Dimensions of vehicles in the Russian Federation. Maximum automotive length: permissible vehicle dimensions. The main topics of the automotive portal

Often during the transportation process you have to transport various oversized cargoes. There is no clear definition in traffic rules for such.

It is believed that the cargo is oversized, if it does not meet the requirements and exceeds the size of the vehicle itself, as a result of which the risk of accidents increases. Therefore, the oversized need to be highlighted in such a way that other participants will road It could be seen from a long distance and take measures to ensure security.

Allocate two main types of this type of cargo:

• large - exceeds the size of the vehicle, can overlap part of the carriageway;
• heavy - his weight is greater as possible permissible weightwhich can carry this machine.

If we are talking about freight traffic, then the oversized exceeds the following parameters:

• its height is more than 2.5 m;
• weigh from 38 tons;
• length starts from 24 m;
• width - from 2.55 m.

What is a penalty for non-compliance with the requirements?

It is also necessary to recall that the administration provides for the incorrect organization of transportation of oversized and without appropriate permission.

• In particular, in the COAP article 12.12.1 Part 1, it is said that the driver will be forced to pay a fine of 2 500 rubles.
• The official person who allowed such transportation will be obliged to pay 15-20 thousand rubles.
• And for the Jurlitz, responsibility is superimposed in the form of 400-500 thousand rubles.

For the same article, the driver can deprive his driver's license to six months.

Based on all these factors, the driver and responsible person can receive not only a penalty for oversized cargo, but also lose their rights. Therefore, it is necessary to study and clearly adhere to the rules for transporting the ovelaces, which are described in traffic rules.

Sign overall cargo

First of all, the vehicle is noted by a special load "Large load". It is a metal plate on which diagonal white and red lines are applied. The size of the shield - 40x40 cm. Also allowed to use similar size stickers.

The surface of the plate must be reflecting that it was noticeable both in the day and at night.

In addition to this plate, any truck should be marked by the following signs:

• road train;
• large;
• long vehicle.

Set this sign is necessary on those parts of the cargo, which come over the carriageway. Also apply reflectors. In front of them should be white color, in the back - red or orange.

Negabarrit - Transportation of passenger transport

Often you can see how on passenger cars Similar to cargo transportes are transporting oversized cargoes protruding over the carriage part. For drivers passenger cars It is also responsible for violating the rules of transportation, so they should be considered.

Neggabar is considered the following cargo:

• rear or in front performs for more than one meter;
• on the side - by 40 and more centimeters.

If you are dealing with such a type of transport, then you need to use the above plate (sign) and attach it directly to the protruding parts of the oversized cargo. At night, in addition to the sign for oversized cargo, use reflectors - on the front white, the back is red.

It is necessary to place the cargo in such a way that it does not block the driver overview, there was no risk of his scaling, did not harm road covering or auxiliary structures.

Please note that if the cargo comes from behind or in front of more than 2 meters, and the total width exceeds 2.55 meters, then its transportation on passenger transport without a special permission is prohibited. If the inspector stops you, then there is a high probability that the appropriate protocol will be discharged and you will deprive the rights for a period of half a year.

Organization of transportation of bulky cargo

If there is a delivery of massive objects by car, for example, heavy equipment or large agricultural equipment, it is necessary to take care of obtaining permission in the regional branch of the Ministry of Transport.

It will be necessary to provide the following information:

• metric parameters of the equipment transported;
• the route by which the autocolone will move;
• quality certificates and additional documents confirming the characteristics of the cargo: dangerous, large-sized, not representing danger and so on.

For the coordination of routes and to obtain permission, up to 30 days may be required. The Ministry of Translation will analyze the route, and if it turns out that on this highway there are any communications that interfere with the passage (low bridges, overpass, hanging power lines, narrow portions of the road), the route can be revised. A variant is possible that it will be necessary to take advantage of another type of transport, such as rail or sea.

In particular cases, accompaniment can be excreted in the form of several patrol machines with flashing orange flash beacons. They will not give any priority in motion, but they will warn other car owners about a potential threat.

If the autocolonna is moving, consisting of several long-term vehicleThe following requirements must be complied with:

• accompanying cars with flashing beacons in front and rear columns;
• the distance between each unit of transport should ensure safety;
• if dangerous goods are transported, the presence of another additional heavy-load vehicle will be required to shift the load in case of unforeseen situations.

In poor visibility conditions, all TCs must be equipped with warning lamps.

There are such cases when the transportation of oversized can be denied:

• it is possible to transport it in other ways - railway, air or sea transport;
• the load is divisible, that is, it can be disassembled without prejudice;
• 100% security can not be ensured, for example, if the route runs through settlements Or near dangerous areas of the road.

Well, very important moment - Only technically good vehicles are allowed for such work. Therefore, before starting, it is necessary to complete the full diagnostics, eliminate any malfunctions. Drivers also undergo a mandatory medical examination and comply with modes of work and recreation.

Cargo transportation are very developed in our time. Meet the wagon on the track is a given, and not uncommon. There are more and more such cars, and they themselves are becoming more and more. For this reason, we will talk about the maximum length of the road train today, and all that with this question about the dimensions is connected, in addition, they will affect the situation in other countries, as well as the prospects for the development of the sphere.

PDD

The maximum length of the road train according to the current rules is twenty meters (with one trailer). The rules give a clear explanation in length. A single vehicle must not exceed the length of twelve meters, the trailer for vehicles also should not be longer than twelve meters, and the maximum length of the trailer with a trailer, as we have said above, should be no more than twenty meters long.

It is important to say that the length of the road train is turned on and the length (breathing). For example, a long-term truck is ten meters, its trailer also has a length of ten meters, but do not forget that the trailer draws two meters, and the length of the road train will be twenty-two meters, and not twenty meters. In this case, the maximum permissible length of the road train will be exceeded by two meters. This is a violation, it should be considered.

Other dimensions

But no longer than one measured dimensions. The maximum length of the road trip we found out now the time to say about other permissible dimensions. The rules clearly states that in width, the road train should be placed in a magnitude of 2.55 meters equal to 2.55 meters (2.6 meters for refrigerators and isothermal bodies). If we talk about the height, that is, a limit of four meters above the surface of the road surface.

It is allowed in road trains to carry a cargo, which for two or less meters stands for the rear line of the trailer. In addition, a traveler movement with two or more trailers is allowed, but this is governed by separate rules. This is an ambiguous issue, we will be touched below.

Realities

We all know that traffic police officers do not miss the opportunity to communicate with the driver of the road train. Drivers say that there is always something in the auto-trip out something that is a violation.

Although there are such drivers of road trains to which there is simply no option to frit. First of all, traffic police officers are interested in the questions about whether the road train is stacked in the dimensions that operate in the country. This also applies to weight, and length, and everything else. This should be remembered and try not to give a reason to employee traffic police to write a fine for any violations in the legislative base of our country.

Three-bred road trains: history

Three-part road trains have appeared a long time ago, it is believed that for the first time this option was running in Germany. At that time there were no strict and rigid norms that would concern the weight and length of road trains. Then everything was limited to the possibilities of technology.

At the beginning of the sixties of the last century, all Europe took general and familiar norms. But all carriers are very strongly striving for an increase in these existing parameters. This initiative originated in the late eighties of the twentieth century in Germany, then it turned out to run out several three-born road trains on the roads of their country.

Three-walled road trains: USSR and Russia

Old truckers and cinema lovers of the USSR will remember that on the expanses of our country used to skip the road train with more than one trailer in the composition. Two, and then three trailers clinched the activists-chaufferes, which drove grain. And in the city at that time, the conditioned GAZ-53 was traveled, for which whole "beads" were clinging from the barrels with kvass. But after 1996, such automotive trains are no longer found on our roads.

There is a reservation in the law that you can include two or more trailers, if there is a corresponding permission. But if everything was so simple, such automotive would have met on the tracks in our time, and they are not. So, everything is not so simple, and no one has canceled the Russian bureaucracy with collecting references. Probably, the truck driver will be easier to make two flights than to collect all required documents, Unfortunately.

Three-bred road trains: other countries

Today, Holland is considered the most liberal country in Europe in Europe (this country not only in road trains has significant reliefs in legislation). There are five hundred three-born road trains in the country (length is up to twenty-five meters, full mass Sixty tons), mainly here include container transportation.

There are in Europe and Scandinavians, they always had their norms on this. Previously, everything was limited to numbers in twenty meters of length and fifty tons of full mass, then the numbers have grown to twenty-five meters and sixty tons, respectively. Today, the magnitude of the road train in length should not exceed thirty meters, and the road train itself must meet at seventy-six tons of full weight by weight.

It is noteworthy that at the same time the Finnish road train with two trailers went in our country (the route Helsinki - Moscow - Helsinki), this was happening on a special intergovernmental agreement between the two countries.

Today in Finland on the inner roads you can see the road train, which includes two trailers for forty-meters or four trailers for twenty meters. In Sweden went even further. They have an experiment and in it check themselves in the case of a motor insurance with a full weight to ninety tons!

In the US, such transportations are also found, the complexity is that in different states of the United States apply their laws and rules. Michigan stands out against the background of all others. Here you can see on the road the road tray with a complete weight of up to eighty-six tons, but there are many wheel trains in such road trains to reduce the load on the road leaf.

In Canada, Latin America, and even in Africa there are also "three-branches". And in Brazil, you can meet in general a combination that goes beyond reasonable! There are combinations in the country, in which the permitted length of the road train is solid thirty meters, with the total mass of eighty tons!

But that's not all. In this question, Australia turned out to be ahead of the rest. There is a road train, which are limited to one hundred sixty tons! This figure simply amazes the consciousness of our trucker, and in Australia, no one is surprised.

Complexities of Russia

As can be understood from the above, three-star road trains are not rare in the world. What about us? For example, for example, let's say that record road trains go in countries with a favorable climate. Our asphalt and so in a terrible state, and if they put records on the records, he will disappear at all.

Yes, of course, our neighbors from the Scandinavian countries also live in a climate, which is similar to our harsh northern regions, but the maximum permitted length of the road train in those countries is not reduced, but only grows. But there is a drop of sadness in our country. We have no order, we have no roads, and without it anywhere. Let's hope that everything will change for the better.

Roads of Russia

Each motorist is aware that sometimes it is very difficult to overtake the road train on the usual road. And if the maximum length of the road train in Russia will grow? It's easier to overtake not exactly. In the countries of Europe and the West, the highways are wide and at least two stripes for movement in each direction. We have such roads units.

We also have such places on the roads where it will simply fail to maneuver on the tractor, if the maximum length of the road train in Russia will be equal to the same indicator in the West countries. Unfortunately, our infrastructure is not yet ready for such events.

Fleet of Russia

But it is impossible to just scold our government for the fact that our roads are not ready for such that the infrastructure is not ready that the bridges will not withstand and so on. It must be said a little and about us. After all, if something is permitted by the Russian person, he begins to use it without thinking.

Now imagine the situation, as we will be allowed in our country without problems ride on multi-part road trains. And here our fictional trucker-privately will buy yourself an old KAMAZ or MAZ, who gathered in the dawn of the USSR, and will hook a couple of trailers for him, then he will load everything under the eye to do something to put it in normal, and leaves the track. How safe is it safe for the driver and other road users?

The problem must be solved in the complex, and not to show a finger on other countries and say that they can, even if we can also. And the problem is needed for a comprehensive solution to the time. And time, and the tools require colossal.

Toll roads

Perhaps will be a solution. Theoretically powerful reliable paid roads that have several lanes to move into each side and modern well-thought-out infrastructure can be an initial decision for Russia.

Private carriers can start using paid roadsTo get even more profit from your transportation. But we will not forget how difficult it is in our country innovation. Not so long ago it was possible to make sure that the Platon was introduced for heavy trucks. Although there are similar systems in Europe and in the West for a very long time. We also want to get everything in the country immediately and preferably free. It was heard since ancient times and continues to this day.

Lases

On some thematic forums there is the following interesting information, we will analyze it on the example. The maximum permitted length of the road train in our country is regulated. And permission to include two trailers to the composition of the road train is almost unrealistic. But our drivers found some way out.

For the conditional KAMAZ it is impossible to hook two trails, but the same KAMAZ can be towed a broken KAMAZ with a trailer. What is not a long road train, which is stacked in our strange current legislation? Of course, no one claims that traffic police do not guess that you are chick.

Although on these thematic forums, where this information is taken, there are users who say they are quite successfully used by this scheme. Let's hope that this is true, and not their fiction and boasting.

Modular road train of the future

The future is already there. Today, the development of the so-called, modular road train is actively being developed. There are some developments that are already close to tests and introduction into real conditions.

The essence lies in the fact that the driver sits in the first bigges, and behind this bigruz is still, for example, five bigges. These five cars are managed by a computer and automation. They, in fact, copy the behavior and the trajectory of the car with the driver.

In fact, we have six separate heavy trucks that easily fit into any norms and requirements of dimensions and only one driver. Of course, for such purposes, multibose roads are needed, but the idea itself is interesting and attractive.

There are also such developments as the driver will not be required in the first head vehicle. And all this will be extremely safe. This is a big step forward for freight traffic in the world. Let's see how quickly all this is implemented, it will be introduced and takes.

Again, it seems that our country will not become a platform for pilot projects with running such innovative innovations, but to post for this situation, of course, wants to each modern motorist.

Suitable

Today we learned what the maximum length of the road train operates in our country and what are the same indicators in the world. We have where to strive and grow. But it is necessary to clearly understand that today's maximum permitted length of the road train in Russia is not taken from the sky, but is designed for our realities. I would like to believe that we will catch up in this area leading world countries in the very near future and not only to overtake, and even go ahead.

When moving in roads, it is necessary to take into account the allowed cargo dimensions for transportation by road. This is one of the factors that ensure road safety for all its participants, as well as a guarantee of successful transportation of moved objects, goods, substances. In addition, the limitation of the dimension and weight of cargo is an important tool for influence on competition. Therefore, these norms are clearly regulated and require mandatory compliance.

What is the overall cargo?

The overall is the load with dimensions that do not exceed the norms acting for the car. That is, transported equivalent to the vehicle itself. Maximum dimensions for the carriage of goods by road are installed traffic rules and other regulatory acts.

Automotive standards in the European Union

In European countries, the norms regarding the dimensions of transportation by road defines the Directive 96/53, namely, its application. According to this document, such restrictions are introduced:

• the total length from the rear bumper to the front: a solid truck - 12 m, the road train - 18.75;
• body width: Isothermal vans - 2.6 m, total - 2.55 m;
• a permissible cargo height for transportation by road - up to 4 m;
• weight for cars: two-axis - 18 tons, three-axle - 24 tons, five-, six-axle - 40 tons.

In Russia

According to current standards, the road haulage is carried out by road with the parameters that are listed below.

Last weight

For single cars, depending on the number of axes, such restrictions are taken:

• two axes - 18 tons;
• three axes - 25 tons;
• four axes - 32 tons;
• five axes - 35 tons.

For saddle semi-trailers, as well as trailed road trains, the following weight requirements have been introduced:

• three axes - 28 tons;
• four axes - 36 tons;
• five axes - 40 tons;
• six axes and more - 44 tons.

Limit dimensions

Restrictions and relatively permissible cargo dimensions for transportation by trucks are established:

• the distance between the front and rear bumpers: for a car train - 12 m, for a single vehicle and trailer - 12 m;
• body width: Total - 2.55, isothermal vans - 2.6 m;
• maximum cargo height for transportation by road - up to 4 m.

Based on the established rules, maximum parameters Truck, which has the right to move freely on the road, make up: height - 4 meters, length - 20 meters, weight - 40 tons.

Limitations on traffic rules

Norms PDD Provide that the mass of the transported should not exceed the indicators that laid the manufacturer when developing a vehicle. In addition, there are other rules regarding dimensions road transport:

• it is forbidden to carry items protruding beyond the bodies of TCs more than 1 m from behind or in front, and 0.4 m on the sides;
• the moved should not close the road overview, influence the readability of registration signs, headlights, interfere with the perception of signs that the driver gives his hand;
• the load is securely secured to eliminate its fall, especially if we are talking about plywood sheets, fiberboard, other similar objects, since they enhance aerodynamic resistance;
• if the route is long, regardless of the dimensions of the cargo for transportation, the road road periodically stop and check the reliability of the attachment;
• a loaded car or what he transports should not cause dustiness, noise or pollute the environment;
• the stability of the car due to the objects placed on it should not be violated.

If the maximum cargo dimensions allowed for transportation by road are exceeded, the driver sets the signs that are notifying that the cargo is large, and is making other measures that indicate legislative acts to eliminate the likelihood of an emergency on the road.

How to "hide" too much?

When transporting great importance, which transport is used for this. And if you choose the right car, you can easily move from the initial point to the final without the delivery of the cargo to the category of oversized.

For example, it is necessary to carry a container with a height of 3.1 m. At the same time, the allowable cargo dimensions to the height for transportation by motor vehicles are 4 meters. If used container ship or side trailer Type "Shalanda", then the height of the subject to deliver, more. However, if the carrier immerses it to low-handed trawl, then the container will "fit" in the established norms and will be considered overall. This affects the cost of transportation, since in the second case, it is not necessary to make a special permit, use covers for the transport of large-sized cargo.

A similar solution is offered for the transportation of horizontal cargo, which go beyond the term "dimensional". For example, a 16 m long container on the standard declaration is not placed, and then a sliding semi-trailer is used. It helps "hide" extra meters.

For transportation of passenger and private cars

Rules O. overall dimensions cargo allowed for transportation by road extended not only to profile companies and entrepreneurs providing services in this area. They must be observed and the owners of individual passenger vehicles, which is used for their own purposes.

Special rules have special rules for transportation of oversized sizes. Ignoring the requirements relative to the maximum permissible value of the items transported is punishable by the imposition of a fine and the use of other sanctions. Motor transport companies and private carriers should understand that if the dimensions exceed the established norms, the transporter together with the cargo may fall on the arrest platform, and a fine will be imposed on the responsible individuals.

Transportation of goods on the territory of the Russian Federation is regulated by Chapter No. 23 of the Rules of Road. Transportation of oversized objects is additionally regulated by a number of federal laws and orders. Consider how unscrewing cargo should be transported, the rules of movement and the requirements for the transport facility.

Regulatory documents

As you can see, only the small proportion of aspects of transportation of oversized are covered by the rules of the road. The basic regulation of the transportation of oversized cargo on the roads of the Russian Federation is carried out by Federal Law No. 237-FZ. In chapter 5 of Article 31, you can find the following items:

• transportation of large and heavy cargoes requires a special permission;
• the procedure for obtaining specials is established by the Government of the Russian Federation;
• before transporting, be sure to match the route with the owner of the roads;
• when damage, the amount of compensation is calculated by the owner of the road.

Based on the rights listed in the above mentioned regulatory act, "Rules for the carriage of goods by road were compiled." In this document, you can find regulations regarding the procedure for organizing transportation, ensuring the safety of vehicles and containers, if there is a need, the conditions for transportation and the provision of TC for transportation.

Related orders and regulations

In order to ensure that it is guaranteed to protect yourself from problems when making an application for a special degree and directly during the transport of oversized cargo, we recommend familiarizing yourself with the following orders:

• №107: It is a regulation for government agencies to design permits;
• №258: regulates the rules for issuing permits;
• №7: Sets the rules to ensure safety during the transport of oversized.

Resolutions:

• №125: the procedure for scigraite control;
• №934 + №12: The procedure for compensation for the damage to the road;
• №125: Rules of passage of weight control;
• №211: Sets the rules for entering the ban on freight transportation.

Penalty and punishment

To familiarize yourself with the size of penalties, relying on violations of the rules for transporting oversized cargo, read Article 12.21.1 of the Codecha of the Russian Federation. There you will find out who exactly should be punished for violations. For example, for the lack of a special degree, the driver can get a penalty of 2 thousand rubles., But, even worse, he can lose a driver's license for a period of half a year.

Which cargo is considered oversized

The cargo is considered oversized if its weight or / and size exceeds the value established by the PDD of a particular country as permissible during transportation. According to traffic rules Russian Federation, oversized is the cargo that:

PDD about transportation

Point 23.5 PDD states that cars transporting such goods must be marked by the "Large load" sign. Optional B. dark time Day (reminds that one is considered to be time from the evening twilight before the start of twilight in the morning) and in conditions of poor visibility in the nose of the car there should be a reflective element or a white light flashlight, in the feed part - a reflective element or a light source of sufficient red power. This is quite enough to move on public roads.

Special requirements

Transportation of explosive, chemical or other dangerous cargoLong objects or heavy cargo is governed by special standards established by the relevant government agencies. Special rules should be followed when the vehicle is moved (with a load or without), if:

Heavyweights

Also, the special permission of the traffic police is required when transporting heavy cargo. The value of the car and the transmitted object has a value. Specific values \u200b\u200bB. different countries may differ that it is necessary to consider with the intention to cross the border. Under the definition of "heavy" in the Russian Federation fall:

Also, do not forget about the strict requirements for the load distribution over the axes. Not only the distance between the front axles, but also the regulatory loads of highways. When designing, construction and reconstruction of the road canvase, a permissible axial load is laid, for example, 6, 10 or 11.5 tons. That is why transportation can be held not through the shortest route, but with a choice of roads with a suitable class of permissible load.

Signs

A sign used to designate oversized cargoes:

Sign "Motor Train Long
Long vehicle.

When transporting dangerous goods, the car must be marked:

Car cover

Earlier, if the length of the labored TC was more than 24 m, but less than 30 m, and the width is more than 3.5 m, but less than 4 m, then the proper conditions for transportation could be created transport company without the participation of traffic police representatives. But since 2014, when transporting heavy and oversized cargo to ensure safety, it is necessary to use a cover of cover. Requirements for the accompanying car:

• the presence of a yellow-orange strip;
• the presence of flashlight beacons of yellow and orange color;
• a reflective or light scoreboard must be installed, which will be the inscription, warning about the features of the cargo (for example, "big length").

Check out abroad and interregional transportation

If you intend to cross the border, consider that the car without a special international permission will be detained.

When the route passes along two or more territorial units of the Upper Level of the Russian Federation, an interregional permission should be obtained. As in the case of an international special degree, it is possible to apply for receipt through the site "State Service". Fill out a statement with a personal visit in the Office of the Directory Management of the Russian Federation or in subsidiaries.

How to get permission

Obtaining permission to transport oversized cargo regulates the so-called Order of 258. It is in this documents that you can find out:

• receiving parameters and refusal conditions for submission of the application;
• full description of the procedure for drawing up and submitting an application;
• how should the document look like and what information in it should be specified;
• subtlety when coordinating the transport of heavy objects;
• deadlines for obtaining permission;
• the procedure for issuing a special degree or obtaining refusal.

Ban for transportation

Consider in what cases the transportation of oversized is prohibited:

• the cargo prevents the control of the car;
• with cargo car becomes unstable. To prevent tipping a truck, it is necessary to take into account seasonal features and risk of exposure to squall winds;
• due to the size of the object, the driver's review is limited, as a result of which it cannot adequately assess the road situation;
• the load closes the lighting devices, reflectors, identification signs, state license plate;
• during transportation, pollution occurs ambient.

Transportation rules

Car S. oversized cargomoving along the roads should not accelerate more than 60 km / h. At the same time, bridges should be overcome at no more than 15 km / h. Special attention should be given technical state vehicle. The trailer must be equipped not only in good condition parking brake, but also a special device that guarantees the trailer stop when the pneumatic airways break brake system, coming from the tractor. The load must be securely fixed, the integrity of the attachment must be periodically verified.

The overall dimensions of trucks are established according to the adopted international standards and regulations of individual countries. Regulation is intended primarily to ensure the safety of motor vehicles, the safety of cargo transported and environmental regulations. The EU has a simplified system of national rules, the purpose of which is to create equal conditions and facilitating the transportation process between the Member States of the European Union. In the nearby past, these rules were also needed to prevent the inconsistency of the size of the transported goods, which, after vehicles, are transmitted for transportation on railway.
In the EU Council Directive 96/53 / EU of July 25, 1996, standardized dimensions and maximum weight for transboundary cargo transport. Their observance is always at least in the territory of the European Union. Each member state may in its national legislation (for example, in Germany, these rules of the road traffic) may slightly modify the established limitations.

International Classification of Trucks (PBX)

		Full weight (tons)	Notes
			Trucks, special cars
	PBX with a motor intended for the carriage of goods	Over 3.5 to 12.0
	PBX with a motor intended for the carriage of goods		Trucks, Cars Tractors, Special Cars
	PBX without driver		Trailers and semi-trailers
	PBX without driver	Over 0.75 to 3.5	Trailers and semi-trailers
	PBX without driver	Over 3.5 to 10.0	Trailers and semi-trailers
	PBX without driver		Trailers and semi-trailers

Currently in Russia Transportation of heavy and large-sized goods are regulated:

• decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 N 272. In Annex 2, there are no differences for single-table or double-screw wheels.
• decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 9, 2014 No. 12, take effect january 1, 2015 of the year.

18.75 M.

24.0 tons

10.0 tons

11.5 tons

40.0 tons

Permissible size of trucks in Europe

dimensions (meter)

Width (standard truck)

Width (refrigerator)

Length truck

Length trailer

Length of the saddle road

Length of the road train

Length of a three-axle bus

Length articulated bus

Maximum weight of trucks in Europe. Loads on the axis of trucks in Europe

maximum weight for axes (tons)

Not a presenter

Leading axis

Double trolley

Triple truck

common weight single truck (tons)

Two-axis truck

Three-axle truck

Four-axle truck

total weight trailer (tons)

Two-axis trailer

Three-axle trailer

total weight trailers (tons)

Three-axle saddled road train

Four-axle saddled road train

Five-axle saddle trave train

Six-axle saddle road train

Four-axle road train

Five-axle road train

Six kinds of road

Three-axle bus

The permissible mass of the road train in Russia. Maximum load on the axis in Russia.

Appendix No. 2.
To the rules of cargo transportation by road (as amended by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 12 of January 9, 2014)

Permissible axial vehicle loads

	Distance between the front axles (meters)	Permissible axial loads of wheel vehicles depending on the regulatory (calculated) axial load (tons) and the number of wheels on the axis
		for roads designed for an axial load of 6 tons / axis ( * )	for roads designed for axial load 10 tons / axis	for roads designed for axial load 11.5 tons / axis
Single axis
Dual axes of trailers, semi-trailers, trucks, car tractor, truck tractors with a distance between the axes (the load on the cart, the sum of the axial mass)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 or more
Stored axis of trailers, semi-trailers, trucks, car tractors, truck tractors with a distance between the axes (the load on the trolley, the amount of the axial mass)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	up to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)		21 (22,5 ** )
	from 1.8 or more
Frightened axles of trucks, car tractors, saddle tractors, trailers and semi-trailers with the number of axes more than three when the axes (load on one axis)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 or more
Frightened axles of vehicles having on each axis of eight and more wheels (load on one axis)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 or more

(* ) In case of establishing the owner car expensive The corresponding road signs and placement on its official website of information on the vehicle is permissible for the automotive road.
(** ) For vehicles with single-chain wheels equipped with a pneumatic and equivalent suspension.

Notes:

1. In brackets are values \u200b\u200bfor double-tie wheels, outside brackets - for single-handed.
2. The axis with single-table and double-circuit wheels combined into a group of retarded axes should be viewed as an epipped axis with single-handed wheels, with the exception of a two-axle trolley with an unloaded axis.
3. For dual and built axes, structurally combined into a common trolley, the allowable axial load is determined by dividing the total load on the trolley to the appropriate number of axes.
4. A permissible axial load for a two-axis trolley with an unloaded axis is taken equal to a ratio of 60 percent of the permissible load on a two-axis truck for the drive axis and 40% for an unloaded axis.

European norms of toxicity exhaust gases of diesel engines of trucks

Requirements of the UN General Assembly in terms of pollutant emissions for heavy trucks equipped with diesel engine, g / (kv. h)
On each cargo car must be affixed with the marking in accordance with its standard. Latin alphabet letters are used to designate.

Standard (year)	Carbon oxide - with	Hydrocarbons - NS.	Nitrogen oxide - N0x		Smoke - smoke
Euro-0 (1988)
Euro-1 (1992)
Euro-2 (1996)
Euro-3 (2000)
Euro-4 (2005)
Euro-5 (2008)
Euro-6 (2013)

The vehicle that meets the relevant requirements is indicated by the letter placed on the cabin or bumper truck:

• U - "Umwelt" ("Nature"), EURO-1 standard,
• E - "Green Lorry" ("Green Truck"). The concept of "Green Lorry" includes the following requirements: EURO-2 pollutant emission standards, noise norms - 78-80 dBA. On such a truck, the certificate of conformity is filled and installed a table of U or E
• S - "SUPERGREEN" ("Very green"), EURO-2 standard
• G - "Greener and Safe Lorry" ("Schestant and" Green "truck")
• L - "LARMARM KRAFTFAHZEUGE" (tractor with low level Noise) in Austria From December 1, 1989, a truck moving at night (from 22:00 to 5:00) on the territory of Avustia, must comply with these noise standards.

Since 2001, another definition motor vehicle - Euro-3 safe, it has been operating since 2002. Such a truck must comply with the exhaust "Euro-3" standards, and on the noise of the usual 78-80 dBA. Then hanging green sign with white edging and 3 white color.
For machines that correspond to "Euro-4" and "Euro-5" signs of green with white edging and numbers 4 and 5.

All of the above signs must necessarily confirm the manufacturer's certificate and be on board the car.

Changes to the Federal Law of July 13, 2015 No. 248-ФЗ regulating the movement of heavy and large-sized vehicles.

In the federal law "On roads and road activities in the Russian Federation and on amending the individual legislative acts of the Russian Federation", the concepts of "heavy cargo" and "large-sized goods" are replaced with the concepts of "heavy vehicle" and "large-sized vehicle", respectively.
Federal law introduces a ban on road traffic on roads of heavy vehicles and large-sized vehicles engaged in the transport of goods that are not indivisible, except for carrying out the movement on the basis of special permits of large vehicles, the dimensions of which are not more than 2 percent exceeding the permissible.
The federal law is improved by the procedure for implementing procedures related to the issuance of a special permit to move on roads of heavy and (or) large vehicles, as well as a vehicle transporting dangerous goods.
The right to issue a special permit to move on road roads vehicle transporting dangerous goods is consolidated for Rostransnadzor of Russia.
It is established that the relevant authorized bodies can issue special permits to move on roads of heavy and (or) large-sized vehicles through the subordinate organizations authorized by them.
In addition, the federal law provides for the possibility of movement on heavy vehicles, the mass of which with a load or without cargo and (or) the load on the axis of which is not more than 2 percent exceeds the permissible mass of the vehicle and (or) the permissible axis load, without Special permits.
If the load on the axis of the heavyweight vehicle exceeds the permissible load on the vehicle axis by more than 2 percent, but no more than 10 percent, special permission is issued in a simplified manner.
The federal law also establishes that a special permit is issued within a period of no more than one day from the date of confirmation of the fee in the account of compensation for harm caused by the heavy vehicle.
For violation of the established deadlines for the coordination of the routes of heavy vehicle and (or) a large vehicle or a deadline for issuing a special permit or unreasonable refusal to coordinate such routes, as well as violating the rules of movement of heavy and (or) large vehicles, the Federal Law provides for administrative responsibility. .

Excursion to the history of the formation of restrictions on the size of trucks

Basic regulatory documents Regarding restrictions on the size of trucks in Europe is the EU Council Directive No. 96/53 / EU. The first states of the old light that changed the permissible length and mass of road trains to 25.25 m and 60 tons were Sweden and Finland. These countries are allowed to operate two types of road trains: formed from a three-axis tractor and a 5-axis trailer, made on the basis of a serial 3-axis semi-trailer with a 2-axle-axis trolley and a saddle-trailers (SPA), where 2-axis trails to the serial semi-trailer Trailer, usually with the central axis.
On domestic roads of the reply of new samples have appeared quite a long time. They run between the cities of Sweden, Finland and St. Petersburg, Moscow. In international transport, these vehicles should also appear, but the legislation of the European countries (with the exception of Sweden and Finland) is not so good enough to change the limitations on the dimensions of the freight cars. Similar situation in the CIS countries. The useful volume of such road trains reaches 160 cubic meters.
Scandinavian states did not immediately come to the length of road trains of 25.5 meters. At first they managed to resolve trucks in a length of 24 meters. Standards defining permissible norms There are no mass of trucks and car tractors in the post-Soviet space now. The only suitable GOST was canceled more than 25 years ago. On it, the total mass of a 5-axis saddle or single-pace traveler should not exceed 40 tons, length of 20 meters, and with two trailers - 24 meters.
Experts consider the contradictory and rampant "Agreement on the masses and dimensions of vehicles carrying out interstate transportation on the roads of the CIS countries", which entered into force on 4 June 1999. The maximum permissible mass of the road train on this "agreement" should be 44 tons. Even in North American countries, where the most rigid norms in the world in terms of axial loads and masses of road trains are operating, this indicator is 48 tons. A similar situation with a 6-axis travelery, the mass of which should not exceed 38 tons. At the same time, in the European Union, according to EU Directive No. 96/53, the permissible mass of the road train is 44 tons.
The most liberal attitude to the size of trucks in China. There are no restrictions there only on paper. According to the documents, the norms similar to the EU Directive No. 96/53 / EU are regulated, but "Monsters" of huge sizes are found on the roads.
IN North America The length of the semi-trailer should not exceed 16.15 m, and the width is 2.6 m. In Europe, similar restrictions are stricter: the length is 13.6 m, the width is 2.6 m. Due to such disagreements regarding the permissible standards, the transportation process is complicated. cargo containers. So 45, 48 and 53 feet containers in Europe are not found at all, although in the United States and Canada are everywhere exploited.

What is a road train?

The road train is considered a car with an arbitrary number of trailers or vehicle tractor.
A feature of such a vehicle is the presence of a towing device. The use of road trains increases the use of the power potential of cars, reduces the cost of transportation, increases performance, reduces the need for drivers, reduces the fuel consumption of 1 tons of cargo transported by increasing the maximum allowable amount of cargo, which can be transported with one cargo vehicle.

Classification of trucks for appointment

All trucks can be divided into the following popular categories of body type:

• Tents, semi-trailers - most often found type of trucks. Used to transport any cargo. Body loading is carried out on either side, which significantly simplifies this process. The average carrying capacity varies from 20 to 25 tons;
• Refrigerators, semi-trailers are semi-trailers that are equipped with refrigeration facilities needed for transporting perishable products. Temperature in the refrigerator: from +25 to -25. The average carrying capacity of such types of trucks is 12-20 tons;
• AvtoCut It is a car and a trailer to it. They are very convenient in terms of loading / unloading. You can carry practical any cargoes, except for long, as well as requiring special conditions. Capacity: from 16 to 25 tons;
• Jumbo. - These are high capacity trailers. The floor of the trailer is made in the form of the letter "g", as well as reduced the diameter of the wheels, the additional space is counsed. The average carrying capacity of such trailers is up to 20 tons;
• Container ship - vehicle used to transport containers;
• Tanker - vehicle used for transportation of liquid and bulk cargo;
• Avtovo. - vehicle used to transport cars;
• Grain - vehicle used to transport grain;
• Dump truck - Vehicle used to transport bulk cargo.

Terms used in transport documents

• "Freight car" - Vehicle equipped with a mechanical drive. Operated to transport cargo for roads;
• "Vehicle" - the device for which the load or passengers is installed for transportation by road;
• "Motor Train" - a combined vehicle consisting of truck and the trailer (trailer road trip), tractor and semi-trailer (saddle trading);
• "Tractor" - Vehicle equipped with own engine and intended solely or mainly for towing a trailer or semi-trailer;
• "Combined vehicle" - combination of car and trailer (semi-trailer);
• "Full trailer" A trailer with a breath is a towed vehicle having at least two axes, of which at least one axis is controlled and, moreover:
  - equipped with a towing device (breathing), which has the ability to vertical with respect to the tractor of movement;
  - not transmitting to the tractor any significant vertical load (no more than 100 DAN).
  When the semi-trailer is connected to the semi-trailer support truck, it is considered a complete trailer;
• "Semitrailer" - towed vehicle, which is intended for connecting to saddle tractor (or with a supporting trolley of the semi-trailer) and transmits a significant vertical load on the tractor knob (or on the base truck;
• "Opported semi-trailer trolley"- trailer with a central axis equipped with a saddle coupling device.
• "Maximum vehicle length" - the length of the vehicle that does not exceed the established valid values \u200b\u200b(for each country's country);
• "Maximum vehicle width" - Width of a vehicle that does not exceed the established permissible values \u200b\u200b(for each country);
• "Maximum vehicle height" - the height of the vehicle that does not exceed the established permissible values \u200b\u200b(for each country's country);
• "Maximum mass of vehicle" - the mass of vehicle with a load or without it, which does not exceed the established valid values \u200b\u200b(for each country's country);
• "Maximum axial mass» - Mass transmitted through the vehicle axis to the surface of the road, which does not exceed the established valid values \u200b\u200b(for each country's country);
• "Vehicle mass in a curb state" - Mass of an empty vehicle with a body and a coupling device in the case of a buse-tractor or a crash mass with a cabin if the manufacturer does not install the body and / or a coupling device. This mass includes the mass of coolant, oils, not less than 90% of fuel, 100% of other liquids (with the exception of used water), tools, driver (75 kg), as well as a spare wheel.
• "Technically permissible maximum mass vehicle" - The maximum mass of the vehicle due to its design and the specified characteristics set by the vehicle manufacturer.
• "Immovable cargo" - the cargo, which is impossible to divide during the transport due to the risk of its damage or high spending time and means;
• "Air suspension" - the suspension system in which the shock absorbing element is air, providing at least 75% of the shock absorbing effect;

Forwarder or carrier? Three Secret and International Cargo Transport

Forwarder or carrier: who may prefer? If the carrier is good, and the freight forwarder is bad, then the first. If the carrier is bad, and the freight forwarder is good, then the second. Such a choice is simple. But how to decide when they are good for both applicants? How to choose from two seemingly equivalent options? The fact is that these options are not equal.

Scary Stories of International Transportation

Between the hammer and anvil.

It is not easy to live between the customer of carriage and a very cunning-economical owner of the cargo. Once we received an order. Freight for three kopecks, additional conditions for two sheets, the collection is called .... on Wednesday Loading. The car on the spot is already on Tuesday, and to the aftermath of the next day, the warehouse begins to slowly throw everything into the trailer, which collected your forwarder addressed to his recipient customers.

Enchanted place - PTO Kozlovichi.

According to the legends and on experience, all who drove the goods from Europe by road, know how terrible place is PTO Kozlovichi, Brest customs. Which lawlessness is creating Belarusian customs officers, they come rapidly and derut Schurdogoga. And it is true. But not all ....

As for the new year we were drunk dry milk.

Loading by combined cargo on consolidation warehouse in Germany. One cargo is a dry milk from Italy, the delivery of which I ordered the forwarder .... The classic example of the operation forwarder is "transmitter" (it does not delve into anything, only transmits on a chain).

Documents for international transport

International cargo transportation of goods is very durable and oburified, a consequence - a lot of unified documents are used to implement international road transport of goods. It does not matter customer carrier or ordinary - it will not go without documents. Although it is not very exciting, but we tried to mention the appointment of these documents and the meaning they have. Lid an example of filling TIR, CMR, T1, EX1, INVOICE, Packing List ...

Calculation of the load on the axis for truck trucks

The goal is to study the possibility of redistribution of loads on the axis of the tractor and semi-trailer when changing the location of the cargo in the semi-trailer. And the use of this knowledge in practice.

In the system under consideration, there are 3 objects: $ (T) $ tractor (T) $, semi-trailer (\\ Large ((p.p.))) $ and cargo $ (\\ LARGE (GR)) $. All variables related to each of these objects will be marked with an upper index $ T $, $ (\\ large (p.p.)) $ and $ (\\ large (GR)) $, respectively. For example, the tractor's own mass will be designated as $ m ^ (t) $.

Why don't you eat amansor? Custom exhaled sadness.

What is happening in the international road transport market? The Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation has forbidden to execute TIR books without additional guarantees of several federal Districts. And he notified that from December 1 of the current year, the agreement with the IRU as inappropriate the requirements of the Customs Union and puts forward non-deal financial claims.
IRU In response: "The explanations of the FCS of Russia regarding allegedly available at Asmap of debt in the amount of 20 billion rubles are a complete fiction, since all the old TIR claims were fully resolved ..... What do we think simple carriers?

STOWAGE FACTOR Weight and volume of cargo when calculating the cost of transportation

Calculation of the cost of transportation depends on weight and volume of cargo. For maritime transport, the volume is most often crucial for air - weight. For road transport, the value plays a comprehensive indicator. What parameter for calculations will be selected in one case - depends on specific weight (Stowage Factor) .