Automotive oils: their classification and types. API SN CF decryption SL CF What does

Each car owner is useful to be able to decrypt information posted on labels. motor oils. Using high quality product Possible stable continuous operation of the engine internal combustion car.

The characteristics of lubricants must comply with all declared data from manufacturers. Motor oils work under constant high pressure exposure in a wide range of temperatures. Therefore, they are presented the requirements of increased rigidity.

International norms

To facilitate the choice of lubricant for the car, it is recommended to use the generally accepted principles of classification:

1. GOST.
2. ILSAC.
3. ACEA.

Systems GOST, API, ACEA are richly popular.

Depending on the type of engine, lubricants are divided into gasoline and diesel. In addition, there is a universal view of lubricant. The goods packaging contains information about the purpose of the fluid. All motor substances contain a mineral base and special additives in the required quantity.

By chemical composition, lubricants are classified on:

1. Mineral.
2. Synthetic.
3. Semi-synthetic.

Information about the belonging of the substance to a specific class is located on the product label.

Packaging container with engine oil notifies also about:

• additives present in solution;
• barcode;
• density classifications (Viscosity of the PSAE);
• councils from automakers;
• motor oil categories;
• party room and release date.

Motor oil API.

The classification of motor oils according to the API shares them by types in accordance with the following factors:

1. Type of motor.
2. The mode of operation of the internal combustion engine.
3. Useful oil properties.
4. Date of commissioning.

Depending on the type of engine, motor oils are divided into category "S" and "C". For gasoline and diesel, respectively.

Motor Oil Specification by API

The Marking on the API begins with the instructions of the category "S" or "C". Then there is a sign that determines the class of engine fluid. This value depends on the level of useful characteristics.

Reading API marking:

1. EU - oil energy saving.
2. Roman numbers - fuel economy.
3. "C" - for diesel engines.
4. "S" - for gasoline.
5. Universal brands are denoted by symbols through the fraction (for example, APISL / CF).
6. The letters standing after "S" or "C" talk about the degree of performance, they are in the range from A to n (the highest rate of product classity).
7. Diesel oils are 2-stroke and 4-stroke (at the end costs 2 or 4, respectively).

After passing checks on the API and SAE and fixes their compliance with the requirements of quality, the labels are put on the original round sign with the corresponding inscriptions:

• at the top - apiservise;
• in the center - SAE indicating viscosity;
• below is the degree of energy saving.

The engine fluid that corresponds to the API specifications contributes to the increase in wear resistance and reduce the risk of failure of the car internal combustion engine. At the same time, the consumption of fuel, engine oil is reduced, foreign sounds in the motor disappear, the running rates are improved.

One of the main advantages are the stability of the operation of the power unit at minus temperature values \u200b\u200band a decrease in harmful emissions.

SAE Lubricant Lubricants

SAE table shares motor oils by density depending on temperature ambient. The SAE table contains three types of lubricants, differing in their structure:

1. Winter oils.
2. Summer lubricants.
3. All-season types of oils.

Lubricants related to the first category have the most liquid consistency. This makes it easier to start the motor at low minus temperatures overboard the car. This type of lubricant is classified by SAE Litera W (5 W, 10 W, etc.).

Motor oils indicated by the letter W are not recommended to be used in summer, since too liquid consistency of this lubricant does not contribute to the formation of a lubricating film on the working surfaces of the part of the power unit. The lubricant layer is not formed, useful functions are not performed.

Summer category oils are shown to use at air temperatures above 0 ° C. Their level of viscosity is large enough. With high atmospheric temperatures, the fluidity of summer varieties of lubricants makes it possible to effectively lubricate the working parts and indoor combustion engine nodes.

Summer lubricants are not recommended for use in winter cold, oil possessing high viscosityIt will not allow to start the engine during the frost. There are no liteers on the marking of summer lubricants. The designation consists of bare figures indicating the viscosity of the substance according to SAE (10, 15, etc.).

All-season are most popular. Among the analogs, they are more in demand in the automotive market. Motor oil All-season is recommended to use in any weather at high and low temperatures Environment. They have a double label of SAE (for example, SAE 10W-30).

The viscosity is determining in the marking of lubricating fluid. However, when proper choice Motor oil For its car, it is also necessary to take into account other characteristics:

• influence on the wear resistance of parts;
• detergents;
• stability against oxidative processes;
• anticorrosion properties, etc.

Before buying a lubricant for your car, it is necessary to take into account important factorswhich have a big impact on the stability of the power unit, as well as on the service life of its parts and nodes.

This list of factors includes the following positions:

1. Which oil to choose the chemical composition is mineral, synthetic, semi-synthetic.
2. Study of SAE viscosity requirements (summer, winter, all-season, viscosity tolerances).
3. The presence of the necessary additives in accordance with the classifications on API and ACEA systems.
4. Determining the recommended brands and car models to use a specific lubricant (this information is contained on the product label).
5. Study additional parameters and tolerances of lubricants (for example, a mark Longlifies its application in vehicles with an increased period between service periods of complete replacement of engine oil).
6. Some motor liquids Designed for use in power units, equipped with intercoolers, turbocharging, adjustable valve lifting height, gas distribution mechanism (timing) phases, decrease in recycling gases.

APPEIGNESSES LIFE - American Fuel Institute. API employees certify and licensing new engine oils of all brands. They also develop new modern specifications and quality standards for oil liquids used in diesel engines and gasoline engines.

Base lubricants are also thoroughly analyzed and check.

Additional classifications to the API system

The separation of modern lubricants only on diesel and gasoline is not enough. Technologies for the production of internal combustion engines grow, accordingly, the requirements and oils are enhanced. API employees work to create new standards and specifications.

Based on their bases for licensing and certification lubricating products: Ilsacgf, energyconserving (EC).

Requirements for Apism

In accordance with the requirements of new specifications, APISM engine oils must comply with the following additional requirements:

• ensuring resistance against wear of parts and nodes of the power unit;
• increased time interval between full replacements oils;
• saving declared useful properties and characteristics during the entire operation time;
• confrontation against oxidative processes;
• frost resistance lubrication.

Apisn Classification Requirements

In connection with the advent of motors with various "bells," additional requirements appear lubricant materials. Motor oils that have passed PAPISN certification comply with the following requirements:

1. Energy saving, such lubricants are suitable for use in biofuel cars.
2. Ensuring a higher wear resistance of the power unit.
3. Purity exhaust gases.
4. Preservation of engine sealing elements.

The last item indicates the care of manufacturers of lubricant products about gaskets and internal combustion jackets. Apisn requires manufacturers to control the engine, its nodes and parts, as well as the state of rubber-technical products installed in the engines.

Currently, the generally accepted international system of classification of motor oils for viscosity is the SAE J300, developed by the Company of automotive engineers of the United States (Society of Automotive Engineers). The viscosity of the oil on this system is expressed in conventional units - viscosity degrees. The greater the number that is included in the designation of the SAE class, the higher the viscosity of the oil.

The specification describes three rows of viscosity oils: winter, summer and all-season. But, before considering them, a bit of theory. The temperature range of engine oil is mainly determined by two characteristics: kinematic and dynamic viscosity. Kinematic viscosity is measured in a capillary viscometer and shows how easy oil flows at a given temperature under the action of gravity in a thin capillary tube. Dynamic viscosity is measured in more complex installations - rotary viscometers. It shows how much the oil viscosity changes when the speed of moving the lubricated parts is changed relative to each other. With an increase in the speed of relative movement of the lubricated parts, the viscosity decreases, and with a decrease - increases.

Row winter oils: SAE 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, 25W - indicated by the number and letter "W" (Winter-Winter). For winter classes, two maximum values \u200b\u200bof low-temperature dynamic viscosity and the lower limit of kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C were installed.

To low-temperature parameters include:
Whistling- shows the dynamic viscosity of the engine oil and the temperature at which the oil remains sufficiently liquid to be possible to start the engine.
Pummier - This is the dynamic viscosity of the oil, in which the oil will be able to pump the lubricant and the engine will not work in dry friction mode. The temperature of the pumping temperature is below 5 degrees of rotation.

The high-temperature properties of winter oils characterizes the minimum kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C - an indicator that determines the minimum viscosity of the engine oil when the engine is heated.

Row summer oils: SAE 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 - indicated by a number without alphabetic designation. The main properties of the summer row of oils are determined by:

• the minimum and maximum kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C is an indicator that determines the minimum and maximum viscosity of the engine oil when the engine is heated.
• minimum viscosity at 150 ° C and shift speed 106 C-1. The shift rate gradient is the ratio of the speed of the movement of one friction surface relative to the other to the magnitude of the gap between them filled with oil. With an increase in the gradient of the shear speed, the viscosity of the oil is reduced, but it increases again when the shear rate decreases.

Row all-season oils: SAE 0W-20, 0W-30, 0W-40, 0W-50, 0W-60, 5W-20, 5W-30, 5W-40, 5W-50, 5W-60, 10W-20, 10W-30, 10W-40, 10W-50, 10W-60, 15W-30, 15W-40, 15W-50, 15W-60, 20W-30, 20W-40, 20W-50, 20W-60. The designation consists of a combination of a winter and summer series, separated by a dash. All-season oils must simultaneously satisfy the criteria and winter, and summer Oil. The smaller the digit facing the letter W, the smaller the viscosity of the oil at low temperatures, is lighter than the cold start of the engine starter and is better than the pumpability of the oil on the lubricant system. The greater the digit, standing after the letter W, the greater the viscosity of the oil at high temperatures and more reliable engine lubrication with hot weather.

Thus, the SAE class reports the consumer the ambient temperature range in which the oil will provide:

• engine turning starter (for winter and all-season oils)
• pumping oil with an oil pump for a lubricant engine under pressure at a cold start in mode that does not allow dry friction in the friction nodes (for winter and all-season oils)
• reliable lubrication in the summer when long work In the maximum speed and load mode (for summer and all-season oils)

Classification of motor oils for the purpose and level of operational properties API

The most famous international classification of motor oils by applications and level of operational properties is the classification of API (American Institute for Oil).

The API classification divides motor oils into three categories:

• S (Service) - for gasoline engines passenger carsmobile, minibuses and light trucks.
• C (Commercial) - For diesel engines of commercial vehicles (trucks), industrial and agricultural tractors, road construction equipment.
• F. - To work in high-strength diesel engines of heavy trucks and heavy equipment, relevant standards of emissions 2017.

The designation class of the oil consists of two letters of the Latin alphabet: the first (S, C or F) indicates the category of oil, the second is the level of operational properties. The farther from the beginning of the alphabet, the second letter, the higher the level of properties (that is, the quality of the oil). Classes diesel oils Divideced additionally for two-stroke (CD-2, CF-2) and four-stroke diesel engines (CF-4, CG-4, CH-4). Most foreign engine oils are universal - they are used both in gasoline and diesel engines. Such oils have a double designation, for example: SF / CC, CD / SF, etc. The main purpose of the oil is indicated by the first letters, i.e. SF / CC - "More gasoline", CD / SF- "more diesel". Energy-saving oils for gasoline engines are additionally denoted by abbreviation EU (ENERGY CONSERVING).

To date, the API classification contains 4 valid category "S", 4 current categories "C" and 1 current class "F". But many manufacturers continue to produce classes oils excluded from the specification, since cars with old engines continue to be operated, and therefore, there is a need for these oils. According to the API recommendations, any higher current class "S" replaces the lower current class. For diesel oils, the higher current class is usually, but not always, replaces the lower class.

API Specification for gasoline engines

Class	Status	Purpose
SN.	Suitable	Presented in October 2010. Provides improved piston protection against high-temperature deposits, increased control of pollution and compatibility compatibility. The SN API with Resource Conserving corresponds to the ILSAC GF-5, combining performance with improved fuel economy, turbocharger protection, compatibility with emission control systems and motion protection systems operating on ethanol fuels, up to E85.
SM.	Suitable	For engines 2010 and older releases
SL.	Suitable	For engines 2004 and older releases
SJ.	Suitable	For engines 2001 and older years of release
Sh	Outdated	For 1996 engines and older releases
SG.	Outdated	For 1993 engines and older releases
Sf.	Outdated	For engines 1988 and older releases
SE	Outdated	Not suitable for use in engines made after 1979.
SD.	Outdated	Not suitable for use in engines made after 1971. Use in more modern motors can lead to unsatisfactory work or breakdowns
SC	Outdated	Not suitable for use in engines made after 1967. Use in more modern motors can lead to unsatisfactory work or breakdowns
SB.	Outdated	Not suitable for use in engines made after 1951. Use in more modern motors can lead to unsatisfactory work or breakdowns
SA	Outdated	Does not add additives. Not suitable for use in engines made after 1930. Use in more modern motors can lead to unsatisfactory work or breakdowns

Specification API for diesel engines

Class	Status	Purpose
CK-4.	Suitable	Designed for high-strength four-stroke diesel engines, appropriate requirements for emissions 2017 model year For on highway and Tier 4 standard for off-road conditions, as well as for the engines of the previous model year. These oils are designed for use with fuel containing up to 500 ppm sulfur (0.05% by weight). However, the use of these oils with fuel containing a 35 ppm sulfur (0.0015% by weight) can influence the durability of the exhaust gas purification system and / or oil replacement interval. These oils are especially effective to increase the durability of exhaust systems, which use plant filters and other high-tech elements. API CK-4 has improved protection against oxidation, do not lose viscosity as a result of shift loads and aerations, and also do not spoil the catalyst and the diesel engineer, reduce engine wear, deposits on pistons, poorly susceptible to loss of low- and high-temperature properties and increase viscosity For pollution soot. The CK-4 API oil exceeds the CJ-4, CI-4, CI-4 PLUS, CI-4, CI-4 indicators, and can effectively lubricate engines intended for these categories. When using CK-4 oils with fuel containing more than 15 PPM sulfur, it is necessary to be guided by the recommendations of the engine manufacturer at interservice intervals.
CJ-4.	Suitable	Introduced in 2006. For high-strength, four-stroke engines that satisfy emission standards introduced in 2007. Oils of this class are designed to work on fuel containing no more than 0.05% sulfur. However, to fulfill the requirements for emission standards, reliable operation of waste gas cleaning systems and achieve elongated oil replacement intervals, it is necessary to use diesel fuel, the sulfur content in which does not exceed 0.0015%. Motor oils of class CJ-4 were designed for engines equipped with the most modern emission reduction systems harmful substances (SAZHY filters, exhaust recycling systems, etc.) CJ-4 oil oils have improved protective properties, increased oxidative, low- and high-temperature stability, elongated replacement intervals. However, when using fuel with a sulfur content of more than 0.0015%, the replacement intervals must be reduced. Class CJ-4 oil can replace CI-4, CH-4, CG-4 and CF-4 classes oils.
CI-4.	Suitable	Introduced in 2002. For high-strength, four-stroke engines that satisfy emission standards introduced in 2004. The oils of this class are designed for engines having exhaust recycling system (EGR) and diesel fuel with sulfur content to 0.5%. Can replace CD, CE, CF-4, CG-4 and CH-4 classes oils.
CH-4.	Suitable	Introduced in 1998. For high-strength four-stroke engines that meet emission standards established in 1998. Designed to work with the use of fuel with sulfur content up to 0.5%. Can be used instead of CD, CE, CF-4 and CG-4 classes.
CG-4.	Outdated (until 08/31/09)	Introduced in 1995. For heavy-loaded, high-robust, four-stroke engines running on fuel with a sulfur content of less than 0.5%. It is used in engines that meet the requirements of the 1994 standard by emissions. Can replace CD, CE classes oils, CF-4.
CF-4.	Outdated	Introduced in 1990. For high-sword, four-stroke, undead and upgraded engines. Can be applied instead of CD and CE classes.
CF-2.	Outdated	Introduced in 1994. For heavy double-stroke diesel engines. CD-II can be used instead of oil.
CF.	Outdated	Introduced in 1994. For SUVs, riotherapy and forkar diesel engines, as well as diesel engines on high sulfur fuel (up to 0.5%). Instead of CD class oils can be applied.
CE	Outdated	Introduced in 1985. For high-sword, four-stroke, undead and upgraded engines. Can be applied instead of CC and CD classes.
CD-II.	Outdated	Introduced in 1985. For two-stroke engines.
CD	Outdated	Introduced in 1955. For some undead and turbocharged engines.
CC.	Outdated	Not suitable for use in diesel engines made after 1990.
CB.	Outdated	Not suitable for use in diesel engines made after 1961.
CA.	Outdated	Not suitable for use in diesel engines made after 1959.

Class	Status	Purpose
FA-4.	Suitable	Category FA-4 describes certain XW-30 oils specially designed for use in some high-robbed four-stroke diesel engines, relevant to the requirements of 2017 on greenhouse gas emissions when driving on the highway. These oils are designed for use with fuel containing up to 15 ppm sulfur (0.0015% by weight). Follow the manufacturer's recommendations for compatibility with FA-4 oils. These oils have a high-temperature viscosity range when working with a high shift speed from 2.9CP-3.2CP, which helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These oils are especially effective to increase the durability of exhaust systems, which use plant filters and other high-tech elements. API CK-4 has improved protection against oxidation, do not lose viscosity as a result of shift loads and aerations, and also do not spoil the catalyst and the diesel engineer, reduce engine wear, deposits on pistons, poorly susceptible to loss of low- and high-temperature properties and increase viscosity For pollution soot. API FA-4 oils are not interchangeable or back compatible with API CK-4, CJ-4, CI-4, CI-4 PLUS, CI-4 and CH-4. Refer to the engine manufacturer's recommendations to determine whether Oil API FA-4 is suitable for use. The oils of the FA-4 API are not recommended for use with a fuel with a sulfur content of more than 15 ppm. For fuel with a sulfur content of more than 15 ppm, see the manufacturer's guidelines.

Marking

The ILSAC classification was developed by the International Committee for the Approval and Standardization of Lubricants (ILSAC) in conjunction with JAMA (Association of Manufacturers of Japan Cars) and Aaama (Association of Manufacturers of America). For gasoline engines passenger cars Japanese production is best suited to this classification for american cars Equal as oil via ILSAC and API. The current ILSAC standard adopted in 2010 is GF-5. The oils of this class provide improved defense of pistons and turbochargers from high-temperature deposits, reducing contamination, improved fuel efficiency and compatibility with exhaust cleaning systems and seals, as well as engine protection using ethanol-containing fuels up to E85.

Classification of motor oils for the purpose and levels of the operational properties of ACEA

The Association of European Car Manufacturers (Association Des Constracteuis Europeen Des Automobiles) - from January 1, 1996 introduced its classification of motor oils, which since then has been repeatedly updated. Here is a classification, introduced from December 22, 2008.

The requirements of European standards for the quality of motor oils are more stringent than American, because In Europe, the operating conditions and engine design differ from American:

• a higher degree of forcing and maximum revolutions;
• a smaller mass of engines;
• greater specific power;
• large permissible velocity speeds;
• heavy city modes.

In view of these features, testing engine oils are carried out on European engines and according to techniques that differ from American. This does not allow you to directly compare the levels of requirements and standards ASEA and API.

ACEA classification separates motor oils on grade 3:

• A / B. - for gasoline engines and diesel engines of passenger cars and light trucks;
• C. - compatible with exhaust gas neutralizers;
• E. - for powerful diesel engines trucks.

A / B- oils for gasoline and diesel engines

A3 / B3. Designed for high-performance gasoline engines and passenger diesel engines designed for use and / or increased oil replacement intervals in accordance with the recommendations of engine manufacturers, and / or for use in severe operating conditions, and / or all-season use of low-visual oils.

A3 / B4. Designed for use in high-performance gasoline engines and diesel engines with direct fuel injection. Instead of oils of class A3 / B3 can be applied.

A5 / B5. Designed for high-performance gasoline engines and passenger diesel engines, which are designed to use oils with increased replacement intervals, which provide low friction coefficient, low-grade at high temperature and high shear speed (from 2.9 to 3.5 mpa.s.) These oils may not be suitable for Works in some engines. It is necessary to be guided by the instruction manual for the car.

C-oils compatible with catalytic neutralizers

C1. Designed for cars equipped summary filters and three-component catalytic neutralizers. Used in high-performance gasoline engines and passenger diesel engines requiring oils that provide low friction coefficient, low viscosity, low sulphate ash, low sulfur and phosphorus content with minimal viscosity at high temperatures and high shift speeds 2.9 MPA.S. These oils extend the life of the particulate filters and catalytic neutralizers and contribute to fuel economy. May not be suitable for use in some engines. It is necessary to be guided by the instruction manual for the car.

C2. Designed for vehicles equipped with particulate filters and three-component catalytic neutralizers. Used in high-performance gasoline engines and passenger diesel engines designed to use oils that provide low friction coefficient with low viscosity with minimal viscosity at high temperatures and high shift speeds 2.9 MPA.s. These oils extend the life of the particulate filters and catalytic neutralizers and contribute to fuel economy. May not be suitable for use in some engines. It is necessary to be guided by the instruction manual for the car.

C3. Designed for vehicles equipped with particulate filters and three-component catalytic neutralizers. Used in high-performance gasoline engines and passenger diesel engines with minimal viscosity at high temperatures and high shift rates 3.5 MPA.S. These oils extend the life of the particulate filters and catalytic neutralizers. May not be suitable for use in some engines. It is necessary to be guided by the instruction manual for the car.

C4. Designed for vehicles equipped with particulate filters and three-component catalytic neutralizers. It is used in high-performance gasoline engines and passenger diesel engines requiring low sulphate solid oils, low sulfur and phosphorus content that have a minimal viscosity at high temperatures and high shift speeds 3.5MPA.S. These oils extend the life of the particulate filters and catalytic neutralizers. May not be suitable for use in some engines. It is necessary to be guided by the instruction manual for the car.

C5. Designed for vehicles equipped with particulate filters and three-component catalytic neutralizers. Used in high-performance gasoline engines and passenger diesels requiring low sulphate oils, low sulfur and phosphorus, having a minimum viscosity at high temperatures and high shift speeds 2.6MPA.S. These oils extend the life of the particulate filters and catalytic neutralizers. May not be suitable for use in some engines. It is necessary to be guided by the instruction manual for the car.

E- for powerful truck diesel engines

E4. Oils that provide high purity pistons, wear protection, having high resistance from soot contamination and stable properties throughout the entire period of operation. Recommended for modern diesel enginescorresponding to the requirements of Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3, Euro-4 and Euro-5 and working in very difficult conditions with significantly elongated replacement intervals (in accordance with the recommendations of manufacturers). They can be used only in engines without a smbed filter, and in some engines with exhaust recycling systems and reduce nitrogen oxide emissions. However, manufacturers recommendations may differ, so it is necessary to follow the instruction manual for the car.

E6. Oils that provide high purity pistons, wear protection, having high resistance from soot contamination and stable properties throughout the entire period of operation. Recommended for modern diesel engines that meet the requirements of Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3, Euro-4 and Euro-5 and working in very difficult conditions with significantly elongated replacement intervals (in accordance with the recommendations of manufacturers). Can be used in engines with exhaust recycling system, with or without a smbed filter, and for engines with nitrogen oxide reduction systems. Oils of this class are strongly recommended for engines equipped with sumps equipped with particle filters and designed to work on low sulfur fuel. However, manufacturers recommendations may differ, so it is necessary to follow the instruction manual for the car.

E7. Oils that effectively ensure purity of pistons and protection against varnish deposits. Provide excellent protection against wear, have high resistance from soot contamination and stable properties throughout the entire period of operation. Recommended for modern diesel engines that meet the requirements of Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3, Euro-4 and Euro-5 and working in difficult conditions with extended substitution intervals (in accordance with the recommendations of manufacturers). Recommended for use in engines without particulate filters and for most engines equipped with exhaust gas recycling systems and reduce nitrogen oxide emissions. However, manufacturers recommendations may differ, so it is necessary to follow the instruction manual for the car.

E9. Oils that effectively ensure purity of pistons and protection against varnish deposits. Provide excellent protection against wear, have high resistance from soot contamination and stable properties throughout the entire period of operation. Recommended for modern diesel engines that meet the requirements of Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3, Euro-4 and Euro-5 and working in difficult conditions with extended substitution intervals (in accordance with the recommendations of manufacturers). Can be used in or without particulate filters and in most engines equipped with exhaust gas recycling systems and reduce nitrogen oxide emissions. Oils of this class are strongly recommended for engines equipped with the particulate filters and designed to work on low sulfur fuel. However, manufacturers recommendations may differ, so it is necessary to follow the instruction manual for the car.

Classification of motor oils for viscosity, appointment and levels of operational properties of GOST

Motor oils for viscosity and their approximate compliance of SAE classification
GOST	SAE	GOST	SAE	GOST	SAE
3rd	5w.	6	20	3rd / 8.	5W-20
4z	10w	8	20	4Z / 6.	10W-20
5z	15w.	10	30	4Z / 8.	10W-20
6Z	20w.	12	30	4Z / 10.	10W-30.
		14	40	5Z / 10.	15W-30
		16	40	5Z / 12.	15W-30
		20	50	5Z / 14.	15W-40.
		24	60	6Z / 10.	20W-30
				6Z / 14.	20W-40
				6Z / 16.	20W-40

Groups of motor oils for the purpose and operational properties and their approximate compliance of the API classification
GOST		API.	Recommended area of \u200b\u200bapplication
BUT		SB.	Informed gasoline engines and diesel engines
B.	B1.	SC	Multified gasoline engines operating in conditions that contribute to the formation of high-temperature deposits and corrosion of bearings
	B2.	CA.	Multified dieseli
IN	IN 1	SD.	Mid-profile gasoline engines operating under conditions that contribute to the oxidation of oil and the formation of all species
	AT 2	CB.	Medium-affiliated diesel engines that present increased requirements for anti-corrosion, anti-wear properties of oils and ability to prevent the formation of high-temperature deposits
G.	G1.	SE	Highformed gasoline engines working in severe operational conditions that contribute to oxidation of oil, the formation of deposits of all types and corrosion
	Г2.	CC.	Highformed Diesels without boosting or moderate supervising, working in operational conditions that contribute to the formation of high-temperature deposits
D.	D1	Sf.	Highformed gasoline engines operating under operational conditions, heavier than for oils of groups
	D 2	CD	High-resistant Diesels with a supervision working in difficult operational conditions or when the fuel used requires the use of oils with high neutralizing ability, anti-corrosion and anti-wear properties, a small inclination to the formation of all types of deposits
E.	E1	SG.	Highformed gasoline engines and diesel engines working in operating conditions heavier than for oils of groups D1 and D2
	E2.	CF-4.	Different with increased dispersing ability, best anti-wear properties

According to GOST 17479.1-85, oil marking includes the following signs:

• letter M (motor)
• one or two numbers separated by a fraction pointing class or viscosity classes (for all-season oils). For all-season oils, the digit in the numerator characterizes the winter class, and in the denominator - summer; The letter "s" indicates that the oil is thickened, i.e. Contains a thickest (viscous) additive.
• one or two letters (from A to E), denoting the level of operational properties and scope this oil. Universal oils are denoted by the letter without an index or two different letters with different indices. Index 1 - assign oils for gasoline engines, index 2 - diesel oils.

For example, M-6Z / 10B brand indicates that this is an all-season engine oil, universal for medium-affiliated diesel engines and gasoline engines (group B). M-4Z / 8-B2G1 - All-season motor oil, universal for medium-affiliated diesel engines (B2 group) and highly affiliated gasoline engines (group G1).

Specifications of car manufacturers

The classifications of the API and ASA are formulated the minimum basic requirements that are agreed between oil producers, additives to them and car manufacturers. Behind the latter, the right to put forward its own additional requirements for oils, which are formulated in the Specifications of the Auto Plants. Since the designs of engines of different brands differ among themselves, the conditions of oil work in them are not entirely the same. Therefore, car manufacturers spend tests of oils on their own production engines. Based on this, either a certain class on any generally accepted classification, or make up its own specifications in which are indicated specific brands Oils allowed to use. In the operating instructions, the manufacturer specifications are necessarily present, and their number is applied to the oil package next to the designation of its class of operational properties.

Lubricants began to be used long before our era. And if earlier the vegetable fats and fats of animal origin were used, since the 60s of the last century they were replaced by oil refining products. After that, the active development and improvement of motor oils began, and about 70 years ago, the first polymer viscosity modifiers appeared, due to which different classes and varieties appeared in engine oils soon, corresponding to the temperature regime of a certain time of the year, and all-season types of lubricants appeared.

From the moment the composition and technical quality of oils have undergone many changes, but their main purpose remains unchanged. The engine oil is designed to cover with thin, but with a strong, film moving parts, thereby protecting them from friction among themselves.

To date, there are several oil classification systems that allow us to divide lubricants for their operational qualities, specifications, as well as appointment. Among the main generally accepted systems of one of the most famous is the classification of motor oils by API. It was introduced in the late 50s of our century by the American Institute of Oil, and the fundamental principle in it is classification in two categories - S and C, that is, for gasoline and diesel engines, respectively.

Specifications of oils S and C

As noted above, the API system assumes division into two main categories, but there is a third designation of the quality of lubricants. Of these, each view is independent:

All these standards are denoted by the index of two letters, for example, Sn, SM, SH, SG, CF, CI, where the second value is an indicator by the level of operational characteristics. At the same time, the closer to the end of the Latin alphabet is the letter existing in the designation, the higher the oil level according to the API. For example, such a designation on the product as an API SL, SM or SN means superiority over the SF API.

Gasoline engines: quality classes, their designations and decoding

Group	Description
SN.	SN lubricants differ from the specifications preceding this category by the fact that they contain a much less phosphorus, which gives them additional energy-saving qualities and makes SN compatible with the latest systems aimed at the neutralization of exhaust gases. SN class is approved in the fall of 2010 and is used in the motor modern cars. It should be noted that the oils with the SN API specification in their characteristics are close to ACEA C2, C3, C4, so SN can successfully replace the SM lubricant.
SM.	SM first introduced at the end of 2004. This class is more common today than CN, because it is intended for modern gasoline engines, including many valve and turbocharged engines. The lubricant of this category was developed taking into account the improvement of engines, so it is designed to increase their environmental safety and be more wear-resistant. SM differs from the previous category SL greater resistance to the oxidation with excellent protective properties from the formation of precipitation and deposits, which certainly affects the high quality of lubricants. Two years after the release of SM, the category of oils for diesel engines with the designation of CJ4 was developed. SM Specifications are designed for cars since 2004, and are designed for them.
SL.	The SL class was designed shortly before the exit SM and SN. It is designed for engines of cars issued since 2001, and absolutely meets all modern standards and requirements, including high environmental friendliness and energy saving. SL are intended for modern motors, including multi-chamber, turbocharged and engines, adapted to work on depleted mixtures of fuel. On the lubricants of the SL group, the engines may also work for which the SJ category products are intended. Thanks to such properties, as a reduced volatility, SL is distinguished by long preservation of their qualities, so that the engine oil replacement interval increases significantly. To date, this category is valid and widely used by modern car owners.
SJ.	This class is also current current. He was approved in November 1995, although the certification product passed only a year later. Therefore, the SJ category oils are used for cars with a gasoline engine, starting from 1996 release. They are successfully used in the motors of passenger and sports cars, as well as in the engines of minibuses and small trucks. SJ shows good specifications, including resistance to precipitation and nagar, as well as the ability to maintain its properties at reduced temperatures. According to these properties of the SJ category oil, it is very close to the products of class S, so quite suitable for use when the automaker is recommended to use for the machine of the CateCo oil.
Sh	This category was created in 1992 and is considered to be conditionally acting. Oils included in this group are used in the 1996 motor output motors and earlier. In terms of its qualities, this class exceeds the SG category oil, because it was developed to replace it. Therefore, class sh oils are successfully used for cars in which SG is recommended.
SG.	SG class are designed for motors released in 1193 and earlier. The oils of this category are characterized by excellent protection against Nagar and are resistant to oxidation and corrosion processes. SG oils meet all the requirements for motor oils intended for diesel engines API CC, which means SG can be used for machines in which the manufacturer recommends using the SF and SF / CC category, as well as SE and SE / CC.

Specification Oils for diesel engines

Among the modern specifications of motor oils, oils of class CI and CF are most popular. It is they who are designed to meet all the features of modern diesel engines and meet all standards.

CI

CI -4 category approved in 2002. They are designed for various diesel engines, Ci specification products have high oxidation resistance and contain dispersing additives. Ci is quite environmentally friendly, compared with previous oil classes. It is worth noting that from the total category Ci allocate another class - CI -4 Plus. The enhanced CI -4PLUS class was derived taking into account the harsh requirements for the evaporation of the oil, its oxidation at elevated temperatures and the formation of a car.

CF.

The CF specification is designed for diesel engines with indirect injection. They are distinguished by a high content of different additives that prevent deposits on pistons, as well as protect against wear and form corrosion of internal parts with copper content, for example, bearings. The CF class may have the designations of CF-4 and CF-2, which means the car that provide for use in four-stroke and two-stroke (respectively) diesel engines. In this case, CF-4 is designed for engines operating in accelerated mode, and CF-2 is ideal for motors that are constantly exposed to high loads.

Video "API classifications"

Classification of motor oils API The American Petroleum Institute (American Petroleum Institute) was established in 1969. The classification of the API is called the classification of the quality of motor oils.

This classification shares motor oils on:
oils for gasoline engines;
oils for diesel engines;
Oils for two-stroke engines;
transmission oils;

For each of these species, quality classes are provided that describe a certain set of properties and quality of automotive oils of each class.

On the label, the information on the API engine oil engine oil is provided in this form: API SM., API CF., or API SM / CF.

If the engine oil can be used in both types of engines, then such oil is assigned to two classes - for diesel and for gasoline engines. On the oil label, these classes are separated by a slash, for example, API SJ / CF-4. At the same time, the first is the class of oil, which corresponds to a more preferred (according to the manufacturer of the car) application. That is, in the above case, the main purpose of the car - for gasoline engines, but the manufacturer allows its use in diesel engines.

It should be noted that the lack of information on the engineering oil label of compliance with any of the API classes unambiguously means that this is an automatic or does not have an API certificate at all, or the quality class assigned to it is outdated.

What do the API code characters mean?
The alphanumeric code is the designation of the oil class.
At the same time, the first encoding letter means the type of oil:
"S" - for gasoline engines (Service / Spark Ignition)
"C" - for diesel engines (Commercial / Compression Ignition)
"T" - for two-stroke engines (TWO-STROKE)

Motor Oil Quality Classes API: Gasoline Engines

API SN.
The new SN class was created by the American Oil Institute (API) in conjunction with the American Professional ASTM Association (American Society for Testing Materials) and SAE (Society of Engineers of the Automotive Industry).

The differences between the SN API class from the previous SM specification are much more scaligible than the differences of the SM class from SL. The main difference between the SN API from previous API classifications in limiting phosphorus content for compatibility with modern system neutralization systems, as well as integrated energy saving. That is, the oils classified according to the API SN will approximately correspond to ASE C2, C3, C4, without an amendment to high-temperature viscosity.

For the new category API SN, the lubricant committee proposed to follow the same development scheme as with earlier categories of API and ILSAC. This means that all performance features Motor oils for API and ILSAC will be equivalent to, except that the proposed requirements of the API SN do not include tests for wear on the Sequence IIIG method on the generated oils. These fuel tests and testing tests according to the Sequence VID method are important landmarks for oils applying for compliance with the ILSAC GF-5 standard.
The main differences between the ILSAC GF-5 from the previous classification of GF4, in the ability to work with biofuels, improved protection against wear and corrosion, greater fuel economy, improved compatibility with sealing materials and improved protection against sludgeing.

The requirements of the API SN and ILSAC GF-5 are close enough and low-viscosity oils are likely to be classified together in these two classifications.

Oils, the corresponding SN APIs can be used to replace the SM API and earlier.

API SM.
engines Since 2004 release.

The SM API class describes motor oils for modern gasoline (multiclapped, turbocharged) engines. Compared to the SL API class, motor oils that meet the requirements of the API SM must have higher levels of protection against oxidation and premature wear of engine parts. In addition, the standards are raised relative to the properties of the oil at low temperatures. Motor oils of this class can be certified by the ILSAC energy saving class.

Motor oils that meet the requirements of the API SM can be applied in cases where the car manufacturer is recommended aPI class SL or earlier.

API SL.
Motor oils for gasoline engines Since 2000 release.

In accordance with the requirements of car manufacturers, the API SL class machine is used in multi-chamber, turbocharged motors operating on fuel mixtures that meet modern enhanced ecology requirements, as well as energy saving.

Motor oils that comply with the requirements of the API SL can be used in cases where the automaker is recommended class API SJ or earlier.

API SK.
Due to the fact that one Korean manufacturer of engine oils uses the reduction of SK as its corporate name, to eliminate the possible confusion of the letter "K" is not used to designate the category of motor oils for gasoline engines.

API SJ.
Motor oils for gasoline engines Since 1996 release.

Car oils of this class are designed for use in gasoline engines of passenger and sports cars, minibuses and light trucks that are serviced in accordance with the requirements of car manufacturers. SJ provides for the same minimum standards as sh, as well as additional requirements for nagarization and working at low temperatures. Oils fall under certification by Energy Saving category API SJ / EC.

Motor oils that meet the requirements of the API SJ can be used in cases where the car manufacturer is recommended class SH or earlier.

API SH.
Motor oils for gasoline engines Since 1993 release.

Motor oils of this class are designed for use in gasoline engines. passenger cars, minibuses and light trucks of 1996 and older, in accordance with the recommendations of their manufacturers. Motor oils of this class were tested in accordance with the requirements of the Association of Chemical Products (SM).

The class is characterized by higher requirements compared to the SG class, and has been developed as a substitute for the latter, to improve the anti-carbon, antioxidant, antisository properties of oils and increased protection against corrosion.

The API SH class corresponds to the category of ILSAC GF-1 in all respects, except for the mandatory energy saving and, depending on the degree of fuel economy, refers to the category of API SH / EC and API SH / ECII.

Motor oils of this class can be used in cases where the car manufacturer is recommended by the SG API class or earlier.

API SG.
Motor oils for gasoline engines from 1989 to 1993 release.

Designed for use in gasoline engines of passenger cars, minibuses and light trucks of 1993 models and older working on unleaded gasoline with oxygenates. The engine oils of this class have properties that provide improved protection against carpets, oxidation of the machine and motor wear, in comparison with previous classes, and also contain additives that protect against rust and corrosion of internal parts of the engine.

API SG engine oils comply with motor oils for diesel engines API CC and CD. Can be used where the classes of the API SF, SE, SF / CC or SE / CC are recommended.

API SF.
Motor oils for gasoline engines from 1980 to 1989 releases.

These engine oils were used in gasoline engines of 1980-1989 releases operating on eaten gasoline, subject to availability and instructions of the engine manufacturer.

Provide enhanced resistance to oxidation, rust and corrosion, improved protection from the wear of parts, in comparison basic characteristics API SE Class Machines, as well as more reliable protection from Nagar and Slag.

Motor oils of the API SF can be used as replacements of previous API SE, SD or SC.

API SE
Motor oils for gasoline engines from 1972 to 1980.

These engine oils were used in gasoline engines of models of release of 1972-1979, as well as in some models of 1971.

Additional protection in comparison with API SC and SD machines. Can be used as SC and SD replacements.

API SD.
Motor oils for gasoline engines from 1968 to 1971.

The automal of this class was used in gasoline engines of passenger cars and some freight release of 1968-70, as well as some models of 1971 and later.

Improved protection compared to API SC motor oils, also applied exclusively if there is an engine manufacturer's recommendation.

API SC.
Motor oils for gasoline engines from 1964 to 1967 releases.

Usually used in engines of passenger cars and some trucks of 1964-1967. Reduce high and low-temperature nagar, wear, and also protect against corrosion.

API SB.
Motor oils for low-power gasoline engines.

Motor oils of the 30s of the 20th century, which provided enough easy protection against wear and oxidation, as well as anti-corrosion protection of bearings in motors that are operated in light load modes.

SB Motor Oils SB can only be used if they are specifically recommended by the engine manufacturer.

API SA.
Motor oils for gasoline and diesel engines.

Outdated class of oils for use in old motors operating in such conditions and modes in which the protection of parts is not needed.

API SA engine oils can only be applied if they are recommended by the engine manufacturer.

Motor Oil Quality Classes API: Diesel Engines

API CJ-4
Motor oils for diesel engines Since 2006 release.

Classification of the CJ-4 API licensed since October 2006.

The CJ-4 API class is designed for heavily loaded diesel engines, which meet the key requirements for NOx emission standards and solid particles for the manufacture of 2007 production and Recommended for engines equipped with particulate filters, as well as other systems for reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases.

The CJ-4 API standard carries significant changes in response to the needs of manufacturers of new engines that meet new environmental standards that are entered from 2007. API CJ-4 oils impose limits by some indicators: asiliciness is less than 1.0%, sulfur 0.4%, phosphorus 0.12%.

The CJ-4 API classification exceeds the requirements of earlier categories of API CI-4 Plus, CI-4 and can be used as their replacement.

API CI-4 Plus

The additional operational class of the API CI-4 Plus motor oils for diesel engines was introduced in 2004.

Compared to API CI-4, the requirements for the specific content of soot, as well as evaporates and high-temperature oxidation are increased. When certified in this classification, motor oil must be tested in seventeen motor tests.

API CI-4
Motor oils for diesel engines Since 2002 release.

API CI-4 class introduced in 2002.

These engine oils are used in modern diesel engines with various types of injection and supervision, as well as in engines with exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR).

The CI-4 API class has been introduced due to the emergence of new, more stringent requirements for the ecology and toxicity of exhaust gases, which are presented to engines issued from October 1, 2002. Requirements for plantation, sediments, viscous indicators, limit the TBN value are tightened.

The engine oil, the corresponding API CI-4, should contain appropriate wash-dispersing additives and has, in comparison with the CH-4 API class, increased thermal oxidation resistance, as well as higher dispersing properties. In addition, such cars provide a significant reduction in motor oil fusion due to a decrease in volatility and decrease in evaporation at operating temperatures up to 370 ° C, under the influence of gases. Requirements for cold rockers are tightened, the resource of gaps, tolerances and motor seals increased by improving the driving fluidity.

The CI-4 API classification replaces the oils API CD, CE, CF-4, CG 4 and CH-4.

API CH-4
Motor oils for diesel engines Since 1998 release.

Engine oils of this class are used in four-stroke diesel engines, which are operated in high-speed modes and comply with the requirements of the norms and standards for the toxicity of exhaust gases adopted in 1998.

The API CH-4 car corresponds to the sufficiently strict requirements of both American and European manufacturers of diesel engines. Class requirements are specifically designed for use in engines operating on high-quality fuel with a specific sulfur content of up to 0.5%. At the same time, in contrast to the class API CG-4, the resource of these engine oils is less sensitive to the use of diesel fuel with a sulfur content of more than 0.5%, which is especially relevant for South America, Asia, Africa.

Motor oils API CH-4 comply with increased requirements and should contain additives, more efficiently prevent valve wear and water treatment on internal surfaces.

The oils of the GH-4 API can be used as substitutes of motor oils API CD, CE, CF-4 and CG-4, in accordance with the recommendations of the engine manufacturer.

API CG-4
Motor oils for diesel engines Since 1995 release.

The CG-4 API class was presented in 1995.

Motor oils of this class are recommended for four-stroke diesel engines of buses, trucks and tractors of the main and non-maternal type, which are operated in the modes of increased loads, as well as high-speed modes.

Motor oil API CG-4 is suitable for engines that use high-quality fuels with a specific sulfur content of not more than 0.05%, as well as in motors for which special requirements for fuel quality are not put forward (the specific sulfur content can reach 0.5% ).

API CG-4 Class Machines must more effectively prevent wear of internal parts of the engine, formation of a car on internal surfaces and pistons, oxidation, foaming, soot formation (these properties are especially needed for modern engines main buses and tractor).

The CG-4 API class has been created in connection with the approval of new requirements and standards for the ecology and toxicity of exhaust gases (edition of 1994). The main disadvantage limiting the massive use of this class, for example, in Eastern Europe and Asia, this is the essential dependence of the resource of the car from the quality of the fuel used.

Motor oils API CG-4 can be used in engines for which the CD, CE and CF-4 class API classes are recommended.

API CF (CF-2, CF-4)
Motor oils for diesel engines with indirect injection.

The digit through a hyphen means a two-or four-stroke engine.

CF class API describes motor oils recommended for use in diesel engines with indirect injection, as well as other types of diesel engines that operate on fuel of various quality, including with an increased sulfur content (for example, more than 0.5% of the total mass) .

Motor oils certified by the API CF class contain additives that contribute to a more effective prevention of deposits on piston, wear and corrosion of copper (with copper content) of bearings, which is of great importance for these types of engines, and can be pumped in the usual way, as well as using turbocharger or compressor.

Motor oils API CF can be used where the class is recommended. quality API CD.

API CF-2 (CF-II)
Motor oils for diesel engines Since 1994 release.

Class API CF-2 introduced in 1994.

Motor oils of this class are commonly used in two-stroke diesel engines that operate in high loading conditions. The CF-2 API oils must contain additives that provide the protection of increased efficiency from wear of the internal parts of the engine, such as cylinders and rings. In addition, these cars must prevent the accumulation of deposits on the inner surfaces of the motor, that is, the improved cleaning function is characterized for these oils.

Motor oil certified by the CF-2 API class has improved properties and can be used instead of earlier similar oils, with the manufacturer's recommendation.

CF-4 API
Motor oils for diesel engines Since 1990 release.

API CF-4 class introduced in 1990.

Engine oils of this class can be used in four-stroke diesel engines, the operating conditions of which are associated with high-speed modes.

API CF-4 API must contain appropriate additives that provide a decrease in car utaway, as well as to protect against Nagara in piston group. The main purpose of the motor oils of this class is to use in diesel engines of heavy-duty tractors and other cars that are used for long-distance travels in highways.

In addition, such engine oils are sometimes assigned a dual class API CF-4 / S. In this case, if you have the relevant recommendations of the engine manufacturer, these cars can also be used in gasoline engines.

The quality requirements of the CF-4 API oils exceed the possibilities of the previous CE API class, so the CF-4 motor oils can be used instead of the CE API Class Oils, with the appropriate recommendations of the engine manufacturer.

CE API
Motor oils for diesel engines Since 1983 release.

The CE API class machine was intended for use in some heavy duty turbocharged engines characterized by significantly increased working compression. The use of such oils was allowed for engines both with low and high rates of the shaft.

The engine oils of the CE API were recommended for low-and high-rustic diesel engines released, starting since 1983, which were operated in high-load modes. Subject to the availability of the relevant recommendations of the manufacturer of the engine, these cars could also be used in motors for which motor oils of class API CD were recommended.

API CD-II ( CD-2.)
Motor oils for two-stroke diesel engines Since 1985 release.

API CD-II class introduced in 1985 for use in two-stroke diesel engines and is, in fact, the evolutionary development of the previous class API CD. The main purpose of using such cars was to use in heavy powerful diesel engines, which were installed mainly on agricultural equipment.

The engine oils of this class meet all working standards of the previous class API CD, in addition, the requirements are significantly increased relative to the high efficiency protection of the engine from Nagar and wear.

API CD +.
Motor oils for diesel engines Japanese production.

Oils have high resistance to oxidation and thickening under the influence of soot accumulation, as well as increased valve assembly protection.

API CD.
Motor oils for diesel engines Since 1955 release.

The CD API class was introduced in 1955 for normal use in some diesel engines, both atmospheric and turbocharged, with increased compression in cylinders, where effective protection against carbon and wear is extremely important. Engine oils of this class were usually used in agricultural machinery.

Motor oils API CDs could be used in cases where the engine manufacturer did not put forward additional requirements for fuel quality (including fuel with an increased sulfur content).

The API CDs were required, compared with previous classes, ensure increased protection against corrosion of bearings and high-temperature carpets in diesel engines. Often, motor oils of this class called "Caterpillar Series 3", due to the fact that they comply with the requirements of Superior Lubricants (Series 3) certification, developed by the tractor company Caterpillar.

API SS
Motor oils for diesel engines Since 1961 release.

The CC API class was introduced in 1961 for use in some engines, both atmospheric and turbocharged, which were characterized by increased compression. Engine oils of this class were recommended for engines that were operated in moderate and high load modes.

Compared to earlier classes, the MOP motor oils should have been provided to a higher level of protection against high-temperature nagar and corrosion of bearings in diesel engines, as well as from rusting, corrosion and low-temperature Nagar in gasoline engines.

API St.
Motor oils for diesel engines from 1949 to 1960.

Motor oils for diesel engines operating with an average load on sulfur fuel.

The class was approved in 1949 as an evolutionary development of the CA API, when using fuel with a high content of sulfur, without special quality requirements. The API API was also intended for use in supervisory motors, which were operated in lightweight and moderate modes. Often, this class was called "Motor oils" Appendix 1 ", thereby emphasizing the compliance with the MIL-L-2104A military prescription application 1.

API Sa.
Motor oils for diesel engines from 1940 to 1950 release.

Motor oils for low-loaded diesel engines.

The automotive of this class is designed for use in diesel engines working in light and moderate modes on a high-quality diesel fuel.

The class was widely used in the 40s and 50s of the last century and cannot be used in modern conditions, if this is not provided for by the requirements of the engine manufacturer.

Motor oils API CA must have properties that provide protection from nagar on piston rings, as well as corrosion of bearings in supervising motors, for which special requirements for fuel quality, which is used are not provided.

Motor Oil Quality Classes API: Two-Point Engines

API TD.
Oils for suspended two-stroke engines of motor boats.

API TC.
Oils for engines with high oil quality requirements, except engine boats, such as motorcycle engines, snowmobiles. It is possible to use the TC API in cases where the class API TA or TB is required.

API TB.
Oils for high-speed two-stroke engines with a volume of 50-200 cm3, working under large loads, for example, motor scooters, chainsaws, motorcycles.

API TA
Oils for two-stroke engines with a volume of up to 50 cm3 with air cooled, For example, mopeds, lawn mowers.

Quality Class Motor Oil API: Transmission Oils

API GL-6
Transmission oils for hypoid gears with increased displacement, operating under high speeds, large torque and shock loads.

API GL-5
Transmission oils for hypoid gears with level of operational properties MIL-L-2105 C / D. These oils are preferably used in transmissions with hypoid conical gears and conical wheels with circular teeth for the main transmission in cars, in motorcycle drive drives and step boxes Motorcycle gears.

Oils are used specifically for hypoid gears with high mixing axis. For the most severe operating conditions with shock and alternate load. Recommended for hypoid gears operating under high speeds at small torque and shock loads on the gear teeth.

API GL-4
Transmission oils with high additives with the level of operational properties MIL-L-2105. These oils are preferably used in stepped gearboxes and steering mechanisms, in the main gears and hypoid transmissions with a small displacement in vehicles and germ vehicles for the transport of goods and passengers and for non-transport.

Oils are used for hypoid gears operating under high speeds at small torque and under conditions of low velocities at large torque.

Be sure to have highly efficient anti-promotional additives.

API GL-3
Transmission oils with high additives with the level of operational properties MIL-L-2105. These oils are preferably used in the step of gearboxes and steering mechanisms, in the main gears and hypoid transmissions with a small displacement in cars and non-timing vehicles for the transport of goods, passengers and for non-transport.

Oils are used for spiral-conical gears operating in moderately harsh conditions, as well as for conventional transmissions with spiral-conical gears operating in moderately harsh conditions in speeds and loads.

They have the best anti-wear properties than the GL-2 API.

API GL-2
Transmission oils for worm gears operating under GL-1 conditions at low speeds and loads, but with higher requirements for antifriction properties.

API GL-1
Mineral oils without additives either oil with antioxidant and antipid additives, but without nontasted components for use in gearboxes with manual control With low specific pressure and sliding speeds.

Oils are used in cylindrical, worm and spiral-conical gear transmissions, working at low speeds and loads.

API MT-1
Oils for high-loaded units.

Designed for non-crown mechanical boxes Transmission powerful commercial vehicles (tractors and buses).

Equivalent oils API. GL-5, but possess increased thermal stability.

PG-2 API
Oils for the transmission of leading bridges of powerful commercial vehicles (tractors and buses) and mobile technology.

Equivalent by oils API GL-5, but have increased thermal stability and improved compatibility with elastomers.

How long and efficiently, that is, it will work, will work car EngineIt largely depends on the motor oil used, its classification according to SAE, API or ACEA. This is especially true in winter when the motor starts in the frost, and the aggregate warming requires significantly more time.

How to help the engine of the beloved car serve longer? Every motorist secretine hopes that someone very smart inventing the fabulous elixir of eternal youth. A few drops of which ensure that inside the engine everything sparkles cleanliness, and the exhaust smells like violets. IN real life The role of such an elixir is removed by engine oil.

But his service life to the offensive small, as motor oil is working in very difficult conditions, taking on the bulk of mechanical, temperature and aggressive chemical influences. Without exaggeration, it can be argued that the oil saves the engine at the price of his life.

Especially getting from high temperatures. It is sufficient to note that the temperature of the gases in the combustion chamber can reach 2500 degrees. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe first piston groove is also hot, about 300 degrees. The temperature of the gases that break into the engine crankcase on the working stroke tact is 150-450 degrees in gasoline engines and 500-700 degrees in diesel engines.

Information about motor oil, as will tell the label on the canister.

The first and often decisive purchases, information about oil buyer gets from the label pasted on the canister. Having understood in inscriptions and notation, you can quite confidently choose the right oil. And for the super-modern, polished electronics of the injection engine, and for the long-generated resource of the Soviet Auto industry. The year of release of which was lost somewhere in the past century.

So, consider a specific label, if possible, abstracts from the manufacturer's company and product brand. First necessary reduction: The inscription Fully Synthetic Motor Oil means that the canister contains completely synthetic engine oil.

It will be appropriate here that by origin, or depending on the type of base, lubricating oils are divided into mineral. Minerals are used as the basis, that is, oil refinats derived from severe fractions of oil distillation products. And synthetic - their bases are prepared on the basis of synthetic hydrocarbons or hydrocracking products of oil.

Synthetic oils, in contrast to mineral, have a better ability to maintain fluidity at low temperatures, minus 40-50 degrees and lower, and at the same time, withstand high operating temperatures without noticeable decomposition and evaporation. The intermediate group is the so-called semi-synthetic oilsMineral and synthetic substances can also be included.

Secondary reduction: The designation 5W-40 indicates that SAE - the US automotive industry society - classified this oil as the all-season in the operating temperature range from minus 30 degrees to +35 degrees. Classification of oils by sAE viscosity He is engaged in decades, and the conclusions of this international expert nobody makes doubt on.

The most common SAE classes are as follows: 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, 25W (Winter) and 20, 30,40, 50, 60 (summer). Combined, or all-season, oils have a double designation. For example, 0W-40 or 15W-40. They must correspond on the low-temperature properties of the Winter class W, and on high temperature - summer.

Third necessary reduction Contained in the inscription API SG / CD. It informs that the API is the American Institute of Oil shares motor oils into two main groups: S (Service) for gasoline engines and C (Commercial) for diesel engines of road transport, road construction equipment and agricultural machinery.

In turn, these groups of oils are divided into grades of quality, which, in fact, make up a certain set of operational properties for the car of each class. These classes are denoted by the letters of the Latin alphabet. And than the letter further from its start, that is, from a, the higher the high-quality oil indicators - for example, SF, SG, SJ, SM, CC, CE, CF, etc. Additional numbers in the designations of classes, for example, CF-2 , CF-4, CG-4,. Inform about the applicability of this oil for 2-stroke or 4-stroke diesel engines.

Oils that can be used to lubricate both gasoline and diesel engines are called universal. They are denoted by double labeling, for example, SJ / CF, SH / CF and the like. On the label, these classes are separated by the oblique line (SJ / CF-4 API). The first is the class of oil, which for this product is more preferable. That is, in the above case, the main purpose of the car - for gasoline engines, but at the same time the manufacturer allows its full use in diesel engines.

On labels, the canister of many engine oils of well-known manufacturers (and not only) can also be seen ACEA abbreviation and code, for example: A3 / B4-04. This Code ACEA is the Association of European Car Manufacturers - denotes motor oils for engines of modern European cars. In the example above - for motors with direct injection Fuel.

ACEA also divides oils by classes: a - for gasoline engines, B - for diesel engines of cars, C - compatible with exhaust gas neutralizers. E - for diesel engines of trucks. In terms of the level of operational properties of the oil of the newest class C is equivalent to universal oils of category A3 / B5-04. C1-04 and C2-04 category oils have low viscosity and increased energy-saving properties.

Certification of oils for compliance with the requirements of ACEA is carried out according to the results of laboratory and motor tests. Mainly in European production engines. Fuel testing methods and oils are standardized CEC (Coordinating European Council) - the European Coordination Council. For accurate observance of the rules of certification of oils, strict control is installed.

The difference in European and American systems for assessing the operational properties of motor oils has developed historically. This is connected with some difference in the design of the engines and the conditions of their operation.

On the label, the canisters with oil can also contain an inscription confirming the admission of this oil to use in the vehicles of the corresponding types and manufacturers. For example MB 229.1. This tolerance allows you to further delve into the API and ACEA classification, and only the actual attention of the car owner requires that he does not forget to look into the manual for the operation of its vehicle.

According to the materials of the automotive weekly "Autocentre". No. 44.2012.
Vladimir Yaroshenko.