Rating: 2.6666666666667
Rate: 3 people
Methodical plan
conducting classes with a group of guard of the guard of the fire unit on fire technician.
Topic: Organization of the operation of fire and rescue equipment.
Type of occupation: class-group. Time alloted: 90 minutes.
The purpose of the lesson: fixing and improving the knowledge of the personal on the topic:
1. Literature used during classes:
Tutorial: "Firemanship" V.V.Tebnev. Book number 1.
Order No. 630.
General provisions
Fire technician should be used only to extinguish fires and carrying themselves the priority rescue work. Using ultrastow vehicles, recruiting GPS units passenger cars Due to the staffing of the auxiliary firefighters of other brands - is prohibited.
Auxiliary fire trucks are used to ensure combat steam action, as well as the economic activities of the management bodies and divisions of the GPS.
On each vehicle, taking into account the amount of fuel and other conditions allocated on the funds, the individual norm of operation (run) for the year and quarter is established.
Based on quarterly operations of operation, rules of runs are established for a quarterly month.
For increase technical capabilities And the combat readiness of the divisions is created by the reserve of fire trucks.
Fire trucks in combat calculation and the reserve must be in a state of technical readiness.
The technical willingness of fire trucks is determined by:
a good technical condition;
refueling fuel and lubricant and other operational materials, fire extinguishing substances;
staffing with fire and technical armament and tool according to the subject matter and rules for labor protection;
Match them external view, coloring and inscriptions requirements GOST 50574-93
The car is considered good technical condition which does not correspond to at least one of the requirements of the regulatory and technical documentation. In this case, the operation is prohibited.
Maintenance and repair of fire engines is organized according to the planning and warning system.
Reception and production of fire cars for combat duty
For the acceptance of the fire car arrived in the UGPS, the head of the GPS management body is appointed permanent commission as part of: Chairman of the Department (separation) firemanship, members - the head of the PTC, the detachment, part of the technical service, the head and senior driver (driver) of the division into which the car is passed.
Acceptance (transmission) of the fire truck (unit) is issued by the act. On the results of acceptance, the Chairman of the Commission reports the head of the UGPS, OGPS.
A new fire truck entered into the division within the prescribed period is registered in the traffic police and before putting on combat duty should run.
Officon runoff is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer set forth in manuals and operating instructions. The results of the run-in are entered into a fire truck form.
After running, the maintenance of the fire car chassis is carried out in the amount of work recommended by the instruction manual for the chassis, and special equipment - in the amount of work of the first maintenance In accordance with the technical description and instruction manual PA.
Stopping a fire car for combat duty and consolidating him for drivers is made by the head of the GPS unit.
Accounting for firefighters and their work
Accounting documents of fire trucks are:
Registration certificate ( technical certificate, technical coupon), vehicle passport;
form;
Journal of accounting for the presence, work and movement of automotive equipment;
operational card;
the guide of the main (special) fire car;
Card accounting automotive tire;
Rechargeable battery operation card;
maintenance accounting log;
travel sheet of auxiliary fire car;
Magazine issuance, return of travel sheets and accounting for auxiliary fire car.
Certificate of registration is issued by the traffic police during the registration of the car and gives up to the traffic police during his write-off.
The fire truck form is part of the accompanying documentation of the manufacturer and is subject to compulsory filling when the vehicle is received into the GPS division. Maintaining the form is carried out by a senior driver, and with its absence - the holder of Karaul.
If there are counters on fire trucks, taking into account the work of special units (fire pump, generator, etc.), the magnitude of the above mileage must be installed according to the meter readings.
The control of the formulation, timeliness and objectivity of its sections is carried out by the head of the GPS division. The journal of accounting, the work and movement of automotive equipment is carried out in each UGPS, OGPS. Filling the magazine is carried out by the head of the department (separation) of fire equipment.
The operational card starts on every fire truck, is a document of accounting for its work and is filled with the driver. The correctness of the records made is monitored when changing Karaulov by the head of the GPS division. Fully completed and signed by the head of the division, the operational card monthly, on the set days, surrendered to the accounting department with a report on the expenditure of fuel lubricants.
A ticket on the departure of the main fireman is written out by the dispatcher (radiotelephone) and is issued to the head of the guard before leaving the fire (teaching, occupation, etc.). The voucher form is given in the application of the combat charter of fire protection.
A car tire accounting card is started when the car is received in the unit and when installing a new tire on the car.
Filling the card is carried out by the senior driver, and in his absence - the head of the guard, according to specialization.
The battery operating card is started at each battery when the car is received into the unit and when replacing the batteries to new ones.
Filling the card is carried out by the senior driver, and with its absence - the head of the guard according to the specialization.
The Journal of Maintenance Maintenance Maintenance Molds on Each Car and is filled with the Senior Driver, and in his absence - the head of Karaula according to specialization.
The journal is made on the maintenance record (immediately after it):
The first maintenance of the car and the maintenance of fire and technical weapons is less common 1 time per month.
The second maintenance is not less than once a year.
seasonal maintenance -2 times a year
On checking the level and density of electrolyte, as well as tire pressure and tightening the fastening of wheels - 1 time in 10 days
On the inspection of performance, cleaning the adjustment of the Penos Easpler Gas Bucket Vacuum -Aption -1 once a month.
All records are certified by signatures of drivers who are conducted, and information about the maintenance of fire and technical armament is completed by the signature of the commander of the department.
The correctness of the accounting magazine is controlled by the head of the GPS division.
The travel sheet for the departure of the auxiliary fire car is discharged by the senior driver, and in the absence of the dispatcher (radiotelephone).
The travel sheet is signed by the head of the GPS unit and is the order of the driver to perform the task. Using travel sheets, the form of which does not correspond to the established instruction on the technical service is prohibited.
Travel sheets on the work of vehicles on weekends and holidays (except for fires for fires) are issued with the permission of the head of the garrison of fire protection or the face of it replacing.
The track sheet is issued to the driver on one day, and in case of a business trip - for the entire period of a business trip on receipt in the log of the issuance, return of travel sheets and accounting for the operation of auxiliary fire cars.
The issue of issuing, returning travel sheets and accounting for the operation of auxiliary firefighters will be on all transport units, including those seconded.
The outcome of the fire truck is summarized by a senior driver monthly, and with its absence - the head of the guard according to the specialization or the head of the GPS division.
Maintenance of fire trucks
Maintenance (COM) is a complex of preventive measures carried out in order to maintain fire cars in technical readiness.
Maintenance of firefighters should provide:
constant technical readiness for use;
reliable operation of the car, its aggregates and systems during the established service life;
traffic safety;
elimination of the reasons for causing premature failure failure;
The minimum consumption of fuel and lubricating and other operational materials;
Reducing the negative impact of the car on the environment.
Types, frequency and place of maintenance
Maintenance of fire trucks on frequency, list, laboriousness and the place of work performed are divided into the following types:
daily maintenance (s) when changing the guard;
Maintenance on fire (teaching);
Maintenance on returning from fire (teaching)
Maintenance after the first thousand km. run (by speedometer);
first maintenance (TO-1);
second maintenance (TO-2);
seasonal maintenance (CO);
Daily service is carried out in a division when changing Karaulov to duty by the driver and the personnel of combat calculation under the guidance of the department commander.
Before changing the guard, all fire trucks in combat calculation and reserve must be pure, fully refilled with operational materials and fire extinguishable substances applied according to the subject matter. The driver of the replacing guard is obliged to make all the records about the work of the firefighter during combat duty to the operational card and prepare a car for delivery.
Personal composition, under the leadership of the Department commander, prepare PTV for the delivery according to the obligations of combat calculation.
The driver who receives a fire truck, in the presence of the driver of the replacing guard, must check the condition of the car in the amount of the list of daily maintenance work and make the appropriate entry in the operational map.
At the same time, the engine operation should not exceed:
For major firefighters of general use with a carburetor engine - 3 min;
For major firefighters of targeted use, vehicles with a diesel engine and vehicles equipped with a multi-mounted brake pneumatic system - 5 min;
For special firefighters - 7 min:
For fire travelers and crankshaft lifts - 10 min;
When malfunctions of fire equipment, fire and technical weapons and equipment, measures are taken to eliminate the personal composition of Karaul. If it is impossible to immediately eliminate malfunctions, fire equipment and equipment are replaced, and the fire equipment is derived from the combat calculation and is replaced by the backup, which is notified by the CPS.
The decision on the replacement of fire equipment and equipment is accepted by the head of Karaul, and the replacement of fire equipment - the head of the unit (operational duty)
The backup fire truck before making a combat duty must pass daily maintenance, which is carried out by drivers of the treated and changing guard.
About completed troubleshooting work Senior Driver (driver) makes entry in the account log.
The driver, accepting the car, is responsible in the prescribed manner for all the faults found in his duty.
Maintenance on a fire (teaching) is performed by the driver of a fire car in the amount of requirements of the instruction manual for the fire car.
Maintenance After returning from a fire (exercises) is carried out by the driver and personnel under the leadership of the Department commander in the unit.
Maintenance After the first thousand kilometers of the mileage is carried out by the driver under the guidance of the senior driver at the post of divisions in the scope of the requirements of the instruction manual for the fire car.
The first maintenance is carried out at the post of divisions enshrined by the driver by the driver to the service and free from duty, under the guidance of the Senior Driver in the scope of the requirements of the Fire Car Operation Instructions.
Before that, the head of the unit together with the senior driver, the commander of the department's department holds a control inspection of the technical condition of the fire car and PTV. According to the results of the control inspection, the senior driver, taking into account the remarks of drivers, is a plan of holding the distribution of all the volume of work between the drivers attracted by the drivers of the military settlement.
The Senior Division Driver is obliged to prepare the maintenance materials, tools, devices and spare parts necessary for maintenance.
During the days of the firefighters, practical classes with departure in the protected area are not planned. The schedule of classes during this period is compiled in such a way that the classes can be carried out at any other convenient time during the current on-bearing day.
After holding, each driver is painted in the account of the account. The second maintenance is carried out in the PTC, the detachment, (parts), a separate post of technical service by the workers of these units with the participation of a fire car driver according to the annual schedule-2 schedule.
As an exception, it is allowed to carry out that-2 at the post in the unit in the presence of the necessary conditions for its implementation.
At the same time, maintenance is carried out by the driver under the guidance of the Senior Driver.
In object units, it can be carried out on the basis of the automotive industry of the protected object in accordance with the developed and agreed schedule.
The first and second maintenance are performed after runs installed depending on the types of fire trucks, features and designs of operating conditions in accordance with the standards of maintenance periodicity.
Seasonal maintenance is carried out 2 times a year and includes work on the preparation of fire car for operation in the cold and warm season.
Seasonal service is usually combined with the next maintenance. As an independent type of maintenance CO is carried out in the areas of a very cold climate.
Procedure for planning, conducting and maintenance
Technical services for fire cars (TO-1 and TO-2) are held on days set by the schedule.
Annual Plan -Ratry-2 is compiled by the Firemanship Department, coordinates with the department of service and training and is approved by the head of the UGPS, OGPS.
Extracts from the schedule schedule Thu-2 are sent to each unit that is in service with fire trucks, 15 days before the start of the planned year.
The annual schedule of TO-1 is developed in every garrison of fire protection by the head of the TC of the Garrison, coordinates with the fire extinguishing service of the garrison and is approved by the head of the garrison. The annual schedule of TO-1 is compiled in a form similar to the schedule-2 schedule
In the preparation of the annual schedule-chart-1, the uniformity of the output of fire vehicles from a combat calculation in the departure areas is also ensured, and the SHO-2 plan and other features of the garrison are also taken into account.
Extracts from the schedule schedule TO-1 are sent to each unit with fire trucks in service, 5 days before the start of the planned year.
It is allowed to draw up a single schedule schedule TO-2 and TO-1
Maintenance schedule are compiled on the basis of the planned general runs of fire trucks, the standards for the frequency of maintenance, uniform loading of posts, then.
In the maintenance schedules include all firecards of divisions.
Maintenance in the form of an exception is allowed to carry out at the stations of cars, as well as in autoships and motor vehicles of other ministries and departments on the basis of concluded contracts in the prescribed manner with the payment of work performed on the non-cash payment on the tariffs operating at these stations.
The maintenance of the maintenance is made a note in the metering magazine, the formulation and operational card.
Responsibility for timely and high-quality maintenance of fire trucks carry:
When carrying out the fire (teaching) - the driver of the fire car;
when carrying out daily maintenance and maintenance upon returning from a fire (teachings), the head of the guard;
When carrying out the first thousand kilometers of the mileage and the one-1-head of the GPS division;
when conducting seasonal service and TO-2 - the head of the unit in which the service is carried out;
Main works performed during car maintenance.
To carry out that-1 and TO-2, the fire truck is derived from the combat calculation and is replaced by the backup. The order of conclusion from the combat calculation of fire cars and replacing them with reserve is determined taking into account the local conditions by the head of the GPS garrison.
The stay of the fire truck on maintenance should not exceed:
two days for that-1;
Three days for TO-2.
For car maintenance, individual operations can be performed. current repairs (accompanying current repair) in a volume not exceeding 20% \u200b\u200bof the complexity of the corresponding form.
The fire truck, which has passed that-2 (repair), receives the head and senior driver (driver) of the unit for the act (issuance).
The fire car, which has passed, must be a good, refilled operational materials, clean, adjusted, lubricated and respond to the requirements of operational documentation.
Staging on combat duty of fire cars who have not passed the next service is prohibited.
Repair of fire trucks
Repair is a complex of operations to restore the working state of fire trucks and ensuring their trouble-free work.
It can be performed on need or after a certain run.
Repair associated with disassembly or replacement of units and nodes must be executed, as a rule, according to the preliminary diagnostic results.
In accordance with the appointment and nature of the work performed, the repair of fire trucks is divided into the following types:
For cars: current, medium, capital;
For aggregates: current, capital.
Fire truck after repair receives the head of the unit and senior driver (driver) on the act of passing (issuing). The head of the TC division is responsible for the quality of maintenance and repair work.
Before making a combat duty, the fire truck must pass:
After overhaul - 400 km mileage. and the work of special aggregates lasting 2 hours;
After medium and current repairs (with replacement or overhaul One of the main aggregates) - 150 km mileage. and the work of a special unit lasting 2 hours.
Preparation of firefighters to operate in the summer winter periods of the year
Preparation of firemanship for operation in summer and winterit is carried out by order of the head of the UGPS, OGPS. Summer and winter periods, depending on climatic zones, is determined by the decisions of the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Before the onset of summer and winter periods with driver's drivers, classes are organized on which:
Features of the maintenance and content of fire cars;
Methods and means of increasing their passability;
Driving features;
Operational materials and the norms of their spending.
When preparing for operation in the winter period, it is also studied:
The order of starting the cold engine at low temperature;
Funds facilitating the launch of a cold car;
Heating and maintaining the normal temperature in motion and in the parking lots;
Safety measures when heating the engine and when handling tactical cooling low-chamber fluids;
Features of extinguishing fires in low temperatures.
Safety requirements for fire equipment
The organization of work to ensure labor protection, environment, production sanitation and fire safety during the operation of fire trucks should be carried out in accordance with the requirements
The theory of fire car traffic (PA) is considering factors that determine the time of the fire unit to the call site. The theory of operational properties of automotive vehicles (PBX) is based on the theory of operational properties of automobile vehicles.
To evaluate the properties of the design of Pa and its ability to arrive in a timely manner to the call site, it is necessary to analyze the following operational properties: traction-high-speed, brake, movement stability, controllability, maneuverability, smoothness.
6.1. Traction and high-speed properties of a fire car
The traction-high-speed properties of PA are determined by its ability to move under the action of longitudinal (traction) forces of leading wheels. (The wheel is called the lead, if the torque from the PBX engine is transmitted to it.)
This property group consists of traction properties that allow Pa to overcome the lifts and tow trailers, and high-speed properties that allow you to move with high speeds, perform overclocking (pickup) and move in inertia (elected).
For preliminary estimation of traction and high-speed properties, specific power is used. N. G. PA, i.e. Engine power ratio N., kW, to the full mass of the car G., t. According to NPB 163-97, the specific power of Pa should be at least 11 kW / t.
In domestic serial pas, the specific power is less than the recommended NPB value. Increase N. G. Serial PAs can be if installed on them engines with a greater power or not fully use the base chassis capacity.
Evaluation of the traction-high-speed properties of PA at specific power can only be preliminary, as often PBX with the same N. G. Have a different maximum speed and pickup.
In regulatory documents and technical literature, there is no unity in estimated indicators (meters) of the traction-high-speed properties of the PBX. The total number of evaluative indicators of more than fifteen.
Specificity of operation and movement (sudden exit with an immentable engine, intensive movement with frequent acceleration and braking, rare use of the eleg) allows you to select four main indicators to estimate the traction and high-speed properties:
maximum speed v. Max;
maximum rise, overcome on the first transmission at a constant speed (angle α Max or slope i. MAX);
overclocking time to a given speed t. υ ;
minimally stable speed v. min.
Indicators v. Max , α MAX , t. υ and v. MIN is determined analytically and experimentally. For analytical definition of these indicators, it is necessary to solve the differential equation of PA movement, just for a particular case - straight movement in the profile and plan of the road (Fig. 6.1). In the reference system 0 xyz. This equation has the form
where G. - mass of PA, kg; Δ. > 1 - accounting coefficient of rotating masses (wheels, transmission parts) PA; R to - the total load force of the leading wheels PA, H; Ρ Σ \u003d P. f. + P. i. + P. in the total resistance force movement, n; R f. - The power of resistance to rolling wheels PA, N: R i. - the strength of resistance to the rise of PA, H; R in – Air resistance force, N.
Solve equation (6.1) in general It is difficult, since the exact functional dependences that bind the main forces are unknown ( R to , R f. ,R i. , R c) at the speed of PBX. Therefore, equation (6.1) is usually solved by numerical methods (on a computer or graphically).
Fig. 6.1. Forces acting on the fire truck
When determining the traction-high-speed properties of the PBX with numerical methods, the force balance method is most often used, the power balance method and the dynamic characteristic method. To use these methods, it is necessary to know the forces acting on the PBX when driving.
Safety requirements for fire traffic
In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation No. 74 of 01.11.2001, which approves the instructions on the procedure for assigning the qualification of the driver of a fire truck and issuing a certificate for the right to work on a fire truck in the State Unitary Enterprise of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, to manage fire truck, equipped with special signals (flashlights of blue color and special sound signals) and having special color patterns on GOST R 50574-2002 on the outer surfaces, persons with continuous experience of work as a driver of an appropriate vehicle category for at least three years (for the period from 2002 for St. Petersburg and Leningrad Areas - at least one year) i.e. Having certain skills for the use and operation of the basic chassis of the fire car relevant category. The driver of the fire truck is obliged to have a driver's license with him, certificate for the right to work on the fire truck specific model, as well as to provide a good technical condition of the fixed fire car (cars) and continuously monitor the placement and fastening of fire and technical weapons and equipment on the fire truck to avoid its fall when driving.
The driver of the firefighter, as a driver of any vehicle, is obliged to provide a good technical condition of the car in accordance with the main provisions for the access of vehicles to the operation and responsibilities of security officials roadwhich establish a list of faults and conditions under which the operation of transport
funds. It is prohibited to operate fire trucks at the following faults:
1. Brake system.
1.1. During road testing, the operating rate of the working brake system is not respected. For firefighters with permitted maximum mass Up to 3.5 T inclusive, the braking path should be not more than 15.1 m, from 3.5 tons to 12 tons inclusive - no more than 17.3 m, over 12 tons - no more than 16 m. Car testing is carried out in a circular state, With a driver, on a horizontal section of the road with a smooth, dry, pure cement, or asphalt concrete coating, at a speed at the beginning of a braking of 40 km / h, by one-time impact on the working brake system control system.
1.2. The tightness of the hydraulic brake drive is impaired.
1.3. The disruption of the tightness of the pneumatic and pneumohydraulic brake drives causes a drop in air pressure during a non-working engine by more than 0.05 MPa 15 minutes after complete acting into action.
1.4. There is no pressure gauge of pneumatic and pneumohydraulic brake drives.
1.5. The parking brake system does not provide a fixed state of the fire truck with a full load on the slope of up to 16% inclusive.
2. Steering.
2.1. The total backlash in the steering is exceeded by 25 °.
2.2. There are not stipulated by the design of parts and nodes, threaded connections are not tightened or not fixed in the manner.
2.3. Faulty or missing steering power steering.
3. External light instruments.
3.1. Number, type, color, location and mode of operation of external lighting devices does not comply with the requirements of the fire car design.
3.2. Headlight adjustment does not comply with the requirements of GOST 25478-91.
3.3. Light appliances and light rails are not working in the installed mode or contaminated.
3.4. There are no diffusers on light instruments, or lamp diffusers are used that do not correspond to the type of light instrument.
3.5. Installation of flashing beacons, methods for their mounting and visibility of the light signal do not meet the established requirements.
3.6. Front set light appliances with red lights or red-factors of red, and rear - white colorexcept lanterns rear stroke and illumination of the registration sign, retroreflective registration, distinctive and identification signs.
4. Wiper and windscreen windshields.
4.1. Wiper wipers and windows do not work in the installed mode.
5. Wheels and tires.
5.1. Tires have the residual height of the tread pattern less than 1mm, local damage (trifles, cuts, breaks), exposing cord, bundle of the frame, depletion of the tread and sidewalls.
5.2. There is no bolt (nut) or there are cracks of the disk and rims of the wheels.
5.3. Tires in size or permissible load No models of vehicle.
5.4. On one axis, diagonal tires are installed together with radial, or tires with different types Tread pattern.
6. Engine.
6.2. Violated the tightness of the power system.
6.3. The exhaust gas release system is faulty.
7. Other design elements.
7.1. There are no rear-view mirrors stipulated by design.
7.2. Sound signal does not work.
7.3. Additional objects are installed or coatings, limiting visibility from the driver's seat, worsening the transparency of the glass, the danger of injury to the road users (on the top of the car windscreen can be attached transparent color films; it is allowed to use tinted glasses (except for mirror), which corresponds to the requirements of GOST 5727-88).
7.4. Do not work provided by the construction door locks and cabin locks, bars cargo platform, constipation Gorlowin tanks and fuel tank tubes, driver seat adjustment mechanism, emergency outputs and activation devices, drive control, speedometer, heating devices and glass blowing.
7.5. There are no rear protective device, dirt shrinkage and mudguards provided by the design.
7.6. Missing: medical first aid kit, fire extinguisher, emergency stop sign according to GOST 24333-97, anti-tetting stops (on fire trucks with a permitted maximum mass of over 3.5 tons).
7.7. Availability on the outer surfaces of firefighters of inscriptions and designations that do not meet state standards Russian Federation.
7.8. There are no belts of security if their installation is provided by the design.
7.9. Safety belts are inoperable or have visible holes on the strap.
7.10. Register sign Vehicle does not meet the requirements of the standard.
7.11. There are no design envisaged, or installed without coordination with the manufacturer of the fire car, additional elements of brake systems, steering and other components and units. If malfunctions prohibiting the operation of fire trucks occurred in the way or on a fire (accident), the driver must eliminate them, and if it is impossible, to follow the fire part in compliance with the necessary precautions. And only with the malfunction of the work brake system, steering, not burning (missing) headlights and rear overall lights in dark time The day or in conditions of insufficient visibility, inactive from the driver of the wiper during the rain or snowfall, the movement of the fire car is prohibited. In accordance with the requirements of the traffic rules (traffic rules), the driver of a fire truck, as a driver of any vehicle, is prohibited:
§ to control the vehicle in a state of intoxication A (skin, narcotic or other), under the influence of drugs, worsening the reaction and attention, in a painful or tired state, which threatens the safety of motion;
§ Transfer to the vehicle management to persons in a state of intoxication, under the influence of drugs, in a painful or tired condition, as well as persons who do not have a driver's license for the right to control the vehicle of this category;
§ cross the organized (including hiking) columns and occupy a place in them;
§ Use alcoholic beverages, narcotic, psychotropic or other foaming substances after the road accident, to which it is involved, or after the vehicle has been stopped at the request of the police officer, before conducting an examination in order to establish a state of intoxication or to make a decision on exemption from such examination;
§ Use a telephone that is not equipped while moving technical deviceallowing you to negotiate without the use of hands. The driver of the fire truck in accordance with the requirements of the traffic police is obliged to undergo at the request of police officers. Examination on the state of intoxication, and during the duty days - surveys on the state of intoxication at the request of their bosses.
When there is a fire truck for a fire (accident) or teaching with a flashing light light, the driver of a fire truck can retreat from the requirements of the traffic lights, making sure that the fire truck is inferior to the road. So, for example, the driver of the fire truck is allowed to pass on the prohibitory signal of the traffic light, while ensuring the safety of vehicles and pedestrians at the intersection. At the same time, it is necessary to remember the mandatory execution by the driver of the fire car the requirements of the adjustment signals. Subject to ensuring the safety of vehicles and pedestrians, the fire truck driver with a glimpable blue light bearing is allowed to retreat from the following sections and PDD applications:
§ start of movement, maneuvering;
§ location of vehicles on the carriageway;
§ movement speed;
§ overtaking, counter train;
§ stop and parking;
§ passing crossroads;
§ pedestrian crossings and stopping of transport vehicles;
§ Movement through the railway tracks;
§ Movement in highways;
§ movement in residential areas;
§ priority of route vehicles;
§ the requirement of road signs;
§ Request traffic.
Despite the foregoing deviations, before the start of movement, rebuilding, turning (turn) and the stop, the driver of the fire truck is obliged to feed the signals with light indicators of the rotation of the corresponding direction. The driver of the fire truck should set the speed of movement depending on the characteristics of the road (widths and numbers of strips, profile, quality and state road coat), the conditions of visibility, density and tension of traffic flows, remembering that the larger the speed of the car, the greater the likelihood and harder the consequences of road accidents. The rectilinear areas of the road make it seemingly sharply raising the speed due to the lack of intersections, traffic lights, pedestrian crossings. However, in practice, unexpected actions of road participants, the lack of reaction to the included special sound and light fire vehicles can cause dangerous situations and accidents. Most often, this is due to the inconsistency of the chosen speed and the experience of the driver or its condition. Stopping for public transport is a place where you can hit pedestrians. Trams standing at the bus stop, trolleybuses, trams, also dangerous: because of them, there may be unexpectedly a person. The driver of the fire truck must be extremely attentive at the entrance to the unregulated pedestrian transitionsWhere a pedestrian can be invisible due to moving vehicles. The most dangerous area of \u200b\u200bthe road (up to 2/3 of all collisions of vehicles) is the intersection. At the intersections, the driver of the firefighter has to perceive and evaluate the behavior of several vehicles and pedestrian groups at the same time. Some intersections are distinguished by limited visibility. They may unexpected vehicles. The limited dimensions of individual intersections make it difficult to maneuvering the fire car. Driving to the intersection, the driver of the fire truck must necessarily serve a special beep, slow down the car, evaluate the type of intersection, visibility on it, the number of bands, be able to accurately assess the speed of the approaching cars, the distance to them and the time for travel in the right direction. Crossing the intersection should only make sure of complete safety, i.e. Provided that all road users are inferior to the fire truck. The driver of the fire truck should be aware of the road sections that generate dangerous traffic situations. When moving a fire truck in the dark and under conditions of insufficient visibility, regardless of the lighting of the road, as well as in the tunnels, the headlights of long-distance or near light should be included. And the speed of movement in the dark almost in all cases should be less speed during the daytime. It must be established such that the stopping path of the car was twice the distance of visibility. Statistics show that during the dark day there are almost half of all accidents with the most serious consequences. In the bright time of the day, if necessary, the movement of the fire truck with the included flashlights and a special sound signal on the strip towards the flow of movement by the fire car driver should be enabled Middle Light headlights and emergency light alarm. To warn about overtaking, it is advisable to apply a light signal, which is in the daytime day - periodic short-term inclusion and turning off the headlights, and in the dark, multiple headlights with low-light headlights. The movement of the fire car outside the settlements should be carried out with the closest headlights included at any time of the day. With a forced stop (including in a fire or accident), where, given the conditions of visibility, the fire truck cannot be seen in a timely manner with other drivers, emergency light alarm should be included, and in the dark at unlined road areas and under conditions of insufficient visibility Additionally, dimensional lights must be included (in addition to overall fires Middle lights may be included, fog lights and rear fog lanterns). In addition, at a distance providing a timely prevention of other drivers about the danger (at least 15 meters from the vehicle in settlements and 30 meters outside settlements) The driver of the fire car must be set up an emergency stop sign.
Per violation of traffic rules and other regulatory legal acts in the field of road traffic a fire truck driver is responsible in accordance with the Code of Russia administrative offenses and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Unlike customary purposes, fire trucks are operated in special, one can say more "hard" conditions. purpose technical exploitation Firefighters - the maximum implementation of their potential properties, when moving in operational mode and ensuring basic actions on the fire and during emergency rescue work.
Operation of the fire truck consists of two main modes: waiting and use for its intended purpose. The mode of using a fire truck includes:
▪ Departure and following to the call site;
▪ Deploying funds;
▪ liquidation of burning and performing special works;
▪ Cutting funds;
▪ Following the part.
When departing and following the call cold Engine The fire truck is operated with the highest possible load on the forced modes, which undoubtedly increases its wear, while reducing its durability.
When liquidating combustion, the car engine operates in a stationary load mode - actuating the fire pump. Depending on the stationary power consumed, the thermal state of the aggregates may be normal or elevated.
The peculiarities of the operation of firefighters are also frequent launches of mechanisms in order to verify their performance, warming mechanisms in motion, lack of installed engine operation modes when the pump is supplied.
Thus, in the units of firefighters more intensively compared to the usual transport vehicles There are processes that predetermining the decline in their performance. As a result, the technical condition of the fire truck is inevitably deteriorating, its reliability decreases.
To maintain fire car park in good condition, a complex of technical and organizational events is carried out, which can be divided into two groups: maintenance and repair.
The operation of firefighters should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Rules for Labor Protection in the divisions of the GPS EMERCOM of Russia.
For changing dutystarting engines can only be made after inspection and reception of PTV and equipment, as well as after connecting the gas feed to the outlet pipe of the fire car engine.
For Collect, leaving, following the call and return to the location should be guided by the following rules.
Collecting and departing on duty changing alarm is provided in the prescribed manner. According to the alarm signal, the personnel of the duty shift arrives to fire vehicles, and the lighting in the room of personnel and the garage will automatically be included. It is forbidden to leave on the ways following the clothes, household items, etc. When using the trigger post, the personnel is obliged to withstand the necessary interval, follow the descending ahead to exclude injury. Successful on the post should not touch the unprotected parts of the hands of its surface, but, descending, to free the place to carry out the next descent.
The procedure for planting the personal composition of the duty shift to fire vehicles (in the garage or outside it) is established by order of the head of the GPS unit, based on the conditions for ensuring security and local characteristics. When landing, it is forbidden to run before cars leaving the alarm. If the landing occurs outside the garage building, the yield of the personnel of the duty shift to the site is allowed only after the departure of fire cars from the garage. The landing is considered to be completed only when the personnel will take its place in the car and close the cabin doors.
The movement of the fire car is allowed only with the doors of the cabin and body closed. At the same time, it is forbidden to submit a team to the movement of the fire car until the end of landing of the personnel of the duty shift and finding unauthorized persons in fire cars (except for persons indicating the direction of movement to the call site). To prevent urban transport and citizens about the departure of fire trucks from the garage, special traffic lights are lit, and in case of their absence, the facade is obliged to the red flag (at night a red lantern) to feed signals.
For the safe movement of the fire car, the driver is responsible. When following the fire, the driver is obliged to include a special light alarm and use a special sound alarm in accordance with the regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. It is forbidden to use a special sound signal when the car is not on the challenge (fire or accident) and when returning to the GPS division. Following the call site (for fire or accident), the driver is obliged to accurately perform the current "road rules". Subject to ensuring the safety of movement, the driver of the fire truck is allowed to allow certain deviations from the existing traffic rules:
▪ move at a speed that ensures timely execution of a task, but not a danger to others;
▪ Continue moving at any traffic signal, making sure that other drivers give way to him, and provided that the gestures of a policeman regulating motion do not oblige him to stop;
▪ Pass (rotate, stop the car, etc.) at the places of operational work, regardless of the established signs, pointers and lines (with the exception of travel in the direction opposite to the movement).
The head of the duty shift or the head of the GPS unit, who left at the head of the duty shift to the call site, is obliged to know the rules of the road and ensure their execution by the driver.
During the movement of the fire car, it is forbidden to open cabbage doors, hang out of windows, stand on the steps (except for the specially provided rear footrest when laying the sleeve lines from the car), smoke and apply an open fire.
Arriving to the place of call, the personnel of the duty shift, comes out of the fire car only by order of the head of the fireplace or senior official who arrived at the head of the duty shift.
For deploying funds The head of the extinguishing fire (emergency and rescue work) or other officials in order to implement security measures is provided:
▪ selection of the safest and shortest ways of laying sleeve lines, tool transfer and inventory;
▪ Installation of fire trucks and equipment at a safe distance from the place of fire (accident) so that they do not prevent the arrangement of arriving forces and funds, fire cars are installed from unfinished buildings and structures, as well as from other objects that can hit fire at a distance equal to no less than the height of these objects;
▪ stop, if necessary, all types of transport (stopping railway transport is consistent in the prescribed manner);
▪ Installing single hazard signals and alerts about them of the entire personnel of the GPP units operating in a fire (accident);
▪ withdrawal of the personal composition of the GPS divisions in safe place with an obvious threat of explosion, poisoning, radioactive irradiation, collapse, boiling and emissions of flammable and combustible liquids from tanks, etc.;
▪ Organization of security posts from two sides along the railway canvas, to monitor the movement of compositions and the timely alerts of the personal composition of the GPS units about their approximation, in the case of laying sleeve lines under the railway tracks.
During deployment of funds, it is prohibited:
▪ Start it to fully stop the fire car;
▪ Use open fire to illuminate the wells of fire hydrants, gas - and heat of communications;
▪ descend without funds individual protection Respiratory and rescue ropes in Water-, Gas-, Tech Communications Wells;
▪ put on the strap of the fire trunk attached to the sleeve line at a height and when working at height;
▪ Located under the lift or descent on rescue rods of the instrument, PTV, etc.;
▪ transfer a mechanized and electrified tool in a working condition facing working surfaces (cutting, stitching, etc.) in the course of the movement, and transverse saws and hacksaws - without covers;
▪ raise a hidden line filled with water;
▪ Serve water in loose sleeve lines before the exit of the bodies to the original position or lift to the height (vertical sleeve lines must be attached from the calculation of at least one sleeve for each sleeve).
The supply of fire extinguishing substances is permitted only by ordering operational officials in a fire or direct chiefs. To feed water in the sleeve lines should be gradually, increasing the pressure to avoid falling in the cleaning workers and breaking the sleeves.
When using the fire hydrant, it is opened with a special crochet or scrap. At the same time, make sure that the lid does not fall on his feet.
When laying a hostess line with a sleeve and pumping firefighters, the driver must control the speed of movement (not more than 10 km / h), and the fireman - reliably fix the doors of the fire car compartments and monitor the health of the light and sound alarm.
In cases of the threat of an explosion, the laying of the sleeve lines by the personnel of the GPS divisions is carried out by the overwhelming, with the use of existing shelters (gallery, walls, embankments, etc.), as well as protection equipment (steel caskens, spheres, shields, body armor), or under Cover against armored arts, armored vehicles and cars.
It is forbidden to install firecards across the roadway road. Stopping on the roadway of the street, roads, creating interference by the movement of vehicles, is allowed only by order of operational officials or head of the duty shift. At the same time, emergency light alarm should be enabled on the fire truck. For safety at night, a standing fire truck is lit by onboard, overall or parking lights.
For work with skin care batteries Need:
▪ Use portable electrolymps with voltage up to 36 V (lamp cord must be enclosed in the hose);
▪ produce an acid transfusion only by means of a special siphon;
▪ Preparation of electrolyte in a specially reserved room in lead, faience or ebonite baths. In this case, sulfuric acid must be poured into distilled water, stirring the solution;
▪ Make transportation and carrying bottles with sulfuric acid and electrolyte in baskets or in wooden cells.
▪ Transportation rechargeable batteries Perform only on special trolleys.
▪ Upon completion of work with rechargeable batteries, carefully wash your face and hand with soap.
When working with acid rechargeable batteries do not:
▪ prepare the electrolyte in glassware, pour distilled water into sulfuric acid, working with acid without safety glasses, rubber gloves, boots and rubber apron;
▪ enter the battery with open fire, smoke;
▪ Install B. battery switches, fuses and plug sockets, as well as rectifier devices, motor generators, electric motors, etc.;
▪ use in battery electric devices (electric tiles, etc.);
▪ Check the batteries with short circuit terminals;
▪ Store and eat food and drinking water in the accumulator room;
▪ Charging batteries in the garage room.
Refueling firefighters GSM It should be done only with hoses from gas station or gas stations. It is forbidden to refill from canisters, vest and other tanks. It is also prohibited to make fueling fuel in the garage and on the post of fire cars.
During refueling fire cars, the personal composition of the GPS units should be outside the car's cab. The refueling should be made using pumps or dimensional containers in specially equipped places for this, avoiding the strait of petroleum products or leakage them. All spilled petroleum products must be covered with sand (sawdust) and immediately removed.
The firefighter velocity platform should have a solid coating from opposing the effects of petroleum products and materials of materials. The slope of the site should be at least 0.02 m, but not more than 0.04 m.
It is necessary to show special care when working with eaten gasoline, able to cause severe poisoning. It is forbidden to use it for washing hands, details, cleaning clothes, suck gasoline and blow pipelines and instruments of the mouth of the mouth. Transport and store gasoline only in a closed container with the inscription "Ethyl gasoline - poison". Spilled gasoline remove with sand, sawdust, chlorine lime or warm water. The areas of the skin, on which the eaten gasoline came, washed with kerosene, and then warm water with soap. It is forbidden to leave the generating container from under fuel and lubricants in premises for car service.
The fuel and lubricants in the container should be stored in the covered warehouses in one tier on wooden lining (pallets), the plugs of the metal container should rig the special keys that exclude the possibility of sparking. Styling of barrels should be made carefully, plug up, without hitting their one about another. Storage is not allowed in the room of empty containers, workwear, woolproof material.
For refueling fire car by foaming agent The personal part of the GPS unit should be provided with protective glasses (eye protection shields). Mittens and waterproof clothing are used to protect the skin. From the skin and mucous membrane of the eye, the foaming agent is washed off clean water or saline (2% solution of boric acid). The refueling of firefighters of the foamymellum must be mechanized. With the impossibility of mechanized refueling, in exceptional cases, firefighters can be carried out manually. In the case of refueling firefighters by hand, it is necessary to apply measuring containers, hinged (removable) stairs or special mobile platforms. The storage capacity of the foaming agent must be made with anti-corrosion protection and are equipped with a comfortable and safe drainage-liquid instrument. It is prohibited to use intermediate containers to refuel fire cars by the foaming agent, as well as application near the placement of open fire and smoking during refueling.
For maintenance of fire cars The following requirements must be met:
▪ Maintenance is made in premises or posts provided by natural and forced ventilation;
▪ All fasteners and adjustment operations must be performed in the sequence specified in the technological maps;
▪ The sequence of compulsory work must exclude the possibility of simultaneous work on top and from the bottom of a vehicle (unit) of the car;
▪ After installing the firefighter on the viewing ditch on the steering wheel, the "Engine does not start - people work" are strengthened. Before congressing from the ditch, the overpass, the floor lift must be verified in the absence of objects or people on the movement of the car;
▪ When installing a car for maintenance post, it is necessary to slow down its parking brake, turn off the ignition, turn on the lowest gear in the gearbox, put at least two stops (shoes) under the wheels;
▪ When lifting (hanging) of one wheel (axis), it is stopped by the jack, and "shoes" are put under the wheels of another bridge. Before serving on the control mechanism, the sign "Do not touch - people work under the car". Do not lift or post a fire car for towing hooks. In order to avoid spontaneous lowering of the hydraulic lift, its plunger in the working (raised) position should be reliably fixed by focus (barbell);
▪ Engine operation is checked when the parking brake is on and the neutral position of the gear lever (the ventilation turns on and gas feeds are used);
▪ Fire vehicle adjustment operation on fire vehicles with carburetor engines must be performed by two working, one of which must be wrapped crankshaft using a starting handle;
▪ Difficult points on the fire truck should be lubricated with the help of tips connected to pistols flexible hoses or tips with hinges;
▪ When checking the oil level in units for lighting, only portable lamps should be applied. Apply for this purpose open fire is prohibited;
▪ When conducting work, it is allowed to use only a good and appropriate tool;
▪ When fastening operations, use mainly cash or end keys, and in hard-to-reach places with a limited corner of turning, it is advisable to use keys with ratchers (ratchet mechanisms). You should not rotate the keys in bulk, since their breakdowns are possible;
▪ Tireworks to produce only a special exchanger in a designed place for this. The pumping of the mounted tire is allowed to produce in a special fence or using other devices that protect the locking ring and not allowing tire breaks that can cause injuries to the manufacturer of work;
▪ When working associated with turning the crankshaft and cardan shafts, it is necessary to additionally check the ignition shutdown, and the gearbox lever is set to a neutral position, release the parking brake lever, and after it is executed, tighten the parking brake and turn on the lower gear again;
▪ When removing and setting the spring, it is necessary to pre-unload them by raising the frame and install it to goat.
When carrying out maintenance do not:
▪ increase the keys by other keys or tubes, use gaskets between the yawn key and the edges of the bolts and nuts, hit the key when unscrewing or wrapped;
▪ Apply levers or extensions to increase the shoulder wrench;
▪ knock out the disks with a sledgehammer, make a disassembly of the wheel by driving on it cars, etc.;
▪ maintain a transmission with an engine running;
▪ work on machines and equipment without grounding;
▪ use the power tools with defective insulation of current-handing parts or in the absence of their grounding device;
▪ Perform any work on the fire truck, posted only on some lifting mechanisms (jacks, tals, etc.);
▪ Play wheels, bricks, stones and other foreign objects under the posted fire truck;
▪ produce work without special stops (goats) that protect against spontaneous lowering of the fire truck or its individual parts, in operations that require raising the fire truck with the help of jacks, tags and other lifting mechanisms;
▪ Perform maintenance of a fire car with an engine running, except for the inspection of the engine and brake control.
Operators are allowed to work on diagnostic stands with adaptations and devices, having an appropriate tolerance for working on them, which have passed a special intention on labor protection and have studied the rules of operation of diagnostic equipment.
Soldering lamps, electric and pneumatic tools are issued only to the employee (workers), which has passed instructing and knowledgeable rules Handle calls.
The lifts and the jacks are tested by employees (workers), which they are fixed, once every 6 months with a static load more extremely permissible by a passport by 10% for 10 minutes with a load in the upper extreme position. Hydraulic jacks have a drop in fluid pressure by the end of the test should not be more than 5%.
Size-protecting service
· PC-1 S.Namtsz has 21 people l / s, after a day, 3 certified gas stickers are assigned to combat duty.
In service with GDZS is: the devices "Omega North-1" - 4 pcs., Airo GO - 3 units, Junior-2 compressor - 1 pc.
GDZS is designed to ensure the combat work of the personal composition of fire protection in an unsuitable environment when extinguishing fires and eliminate the consequences of accidents.
The main tasks of GDZS is: rescue of people, reconnaissance, extinguishing fires, evacuation of material values, as well as the creation of conditions that ensure the fighting units of fire protection and emergency brigades by pumping smoke, discharge of clean air, changes in the direction of movement of gas flows.
Communication service
Communication service is a system of communications divisions of the GOP, as well as the type of communication activities in the GPS, the effective integrated use of communications and qualified technical operation of these funds in the management bodies and divisions.
The main tasks of the GPS Communication Service are the organization of communication in the prevention of fires and when steaming fires.
Basic Functions of the GPS Communication Service:
· Hears accounting and analysis of the availability and state of all in the territorial and subordinate local garrisons of means and communication systems and automation in order to assess their sufficiency for the needs of management, it is planned to organize, and controls their comprehensive technical support and operation;
· Based on orders and guidelines for the organization of communication of higher authorities, the schemes of wired and radio communications with the necessary explanatory notes for territorial and local garrisons are developing;
· Taking into account the current state, the immediate prospects for the new construction of networks and systems, the development of resources and communication services of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation plans further improvement its own communication system in the territorial and local garrisons, seeks the necessary financial resources for this purpose;
· Develops and issues reasonable initial data for the design and construction of new systems and constructions of communication in the garrison (garrisons);
· Develops reports on the operation of communications and gives proposals for changes in the status of these funds for the management and GPS bodies;
· Suppresses local garrisons by means of communication, technical support and operational and consumables;
· Provides assistance to local garrison services in the organization of communication, operation of equipment, ensuring the interaction of units, special preparation of personnel to qualified use by means of communication;
· Carries out permanent interaction with the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and communication enterprises of various accessories that provide GPS lines and channels for rent in the aim of rapidly eliminating these enterprises of accidents and malfunctions on serviced cable lines and satisfaction complaints with poor granting paid communication services;
· Plans to actively participate and controls the conduct in garrisons special training and training the guidelines and the entire personnel of the GPS to the qualified use of communication and automation means in operation and weapons.
5.1. Classification of incidents with firefighters, causes and measures to prevent them.
5.1.1. Accidents with firefighters include cases of road accidents and refuses to work, which arose when performing combat missions.Failure to fire a car lies in violation of its performance, leading to the termination of combat operation.
5.1.2. The main types of accidents with fire cars are: collisions, tipping, tricks on pedestrians.
The causes of these accidents are: violation of the rules of crossroads; Incorrect selection of movement speed, non-acceptance or late adoption of measures to reduce speed or stop; violation of the rules of overtaking;
5.1.3. Work on the prevention of an accident in the State Fire Office Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is organized by the commander of the departments, the heads of the guard, heads of divisions, heads of UGPS, OGPS and their deputies, and in the department (separation) of fire equipment - the guideline and engineering and inspection composition according to functional duties.
5.1.4. The main activities for the prevention of road accidents are:
maintaining in divisions of due discipline, organization and high responsibility of the entire personnel for fixed equipment;
ensuring accurate compliance with the rules of the road traffic and the recommendations of driving in special conditions;
study by drivers of routes and location of water sources in the area of \u200b\u200bdeparture of the division;
briefing drivers and commanders of offices before the intercession on duty and performing tasks;
careful investigation of the reasons and the adoption of concrete measures for each accident with fire vehicles, identifying and eliminating the causes contributing to the incidents;
timely and high-quality maintenance of cars;
compliance with the established procedure for admission of drivers to the management of fire vehicles;
removal from managing cars of undisciplined and unprepared drivers, as well as not appropriate for medical testimony.
conducting technical conferences with the discussion of advanced methods of use, maintenance, trouble-free work and the promotion of personnel for the successes achieved in the operation of fire trucks without incident;
restriction of the use of passenger operational and service and trucks on weekends and holidays;
systematic generalization and introduction of positive experience of the operation of fire cars;
regular classes with drivers for the study of road rules, material part of cars and enhance the practical driving skills driving firefighters in difficult road conditions, as well as work with special units.
5.1.5. Events to prevent accidents with full-time vehicles The GPS is being developed by the department (separation) of the fire equipment and includes a separate section into the work plan of UAPs, OGPS.
5.1.6. The absence of accidents, breakdowns and malfunctions in the combat work of cars does not exclude the need for permanent operation to prevent them.
5.2. Service checking incidents with firefighters
5.2.1. Service check is carried out in accordance with the procedure for investigating an accident involving automotive transport of the internal affairs bodies in accordance with the order of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs of 07.07.89. N 125.5.2.2. A service check of road accidents is carried out for each case of an accident, which arose with the participation of the automotive transport of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
In case of service testing of an accident with injuries, representatives of UGPS, OGPS, heads of GPS units should be involved.
5.3. Accounting and reporting on road traffic accidents in the State Fire Service
5.3.1. All road traffic accidents, regardless of the place of origin, their consequences and guilt drivers, as well as breakdowns and failures in the work of fire trucks should be taken into account in accordance with the rules for accounting for an accident, declared by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia from 3.01.1996. N 2.5.3.2. Accounting of road accidents is carried out:
in UGPS, OGPS - in the journal Accounting for an accident and adopted measures to prevent them (Appendix 42);
in the divisions - in the form of a fire car.
Data on the accidents listed in the accounting magazine is at least once a month with the data of the traffic police.
5.3.3. About all accidents, breakdowns and failures of fire equipment The heads of divisions are obliged to send a report in UGPS, OGPS (Appendix 43).
5.3.4. UGPS, OGPS make up an annual incident report with full-time GPS vehicles (Appendix 44)
and together with the explanatory note (on the facts of injuries)
