Dairy filter: What is it needed for cars? FAQ for diesel engines when changing the diesel filter

In this article, let's talk about what a diesel filter is. And what to do if he clogged.

Caring for ecology that actively unfolded in the past few decades has become a real challenge for automotive engineers.

Every year the norms for emissions of harmful substances are tightened, which means that you need to invent new ways to clean the exhaust gases.

Consider the diesel filter, what it is, can it be without it and what to do if he came into disrepair.

The first serial attempts to install the particulate filter on dieselle are among the early 2000s, and already a decade later, in 2011, these devices have become mandatory for all cars with a motor on diesel.

Thank you for the appearance of the particulate filter included in, the ecological standards of Euro 4 and Euro 5 are needed.

The function that this filter performs is clear from its name and without unnecessary explanations - it should remove the smallest particles of soot from the exhaust gases resulting from incomplete combustion of diesel fuel.

The filter is located as close as possible to the exhaust collector, where the gases temperature is still quite high, which helps to survive harmful substances right in it.

Sometimes the diesel filter is constructively combined with a catalytic neutralizer.

The construction of our today's hero is quite simple. Inside the device there is a special matrix made of silicon carbide and having a cellular structure.

This structure allows you to delay small particles. In addition, there are also various sensors related to the engine control unit.

They signal the computer at the right time that the filter has already been hammered and it is time to take measures to clean or so-called regeneration.

With the second problems, the regeneration, as a rule, occurs in an automatic mode, but in the stems cars with simpler and more cheap nodes can wait for the washing filter performed by specialists to a hundred.

The older filter, the more often it requires one of these procedures, and sooner or later the question arises about its replacement. And here the owners of diesel cars, which can boast of compliance with the norms of Euro 4 and Euro 5, is waiting for an unpleasant surprise, and about it further ...

Replace or delete?

What is so unpleasant, the replacement of the particulate filter? The main problem of this procedure is the impressive price of the new node, which sometimes achieves 1000 euros and more.

Replace

It is clear to spend such money on a device that, in fact, is a whim of ecologists, not many car owners want. What to do? Is it possible to remove the scene filter at all?

Yes, it is possible to do it, but you need to remember:

When removing this device, the car will begin to correspond only to the norms of Euro 3.

In our country, this fact is permissible, but if you suddenly want to travel on your car to Europe, then there, when checking, you may be forced to immediately proceed to the local car service to install the filter.

Delete!

As the removal of the particulate filter occurs, because in reality, this process also has its own nuances.

Just dismantle it from the exhaust system, unfortunately, it will not work. The fact is that it is programmatically tied to a car's computer, and the system, finding the absence of this device, may even block the operation of the engine.

Therefore, the craftsmen came up with several options for how to remove the diesel particulate filter without any problems. Methods are:

• modernization of the electronic engine control unit, with the help of a special programmer in Brains, an updated version of the software is poured, in which there is no filter as such. The problem of the method is that the implementation of the machine in the program can entail the most unpredictable consequences, so deciding to carry out this procedure, find out from other car owners with the same car on the quality of work in a hundred years;
• installing the scenery of the scene filter - in fact, in this case a new small block appears in the machine, connected to its electronics and imitating all filter signals. This option is more preferable than the previous one, since no destructive interventions in the power electronics occurs.

The question is quite logical: the removal of the particulate filter is the effect on the diesel engine from this procedure? You will get about the following:

• due to the reduction of obstacles in the exhaust system for gases, the engine power will rise slightly;
• savings on the maintenance of the exhaust system;
• lack of boring errors in the onboard computer from the filter.

So, dear colleagues, we looked at the nuances that give the particulate filter on the diesel.

To new publications and meetings on the blog pages!

The principle of operation of the filter is based on the capture of solid particles, which are formed at the output of the combustion chamber. The appearance of soot is justified by the incorrect ratio of the proportions of the combustible mixture: with an excess of liquid fuel or a lack of oxygen. There are similar situations in several cases:

• air filter pollution;
• irregular adjustment of the gap on the valves;
• the camshafts are worn onto the camshaft;
• the moment of injection is not adjusted;
• poor fuel quality;
• leakage nozzles.

To purify exhaust gases from soot particles - a special filter is installed in the design of the exhaust system, which is located between the exhaust manifold and the silencer. The shape of the design of the particulate matter resembles a metal flask with a core of multi-level porous walls in the form of cells, on which about 90% of the scenery particles settle.

For environmental standards, Euro-4 and Euro-5 have been developed special sewage elements (DPF and FAP), with the characteristic principle of work and design features.

Features of the device of the ceramic filter matrix - in closed channels with a tight octagonal or square cross section of up to 1 mm, on the porous surface of which the particles of soot are delayed. The filter device assumes the presence of sensors: air, temperature and differential pressure.

The design represents an open version of the "sage dealer", which is installed optionally, but is rarely applied due to imperfect design.

CLOSED TYPE TYPE - DPF (Diesel Particulare Filter)

The device is made with a catalytic coating of the cell of the matrix. Filters are subject to regular replacement. It is rarely used by recovery due to passive cleaning overwriting gases exhaust. To burnout, the soot requires transmission of crankcase gases with a limit temperature that dopes up to 600 ° C.

The principle of operation of the DPF type is the oxidation of carbon monoxide exhaust and trapping of the particulate particles. The filter operation is controlled by the electronic unit (ECU), the indication of which is located on the control panel.

FAP (Filtre a Particules)

Feature FAP filter - active regeneration of the matrix of the cleansing exhaust system. The principle is based on analogy with DPF, but has the function of forced cleansing the device. In a special container, an additive is stored with a cerium, which at the time of ignition is formed to 1000 ° C. This is enough to burn out soot clusters in cells.

Methods for removing the sump filter

The duration of the filter is designed for car mileage up to 150,000 kilometers. Long exploitation is possible in ideal technical conditions. In practice, the term is reduced several times. This is justified by using low fuel quality, which leads to increased contamination of the cell filter cells.

The first sign of the contamination of the particulate filter is a tangible reduction of the thrust of the engine and the dynamics of the acceleration of the car.

In domestic operating conditions, there is a need to disable or remove the filter. The characteristic signs of the wear of the particulate filter are reflected in the car:

• floating idle speeds;
• increasing fuel consumption;
• running the engine with interruptions;
• the control lamp of the indication of the glow candles is lit;
• idling - uncharacteristic sound ("hiss");
• it is impossible to develop the maximum engine turnover (above 3000 rpm).

We can visually determine the wear in the nature of the exhaust - the caustic black shade appears and the abundance of smoke increases.

It is to reprogram the firmware of the controller by an external device, with the corresponding program for the car model.

The flashing is carried out on diesel vehicles, in order to avoid inclusion of the alarm when the fault code is diagnosed as a complete filter contamination. You can perform flashing in several ways:

• install the program (appropriate car model) from the manufacturer;
• flash the version of the "unlicensed" software (associated with further risks);
• install the control unit program from the car, where the design does not provide for the presence of the default scene filter (it is possible to change the functional characteristics).

The flashing method consists of several stages. First spend computer diagnostics to identify program errors. Install the actual cause of troubleshooting in the operation of the control unit system. By diagnosing a malfunction in the operation of the scene filter, overlashing software. You can "get" to the electronic control unit file through the OBD connector or dropping the BDM electronic chip. Program file correction will be reflected in the car performance indicators:

• an increase in engine speed in motion mode, above 3000 per minute;
• error displaying indication on the control panel.

The firmware change is suitable with special attention, as it is possible to reflect on the operational characteristics of the car (associated with the electronic control unit). After erasing the computer system error, the software is embarking on the mechanical removal of the element.

Physical removal

The process is to remove the filter bank located between the muffler and the exhaust manifold. The wizards dismantle the exhaust system and cut out a plot with a smbed filter, replacing it with a plate with a flamesecaker or a leading plug. The method with the plane sensor is more relevant - the presence in the design of the sensors avoids the errors of the ECU. The work is performed within 2 to 6 hours - depends on the design features of the car model.

Installing an emulator of the particulate filter

"Cheating", in the form of an emulator of the particulate filter, is installed to be able to reflash the control unit without changes in the operation of systems. The emulator "shows" program controllers The presence of a filter in the exhaust system.

Such "imitation of the presence" of the particulate filter will not affect the fuel consumption. The installed software in the control unit forcibly starts the FAP regeneration mode.

The method is based on the installation of deceptors with sensors. Signals sent to controllers cause the control unit program to function in standard mode.

Replacing the scored SF is more profitable from an economic point of view. A new original filter is worth a decent money. Mechanical removal or installation of the emulator will save finances, but has its own characteristics affecting the car's work.

Positive consequences

There will be no need for unplanned long trips to clean the filter. Pros are observed in the operation of the control unit:

• software errors are eliminated about the state of the particulate filter in emergency mode, on the instrument panel;
• the oil consumption will decrease, due to the disconnection of the regeneration.

Deleting a faulty filter will positively affect the dynamics of the car and the traction of an effort. The engine will continue to be stable correct operation, the state of the exhaust gases will change and the abundance of smoke will decrease.

Negative consequences

Negative factors will manifest with long trips in traffic jams and refueling the car by poor-quality fuel. Permissible emission indicators of exhaust gases will exceed the established environmental norms, which makes it difficult to pass the technical control. A new vehicle can lose warranty service (with a remote saber filter). Trucks may prohibit entry into European countries where environmental exhaust exhaust standards are stiguously controlled. Operation and movement of the vehicle allow Euro-5 when indicators.

In Europe, the most popular DVS is diesel. However, nor in gasoline, nor in the diesel engine does not burn fuel completely. The consequence of which will be the formation in the spent gases (ogs) of poisonous and carcinogenic substances, including particles of soot - products of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In order to avoid this, the norms for emissions of harmful substances were introduced, for compliance with the design of the vehicle, a special element is introduced - the diesel filter.

What do you need a diesel filter

To understand the appointment of such a device, it is necessary to touch what they represent og. In the photo, the table shows the composition of OG, as well as their effect on the human body.

The data show that the diesel is dangerous to the high content of soot in the exhaust. So to reduce its concentration into the design of the car and this element is introduced - the diesel particulate filter.

Principle of operation

Say particles size is approximately equal to five hundred micron, and in its chemical composition it is pure carbon. To delay such microscopic particles by conventional means is quite problematic. To capture them, diffusion is used in the device. Understand the principle of operation, laid into a similar device, will help the following photo:


From the picture you can see that in the matrix there is a whole network of tubes, and the next ones are closed from different sides. Inside ovage comes from the engine, but getting into the tubes, closed on the opposite side, can not move on. Then they penetrate through the walls into the neighboring open cavities and freely leave the ceramic matrix.

At the same time, during diffusion from one cavity to another, even microscopic particles are delayed, which means that the diesel particulate filter performed its task.

Safety filter device

The diesel particulate filter itself, with its external simplicity, is a rather complex device. With all its versions for various cars, it is a metal cylinder. The cylinder is located input and outlet nozzles for connecting to the general system of treatment of og. The filter device can be seen in the photo.


Inside there is a ceramic matrix, the device of which is already considered above. In addition to the matrix on the particulate filter, sensors are installed controlling its operation.
Among them should be mentioned:

• pressure difference sensor;
• temperature sensor at the input and output of the used membrane filter.

Depending on the constructive design, the diesel diesel filter can be installed differently as it is - shown in the photo:


The fact is that the matrix itself can be manufactured as with an internal catalytic coating, and without it. In the latter case, a catalyst must be additionally installed on diesel. If the composition used a ceramic matrix with a catalytic coating, then it can be combined with a catalyst.

Filter of the particulate particles - how best to exploit

The correct operation of the car prolongs the lifetime of the size of the particulate filter. The fact is that cleaning flags, pores in the tubes and the pipes themselves are clogged with soot particles, which leads to a deterioration of the operating conditions of the engine and ultimately does not allow the car to operate normally.

It is worth mentioning that the diesel filter, to restore its performance without replacing and removing from the car, requires a special mode of operation, differing from usually the filtering process. But this will be back to this question later.

Causes that reduce work efficiency

The reasons for which it is clogged may be somewhat. One of the mains is the quality of the fuel used. The poor-quality fuel causes the increased formation of soot in the process of engine operation, as a result of which a very fast particle filter will be clogged with these particles, which will significantly reduce its service life.

Another reason can be considered insufficient to fully combust the soot temperature of exhaust gases. The fact is that the diesel filter allows not only to delay the soot particles, but also in the process of work, when the diesel engine provides a sufficient level of the heat temperature, burn these particles. But it is necessary to emphasize that this is possible when the temperature value is high and is at least six hundred degrees. With other, lower values, nothing like this happens.

The reasons for the decline in the temperature of the exhaust may be several, including:

1. movement mode (low speed and frequent stops);
2. traffic jams during movement;
3. violation of the combustion process of fuel.

Current monitoring of status

In order to ensure control, the exhaust system, which is equipped with diesel, is equipped with control and measuring devices, including, as already mentioned, the temperature sensor controlling its readings, and the pressure sensor, measuring its difference at the ends of the filter.


According to the signals that form a pressure sensor, the control controller determines that the diesel fuel is filled with unburned fuel residues, and therefore can automatically start the process of cleaning. A corresponding character appears on the panel.

How to clean - diesel allows and this

Often to restore normal operation of the machine, when the diesel filter is filled with particles of unburned fuel, it suffices to use several simple techniques that run regeneration. It can be active and passive. In any embodiment, cleaning occurs due to the combustion of particles of soot and exemption from them of the clogged pores, for which it is used:

• increased temperature values;
• additives leading to a decrease in temperature at which heating is combustion;
• flushing at which the diesel filter with special reagents is cleaned from soot.

Passive regeneration

It is carried out by the driver independently when the corresponding indication appears, as well as with noticeable signs of the deterioration of the engine (power drop, reduction of the dynamics, etc.).
At the same time, the most important thing is to provide for the exhaust temperature, which turns out if you drive three or four tens of kilometers with full load. This movement mode will ensure the combustion of soot inside and clean it. Another option may be the use of special additives into fuel leading to a decrease in the combustion temperature of the soot.

Active regeneration

Such a mode that allows you to perform cleaning, can automatically turn on the engine control controller. To do this, it analyzes the data that the current temperature sensor transmits it, as well as the pressure difference sensor. This sensor signals that soot particles have scored a diesel filter, and the current temperature sensor determines its value. If it is not enough to combustion of soot, the controller can accomplish, for example, an additional fuel injection carried out in the exhaust exhaust, which will lead to its combustion directly in the exhaust system and lifting the temperature of the exhaust gases to the desired value.
If the exhaust system, which is installed on diesel, provides other measures to increase the temperature of the exhaust gases entering the diesel filter, the control controller also uses them.

Flushing

In this case, the cleaning is performed using special liquids, poured or injected inward. The reagents soften soot and remove it from the clogged pores, after which it can be burned when the car moves.

The particulate filter is an integral part of a modern car and provides the composition of exhaust gases in accordance with current standards. Its current state is controlled by the control system, for which the current temperature sensor is used, as well as the sensor measuring the pressure difference. Such a control system allows either the driver timely take measures to restore the performance of the particulate filter and the normal technical condition of the car, or the regeneration mode will turn on automatically if it is provided by the design.

In the Legislation on the toxicity of EURO 6C, the limiting values \u200b\u200bof the mass of particles (PM) and the number of particles (PN) are still limited. The basis for this is the fact that modern DVS with the immediate injection does not create such a homogeneous fuel-air mixture, as with injection in the intake manifold.

Therefore, when combustion of fuel, more particles are formed. To match the limit values, among other things, anteria filter is installed for a gasoline engine.

Example: Engine B48 in F22 / F23

Description of functioning

Mounting position of the particulate filter for gasoline engine

The oil filter for the gasoline engine is installed on the site of the middle silencer behind the catalyst. In the future, the T / s diesel filter for a gasoline engine will be set closer to the engine in a common housing with a catalyst.

For unambiguous identification, check the mounting position of the supervision pressure sensor.

If the OG pressure sensor is located at the output of the catalyst, the diesel fuel filter is located on the engine in the bottom of the T / C instead of the average silencer. If the gas pressure sensor is located in the center on the catalyst housing, the scene filter for the gasoline engine is closer to the engine.

The mounting position of the diesel engineer for a gasoline engine closer to the engine contributes to the regeneration (burning of soot), since it is easier to achieve the necessary heat for this temperature.

Design and functioning of the particulate filter for gasoline engine

The yellow filter for the gasoline engine is permeated by a variety of channels for which there are ex. The walls of the particulate filter for the gasoline engine porous for the passage of og. Particles (soot and ash) are settled in the canals.

The channels of the particulate motor for the gasoline engine are closed along the edges. Each intake canal is surrounded by 4 outlet channels. Particles are settled in the coverage of intake channels. There remain particles that burn with increasing the temperature of the exhaust gases and the necessary amount of oxygen. Purified exhaust gas penetrates through porous walls coated from exhaust channels.

Sale deposits with time are clogged with a sump filter for a gasoline engine. Therefore, they should be burned. This happens when the temperature of the exhaust gases exceeds the temperature of the sage flamm. This process is called regeneration. In this case, carbon particles are converted into a gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) by oxidation.

Sight deposits begin to burn at temperatures from 600 ° C. Fast and efficient regeneration is achieved only on the temperature of 700 ° C. Since this temperature is achieved only with the appropriate high load, along with the natural regeneration (the burning of soot during an excess of air in the forced idling mode) additional measures are applied to the gasoline engine. So the temperature of the exhaust gases is artificially increasing by adjusting the ignition angle. As a rule, the driver does not feel these processes.

Pressure Sensor OG

In the gasoline engine compared to diesel, the pressure drop is not measured before and after the sump filter. Instead, the gas pressure sensor in the gasoline engine measures the pressure of OG in front of the diesel fiber for the gasoline engine and the environmental pressure.

The digital electronic engine control system (DME) on signals from the pressure pressure sensor and by other signals (for example, air mass) calculates the flow of exhaust gases.

Based on the flow of exhaust gases in combination with the measured environmental pressure, the pressure of the gas pressure after the sump filter for the gasoline engine is calculated. The calculated pressure drop before and after the sump filter for the gasoline engine reports the degree of loading of the sump filter for the gasoline engine. The digital electronic engine control system (DME) activates the regeneration when exceeding the permissible degree of loading.

System functions

Regeneration

Depending on the manner of driving and maintenance state of the T / s, the diesel engine for a gasoline engine is designed for a mileage of about 240000 km. Upon reaching this run, the diesel fiber for a gasoline engine should be replaced with the housing. For this, the exhaust gas release system is removed and a new yellow filter for a gasoline engine is set.

Information about the degree of download provides a diagnostic system. Upon reaching the maximum run, malfunction is recorded, which is read by the diagnostic system. In T / C upon reaching the maximum run, the service information is not displayed.

To preserve the pressure of OG in permissible limits, the number of regeneration cycles increases as the degree of loading of the particulate filter for the gasoline engine increases. With the maximum degree of loading of the silage filter for a gasoline engine, it is not able to break freely. As a result, there is a gradual reduction in engine power. If the power reduction is exceeded, a 30% digital electronic engine control system (DME) activates the exhaust gas toxicity signal lamp. The engine control system enters the emergency mode.

Designation	Explanation	Designation	Explanation
A.	Soot	B.	Ash
C.	New condition (without deposits)
KM	Mileage in kilometers	kw	Power in kw
Millibar	OG pressure in millibares
1	Cycles of the degree of loading with regeneration	2	High loading of the sump filter for gasoline engine
3	The average mileage is achieved	4	Reduced power and emergency program

Regeneration capabilities

• Normal regeneration: is carried out depending on the nature of the movement. The burning of the soot is possible only with an excess of air in the forced idle mode in the forced idle mode and at the corresponding high temperature of the exhaust gases.
• Calculated regeneration: cyclic regeneration based on the nature of the movement.
• Regeneration every 10,000 km: the established regeneration cycle.

Injection

To improve the parameters of emissions of harmful substances (particles) for Euro 6C new nozzles are installed. Nozzles have a new injection geometry. The following graph shows a change:

Guidelines for service

General instructions

Diagnostic instructions

The particulate engine filter is diagnosed with a diagnostic system. For this, test modules are provided for the gas and diesel engine pressure sensor for the gasoline engine.

For the service function, the replacement of the particulate filter for the gasoline engine should be registered.

We reserve the right to typos, semantic errors and technical changes.

According to the materials of the Ukrainian magazine "Automaster" (A-Maser.com.ua).

Andrei Bondarenko (Ireland) tells:

The topic about planting filters, EGR, catalysts, lambda probes and other harmful systems deserves extensive arguments with detailed livestock, chewing and laying on the shelves. It will be a long "song", but I just wanted to say about. In the environment, both car owners and servicemen, the attitude towards these cases on the car is bright negative. Empty, they say, all this, blazing, bourgeois came up with money just to fit. And in general it only prevents the machine to work, eats power and fuel. The recommendations about the removal, cutting, chopping, bypass, etc. On the Internet and in the print media are neurogenic.

With a malfunction of the catalyst, EGR, the sump filter, etc., the first thing that will offer a little more experienced mechanic, it is to get rid of them. As if I would like to make a client a pleasant, saving money and all that. Well, and then after all, on the technical inspection, they still will not go!

And in vain. Firstly, the topic of exhaust control is technically no less interesting than the capacity building and the moment, its nuances and interesting relationships there are many, and work on these issues is obscure, as may at first glance seem. To force the car to earn with zero CO and the release of HC, smaller than in the client's breathing, is no less interesting than to come up with how to cut the catalyst and put a snag under the lambda probe.

And secondly ... Take care of nature, your mother! If it is not sorry for nature, so even though your breathing would be walked. And then such a garbage will come with a carved catalyst and a woven bulb check-enhind, so stench such that already tears from the eyes.

In general, it is not good to deal with toxicity reduction systems, incorrectly. Save filters and catalysts must be changed, the work of EGR is restored, and lambda probes are generally considered consumables as filters, belts and candles. And what is expensive - it is ... for happiness to use a car and at the same time breathe fresh air will have to pay. This is a fee for your health and future generations.

Of course, you may say "Well, this author, he, as with another planet directly, argues, as not from this world." Only here I am just with this planet, I do not have a replacement, but those who argue and act differently - should still be on the other. Here everyone will be sang - and fly further ...

In the office today there was FIAT DOBLO - Diesels with a complaint about the burning light bulb of the particulate filter. The manager tells me: see what you can do there. Well, and what is there to look at the light bulb, it is necessary to watch the parameters, error codes, make the forced filter regeneration, if possible. A clear case, this is not done with the Nissan scanner, but with Fiatovsky (well, or with what other who can do this, but I don't know there), so it disappears. Well, that, you can still try to ride with a breeze of kilometers somewhat, maybe it is regenerated on the go ...

It did not help (drove home and back, 40 km around the fast road), the light is on the lamp, and on the "Antipollution" and "Particle Filter Clogged" on the inscription panel. Returning and telling the manager, which did not help, drive him to the Fiatovo dealer, let the error codes read, forced regeneration, may make it. And he says to me: "Strange, we recently cleaned him by PARTICLE FILTER." I'm alarming: "How did you clean it?" It turns out that they shot him and ... washed with water with soap! And on the advice of the local Fiatovsky dealer. Tin, for several years, how these sage filters have been massively used here, every second mechanic in dealerships, I suppose, already visited the training on the sump filters in one form or another. It should be known to know already that in the particulate filters, the exhaust gases are filtered through the pores in the walls of ceramic cells (not along the honeycomb, as in catalysts, namely through the walls!), Which passes the gas molecules, but delay the smallest particles of soot. Well, what is water with soap?!

Impassable dense ...

Something we have somehow massively discovering for yourself that a personal car is such a thing for which you need to pay, no matter how cool. Or walking then ...

Customers with the "problem" of the scene filter. This is the problem of about the same order as "Problem with brake pads." I explain: this is the readers here everything (well, okay, almost everything) such competent and understand that the brake pads are a consumility, and there is no unsuccessful pad. The mass owner is somewhat different. He perfectly perceives the need to replace the pads as "Well, now the brakes broke, it's time to buy a new car." But then they are brake pads, they are on the machine for centuries, and the sage filters are a new technology, it also really did not work the manufacturer, which is about the car service and his clients to speak. In general, since I have two cars at the moment already stand with a scored scene filter, I am looking for solutions on the Internet, alternative e-uh ... right. For the correct decision, no matter how sour from it is a car owner, is to replace the particulate filter, which has exhausted its resource, to the new, add fuel additive to the tank and reset system meters. Well, and, of course, make sure that the system functions as it should be. Expensive? Yes, a thousand, and then two euros (on Peugeot even noticeably cheaper thousands). But, you see, dear, for the pleasure of riding a diesel engine, which swallows the exhaustable hydrocarbon resource in one and a half or twice as modest, and it also does not spit in black smoke, you have to pay. No, it is, of course, gorgeous instead of a one-liter motor with a common-rail, turbine, intercooler and cooler of recycled exhaust gases to bore under the hood of a four-liter hip with a row TNVD, so as not to lose in the dynamics, catching in passersby and driving clubs of black smoke. But this is only as long as you are so smart. And when all these will become, it will first become nothing to breathe. So about alternative solutions. A clear case has not yet been banned by such initiatives, the people think, first of all, to get rid of the scene filter.

Not so long ago, the malicious catalysts were still pierned, in order not to enjoy the entire spectrum of exhaust gases, and not some fresh CO2 there, which trees absorb. And now, well, what kind of diesel without black exhaust? Straight, no collapse somehow ...

The most hitched solution is now a specific chip tuning, in which software modules involved in the engine modules are used from the software of the engine control unit.

Yes, the diesel filter is not just a small mesh in the silencer, as a manifold naively believes, it is the system in which many elements are involved, right up to the heating of the rear window. Do not believe, do you think, kidding? And here is not. Now I will explain, although you have to start from afar.

If you put a grid for soot in the silencer (and black smoke is soot particles), then it should be very small, otherwise it filters little. Accordingly, the thinner the filter is the faster it will throw and requires replacement. Even in a modern diesel engine with ultra-precise dosing of fuel supply, which has not dreamed of mechanical TNVD, soot in the exhaust will be enough for several thousand kilometers the diesel particulate filter was clogged. Here I have a van not old yet, already with a common-rail, piezoelectors and crawled through the sensors everywhere, but no, no, yes, it will puff a black haze in the mornings - the siza filter is not. Change the particulate filter for several hundred on each service and more often, the consumer, it must be assumed. What to do? Everything is not so bad, because Saya is, in some sense, coal. Untilened fuel. So, it can be shifting it so that the filter becomes clean again.

Have you ever tried to set up a stone coal with a match? Not really it turns out, isn't it? So with the soot so: so that she caught fire, it should be great to split to a temperature of about 600 degrees. And diesel, like on trouble, the temperature of the exhaust gases and so less than that of the gasoline engine, and even the turbine on the exhaust reduces it, because on its promotion (well, heated itself, of course) it takes not only kinetic, but also The thermal energy of gases (the law of conservation of energy is inexorable, here the wire is not throwing past the counter). Yes, and the catalyst is also worth it, yes, yes! And the EGR system, which is designed, as if, reduce the combustion temperature in the cylinders, in order not formed nitrogen oxides. Everything is not easy ...

The French who were the first to take care of the whole problem were invented that the solution of the allanite mineral mineral solution can be mixed in fuel (the very EoCYS). The presence of small crystals of allanite, firstly, reduces the temperature of burning soot (carefully I assume that there is a certain catalytic process, because it is already vaguely remember, as it really is, but to look for laziness), and secondly, breaks the soot particles that also contributes to their combustion. Accordingly, the combustion temperature of soot is already becoming a hundred degrees below.

The filter is made from ceramics, in which the pores are sufficient for the passage of gas molecules, but delaying soot particles. Little pores, yes. I believe that they are not drilled by hand, but there is a certain other process, but it is most likely not easy, since the Chinese have not mastered the sage filters, because the price of them is appropriate.

In addition, the sage particles burn, but the crystals of allanite, alas, no. Their accumulation and limits the resource of the diesel filter in a similar system. However, subject to the correct operation of the system, the filter resource on average reaches 150,000 km. For the price of replacement of the filter (including the EOLYS top and the accompanying payment of labor) in 750 euros (this is for Peugeot 407) and the price of fuel at 1.50 euro / liter (and live, yeah!), It is equivalent to 0.3 l / 100 km to consumption Fuel. Not so scary, right?

There are systems of the particulate filter that do not use the additive into fuel. There, an increase in the temperature of exhaust gases, among other things, is achieved by the injection of more fuel. It is injected either at the end of the phase of the working stroke (in order to be kept already in the catalyst, which is right in front of the fuel filter), or the fuel is injected directly into the exhaust manifold with a separate injector. It is not difficult to guess that the injected fuel is taken from the tank and pays for all of the same pocket that otherwise pays for the replacement of the sump filter. However, here the resource of the particulate filter is not infinite, since the filter is inevitably clogged with non-heat particles. These particles are taken if not from low-quality diesel engineering (with a high content of sulfur), then from inappropriate oil. For the oil in the cylinders always penetrates, even in an unavoidable engine, and the oil contains additives. That is why the use of special oils for engines with the particulate filters are prescribed, in which the content of non-aggravated additives is less.

There is another type of filter, in which the ceramic core plays the role of both the filter and the catalyst, due to which it is possible to warm it up (there is no additional or additional fuel on the catalyst). A clear case, such a filter will be the most expensive, because it uses precious metals in a fairly immodest number.

In order not to ensure the increase in the temperature of the exhaust gases only due to the extra injected fuel (we also moved to diesel, in order to save fuel in the end!), Other tricks are used. The air flowing into the engine goes around the intercooler so that the exhaust gas recirculation is turned off, so that the filter regeneration occurs, when the engine is loaded under load, and not idling. Plus, this engine load is created additionally, but so that the driver does not notice: the air conditioner compressor turns on, and the generator is loaded with additional consumers of the type of fan on the radiator (at the same time and the air conditioner condenser will blow on and the temperature of the engine will provide), the gas melted, the thermoelements of the additional heater (here Why passengers do not feel that the air conditioner has earned!) And glass heating.

You did not forget: I was going to prove it here that the glass heating participates in the work of the system of the particulate filter? And now imagine that in all this complex system, controlling not only the engine, but also by other parts of the car, the playful handles of the chip-tuner are climbed, which in the development of this software did not participate and the source code does not have (who will give them them!) . This system and so unsightened, the software bugs are enough in it (we will not forget that it also provides the performance of the main function of the engine - to issue Newton meters to the exit!), And if it is started to select the modules by the method of the present from it ...

No, sometimes everything passes quite smoothly. In the end, if then some glitches get out, then who knows it, why are they there, on an old car. Maybe not due to the fact that the software was picked up ... more Since not all chip tuners clarify that in addition to chip tuning, it would also be necessary to remove the filter itself physically, some owners are so calmed. And what the light bulb on the panel interferes is interfere with, the car rides, the problem is solved like. And for all about all the maximum of 500 - 600 euros (it has steep tuners that swear that everything will be OK) or 200-300 at the office easier. The most resources buy a Chinese flash programmer clone, download a pirated copy of the software for chip tuning and with this equipment reprogrammed a control unit in the car for some miserable 50 euros. If the risky nature, and the new control unit is postponed just in case, then why not? In the end, no one will die. True, the filter fails from the exhaust system will not be able to regenerate in any way, the control system for him forgotten. And after a few thousand, he will remind himself completely by the lawsuit of the exhaust.

So I think, and what this is now standing for Ford Focus with a tightly scored filter, even from the exhaust pipe almost nothing comes out, but still went, as if nothing had happened, according to the owner. Maybe it is already tonging? That's just how to check now?

Again, Peugeot still did not have a problem with a problem - its housing is detachable, and get to the core with a hammer and a chisel relatively simple. But on the same engine standing on Ford and Volvo, the particulate filter is welded into a single in-nozzle case with a catalyst, and even with a curved pipe from both ends - do not approach. To cut in half, to dig the filter and then brew back (and even with high accuracy, otherwise you will not screw it back to the engine so that it is not siphonil anywhere) - it turns out or at a price comparable to the new one, or by the contractor income is comparable to East European salary. Making a business with such rates will not work for a long time - stretch your feet.

So the filter took off and gave the owner: you want to suffer - Valya, cut, Dolby, Vari. Promised tomorrow to bring, then I will have trouble with its installation in place ...

The invenue is invented by the filter filter was invented with water from Kercher. To say that it does not help at all, I will not say: for some time it helps. Won in the garage soap recently, already a whole month the car traveled. Maybe someone else will pass. Especially since we do not know, maybe the filter was clogged with soot due to a malfunction in the system and stop regeneration, not allanite or gray.

Here the diesel cork was shot down, the rest was regenerated (let's say, the malfunction suddenly passed) during the ride, and a few more years rolled the content owner, the pipe on the forums about how he deftly did not give himself to heat greedy mechanics and dealerships. So let's and you all wash the filters. Saw, Shura, saw ...

After all, the more you know, the more doubt, and even more so you are inclined to discard dubious decisions that are so delightfully cheap and simple from the point of view who are not in the subject. But on the other hand, the more you know, the easier it is to consider and plan to be planned. And then the replacement of the particulate filter or brake pads will not be unpleasant and expensive uneasiness, but just one of the usual expenses. For the luxury to breathe clean air and at the same time not walking on foot I can pay.

We have a Van Primastar, as usual - diesel (the likelihood to meet a gasoline van in our territories is lower than to meet Ferrari Testarossa; I have seen a doughgros, but I have never been a gasoline van. Rides badly, shines engine malfunction light bulb, a bunch of error codes and, in general, the state is running. Early problems one after another, and the EGR system remains an error, which persistently appears after erasing errors and subsequent test drives. The average mechanic or advanced auto owner will say that the EGR valve must be changed. Especially considering that he is electrical, his fault is not uncommon, and the mileage at the time of repair without a slightly one and a half thousand kilometers. Moreover, besides this valve in the EGR system on this engine, Renault F9Q is nothing more kind and there is no: valve and tube from the exhaust manifold. Mechanic Advanced or reasonable diagnosty will say that it is necessary to smoke a manual and schemes and check the valve and wiring for goodness before rushing to replace the details price well for a hundred euros.

After all, what is the difference between the diagnosis of monkey-mechanic, it is the ability to distinguish a faulty item from a serviceable not only to the eye and to the touch, but also to the instrumental-instrument method.

Let's start by checking the serviceability of the valve for the simple reason that the engine control unit here is reliably closed with a metal casing, screwed bolts with disruptive heads. It is not in order to make fun on the diagnostic, as possible in the hearts to think, and in order to increase the insurance rating on the protection against hijacking and, accordingly, drive a van to a lower insurance group - insurance is cheaper. Repair, of course, it turns out more expensive, but it is necessary to insure all vans and every year, but to repair - only some. For a corporate client with hundreds of cars, winnings are obvious, but for private - how lucky. Well, and the valve, so it is right on top on the engine, you just need to remove the air filter body and three bolts that hold the valve (on the picture the valve is already removed, on the right above, and the hole in the center the hole in the collector, where it is inserted).

How does the manual suck the valve service?

Check out four resistance, between pins 1 and 5, 2 and 4, 4, and 6, 2, and 6. If the resistance does not go beyond the permissible values \u200b\u200b(and the variables of permissible values \u200b\u200bare given like "from 800 to 3600 ohms at a temperature of +20"), So the valve is working. At this place, I clearly realize that the author of Manual holds him, the reader, for all the same monkey, but differing from the rest of the garage monkeys to read and use multimer.

Especially touching the indication of the temperature at which measurements should be carried out. So I imagine how the diagnost is carries a removed valve in the "Measurement Room", in which the stable temperature is maintained +20 in winter and in summer, leaves the valve there for several hours so that it is evenly cooled or heated to the desired temperature, and then already does Resistance measurements and writes on a piece of paper. You are weakening that I am exaggerating, and in fact, in the educational roller on work on Common Rail systems, which I looked at Peugeot, it was assumed to highlight a special room in the workshop where crystal purity will be maintained, and before any disassembly of parts and Nodes of the power system they will need to rinse and clean the special (!) fluid. This applied to the operation to replace the fuel filter, by the way.

In fact, everything is much simpler and at the same time more difficult. The great commander Suvorov said: "Heavy in teaching is easy to battle." In the car service, it is customary to recruit those who were easily in the teaching. That somewhere in something justified while we are talking about replacing filters, pads and oils ... However, in replacing the pads there are subtleties that monkeys do not know. In fact, the oil change, too, do not always succeed. Yes, and filters ... well, okay, it is necessary for them somewhere to work, right? In the end, the activities of unqualified specialists in the car service creates at least half of the problems, which then solves the diagnostic. Let us return to the problem of checking the fee of the EGR valve.

Here he is handsome:

It is necessary to start with the concept of what it is needed and how it works. Diesel, in contrast to the gasoline engine, in the combustion chamber on the working stroke cycle when the fuel is on, has an excess of oxygen. The gasoline motor works best when the mixture of air and gasoline is supplied in a ratio of 14.7 to 1. There will be more air - the mixture will not break up from the spark. There will be little - either will also not be able to burn, the fire will fall from the lack of oxygen.

But in the diesel, how much air does not download, fuel in it will light up anyway, for the air is compressed, heated is stronger and set fire to the fuel without any spark. It would seem that it would be bad: download the air in excess, you do not need to pay for it. And the fact that there are many nitrogen in the air, in fact, most of it is nitrogen. Nitrogen at normal oxide temperatures does not forms, but with high - not even. And these nitrogen oxides are flying into the exhaust pipe. Now we have nitrogen oxides NOX in the air, add H2O water from the clouds to them and we obtain nitric acid in the form of acid rain. Do we need it? If you limit the air intake throttle, we lose in economy and in the moment (for it becomes harder to suck the air into the cylinders), and why then diesel? Therefore, the problem is solved by substitution of part of the air entering the cylinders, exhaust gases from the exhaust manifold. It looks somewhat dyed, from the point of view of a gasolineer or an athlete, for we replace clean air to dirty gases, it will be worse! In fact, the remaining oxygen is enough for normal burning on most modes, and at idle and under full load EGR is turned off.

And then I read here one English specialist in diesel engines, so he stated on his site: "I don't know at all, why this EGR put one harm from it only." Scribed in its own professional illiteracy of a person, ah-ya-yay!

The proportion of exhaust gases entering cylinders should be adjusted quite accurately. Nearby exhaust gases - nitrogen oxides will go, they will overtake the stick in the other side - the motor will begin to choke and smoke the soot, which is also not good. To do this, it is necessary to have a valve that can open on a different section, more or less, and you need to somehow measure how much gases actually arrived. The latter function takes on the air flow sensor similar to MAF. And then, it would seem why he needed, on diesel engines? This sensor, of course, measures how clear air passed, but the point is that when opening the EGR valve and the flow of exhaust gases in the intake manifold, the consumption of clean air becomes less than it theoretically should be with data of revolutions, temperature and pressure. This is the difference between the calculated and actual value of the MAF signal and allows you to calculate how much exhaust gas is received, and adjust the position of the EGR valve. That is, we have feedback and can control the system more accurately. MAF, thus, is a non-obvious, but an integral part of the EGR system on modern diesel engines.

But I was very distracted, actually wanted only to show what I am smart and how cool I can check the EGR valve and without any manual)). So on the valve we have a connector and five wires on it. Two wires - thicker and three - thin. Without any scheme, I will say you that two thick wires are the valve electric drive, and three thin - control of its position. Remove the valve and

pins from two thick wires boldly serve 12 volts, "plus" and "minus". If the electric motor in the valve, it turns to one of the extreme positions, and when polarity change - to another. But while I cleaned this valve from nagar deposits (yes, also a possible reason), I noticed that its flap is spring-loaded in the closed position and opens, if you find a screwdriver. So here we do not have an electric motor with a reverse of polarity, but an electromagnet, and is controlled by a change in signal well.

So if you submit 12 volts here, then the damper will immediately jump to the end to the open position (the polarity is determined by the method of the present, it will not become). Jumps, does not start, it opens and closes, it means that the valve's power part is in order. Now control position. It may be a potentiometer, and maybe the Hall sensor. It means faster and more reliable checking whether if the valve is connected back to the machine and turn on the ignition. Now give a voltmeter by thin wires: on one 5 volt - it looks like a meal, on another Millivolta small, twenty with the tail - this is the mass, on the third 1.06 volt - should be the signal as smoothly changes the value of the signal to 4 volts (here ideally needed A good oscilloscope to see a potentiometer car wear or any more signal glitches). That's all! Valve in order 100%.

A few years ago, I was a staunch fan of gasoline engines and believed that the place was only on commercial vehicles. But gradually, as far as pokatushek on different machines, the progress of technology and, which is important, mastering it in terms of repair and diagnostics, I am not a dramatically changed my views, but at least I put a diesel for one step with a gasoline engine. For diesel is no longer only more economical (as it has always been) and does not cause any more unpleasant sensations with noise and vibrations (some of them are already very pleasant to hearing), but often it is already subjectively won on dynamics at the expense of an assertive moment on medium turnover. Subjectively because although the time of overclocking up to hundreds and maximum speed and gasoline top versions are better, but this overclocking is achieved (after all, overclocking us almost more interesting maximum speed), accompanied by a motor of a motor, twisted to the red zone of the tachometer, and passersby, frightened turning around Heads to the source of noise. As youth, the effect produced by this effect on the surrounding and passengers ceases to like, however ...

In essence, the newest three-liter diesel engines were equal to the characteristics of the power and moment with the five-liter eights of the nearby past, and at the same time remain almost more economical than the two-liter row fours of the same years. Yes, and tiny one-liter dieselks, in general, the golf class car is quite acceptable (for the average exemplary family man) and, as the existing experience shows, have not such a small resource even in the conditions of a magnitude disregard for maintenance.

Well, finally, the price of fuel and taxes score the last nail - with the almost the same dynamics, the top versions of the gasoline are twice as much more expensive in operation, and the idea of \u200b\u200bbuying such a car begins to seem stupid. However, I still do not regain, because the prices for used options can be very seductive.

Andrei Bondarenko, "Izyrland's notes".

Magazine "Automaster" No. 6.7 -2013 (a-master.cOM.uA)

Safety filter with catalytic coating.

Reducing the ejection of the particulate matter is today one of the most complex tasks in the field of waste of exhaust gases (og) of diesel engines. In addition to measures aimed at reducing the formation of soot in combustion of fuel directly in the engine, special attention is paid to filtering gases on the release of it.

One of the effective methods of cleaning gases from the particulate particles is their detention by means of special filters. Systems consisting of a neutralizer of oxidative type and a sump filter found the greatest distribution. In addition, the filter allows you to almost continuously burn the delayed South without the introduction of special additives into fuel.

The last property is achieved both by applying a special filter design and as a result of its maximum approximation to the engine.

Usually, on our services, the repair is reduced to cutting the filter and attempt to reprogram the control unit. Let's try to figure it out, and what we cut on the example of the VW sizew filter.

When combustion of diesel fuel, substances of various types and species are formed. The operation of an immense engine is usually accompanied by emissions of white or sizogo smoke created by drops of unburned or partially oxidized hydrocarbons, and the emission of aldehydes, the presence of which is easily recognized by their characteristic odor.

On the release of diesel, there are not only gaseous substances, but also solid formations whose dimensions are commensurate with dimensions of dust particles. These formations that have received the general name "Particles" (Partikel) are considered harmful to people's health and polluting habitats.

Exhaust gases diesel.

The formation of harmful substances in the combustion process of fuel

The intensity of the formation of harmful substances and especially soot largely depends on the parameters of the combustion process of fuel in the diesel cylinders. The combustion process is influenced by both the design parameters of the engine and the composition of the fuel and atmospheric conditions.

The figure below lists all the initial components of the fuel-air mixture and the components of the exhaust gases of diesel as a result of its combustion.

Separate components of the exhaust gases of diesel engines have different effects on the environment and human health.

All oxygen, nitrogen and water are completely harmless, which are part of atmospheric air.

The natural component of atmospheric air is carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide), but its concentration in the air is close to limit values.

Carbon dioxide is not poisonous, but the increase in its amount in the atmosphere can lead to a greenhouse effect. The substances harmful to human health include carbon oxide, hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, soot particles and more than three dozen car exhaust components.

Harmful components of exhaust gases

Carbon oxide (CO) or carbon monoxide occurs with incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuel due to lack of oxygen. This is a colorless gas that does not smell and taste. It is toxic and especially dangerous: absorbs human blood oxygen, which can lead to oxygen starvation of the brain and a fatal outcome.

Under the concept of "hydrocarbons" implies numerous compounds of various types (for example, C6H6 or C8H18), which are formed with incomplete combustion of fuel.

The sulfur dioxide is formed during the combustion of the fuel containing sulfur. This is a colorless gas with a sharp smell. Currently, they seek to reduce the sulfur content in fuel.

Nitrogen oxides (for example, NO, NO2, ...) are formed when combustion of fuel in the engine under high pressures and temperatures, as well as in excess oxygen conditions

The soot is formed as a result of incomplete combustion of fuel at the local disadvantage of oxygen.

Particles

Under the concept of "particles" fall solid or liquid education, having small sizes. They can be formed as a result of wear of parts, grinding and erosion of materials, as well as condensation of liquids. In particular, they are formed with incomplete combustion of fuel and oil. In the cases mentioned above, particles of various shapes, values \u200b\u200band structure are formed. Particles are related to harmful substances, since in view of small sizes, they move together with gases and when a person gets into the body, they can harm it.

Say particles

When combustion of fuel in a diesel engine, soot particles are formed. These are microscopic carbon particles with a diameter of approximately 0.05 μm. The kernel of the particles consists of pure carbon, and various hydrocarbons, metal oxides and sulfur are adsorbed on it.

It is assumed that some hydrocarbon compounds are dangerous to human health. The specific composition of soot particles depends on the working process used in the engine, the modes of its operation and the composition of the fuel.

The process of formation of soot particles in the diesel

The formation of soot in a diesel engine depends on a number of processes that determine the combustion of fuel. These are air supply processes, fuel injection and flame distribution.

The quality of fuel combustion is determined largely by the process of forming the fuel and air mixture. Due to the lack of oxygen in some zones of the combustion chamber, a too rich mixture is formed, the combustion of which cannot be complete and is accompanied by the formation of soot particles.

The number and mass of the particles depend, in principle, from the quality of the process of mixing and combustion processes in the engine. The fuel system with pumps-nozzles provides fuel injection under a very high pressure and with the relevant engine requirements with the flow of time. This creates conditions for increasing the efficiency of the combustion process and reduce the formation of soot particles. However, high injection pressure and the enhanced fuel spraying minority corresponding to them cannot provide sufficient grinding of soot particles. Measurements of the dimensions of these particles have shown that their distribution is almost independent of the method of mixing, i.e. it is very close to engines with a vortex combustion chamber and in engines with direct injection through the Common Rail system or pump-nozzles.

Change engine design

Reduce the emission of harmful substances can be introduced by measures related to the change in the design of the engine itself. Successful optimization of the workflow can lead to a significant decrease in the formation of harmful substances.

These events include:

Optimization of the shape of intake and exhaust channels, creating a directional air movement in the combustion chamber.

An increase in injection pressures, for example, by pump-nozzles;

Optimization of the combustion chamber, in particular by reducing the "harmful" volumes and forms of recess in the piston.

Purification of exhaust gases

Emissions into the atmosphere of particles formed during combustion of fuel can be reduced by carrying out exhaust gas cleaning measures after their release from the engine cylinders. At the same time, they mean first of all, the filtration system capable of retaining particles of soot.

There are two types of regeneration of the particulate filters: using additives to diesel fuel and using a catalytic coating of the filter element. Below is a description of the device and the principle of operation of the particulate filter with a catalytic coating.

Gas purification system using additives to Diesel fuel

This system finds use on vehicles in which the diesel filter is at a relatively large distance from the engine. In this case, the temperature of the exhaust gases at the inlet into the filter is insufficient for burning soot in it, therefore, apply additives to fuel, which reduce the temperature of the soot 'ignition to the required level.

System for cleaning gases with a sump filter, Having a catalytic coating

This system is applied on vehicles with a particulate filter located close from the engine. In this case, the gases temperature on the short path to the filter remains high enough to burn the soot.

1 - J285 instrument combination control unit

2 - engine control unit

3 - air flow meter

4 - Diesel

5 - Temperature sensor before turbocharger G507

6 - turbocharger

7 - Temperature sensor in front of the G506 diesel filter

8 - G39 oxygen sensor

9 - Dairy filter

10 - Sensor 1 Pressure Pressure on the SAIL FILTER G450

11 - Temperature sensor after the size filter G527

12 - silencer.

Dairy filter

A catalytic coating filter is installed after the turbocharger in the immediate vicinity of the engine. In this case, anteria filter with a catalytic coating is used, which is structurally combined with a neutralizer of oxidative type. Thus, having a common body unit performs the functions of both the filter and the neutralizer.

The particulate filter delays the soot particles contained in the gas. The function of the neutralizer consists in oxidizing hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon oxide (CO) to water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2).

DEVICE

The particulate filter matrix presents a cellular structure from ceramics based on silicon carbide. Ceramic matrix is \u200b\u200benclosed in a metal case. It is permeated with a variety of parallel canals of small sech, closed alternately with one or the other side. Therefore, inlets and outlet channels are distinguished, separated by means of filtering walls. The filter walls consist of porous silicon carbide. They are coated with aluminum and cerium mixtures that perform the function of the substrate for the catalyst, which uses a noble metal - platinum. The catalyst is a substance that contributes to the flow of a chemical reaction, but at the same time it does not change and the new connections does not forms.

OPERATING PRINCIPLE

Since the filter channels are closed alternately on the intake side and release containing particles of the gases of gases are forced to pass through the porous walls of silicon carbide. At the same time, soot particles are delayed in inlet channels, and the gas fluently passes through the pores of the channels of the channels.

Catalytic Saw Filter Zones

The diesel fetter should be relatively long to ensure the capture of a sufficiently large amount of soot. In addition, it must contain the amount of platinum, sufficient to provide catalytic action. The catalytic coating is distributed along the length of the filter is not evenly, but by zones. In the front zone of platinum is much larger than in the rear zone. The uneven distribution of platinum over zones has the following advantages.

When the engine is running on the usual modes, the front part of the particulate filter is heated faster than its rear part. Therefore, a relatively large amount of platinum in this zone contributes to the acceleration of its catalytic action. At the same time they talk about good launchers of the particulate filter.

In the process of regeneration, the burnout of the soot is accompanied by a strong heating of the rear of the filter. But high temperatures lead to the gradual destruction of the platinum layer. Therefore, it is possible to save on expensive platinum, reducing the thickness of the coating in the rear zone of the filter.

On the other hand, a decrease in the number of platinum in the rear zone is substantiated by the process of aging filter. During the operation of the car in the rear of the filter, more reduces the catalytic action of the platinum of sediments than in its front part.

Filter Regeneration

To prevent excessive increase in filter resistance and reduce its performance, it is necessary to release it from the sage from time to time.

In the process of regeneration, soot particles accumulated in the filter are burned (oxidized). There are active and passive regeneration of the particulate filter with a catalytic coating. For the driver, the regeneration process proceeds imperceptibly.

The filter walls consist of porous silicon carbide.

They are covered with a mixture of aluminum oxides and cerium performing the function of the substrate for the catalyst, which uses a noble metal - platinum.

The catalyst is a substance that contributes to the flow of a chemical reaction, but at the same time it does not change and new connections are not formed.

Passive regeneration

With passive regeneration, the burning of soot is performed continuously and without special intervention in the engine management. At the location of the particulate filter near the engine, the temperature of the gases entering it can reach, for example, when driving on the motorway, about 350-500 ° C. At the same time, the reaction proceeds, as a result of which particles of soot interact with nitrogen dioxide and are converted to carbon dioxide. This multistage process proceeds continuously above the platinum layer, which performs the function of the catalyst.

OPERATING PRINCIPLE

NOX + O2 form no2

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) reacts with carbon (C) of the diesel particles. As a result, carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NO) are obtained.

NO2 + C form CO + NO

Carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NO) react with oxygen (O2), forming nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2).

CO + NO + O2 form NO2 + CO2

Active regeneration

With active regeneration, the soot particles are burned under high temperatures obtained as a result of directional engine control. For the operation of the vehicle in the city, small engine loads are characterized, and they correspond to them low-temperature gear do not provide passive regeneration of the particulate filter. At the same time, soot particles are not removed from the filter and clog its channels. When accumulated in the filter of a certain amount of soot, the process of its active regeneration is launched, which flows through the commands of the engine control system.

The process of active regeneration lasts approximately 10 minutes. In this case, the temperature of the OG increases to 600 ÷ 650 ° C, which is sufficient for the oxidation of the soot to carbon dioxide.

OPERATING PRINCIPLE

With active regeneration, the particle particles are burned due to the high temperature of og. At the same time, the forming particles of soot, carbon is connected to oxygen, forming carbon dioxide C + O2 form CO2.

Principle of filter operation with active regeneration

Sight particles accumulate in intake canals.

The need to carry out active regeneration is determined by the engine control unit by signals coming from the air flow meter, the temperature sensors in front of and after the scene filter, as well as the pressure drop sensor on it. Clean yard filter has a small resistance of the gas flow.

A filled with a sump filter has a large resistance of the gas flow.

When filtering the filter of the soot to a certain value, the engine control system launches the active regeneration process

Functions of the engine control system when conducting Active regeneration

The degree of filling the filter of the soot is determined by the control unit for its gas-dynamic resistance.

The high resistance of the filter is a sign of the accumulation of the maximum allowable amount of soot in it, so the engine control unit launches the process of active regeneration. The following functions are performed:

OG recirculation stops to increase fuel combustion;

To increase the temperature of the og, an additional fuel injection is supplied after the main dose, namely, when the crankshaft is rotated 35 ° after the NMT;

Air supply to the engine is reduced by means of an adjustable throttle with an electric drive;

Advance pressure is maintained at the level at which the driver cannot notice the translation of the engine to the recirculation mode.

These activities allow us to briefly increase the temperatures accumulated in the soot filter oxidizes to carbon dioxide. After conducting active regeneration, the ability of the filter is fully restored to delay the contained in gas.

The degree of filling filter soot

The engine control unit constantly controls the degree of filling the soot filter, calculating its gas-dynamic resistance. In this case, the volume consumption of gases correlates with the pressure drop on the particulate filter.

Filter Pressure Delta

Pressure drop on the particulate filter is determined by the differential pressure sensor.

The engine control unit determines the gas-dynamic resistance of the particulate filter with respect to the pressure drop to the volume flow rate. And the gas-dynamic resistance of the filter is a measure of its filling of soot.

Volumetric flow rate

The volumetric flow rate is calculated by the engine control unit over the magnitudes of the mass flow of air at the inlet input and the temperature of OG in front of the filter.

The mass flow rate of the OG is almost equal to the mass flow rate of air, which is determined by the flow meter. The volume flow rate depends, however, on temperature.

The latter is determined by temperature sensors before and after the size of the filter.

When receiving data on the temperature of the og, the engine control unit can calculate the volume flow rate of the mass flow rate.

Fuel injection when driving a car rolled

With extreme conditions of movement in the city with a sharply changing engine load and frequent movement, special measures must be taken to regenerate the filter. Since when moving rolled fuel to the engine cylinders is usually not injected, the temperature of the og does not rise to the level filter required for regeneration.

Therefore, for the regeneration of the filter, the increased doses of fuel are injected by rolling, namely, when the crankshaft is rotated 35 ° after NMT. Due to the absence of a primary dose of fuel injected at the position of the piston near the NTT, which entered the engine cylinders on the expansion tact, fuel pair fuel burns in the particulate filter, and the heat released to increase the temperature of the OG to the regeneration of the fuel required for its regeneration of the temperature sensor. OG installed after the sump filter.

Drive fists Pump-nozzles in diesel engines with a particulate filter have a special profile that provides the injection of additional doses of fuel.

In this case, the protrusion of the fuel movement of the plunger is completed later than that of the engines without the particulate filter. Due to this, the active progress of the plunger remains for supplying an additional dose of fuel with a sufficiently large delay.

Pressure drop sensor on the sump filter,Use Sensor Signal

This sensor is used to measure the gas pressure drop on the particulate filter. Its signals are used in conjunction with the temperature sensor signals before and after the particulate filter, as well as the air flow meter signals to determine the degree of filling the soot filter.

Consequences in the absence of a sensor signal

In the absence of a pressure difference sensor signal, the metering filter regeneration is performed periodically in a row or by car operation time. However, a long time regeneration for this principle cannot be reliable.

Therefore, after a certain number of regeneration cycles, the design lamp of the daisy filter will first light up, and then the control lamp of the incandescent flames is blinking. The driver is warned in this way about the need to appeal to the service company.

Sensor device

The pressure drop sensor 1 provides two fittings: one of them is connected to the tube for measuring the pressure in front of the diesel filter, and the other after it. Inside the sensor is a membrane with piezoelements to which the pressure difference is valid.

OPERATING PRINCIPLE

Splea filter clean

If there is very little soot in the filter, pressure in front of it and after it is almost equal. At the same time, the membrane with piezoelements is in its original position.

The filter is filled with soot

Due to the increase in the filter resistance during the accumulation of soot in it, the pressure of OG in front of the filter increases. The gas pressure after the filter almost does not change.

The membrane begins in accordance with the pressure difference acting on it. The deformation of the membrane entails a change in ohmic resistance included on the bridge circuit of piezoelectors. The output voltage of the bridge is enhanced and converted to the electronic circuit

sensor, the signal with which enters the engine control unit. By the magnitude of this signal, the engine control unit determines the degree of filling in the soot filter and, if necessary, produces a command to its regeneration.

Temperature sensor in front of the sump filter

The temperature sensor that is installed in front of the SIZH filter comprises a resistor with a positive temperature coefficient PTC (Positor Temperatur Coeffizient). That

there is resistance of the resistor increases with an increase in its temperature.

This sensor is used to measure the temperature of the OG at the place of its installation on the exhaust pipe in front of the scene filter.

Signals of temperature sensors Before and after the size filter are used in the motor control unit for calculating the volume flow rate, and then the degree of filling the soot filter.

The exact determination of the degree of filling the soot filter is possible only when using air flow meter signals, gear sensors before and after the filter, as well as the gas pressure sensor on the filter.

In addition to the signals of the above sensors in the control system, an alarm is supplied, which is used to protect the particulate filter from the action of too high temperatures.

After stopping the receipt of the temperature sensor signal in front of the filter, its regeneration is performed periodically in running or by the operation of the car. Since the regeneration in this mode should not repeat repeatedly, after a certain number of its cycles, the test lamp is first turned on, and the control lamp of the incandescent candle lamp begins. The driver is warned in this way about the need to appeal to the service company.

Temperature sensor after the size filter

The temperature sensor installed after the particulate filter comprises a PTC type resistor. By the temperature sensor signal after the filter, the engine control unit adjusts the dose of fuel injected into the engine cylinders on the expansion tact when the vehicle is driving. This dose decreases with an increase in the temperature of the OG after the filter.

The temperature sensor signal after the particulate filter is also used to protect it from the action of too high temperatures.

After stopping the receipt of the temperature sensor signal in front of the filter, its regeneration is performed periodically by running or by car operation time.

Since regeneration in this mode cannot provide a normal operation of the particulate filter for a long time, after a certain number of its cycles, the design lamp of the scene filter is turned on, and then the control lamp of incandescent candles is blinking. Thus, the driver is warned of the need to appeal to the service company.

Temperature sensor before turbocharger

The signal of this sensor is used by the engine control unit when calculating the start of supply and dose of additionally injected fuel when regenerating the sump filter. The burning of the soot accumulated in it is ensured by increasing the temperature of the OG to the required level. In addition, the signal of this sensor is protected by the turbocharger from the action of too high temperatures.

When the temperature sensor is output, the protection of the turbocharger from overheating does not work.

Therefore, the regeneration of the particulate filter is canceled, and the driver is preventing the control lamp of incandescent candles on the need to appeal to the service company. At the same time, OG recirculation is stopped to reduce the formation of soot.

Oxygen sensor

In this case, an oxygen sensor with a broadband characteristic is used. It is usually installed on a graduate manifold in front of the neutralizer.

The oxygen sensor allows to determine its concentration in og in a fairly wide range of measured values. In vehicles with anteria filter, the signal of this sensor is guided by the engine control unit helps to improve the accuracy of the additional dose definition

fuel and moments of its supply when conducting a filter regeneration. The greatest efficiency of the regeneration process is achieved at a certain minimum oxygen concentration in og and highly high temperature. Adjustment is made at the oxygen sensor signal, which is complemented by a temperature sensor signal before the turbocharger. In the absence of a sensor signal, the parameters of the regeneration are defined less accurately, but it is carried out quite reliably. When the oxygen sensor exit, an increased emission of nitrogen oxides may occur.

Air flow meter

On the intake pipeline, a thermoelectric flow meter of film type is installed. Upon its signal, the engine control unit definitely determines the mass flow rate of air entering the engine cylinders.

In the system control system of the particulate filter, the air flow meter signal is used to calculate the volume flow rate of the OG, followed by determining the degree of filling the soot filter. The air flow meter signal is used to determine the degree of filling the soot filter only with the temperature sensor signals before and after the filter, as well as the pressure sensor signal.

In the absence of a signal of the air flow meter, the metering filter regeneration is performed first periodically in a row or by the operation of the car.

Since regeneration in this mode cannot provide a normal operation of the particulate filter for a long time, after a certain number of its cycles, the design lamp of the scene filter is turned on, and then the control lamp of incandescent candles is blinking. The driver is warned in this way about the need to appeal to the service company.

Safety filter test lamp

The control lamp of the particulate filter is on the instrument combinations. It lights up if the filter regeneration is not possible, for example, due to the long-term operation of the vehicle in the mode of movement for short distances. With long-term operation of the vehicle in the mode of movement for short distances, the regeneration of the particulate filter may be impossible due to the too low temperature level of og. In such cases, the filter may be damaged or blocked by soot. To prevent the driver about the possibility of unwanted consequences, a control lamp is provided on the instrument combinations, which lights up when accumulating in it a certain amount of soot.

If this lamp caught fire, the driver is recommended to move for approximately 15 minutes with uniform speed, which should exceed 60 km / h. The most efficient filter is regenerated when the vehicle is moving on the 4th or 5th gears and the engine operation with a speed of about 2000 rpm. Upon completion of the regeneration, the test lamp should go out.

If, despite carrying out soot burning activities, the control lamp does not go out, the control lamp of incandescent candles lights up, and a warning "Motor malfunction, service" is displayed on the instrument cluster display. After that, the driver must contact the nearest service company.

Operation of a car with short runs

To launch the regeneration process of the particulate filter, the engine control system provides an increase in the temperature of OG.

However, with long-term operation of the vehicle with short runs, it is not always possible to increase this temperature to the level required for the filter regeneration. With the subsequent regeneration of the crowded filter, it is possible to damage due to overheating as a result of the combustion of the increased amount of soot.

It is also possible to block the filter when switching to modes with elevated loads. In the latter case, the engine can stumble.

To prevent the unwanted consequences of the failed filter regeneration, the control system includes a control lamp of the dairy filter when it is determined or after several failed starts of the regeneration mode. The driver is warned in this way about the need for a filter regeneration in the shortest possible time. It can do this by increasing the speed of the car to the values \u200b\u200bat which the temperature of the OG increases to the level necessary for regeneration.

Requirements for fuel

It is necessary to pay attention to the compliance of the fuel DIN standard specified in the car operating manual.

The use of biodiesel fuel is not allowed. With a late injection of this fuel, it is possible to enter the unlawful part on the walls of the cylinders. Moving pistons dump this fuel in the crankcase, where it enters the oil. The fuel corresponding to the standards evaporates when the engine is running on the usual modes and is removed in this way out of the oil. The biodiesel fuel does not completely evaporate at the same time, since its boiling temperatures are higher than that of ordinary fuel. Fuel discharged oil can cause damage to engine parts.

If the fuel contains a lot of sulfur, the filter is quickly filled with soot, and the frequency of cycles is increasing about regeneration, which leads to increased fuel consumption.

Sergey Uktusov

Magazine Automaster (a.— master. com.. uA.) № 9-2012 and 11-2012