dimensions trucks Installed in accordance with the adopted international standards and regulations of individual countries. Regulation is intended primarily to ensure the safety of motor vehicles, the safety of cargo transported and environmental regulations. The EU has a simplified system of national rules, the purpose of which is to create equal conditions and facilitating the transportation process between the Member States of the European Union. In the nearby past, these rules were also needed to prevent the inconsistency of the size of the transported goods, which, after vehicles, are transmitted for transportation on railway.
In the EU Council Directive 96/53 / EU of July 25, 1996, standardized dimensions and maximum weight for transboundary cargo transport. Their observance is always at least in the territory of the European Union. Each member state may in its national legislation (for example, in Germany this rules road) may be slightly modified established limitations.

International Classification of Trucks (PBX)

		Full mass (tons)	Notes
			Trucks, special cars
	PBX with a motor intended for the carriage of goods	Over 3.5 to 12.0
	PBX with a motor intended for the carriage of goods		Trucks, Cars Tractors, Special Cars
	PBX without driver		Trailers and semi-trailers
	PBX without driver	Over 0.75 to 3.5	Trailers and semi-trailers
	PBX without driver	Over 3.5 to 10.0	Trailers and semi-trailers
	PBX without driver		Trailers and semi-trailers

Currently in Russia Transportation of heavy and large-sized goods are regulated:

• decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 N 272. In Annex 2, there are no differences for single-table or double-screw wheels.
• decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 9, 2014 No. 12, take effect january 1, 2015 of the year.

18.75 M.

24.0 tons

10.0 tons

11.5 tons

40.0 tons

Permissible size of trucks in Europe

dimensions (meter)

Width (standard truck)

Width (refrigerator)

Length truck

Length trailer

Length of the saddle road

Length of the road train

Length of a three-axle bus

Length articulated bus

Maximum weight of trucks in Europe. Loads on the axis of trucks in Europe

maximum weight for axes (tons)

Not a presenter

Leading axis

Double trolley

Triple truck

common weight single truck (tons)

Two-axis truck

Three-axle truck

Four-axle truck

total weight trailer (tons)

Two-axis trailer

Three-axle trailer

total weight trailers (tons)

Three-axle saddled road train

Four-axle saddled road train

Five-axle saddle trave train

Six-axle saddle road train

Four-axle road train

Five-axle road train

Six kinds of road

Three-axle bus

The permissible mass of the road train in Russia. Maximum load on the axis in Russia.

Appendix No. 2.
to the rules of cargo transportation by car (as amended by the Government Decree Russian Federation №12 dated January 9, 2014)

Permissible axial vehicle loads

	Distance between the front axles (meters)	Permissible axial loads of wheeled vehicle Depending on the regulatory (calculated) axial load (tons) and the number of wheels on the axis
		for roads designed for an axial load of 6 tons / axis ( * )	for roads designed for axial load 10 tons / axis	for roads designed for axial load 11.5 tons / axis
Single axis
Dual axes of trailers, semi-trailers, trucks, car tractor, truck tractors with a distance between the axes (the load on the cart, the sum of the axial mass)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 or more
Stored axis of trailers, semi-trailers, trucks, car tractors, truck tractors with a distance between the axes (the load on the trolley, the amount of the axial mass)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	up to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)		21 (22,5 ** )
	from 1.8 or more
Frightened axles of trucks, car tractors, saddle tractors, trailers and semi-trailers with the number of axes more than three when the axes (load on one axis)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 or more
Frightened axles of vehicles having on each axis of eight and more wheels (load on one axis)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 or more

(* ) In the case of the establishment by the owner of the automotive road of the respective road signs and placement on its official website about the vehicle permissible for the automotive road.
(** ) For vehicles with single-chain wheels equipped with a pneumatic and equivalent suspension.

Notes:

1. In brackets are values \u200b\u200bfor double-tie wheels, outside brackets - for single-handed.
2. The axis with single-table and double-circuit wheels combined into a group of retarded axes should be viewed as an epipped axis with single-handed wheels, with the exception of a two-axle trolley with an unloaded axis.
3. For dual and built axes, structurally combined into a common trolley, the allowable axial load is determined by dividing the total load on the trolley to the appropriate number of axes.
4. A permissible axial load for a two-axis trolley with an unloaded axis is taken equal to a ratio of 60 percent of the permissible load on a two-axis truck for the drive axis and 40% for an unloaded axis.

European norms of toxicity exhaust gases of diesel engines of trucks

Requirements of the UN General Assembly in terms of pollutant emissions for heavy trucks equipped with diesel engine, g / (kv. h)
On each cargo car must be affixed with the marking in accordance with its standard. Latin alphabet letters are used to designate.

Standard (year)	Carbon oxide - with	Hydrocarbons - NS.	Nitrogen oxide - N0x		Smoke - smoke
Euro-0 (1988)
Euro-1 (1992)
Euro-2 (1996)
Euro-3 (2000)
Euro-4 (2005)
Euro-5 (2008)
Euro-6 (2013)

The vehicle that meets the relevant requirements is indicated by the letter placed on the cabin or bumper truck:

• U - "Umwelt" ("Nature"), EURO-1 standard,
• E - "Green Lorry" ("Green Truck"). The concept of "Green Lorry" includes the following requirements: EURO-2 pollutant emission standards, noise norms - 78-80 dBA. On such a truck, the certificate of conformity is filled and installed a table of U or E
• S - "SUPERGREEN" ("Very green"), EURO-2 standard
• G - "Greener and Safe Lorry" ("Schestant and" Green "truck")
• L - "LARMARM KRAFTFAHZEUGE" (tractor with low level Noise) in Austria From December 1, 1989, a truck moving at night (from 22:00 to 5:00) on the territory of Avustia, must comply with these noise standards.

Since 2001, another definition motor vehicle - Euro-3 safe, it has been operating since 2002. Such a truck must comply with the exhaust "Euro-3" standards, and on the noise of the usual 78-80 dBA. Then hanging green sign with white edging and digit 3 white color.
For machines that correspond to "Euro-4" and "Euro-5" signs of green with white edging and numbers 4 and 5.

All of the above signs must necessarily confirm the manufacturer's certificate and be on board the car.

Changes to the Federal Law of July 13, 2015 No. 248-ФЗ regulating the movement of heavy and large-sized vehicles.

In the Federal Law "On road road and on road activities in the Russian Federation and on amending the individual legislative acts of the Russian Federation "the concept" heavy cargo "and" large-sized goods "are replaced with the concepts of" heavy vehicle "and" large-sized vehicle ", respectively.
Federal law introduces a ban on road traffic on roads of heavy vehicles and large-sized vehicles engaged in the transport of goods that are not indivisible, except for carrying out the movement on the basis of special permits of large vehicles, the dimensions of which are not more than 2 percent exceeding the permissible.
The federal law is improved by the procedure for implementing procedures related to the issuance of a special permit to move on roads of heavy and (or) large vehicles, as well as a vehicle transporting dangerous goods.
The right to issue a special permit to move on road roads vehicle transporting dangerous goods is consolidated for Rostransnadzor of Russia.
It is established that the relevant authorized bodies can issue special permits to move on roads of heavy and (or) large-sized vehicles through the subordinate organizations authorized by them.
In addition, the federal law provides for the possibility of movement on heavy vehicles, the mass of which with a load or without cargo and (or) the load on the axis of which is not more than 2 percent exceeds the permissible mass of the vehicle and (or) the permissible axis load, without Special permits.
If the load on the axis of the heavyweight vehicle exceeds the permissible load on the vehicle axis by more than 2 percent, but no more than 10 percent, special permission is issued in a simplified manner.
The federal law also establishes that a special permit is issued within a period of no more than one day from the date of confirmation of the fee in the account of compensation for harm caused by the heavy vehicle.
For violation of the established deadlines for the coordination of the routes of heavy vehicle and (or) a large vehicle or a deadline for issuing a special permit or unreasonable refusal to coordinate such routes, as well as violating the rules of movement of heavy and (or) large vehicles, the Federal Law provides for administrative responsibility. .

Excursion to the history of the formation of restrictions on the size of trucks

Basic regulatory documents Regarding restrictions on the size of trucks in Europe is the EU Council Directive No. 96/53 / EU. The first states of the old world changed permissible length And the mass of road trains to 25.25 m and 60 tons were Sweden and Finland. These countries are allowed to operate two types of road trains: formed from a three-axis tractor and a 5-axis trailer, made on the basis of a serial 3-axis semi-trailer with a 2-axle-axis trolley and a saddle-trailers (SPA), where 2-axis trails to the serial semi-trailer Trailer, usually with the central axis.
On domestic roads of the reply of new samples have appeared quite a long time. They run between the cities of Sweden, Finland and St. Petersburg, Moscow. In international transport, these vehicles should also appear, but the legislation of the European countries (with the exception of Sweden and Finland) is not so good enough to change the limitations on the dimensions of the freight cars. Similar situation in the CIS countries. The useful volume of such road trains reaches 160 cubic meters.
Scandinavian states did not immediately come to the length of road trains of 25.5 meters. At first they managed to resolve trucks in a length of 24 meters. Standards defining permissible norms There are no mass of trucks and car tractors in the post-Soviet space now. The only suitable GOST was canceled more than 25 years ago. On it, the total mass of a 5-axis saddle or single-pace traveler should not exceed 40 tons, length of 20 meters, and with two trailers - 24 meters.
Experts consider the contradictory and rampant "Agreement on the masses and dimensions of vehicles carrying out interstate transportation on the roads of the CIS countries", which entered into force on 4 June 1999. The maximum permissible mass of the road train on this "agreement" should be 44 tons. Even in North American countries, where the most rigid norms in the world in terms of axial loads and masses of road trains are operating, this indicator is 48 tons. A similar situation with a 6-axis travelery, the mass of which should not exceed 38 tons. At the same time, in the European Union, according to EU Directive No. 96/53, the permissible mass of the road train is 44 tons.
The most liberal attitude to the size of trucks in China. There are no restrictions there only on paper. According to the documents, the norms similar to the EU Directive No. 96/53 / EU are regulated, but "Monsters" of huge sizes are found on the roads.
In North America, the semi-trailer length should not exceed 16.15 m, and the width is 2.6 m. In Europe, similar restrictions are stricter: the length is 13.6 m, the width is 2.6 m. Due to such disagreements regarding the permissible standards Complicated process of cargo transportation containers. So 45, 48 and 53 feet containers in Europe are not found at all, although in the United States and Canada are everywhere exploited.

What is a road train?

The road train is considered a car with an arbitrary number of trailers or vehicle tractor.
A feature of such a vehicle is the presence of a towing device. The use of road trains increases the use of the power potential of cars, reduces the cost of transportation, increases performance, reduces the need for drivers, reduces the fuel consumption of 1 tons of cargo transported by increasing the maximum allowable amount of cargo, which can be transported with one cargo vehicle.

Classification of trucks for appointment

All trucks can be divided into the following popular categories of body type:

• Tents, semi-trailers - most often found type of trucks. Used to transport any cargo. Body loading is carried out on either side, which significantly simplifies this process. The average carrying capacity varies from 20 to 25 tons;
• Refrigerators, semi-trailers are semi-trailers that are equipped with refrigeration facilities needed for transporting perishable products. Temperature in the refrigerator: from +25 to -25. The average carrying capacity of such types of trucks is 12-20 tons;
• AvtoCut It is a car and a trailer to it. They are very convenient in terms of loading / unloading. You can carry practical any cargoes, except for long, as well as requiring special conditions. Capacity: from 16 to 25 tons;
• Jumbo. - These are high capacity trailers. The floor of the trailer is made in the form of the letter "g", as well as reduced the diameter of the wheels, the additional space is counsed. The average carrying capacity of such trailers is up to 20 tons;
• Container ship - vehicle used to transport containers;
• Tanker - vehicle used for transportation of liquid and bulk cargo;
• Avtovo. - vehicle used to transport cars;
• Grain - vehicle used to transport grain;
• Dump truck - Vehicle used to transport bulk cargo.

Terms used in transport documents

• "Freight car" - Vehicle equipped with a mechanical drive. Operated to transport cargo for roads;
• "Vehicle" - the device for which the load or passengers is installed for transportation by road;
• "Motor Train" - a combined vehicle consisting of a truck and trailer (trailer trailer), tractor and semi-trailer (sadding trailer);
• "Tractor" - Vehicle equipped with own engine and intended solely or mainly for towing a trailer or semi-trailer;
• "Combined vehicle" - combination of car and trailer (semi-trailer);
• "Full trailer" A trailer with a breath is a towed vehicle having at least two axes, of which at least one axis is controlled and, moreover:
  - equipped with a towing device (breathing), which has the ability to vertical with respect to the tractor of movement;
  - not transmitting to the tractor any significant vertical load (no more than 100 Dan).
  When the semi-trailer is connected to the semi-trailer support truck, it is considered a complete trailer;
• "Semitrailer" - towed vehicle, which is intended for connecting to saddle tractor (or with a supporting trolley of the semi-trailer) and transmits a significant vertical load on the tractor knob (or on the base truck;
• "Opported semi-trailer trolley"- trailer with a central axis equipped with a saddle coupling device.
• "Maximum vehicle length" - the length of the vehicle that does not exceed the established valid values \u200b\u200b(for each country's country);
• « Maximum width vehicle" - Width of a vehicle that does not exceed the established permissible values \u200b\u200b(for each country);
• « Maximum height vehicle" - the height of the vehicle that does not exceed the established permissible values \u200b\u200b(for each country's country);
• "Maximum mass of vehicle" - the mass of vehicle with a load or without it, which does not exceed the established valid values \u200b\u200b(for each country's country);
• "Maximum axial mass" - Mass transmitted through the vehicle axis to the surface of the road, which does not exceed the established valid values \u200b\u200b(for each country's country);
• "Vehicle mass in a curb state" - Mass of an empty vehicle with a body and a coupling device in the case of a buse-tractor or a crash mass with a cabin if the manufacturer does not install the body and / or a coupling device. This mass includes the mass of coolant, oils, not less than 90% of fuel, 100% of other liquids (with the exception of used water), tools, driver (75 kg), as well as a spare wheel.
• "Technically permissible maximum mass of vehicle" - The maximum mass of the vehicle due to its design and the specified characteristics set by the vehicle manufacturer.
• "Immovable cargo" - the cargo, which is impossible to divide during the transport due to the risk of its damage or high spending time and means;
• "Air suspension" - the suspension system in which the shock absorbing element is air, providing at least 75% of the shock absorbing effect;

Forwarder or carrier? Three Secret and International Cargo Transport

Forwarder or carrier: who may prefer? If the carrier is good, and the freight forwarder is bad, then the first. If the carrier is bad, and the freight forwarder is good, then the second. Such a choice is simple. But how to decide when they are good for both applicants? How to choose from two seemingly equivalent options? The fact is that these options are not equal.

Scary Stories of International Transportation

Between the hammer and anvil.

It is not easy to live between the customer of carriage and a very cunning-economical owner of the cargo. Once we received an order. Freight for three kopecks, additional conditions for two sheets, the collection is called .... on Wednesday Loading. The car on the spot is already on Tuesday, and to the aftermath of the next day, the warehouse begins to slowly throw everything into the trailer, which collected your forwarder addressed to his recipient customers.

Enchanted place - PTO Kozlovichi.

According to the legends and on experience, all who drove the goods from Europe by road, know how terrible place is PTO Kozlovichi, Brest customs. Which lawlessness is creating Belarusian customs officers, they come rapidly and derut Schurdogoga. And it is true. But not all ....

As for the new year we were drunk dry milk.

Loading by combined cargo on consolidation warehouse in Germany. One cargo is a dry milk from Italy, the delivery of which I ordered the forwarder .... The classic example of the operation forwarder is "transmitter" (it does not delve into anything, only transmits on a chain).

Documents for international transport

International cargo transportation of goods is very durable and oburified, a consequence - a lot of unified documents are used to implement international road transport of goods. It does not matter customer carrier or ordinary - it will not go without documents. Although it is not very exciting, but we tried to mention the appointment of these documents and the meaning they have. Lid an example of filling TIR, CMR, T1, EX1, INVOICE, Packing List ...

Calculation of the load on the axis for truck trucks

The goal is to study the possibility of redistribution of loads on the axis of the tractor and semi-trailer when changing the location of the cargo in the semi-trailer. And the use of this knowledge in practice.

In the system under consideration, there are 3 objects: $ (T) $ tractor (T) $, semi-trailer (\\ Large ((p.p.))) $ and cargo $ (\\ LARGE (GR)) $. All variables related to each of these objects will be marked with an upper index $ T $, $ (\\ large (p.p.)) $ and $ (\\ large (GR)) $, respectively. For example, the tractor's own mass will be designated as $ M ^ (T) $.

Why don't you eat amansor? Custom exhaled sadness.

What is happening in the international road transport market? The Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation has forbidden to execute TIR books without additional guarantees of several federal Districts. And he notified that from December 1 of the current year, the agreement with the IRU as inappropriate the requirements of the Customs Union and puts forward non-deal financial claims.
IRU In response: "The explanations of the FCS of Russia regarding allegedly available at Asmap of debt in the amount of 20 billion rubles are a complete fiction, since all the old TIR claims were fully resolved ..... What do we think simple carriers?

STOWAGE FACTOR Weight and volume of cargo when calculating the cost of transportation

Calculation of the cost of transportation depends on weight and volume of cargo. For maritime transport, the volume is most often crucial for air - weight. For road transport, the value plays a comprehensive indicator. What parameter for calculations will be selected in one case - depends on specific weight (Stowage Factor) .

Remember the famous thesis expressed by Ostap Bender: "The car is not a luxury, but a means of movement"? Nowadays it can be supplemented with the words "people and goods".

If the rules of carriage of passengers do not arise from majority issues, then not everyone is familiar about the nuances associated with the carriage of goods. A whole section is assigned to this issue in the rules of the road.

PDA requirements

A section 23, consisting of five points, in which the legislator provided for all possible situations arising from their transportation by road transport.

In 23.1, we are talking about the permissible values \u200b\u200bby weight of the cargo. 23.2 prescribes the driver to control its placement and fastening.

23.1. The mass of the transported cargo and the load distribution over the axes should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bestablished by the manufacturer for this vehicle.

23.2. Before starting and while driving, the driver must control accommodation, fastening and state of cargo in order to avoid its fall, creating interference to movement.

Point 23.3 PDD expands when shipping is allowed and has five paragraphs, of which it should be mentioned quite unusual for modern drivers about that many drivers forget: the accommodation of the cargo should not prevent the perception of signals supplied by hand.

23.3. Shipping is allowed upon condition that it:

• does not limit the driver review;
• does not comply with management and does not violate the stability of the vehicle;
• it does not cover external lighting devices and backgrowers, registration and identification signs, and also does not prevent the perception of signals supplied by hand;
• does not create noise, not dust, does not pollute the road and the environment.

If the condition and accommodation of cargo do not meet the specified requirements, the driver is obliged to take measures to eliminate violations of the transferred rules of transport or stop further movement.

Permissible cargo dimensions for transportation by road

What is considered large cargo, the carriage of which does not require special permits, but has strictly defined rules for the carriage specified in traffic rules?

23.4. Cargo serving the dimensions of the vehicle in front and behind more than 1 m or on the side of more than 0.4 m from the outer edge overall fire, Must be marked by identification signs "Large cargo", and in the dark and in conditions of insufficient visibility, in addition, in front - a light-lantern or a white brief factory, rear - a lantern or a red-factor of red.

By lenght

If the cargo stands for the dimensions of the car in front and behind more than 1m, but not more than 2m. It should be noted here that despite the presence of the letter "and" you can read "or". Suppose the cargo is extended by more than a meter only for the rear dimming of the car, and there is no front, it is already becoming large.

By width

It is also indicated how much load can perform in the width of the car - no more than 40cm.

ATTENTION. In contrast to the first case, where you should measure the length of the protruding part from the extreme point of the car, here the measurement is made from the edge of the rear dimming fire, which means that it will actually be somewhat less than those prescribed 40cm, since the specified flashlight is always a slightly deeper lateral side point car.

If, after measurements, at least one parameter exceeds the above norms, it should be marked by the "Large load" sign, and in the dark or when there is also insufficient visibility with lanterns or light rails: white front and red rear.

In height

Despite the fact that paragraph 23.4 of the traffic rules does not speak about the height of the cargo, it should be remembered that the cargo should not exceed four meters up from the surface of the roadway (p. 23.5 traffic rules).

Consider such a situation: the cargo does not protrude for the size of the car, and heights 3 meters of 85 centimeters from the road cannut, the "Large load" sign is not required.

Sometimes it happens.

Paragraph 23.5 PDD gives the definition of goods and vehicles for transportation or the passage of which will have to receive a special resolution:

23.5. Transportation of heavy and dangerous goods, the movement of the vehicle, the overall parameters of which with a load or without it are exceeded in a width of 2.55 m (2.6 m - for refrigerators and isothermal bodies), at a height of 4 m from the surface of the roadway, in length ( Including one trailer) 20 m, or a vehicle movement with a cargo, protruding the rear point of the vehicle dimensions by more than 2 m, as well as the movement of road trails with two or more trailers is carried out in accordance with the special rules.

International road transport is carried out in accordance with the requirements for vehicles and transport rules established by international treaties of the Russian Federation.

Transportation rules

On the territory of the Russian Federation, the transportation of large-sized cargo is regulated by a number of regulatory acts, except traffic rules here include:

• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 04/15/2011 № 272 "On approval of rules for transportation of goods by road";
• Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation of July 24, 2012 No. 258 "On approval of the procedure for issuing a special permit for traffic on road vehicles vehicle transporting heavy and (or) large-sized goods";
• Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated January 15, 2014 N 7 "On approval of the rules for ensuring the safety of passenger and cargo transport by road and urban ground electric transport and a list of activities for the preparation of employees of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs engaged in road transport and urban ground electric transport, To safe operation and vehicles to safe operation. "

The documents are quite voluminous and informative, affecting not only the topic under consideration, so consider them in a part concerning.

You should start with the rules of loading, the basic norms of which are written in sufficient detail. This includes sorting cargo by weight, namely, heavier are located at the bottom to preserve the stability of the vehicle when driving, the cargo must be homogeneous, well fixed. It is also prescribed to prevent the gaps between the loaded products, prescribing to fill them with gaskets.

Uniform piece goods in the body of the vehicle must be stacked with the equal number of tiers and ensuring reliable fastening of the upper tier of the stack (clause 36 of the order of the Ministry of Transport No. 7 of January 15, 2014).

Here we are talking about the need to attract car maintenance, justifying it with an increased danger during the transport of large-sized goods (paragraph 52 of the order of the Ministry of Transport No. 7 of January 15, 2014).

Paragraphs 53-58 of the order of the Ministry of Transport No. 7 of January 15, 2014. Set the maintenance rules and the requirements for accompaniment cars. As data of vehicles, tractors and (or) cars of the traffic police (pp 53-58 of the Order of the Ministry of Transport No. 7 of January 15, 2014) can be used.

Paragraphs 59 and 60 of the same order of the Ministry of Transport No. 7 of January 15, 2014, give an exhaustive list of situations and conditions in which transportation of such goods is prohibited:

• deviate from the route installed in a special resolution;
• exceed the speed specified in the resolution;
• carry out movement during ice, snowfall, as well as with meteorological visibility less than 100 meters;
• carry out traffic on the side of the road, if such an order is not determined by the conditions of carriage;
• stop outside of specially designated parking lots located outside the carriageway;
• continue transportation in the event technical malfunction Vehicle, threatening traffic safety, as well as when shifting cargo or weakening its fastening.

If, during the move, circumstances requiring changes in the movement route, the subject of transport activity is obliged to obtain a special permit on a new route in the prescribed manner.

As is denoted

Due to the increased danger to road participants, these goods must be indicated by the "Large load" sign (clause 23.4 of traffic rules). The specified mark is installed directly to the load itself in the extreme protruding point.

Consequently, if the load exceeds the established norms behind the vehicle - it is installed from behind. If in front and rear - in both places, respectively. The same applies to the designation of the protruding parts on the Bocames TS.

In addition to the sign, it may be necessary to install lights or white and red light printors, respectively, in front and rear, but this requirement is appropriate when transporting in the dark or under limited visibility conditions.

Sign "Oversized cargo" - Sizes in GOST

The sign "Oversized cargo", as he is often called drivers, in the legal field of the Russian Federation simply does not exist, since this is a spaticrous and simplified name of the identification mark "Large load".

The dimensions of the sign are determined in the form of a square with a side of 400 mm and alternating inclined stripes of red and white width each 50 mm.

The above parameters are provided for by the State Standard GOST R12.4.026-2001, therefore are mandatory for execution.

It is allowed to apply this sign to the load itself in the form of a sticker or pattern of the corresponding GOST.

IMPORTANT. The sign is made of back-growing materials!

This sign can be purchased or making yourself. The only difficulty that occurs is a sign must be averter.

Solutions of this problem have two ways. The first is to purchase a special paint that it will be easily cheaper than buying a ready sign. The second is to upset to the sticker sign and glue it to any solid foundation, for example, a sheet of fuster or PVC panel. The main thing is to keep the dimension, do not risk, do not sign less than this is provided by GOST.

Permission to transport

Until now, many motorists who have not come across the problem of transporting large-sized cargo believe that permission should be obtained in the traffic police. In fact, it is not.

With the traffic police provided for the procedure of coordination and is connected with the obligation of this service to determine whether there is a need to accompany the cargo and in the form of escort (carrier special car or service car traffic police).

The permission for transportation is issued a number of authorized bodies, depending on what roads the route is agreed by the route: international, federal significance or municipal. Recently, it also has the opportunity to receive the specified permission from the owner of the road, if it is in its property.

Authorities issuing transportation permit
Road categories for which route runs	Authorized body
Federal significance or their sections, the territory of two or more subjects of the Russian Federation; International report	Rosavtodor
Inter-municipal or regional importance or their sites, local significance located on the territory of two or more formations (districts, district municipality)	Executive body of the subject of the Russian Federation
Local significance, on the territory of two and more settlements within the boundaries of the district	Authority of the municipality of the municipality
Local significance, within the boundaries of one settlement	Self-government authority settlement
Local city county	City District Authority

To begin the procedure for obtaining a special permission, it is necessary to submit an appropriate application to the authorized body (see table above), a package of documents is attached to the application: on a car that will participate in transportation, cargo, route scheme. Also, the authorized body has the right to request additional documentation relating to the upcoming transportation.

The terms of consideration of the application are registered in the administrative regulations and, depending on the number of coordination and related actions (assessment of the state of the road or the need to strengthen or reconstruct) from five days to thirty.

Obtaining a special permission procedure is conditionally free. Require a fee for issuing permission authorized body is not entitled. But the applicant is obliged to pay state duty In the amount of 1600 rubles (PP.111 of paragraph 1 of article 333.33 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (part two) of August 5, 2000 No. 117-F3, as amended by Federal Law of July 21, 2014 N 221-FZ).

Additionally, it may be necessary to pay for the assessment of the automotive road to the suitability of the transportation of the goods under consideration, as well as work to strengthen or reconstruct areas of the road and engineering structures (example - bridges) at the planned route. As well as reimbursement of damage caused by road and communications.

In what cases such transportation is prohibited

Transportation of large cargo is prohibited if there is an opportunity for separate transport without depriving cargo of operational properties, it is also forbidden to transport the indicated category of goods organized columns (P.51 PAZ of the Ministry of Transport dated January 15, 2014 No. 7).

The ban can be made if there is no route on the route technical opportunity For the implementation of the declared transportation.

What a penalty for violation

Responsibility for violation of the rules for transportation of goods is provided for by two articles of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Article 12.21 - Violation of the rules for transportation of goods. Sanction: Warning or penalty of 500 rubles.

This article applies to cargoes that do not require special permit and liability may arise in an approximate number of cases: the lack of sign "Large cargo", the cargo is noise, dust or unreliable, makes it difficult.

IMPORTANT. Sanctions of deprivation of the right to management of the vehicle is not, but according to Article.23.3 of the traffic control panel, further movement to eliminate the identified violations is prohibited, and the issuance of violation does not allow the right to continue the trip.

Article 12.21.1 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation provides for responsibility for violating the rules of movement of a large-sized vehicle. And here we are already talking, it is, about loads that require special permission. The entire article has 11 parts:

1. The movement of a heavy and (or) large vehicle with an exception to the permissible dimensions of the vehicle by no more than 10 centimeters without special permission, or with the excess of the dimensions specified in a special resolution, by no more than 10 centimeters, or with exceeding the allowable mass of transport means or permissible load on the vehicle axis by more than 2, but not more than 10 percent without a special permit, or with the excess of the vehicle mass or the load on the vehicle axis specified in a special resolution, by more than 2, but not more than 10 percent	driver In the amount of OT one thousand to one thousand five hundred rubles; on the officials ten thousand to fifteen thousand rubles; on the legal entities - OT one hundred thousand to one hundred fifty thousand rubles on the owner (owner) of a vehicle in the amount of one hundred and fifty thousand rubles.
2. The movement of heavy and (or) large vehicle with exceeding the permissible dimensions of the vehicle by more than 10, but not more than 20 centimeters or exceeding the allowed vehicle mass or permissible load on the vehicle axis by more than 10, but not more than 20 percent without special permission	entails the imposition of an administrative fine on driver In the amount of OT three thousand to four thousand rubles; on officials from twenty-five thousand to thirty thousand rubles; on the legal entities — from two hundred and fifty thousand to three hundred thousand rubles, and in the case of fixing the administrative offense working in automatic mode special technical meanshaving functions of photo and filming, video, - on the owner (owner) of a vehicle in the amount of three hundred thousand rubles.
3. The movement of heavy and (or) large vehicle with exceeding the permissible dimensions of the vehicle by more than 20, but not more than 50 centimeters either with an exceedable mass of the vehicle or the permissible load on the vehicle axis by more than 20, but not more than 50 percent without special permission -	entails the imposition of an administrative fine on driver In the amount of OT or deprivation of the right to control vehicles for a period of two to four months; on the officialsresponsible for transportation - from thirty-five thousand to forty thousand rubles; on the legal entities - from, and in the case of fixing the administrative offense, working in automatic mode with special technical means having functions of photo and filming, video recording, -
4. Movement of heavy and (or) large vehicle with exceeding the dimensions specified in a special resolution, by magnitude more than 10, but not more than 20 centimeters or with an excess of vehicle mass or the load on the vehicle axis specified in a special resolution, by magnitude more than 10, but not more than 20 percent	entails the imposition of an administrative fine on driver In the amount of OT three thousand to three thousand five hundred rubles; on the officialsresponsible for transportation - from twenty thousand to twenty five thousand rubles; on the legal entities - OT two hundred thousand to two hundred and fifty thousand rubles, and in the case of fixing the administrative offense, working in automatic mode with special technical means having functions of photo and filming, video recording, - on the owner (owner) of a vehicle in the amount of two hundred and fifty thousand rubles.
5. The movement of heavy and (or) large vehicle with exceeding the dimensions specified in a special resolution, by the amount of more than 20, but not more than 50 centimeters, either with an excess of the vehicle mass or the load on the axis of the vehicle specified in a special resolution, by magnitude more than 20, but not more than 50 percent	entails the imposition of an administrative fine on driver in the amount of from four thousand to five thousand rubles or deprivation of the right to manage vehicles for a period of two to three months; on the officialsresponsible for transportation - from thirty thousand to forty thousand rubles; on the legal Persons - Ot three hundred thousand to four hundred thousand rubles, and in the case of fixing the administrative offense, working in automatic mode with special technical means having functions of photo and filming, video recording, - on the owner (owner) of a vehicle in the amount of four hundred thousand rubles.
6. The movement of a heavy and (or) large vehicle with exceeding the permissible dimensions by the amount of more than 50 centimeters without special permission, or with the excess of the dimensions specified in a special resolution, by more than 50 centimeters, or with an exceedable vehicle mass or permissible load on the vehicle axis by more than 50 percent without a special permit, or with the excess of the vehicle mass or the load on the vehicle axis specified in a special resolution, by more than 50 percent	entails the imposition of an administrative fine on driver vehicle in the amount of from seven thousand to ten thousand rubles or deprivation of the right to manage vehicles for a period of four to six months; on the official forty five thousand to fifty thousand rubles; on the legalpersons - Ot four hundred thousand to five hundred thousand rubles, and in the case of fixing the administrative offense, working in automatic mode with special technical means having functions of photo and filming, video recording, - on the owner (owner) of a vehicle in the amount of five hundred thousand rubles.
7. Violation of the rules of movement of heavy and (or) large vehicles, with the exception of cases provided for in parts 1 - 6 of this article	entails the imposition of an administrative fine on driver vehicle in size from one thousand to one thousand five hundred rubles; on the official persons responsible for transportation - from five thousand to ten thousand rubles; on the legal Persons - Ot fifty thousand to one hundred thousand rubles
8. Providing inaccurate information about the mass or dimensions of cargo in documents for transported goods or unspecifies in the transport invoice when transporting large or heavy cargoes of information about the room, date or period of action of special permits or about the route of transportation of such a cargo if it has led to the violation provided for Part 1, 2 or 4 of this article	entails the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens In the amount of OT one thousand five hundred to two thousand rubles; on the official Persons - Ot fifteen thousand to twenty thousand rubles; on the legal Persons - Ot two hundred thousand to three hundred thousand rubles.
9. Providing inaccurate information about the mass or dimensions of cargo in documents for transported goods or disappointment in the transport invoice during the transport of large-sized or heavy freights of information about the room, the date or period of action of a special permit or on the route of transportation of such a cargo, if it caused a violation provided for Part 3, 5 or 6 of this article	entails the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens at the rate of five thousand rubles; on the official Persons - Ot twenty-five thousand to thirty five thousand rubles; on the legal Persons - Ot three hundred fifty thousand to four hundred thousand rubles.
10. Exceeding the permissible mass of vehicle and (or) permissible load on the vehicle axis, or vehicle mass and (or) load on the vehicle axis specified in a special resolution, or permissible vehicle size, or the dimensions specified in a special permit , legal entities or individual entrepreneurs who carried out loading in the vehicle	entails the imposition of an administrative fine on individual entrepreneurs In the amount of OT eighty thousand to one hundred thousand rubles; on the legal Persons - Ot two hundred and fifty thousand to four hundred thousand rubles.
11. Failure to comply with the requirements prescribed by road signs prohibiting vehicle movement, the overall actual mass of which is either a load on the axis of which exceeds the road sign indicated on the road, if the movement of such vehicles is carried out without a special permission	entails the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of five thousand rubles.
Note. For administrative offenses provided for in this article, entrepreneurial activities without education legal entityare administrative responsibility as legal entities.

As we see, the types of punishment are quite rigid, and parts of 3.5 and 6 tbsp. 12.21.1 provides for the deprivation of the management of the CU for various times.

Transportation by road to date are perhaps the most in demand in the freight segment. Causes: Comparative accessibility and prevalence of road infrastructure compared to railway lines or air traffic. Far road transportation is carried out both within one state and between adjacent countries that have common land borders. In order for the vehicle to be freely following the highways of any state without disturbing traffic rules, at the international level, the permissible dimensions of the cargo for the road transport are consistent.

Unified General Transport Ratations

Unified wig-based norms are enshrined in mutual agreements of international organizations, duplicated and concretized by the legislation of individual countries. Such comprehensive rationing has its own purposes:

• creation of uniform vehicle conditions;
• ensuring road safety at all of its sites;
• guaranteeing the safety of goods and timeliness of delivery time.

Maximum automotive standards in Europe

The maximum allowable dimensions and weight of goods for end-to-end and closed trucks are governed by both national legislation and international multilateral agreements - conventions and directives. Requirements for such parameters are set rigidly and unambiguously, since it is indicated in the EU directive No. 96/53, "the differences between the current standards relative to the weight and dimensions of commercial vehicles can have a negative effect on competition and perform an obstacle to the transportation between the European Member States Union. "

Exact information O. maximum weight And the dimensions of the vehicles adopted in the European Community are given in applications to the Directive:

Ruling of freight equipment in the Russian Federation

As for the Russian Federation, Federal Law No. 237 "On Automobile Roads and Road Activities" is operating here, as well as the Government Decision of April 15, 2011. №272. In paragraph 2 of this sub-compere act, it is assigned that the trucking of goods in international communication throughout the territory of Russia is carried out in accordance with international treaties and Russian laws. The 1st and 3rd applications concerning the allowed mass and limiting dimensions of the cargo are greatest interest.

So, Appendix 1 establishes permissible masses Depending on the type of motor vehicle, combinations cargo platforms and the number of axes. In the table below, the limiting weights are given in tons:

Appendix 3 is dedicated to limit sizes:

From here it follows, the most heavily and large truck, which is allowed to roll out on domestic roads, with any scenario should not weigh more than 44 tons and have a length of more than 20, and the height of more than 4 meters. Otherwise, there is an oversized cargo.

Features of oversized cargo

Oversized cargo is such a cargo, the wigsabaric characteristics of which go beyond the framework of the allowed. Transportation of goods exceeding the established dimensions, in principle, is permissible, but should be carried out in compliance with a number of special conditions provided for in paragraph 23 of the RF traffic rules. So, if the cargo comes from behind more than 1 meter, and on the side of more than 40 cm, it is marked with the "Large load" signs, as well as white lamps and white light printers (front) and red (rear) colors.

The movement of oversized cargoes protruding is farther than 2 meters and exceeding 4 meters altitude, as well as road trains, is carried out according to the special rules established by the government's regulatory acts and the order of the Ministry of Transport from 2012 per room 258:

1. in advance, the route of the movement of heavy and (or) large-scale transporters is consistent;
2. special permits for transportation of oversized federal highways General use issues an authorized body, namely the Federal Road Agency;
3. movement on the route is carried out accompanied by patrol machines of the traffic police or military auto inspection;
4. if, after the passage of the ovelaged, the road canvas was damaged or other elements of the road infrastructure, the vehicle owner is obliged to compensate for the damage.

Exceeding mass and dimensions when transporting goods when ignoring specially established rules is violation of traffic rules and entails attracting administrative responsibility.

Responsibility for violation of wigsabarial requirements

For violation of the requirements established by the Russian legislation, the requirements of traffic rules to the dimensions of the transported cargo are provided for legal responsibility, in particular, administrative. Administrative sanctions apply to violators. What kind? Penalty or deprivation of the right to control the vehicle for a certain period. For a detailed acquaintance with the size of administrative penalties for transported negatives to watch Article 12.21.1 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation. It should be borne in mind that when an administrative business is initiated, the oversized transporter automatically falls along with a transported commodity to the arrest platform. And the delay causes additional spending.

conclusions

Of comparative analysis Requirements for dimensions and mass of cargo transported is that, in general, these parameters coincide with the European Community and the Russian Federation. The mass of a saddle or trailed trailer trailer with 6 and more axes cannot exceed 40 tons for Europe and 44 tons for Russia. The limit height for all types of transport and we, and they have 4 m. The maximum width is 2.55 meters, for refrigerators - 2.6. Standards trucks One for most countries, which is quite reasonable, if we consider the goals of such rationing.

Federal Road Service
Russia

VEHICLE,
Common roads

Moscow, 1999

Federal Road Service of Russia
(FDS of Russia)

ORDER

Moscow

On approval of the norms "Maximum masses and dimensions of vehicles operated on general use roads"

In order to ensure road safety, reliability and safety of public roads and road structures, taking into account their bearing capacity and carrying capacity Order: one . To approve the accompanying norms "Maximum masses and dimensions of vehicles operated on general use roads", coordinated with the Ministry of Transport of Russia and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2. FDS Russia's maintenance department (Sorokin S.F.), together with the legal department of the Federal PDC of Russia (Yenikeev Sh.S.), agree on the established procedure with interested ministries and departments and submit until June 1, 1999 for approval by the management of the Federal PDC of Russia "Rules The skipping of heavy and (or) large-sized vehicles on general use roads "and" Instructions on the procedure for compensation for damage caused by heavy vehicles when driving on public road roads ". 3. Control over the execution of this order shall be entrusted to the Deputy Head of the Federal PDC of Russia Urmanova I.A. Head V.G. Artyukhov

Federal Road Service
Russia

Maximum masses and dimensions
VEHICLE,
Operated on automotive
Common roads

Moscow, 1999

1 . General provisions

1.1. The provisions set forth in these standards relate to the mass and size of vehicles permitted for use in the Russian Federation on general use roads, are established on the basis of the requirements for ensuring road safety, reliability and safety of roads and road structures, taking into account their supporting ability and Load capacity. The above-mentioned mass limits and vehicle dimensions are not related to the production of vehicles, the requirements for which are established by other standards and norms. 1.2. Vehicle or part of its parts forming part of combined vehicles, sizes, as well as the total weight and axial load of which do not exceed the values \u200b\u200bestablished by sections 3, 4 and 5 of these standards, are allowed to move on federal and territorial public road roads. For other roads, designed and built into smaller, the loads specified in sections 3, 4 and 5, other (smaller) vehicle massive values \u200b\u200bfor federal roads - federal can be installed. road service Russia, for territorial roads - the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, for municipal roads - local governments. Decisions on the decrease in the size and mass of vehicles are taken on the basis of road surveys and can be permanent or temporary. At the same time, the body that has taken such a decision is obliged to establish the appropriate road signs On the road or its site, which introduces additional mass limits and the size of vehicles and inform the users of roads. 1.3. The vehicle and its part forming the combined vehicle, the mass and / or axial load of which and / or the size of which exceed the maximum values \u200b\u200bestablished by these standards can move on roads only if there are special permissions issued in the prescribed procedure by the competent authorities. The movement of such vehicles on roads is carried out in accordance with the "Instruction on the transport of large-sized and heavy cargoes by road on the roads of the Russian Federation", approved by the Ministry of Transport of Russia 27.05.96 1.4. In addition to the limiting values \u200b\u200bof the total mass and axial loads established by these requirements, the mass of transported cargo and the distribution of the load on the axes should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bestablished by the manufacturer for a particular vehicle. 1.5. For the purposes of these norms, the following concepts and definitions are used: a vehicle - a device intended for transportation on road roads and passengers; Cargo car - a vehicle projected and built exclusively or mainly for the carriage of goods; Tractor - vehicle, designed and built exclusively or mainly for towing a trailer or semi-trailer; Trailer - a vehicle intended for the transport of goods by towing a tractor or truck; The semi-trailer is specially equipped for the transport of goods, intended for a connection with a tractor in such a way that part of this vehicle is located directly on the tractor and transmitted a significant proportion of its weight; Motor tray - a combined vehicle consisting of a truck and trailer; The articulated vehicle is a combined vehicle consisting of a tractor articulated with a semi-trailer; The bus - a vehicle intended for the carriage of passengers and their baggage, which has more nine seats, including a driver; Articulated bus - A bus consisting of two or more rigid sections connected to each other and having a passenger salon in each section that allows passengers to move freely from one cabin to another; Combined vehicle - a combination of a truck consisting of a cargo car connected to a semi-trailer; Maximum length, width and height of the vehicle - length, width and height of the vehicle with load or without cargo, not exceeding the values \u200b\u200bspecified in section 3 of these standards; Maximum linear vehicle parameters - linear parameters that do not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Section 3 of these Norms; Maximum vehicle mass - weight of vehicle with cargo or without cargo, which does not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Section 4 of these Norms; - Mass transmitted through the vehicle axis to the surface of the road, not exceeding the normative value; Indivisible cargo - the cargo that when transporting by the road can not be divided into two or more parts without excessive costs or risk of its damage and which, being immersed on the vehicle, will exceed its maximum size and mass; Air suspension - the suspension system in which the amortization element is air; Truck - two and more axes having a common suspension to the vehicle; Single axis - the vehicle axis, located at a distance of more than 1.8 m to the nearest axis of this vehicle; Frightened axes - axes (two or more) vehicles located at a distance between them less than 1.8 m.

2. Measuring the mass and size of vehicles

2.1. The length of the vehicle is measured in accordance with ISO 612-1978 Standard 6.1. At the same time, when measuring lengths in accordance with the provisions of this standard, the following devices mounted by car are not taken into account: a device for cleaning glass and mudguards; Front and side marking plates; devices for sealing and protective devices for them; devices for fixing tarpaulin and protective devices for them; Equipment for electrical lighting; rear vendor mirrors; devices for viewing space for the car; air duct tubes; the length of the valves and connectors for connecting with trailers or removable bodies; Steps to access the body; lift for a record auto stroke; Lifting platforms, steps for access and similar equipment not exceeding in the operating position 200 mm and in such a way that they cannot increase the limiting mass of the vehicle loading; Coupling devices for towing vehicles or trailers. 2.2. The height of the vehicle is measured in accordance with ISO 612-1978 Standard 6.3. Moreover, when measuring the height, taking into account the provisions of this standard, the following devices mounted on a vehicle should not be taken into account: antennas; Pantograph in raised position. For vehicles having a device for lifting an axis, the effect of the effect of this device is taken into account. 2.3. Vehicle width is measured in accordance with ISO 612-1978 Standard 6.2. When measuring the width of the vehicle, taking into account the provisions of this standard, the following devices mounted by car are not taken into account: devices for seals and seals and protective devices to them; devices for fixing tarpaulin and protective devices for them; Devices for self-stacked damage ; protruding flexible parts of the mudguards; lighting equipment; Steps in the working position, suspended platforms and similar equipment that in the operating position do not exceed 10 mm on each side of the vehicle and forward or backwards, the angles of which have a radius of at least 5 mm, and the edges of which have roundings with a radius of at least 2 , 5 mm; Rearview mirrors; Pressure indicators in auto strokes; retractable or retractable steps; The curved part of the surface of the auto stroke, protruding the point of its contact with the Earth. 2.4. The axial mass of the vehicle is measured at a dynamic vertical load transmitting through a single axis to the surface of the automotive road, from a loaded car. The measurement is made by special automotive scales that have passed the certification in the prescribed manner. The axial mass of the cart, located on the same suspension, taking into account the design of the vehicle, is defined as the sum of the measurement of the mass of each of the axes included in the trolley. 2.5. The total weight of the vehicle or its part forming the part of the combined vehicle is defined as the sum of the measured masses of all vehicle axes or its part.

3. Maximum dimensions and other parameters of vehicles

The maximum dimensions of vehicles, taking into account the size of removable bodies and cargo containers, including containers, should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bbelow. 3.1. Maximum length: truck - 12.00 m of the trailer - 12.00 m of the articulated vehicle - 16.5 m of the articulated bus - 18.00 m of the road train - 20.00 m 3.2. Maximum width: all vehicles - 2.50 m 3.3. Maximum height - 4.00 m 3.4. The maximum distance between the axis of the compiler constipation and the rear of the semi-trailer should not exceed 12.00 m. 3.5. The maximum distance measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the distance from the external front point of the body or the site for installing the cargo to the cab to the rear outer point of the trailer, minus the distance between the rear of the tractor and the front of the trailer should not exceed 15.65 m. 3.6. The maximum distance measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the road train, from the external front point of the body or platform to install the cargo for the cabin to the rear outer point of the semi-trailer should not exceed 16.40 m. 3.7. Mounted in the body of the vehicle, the cargo should not be for the back exterior point of the car or the trailer by more than 2.00 m. 3.8. Distance between rear axis The truck and the front axle of the trailer must be at least 3.00 m. 3.9. The horizontally measured distance between the axis of the semi-trailer hinge and any point of the front of the semi-trailer should not exceed 2.04 m. 3.10. Any vehicle when driving should provide the possibility of turning within the space limited by an external radius of 12.50 m and an internal radius of 5.30 m. 3.11. The maximum distance between the axis of the bonding device constipation and the rear part of the combined vehicle should not exceed 12.00 m.

four . Regulatory total weight of vehicles *

* The regulatory common masses of vehicles are not allowed to exceed by more than 20%.

Table 4.1.

Type of motor vehicle		Regulatory general mass of motor vehicles, t
	Trucks a) two-axle car
	b) three-axle car
	d) four-axle car with two leading axes, each of which consists of two pairs of wheels and has an air or equivalent suspension
	Vehicles forming part of a combined vehicle A) two-axis trailer
	b) three-axle trailer
	Combined vehicles articulated vehicles
	a) two-axis tractor with a two-axis semi-trailer with a total base of 11.2 m and more
	b) two-axis tractor with a three-axis semi-trailer with a total database of 12.1 m and more
	c) three-axle tractor with a two-axis semi-trailer with a total base of 11.7 m and more
	d) three-axle tractor with a three-axis semi-trailer with a total database of 12.1 or more
	e) a vehicle consisting of a 18-ton truck and a 20-ton semi-trailer in case the vehicle has a leading axis consisting of paired wheels and equipped with an air or equivalent suspension with a total database of 13.3 m and more
	Road train a) two-axle cargo car with a two-axis trailer with a total database 12.1 m and more
	b) two-axle cargo car with a three-axis trailer with a total database of 14.6 m and more
	c) two-axle cargo car with a four-axle trailer with a total database of 16.5 m and more
	d) three-axis cargo vehicle with a two-axis trailer with a total database of 14.6 m and more
	e) three-axle cargo vehicle with a three-axis trailer with a total database of 15.9 m and more
	e) three-axle cargo car with a four-axle trailer at a total database of 18 m and more
	Buses a) two-axle bus
	b) three-axle bus
	c) three-axis hinged articulated bus
	d) four-axle hinged articulated bus

five . Regulatory axial loads of motor vehicles

Table 5.1.

Regulatory axial loads of motor vehicles *

* Motor vehicle axial loads should not exceed the normative axial loads by more than 40%.

Types of vehicle axes	Calculated axial load on which road clothing is calculated, TC
	two-tight		single-car
Single axis
Dual axes of trailers, semi-trailers, driving axles of trucks and buses at distances between the axes:
d) equal or more than 1.8 m
Stored axes of trailers and semi-trailers at distances between the axes:
a) more than 0.5 m, but less than 1.0 m
b) equal or more than 1.0 m, but less than 1.3 m
c) equal or more than 1.3 m, but less than 1.8 m
d) equal or more than 1.8 m
- The same, when mounting on an air or equivalent suspension

5.8. The weight transmitted to the leading or driving axis of the car or the combined vehicle should not be less than 25% of the total weight of the car or the combined vehicle.

Today, one of the most sought-after shipping segments is precisely car. The reasons for this set are accessibility, low cost and high delivery speed.

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Also, this type of transport it is possible to carry out cargoes of oversized - but it is necessary to remember some restrictions both in width and height.

Who is installed permissible dimensions

Today, sufficiently rigid restrictions on the amount of goods transported through both the Russian Federation and other countries are established.

It should be remembered: for violations of the overall rules, a rather serious responsibility is relying.

And not just imposed a fine, but the vehicle is placed on a special free parking along with the cargo. That accordingly leads to a significant time delay.

Today, the maximum allowable cargo dimensions are set:

• special authorities within the country;
• various international standards.

The Russian Federation on a series with many different other states is included in various trade associations.

Today in the Russian Federation, the formation of the laws regulating the type under consideration is carried out by the State Duma and Federation of Federation. It is these legislative agencies that are engaged in the development of federal laws.

The fundamental regulatory document, on the basis of which various kinds of standards are established, is

It is in accordance with this legislative act established by them the standards it is necessary to post an oversized cargo on the platform. There is a sufficiently large number of features associated with the measurement. overall dimensions cargo.

Abroad, specialized government bodies are engaged over the establishment of the maximum permissible dimensions. It concerns today almost everyone without exception.

Including Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan. At the same time, the EU has a single body that shapes specialized legislation, which applies to the territory of all countries included in it.

Therefore, in case there is a need for a provision of oversized cargo through the territory of other countries, it is necessary to take into account the legislation existing on their territory.

Otherwise, serious delays will be possible, other problems when driving through these countries. There are a large number of various nuances, features.

Restrictions

On the territory of the Russian Federation, other countries have a very large number of various transport companies. All of them offer an extensive list of all kinds of cargo transportation services.

And it was on the shoulders of their logistics that the problem of laying the route of the movement of a particular cargo is located. At the same time, the customer itself is still transported to the standards allowed by the overall dimensions of the cargo transported.

At the moment, it is worth familiar with the permissible dimensions in the following countries:

• The Russian Federation;
• Belarus;
• Kazakhstan;
• Ukraine;

Most often, it is through the territory of these countries that the various kinds of cargo are transported, which for some reason do not fit into the dimensions established by law.

In Russia

At the moment, the following permissible dimensions of the cargo transported on general purpose roads are established on the territory of the Russian Federation.

It is important to take into account: it is allowed to exemplate the altitude height of 4 meters established by the altitude height. But at the same time it is required to comply with certain rules.

Mandatory measures include:

• applying special color designations directly on car body, cargo borders;
• using special machines accompaniment (quantity depends on several separate parameters).

In Belarus

In accordance with the agreement of the CIS countries in Belarus, there are regulations on the height of the goods and other dimensions similar to the Russian one.

At the moment, the following standards are set:

• maximum length:
  
• maximum width:
  
• the maximum allowable height is no more than 4 m.

Also possible transportation of all sorts of oversized cargo. But again, it should be remembered about the need to comply with certain rules, standards.

It will be necessary to apply special designations into the cargo, the vehicle. You will need a car accompaniment.

In Kazakhstan

To carry out cargo transportation on the territory of Kazakhstan, the same overall standards are required, which are used directly in the territory of the Russian Federation.

The maximum allowable cargo height is 4 meters along with the height of the platform on which it is located.

Similarly, things are concluded with other dimensional parameters of the transport (width, length). Similar standards act relative to the mass of vehicles.

In Ukraine

When transporting goods on the territory of the country, Ukraine will need to be followed by the following standards for overall dimensions:

Separate standards exist for the transport of heavy cargo. Similarly, things are dealing with oversized freight.

If possible, it will be necessary to familiarize yourself in advance with all of them. So it will be possible to avoid a large number of various troubles.

EU

On the territory of the EU, the standards of dimensions transported by cargo differ from those accepted on the territory of the Russian Federation, but not significantly.

It must be remembered that in all EU countries there are uniform standards for this moment. But inside some individual subjects, their violation is possible.

If necessary, through the EU, it will be necessary to get acquainted with all the standards.

They look like this:

Gabritary / country name	Height, M.	Width, M.	Length, M.
A.	4	2.55	12
B.	4	2.5	12
BG.	4	2.5	12
Ch	4	2.5	12
D.	4	2.55	12
Dk	4	2.55	12
E.	4	2.55	12
EG	4	2.5	12
F.	4	2.55	12

The cost depends primarily on the weight of the cargo and its dimensions. If the dimensions fit into the limits established by the legislation, then the cost is relatively small.

If the cargo is oversized, then in some cases the cost of its transportation (especially by EU countries) grows at times.

What is fraught with a height of cargo during trucking

The most detailed question of fines for transportation of cargo with a violation of the established dimensions is reflected in the Code administrative offenses RF. Regarding each individual violation there is a separate article.

Today, the most significant, to familiarize themselves in advance, are as follows:

• part 1 - carrying out the transportation of large-sized cargo without appropriate permission, licenses:
  
• transportation of goods with exceeding dimensions is greater than 10 cm:
  
• provides violations that are not covered in part 1 and 2 of this article, implies a penalty:
  

If there is a multiple violation of existing standards and standards, it is possible to impose much more serious recovery. Up to the prohibition of a certain type of activity.

How to transport exceeding maximum height

To carry out the carriage exceeding the maximum height, it will be necessary to comply with the rules defined by the legislation.

The most significant includes the following:

• it is necessary to have a special permit for the transport of such a kind;
• a special route must be developed and approved in the Special Office - the driver is prohibited from deviate from it;
• necessarily the presence of special designations at the borders of the cargo, protruding beyond certain dimensions;
• presence of 1 or several accompaniment machines.

Also the goods itself, the procedure for its placement on the platform must comply with some specific requirements:

• do not close the road overview to the driver;
• do not create any other interference when driving a vehicle;
• do not create obstacles for other road participants;
• do not pollute the ecology (noise, dust, other) is not allowed.