30
- 10w40 for athletes
- 10w40 semi-synthetic for cars with mileage
Lubricant materials for different machines People use white 150 years. Since they produced two types of raw materials (vegetable origin, and oil), there was no special classification.
A thick consistency (for example, dispatch) was used to lubricate the wheeled hubs, more liquid options were floodied in crankresses with moving mechanisms.
The further development of motor-building has made more and higher demands to consumables. Compatibility standards appeared with engine types internal combustion, Applicability K. various conditions, and even quality. For example, the classification of motor oils by API.
Today, any lubricant contains up to 10 different certificates, tolerances and classifiers. Our material will help to figure out in numbers and abbreviations.
What is an API?
API - American Petroleum Institute (American Institute of Fuel) is engaged in the development of specifications, standards and classifiers of motor oils for the engine. The oil industry has rapidly developed, technological opportunities have emerged to produce lubricants with various properties. Automakers, continuously improving their aggregates, began to impose increased requirements for motor and transmission oils.
So as not to tie the trade brands of oils to car brandsThe largest players in the consumables market decided to develop a unified system of standards.
There was a challenge not just to bring the relationship of automobiles and oil refineries to a common denominator (acting within the framework of free competition). The buyer of lubricants should also have the right to choose a manufacturer.
API and ILSAC Motor Oil Classification - Video Seminar
The first generally accepted standards were the norms of technical unions of SAE and ASTM. But these designations talked only about basic (rather technological) lubricant properties.
There was a need not only to bind technical fluids To certain types of motors, but also to develop a quality system. The buyer must understand, in which case he pays more, and what advantages he gets.
The so-called "quality classifier" was developed by the US Petroleum Institute (American Petroleum Institute, abbreviated API). The first mention of the API system for engine oil appeared in the late 60s, when, together with SAE and ASTM technical unions, a single standard was developed, operating within ASTM D 4485 and SAE J183 APR96.
Then, for 15 years, the system has adapted to the guests of different countries, studies were carried out with the participation of leading engineers of unions of car manufacturers (AAAM) and engines (EMA). As a result, two techniques were introduced in stages, in which the specification of oils on the API was "legalized":
- Licensing system and certification of motor oils EOLCS;
- Vault of SMA rules.
The specification of the oils according to the API is recognized not only in North America. Starting from the mid-80s, most countries enjoy these standards, not to mention the autoconecens.
This is convenient for the buyer: Going to the store, you can easily navigate. Enough to look at specifications (SAE) and API quality standard. Information is on the label of any lubricant. 
Some countries have a national standards system: for example, Russian GOST. According to international conventions, all quality standards systems are compatible with each other, and have an equal semantic load.
For example:
- SC / CA (American Standard API) \u003d B (Russian GOST);
- CD (American Standard API) \u003d D2 (Russian GOST).
The main indicators that manufacturer laid in the alphanumeric symbolic standard of the API standard: 
The first letter in the classification refers to the type of fuel. S - gasoline, C - diesel. Consumables for diesel fuel are suitable for commercial equipment (Tractors, processors, excavators, etc.), including for motors working on diesel.
Additional abbreviation EC speaks about energy-saving oil properties. Such lubricant has a high fluidity, which significantly reduces the resistance between driving items.
The second letter (today from A to N), determines that the very quality. The further letter from the beginning of the alphabet, the higher the above. It is by this symbol, in contrast to the manufacturer's advertising messages, the buyer determines that the cost of the consumator is installed (or low). 
Consider each of the classifications. Read more:
Classification of motor oils API for gasoline engines
Modern gasoline classification of engine oil via API is indicated by symbol combinations from SA to SN. Automatic places set tolerances in the following order: Each following oil class is compatible with the previous one, reverse compatibility is undesirable.
This means that the engine operating with the standard API SG can be pouring oil SN. But the SF oil instead of SL is impossible.
API decoding looks like this:
| API class | Applicability status | Compatibility with aggregates |
|---|---|---|
| SM. | suitable | Entered in turnover since 2004, and is suitable for all modern gasoline engines, including highly engaged turbo units. |
| SL. | suitable | Applied since 2001, it has the function of energy saving, designed for an enlarged replacement interval. This class replaces Literature K, to eliminate confusion with the internal classification of Korean oils. |
| SJ. | suitable | Inc. since 1996, it has 2 subclass. Since 2001, oils are certified by the Energy Saving category API SJ / EC. |
| Sh | outdated | Classification is assigned to conditionally acting. After the introduction in 1992, additional certification in the class of energy saving was subjected. In the presence of designations of the API SH / EC and the SH / ECII API can be used in modern motors Without turbocharging. |
| SG. | outdated | The class was introduced in 1988, and compatible with the engines produced by 1993. It has good anti-wear properties. For outdated engines suitable better than engine oil more recently categories. |
| Sf. | outdated | Produced for aggregates older than 1988 release. Good compatible with eaten gasoline. For motors working on a two-stroke cycle - the best ratio of lubricating properties. |
| SE | outdated | High-class oil for work in a large load (forced motors). Compatible with aggregates released from 1972 to 1980 |
| SD. | outdated | Suitable for high load motors, the degree of forcing is medium. Years of production of aggregates - 1967-1971. |
| SC | outdated | Suitable for high load motors, but without forcing. Years of production of aggregates - 1964-1967. |
| SB. | outdated | It is intended for motors working with an average load, can only be applied to directly indicate the manufacturer of aggregates. |
| SA | outdated | Designed for low load gasoline engines, can only be applied to directly indicate the manufacturer of the aggregates. |
Video Lecture - Classification of motor oils by SAE and API
Oil quality classes for diesel engines
The classification of diesel engine oils allows you to unmistakably identify consumables by type of fuel. The designation on the API begins with the Latin letter C.
Table car oils For heavy fuel, it looks like this:
| API class | Applicability status | Compatibility with aggregates |
|---|---|---|
| CJ-4. | suitable | Standard is designed for motors from 2007 release. The main emphasis on certification is made on the compliance of ash content and sulfur performance. |
| CI-4 Plus | suitable | In addition to the main characteristics of the content of harmful elements, these oils are not oxidized at high load, and also do not evaporate "in the avgar". |
| CI-4. | suitable | The standard is certified in 2002 to comply with tightened environmental standards. High fluidity allows you to work in low ambient temperatures. |
| CH-4. | suitable | This API oil class is intended for engines released until 1998. In principle, it consists of modern standards, but strongly depends on the quality of diesel fuel. The composition has additives preventing valve wear. |
| CG-4. | outdated | It is used mainly for severe commercial equipment. The certificate implies universality in fuel quality, but in practice it is better to pour high-quality diesel fuel into the engine. |
| CF-4. | outdated | Universal oil for diesel and gasoline engines operating through a four-stroke cycle. Compatible with aggregates released until 1990. |
| CF-2. | outdated | Applicability - two-stroke motorsworking at high loads. |
| CE | outdated | Standard is compatible with diesel engines released until 1983. Works well on high pressure turbosways. |
| CD | outdated | Introduced at the turn of 50-60 years for operation in agricultural machinery. It is used to date on old aggregates. |
| CC. | outdated | Introduced in 1961, it practically does not apply. |
| CB. | outdated | Several Improved Formula of the Previous Standard API CA |
| CA. | outdated | Designed for unauthorized simplest atmospheric. |
What is the difference between oils for gasoline and diesel engines?
Specification of motor oils according to the API does not allow to use consumables in different motors. Modern aggregates are very different (under the terms of operation) depending on the fuel.
Temperature, shock loads, soot or ethylene - all this is taken into account in the classifier formula. Some manufacturers averapace the applicability standards, and produce consumables that can be used both in diesel and in petrol engines. In such marking, there are symbols C and S. 
However, the buyer should know that universal oils are inferior in quality to specialized lubricants.
