Transportation of cargo by car - A popular and rapidly developing business niche in Russia. However, entrepreneurs in the pursuit of profit load their trucks "under the string", ignoring the rules road and technical capabilities trucks.
Overloaded pallons strongly split the road fabric. The overloaded car more "eats" technical fluids and fuel. And, as already mentioned, the road covering faster comes in disrepair. In order to somehow deal with this to deal with several laws, relative to the rules of the passage of trucks in different types of trails and the size of the penalties for violations.
The car overload is determined by the load on each axis: the rear plus front. In total, it turns out, transmitted through the wheels on the canvas road. Often the rear axle of the car carries most of the load compared to the front.
Since, in fact, on the front axis "Davit" only the cabin and the power mechanism, whereas the burden is accounted for. In addition, overload quickly wear out details Truck, namely:
- castle saddle;
- clutch;
- gearbox;
- brake pads;
- rubber;
- suspension.
Drivers know that there are road signs installed on some cuts of roads and in front of the bridges, limiting car travel By weight, for example, 3:12. That is, on the bridge or section of the road after this sign you cannot move cars, the load on the axis of which is more than indicated on the sign.
If the driver violates this rule, it will be subjected to a fine, fixed in the Administrative Code, the fifth part of Article 12.21.1. It says that the driver of an overloaded passenger or truck with a special or without special may be fined For the passage of roads or bridges for such weight.
The permissible weight of the cargo for transport categories "A" and "B"
There are different categories of trails for which it is allowed to ride different groups. trucks. For the group "A", movement on the tracks 1, 2, 3 categories (ordinary expensive, non-speed, the number of strips in one direction can be up to four).
For cars of the group "A":
- Between the axes more than two m - 10 tons.
- Up to two m - 9 tons.
- Up to one m 65 cm - 8 tons.
- Up to 1 m 35 cm - 7 tons.
- To one m - 6 tons.
For the group "B" sets the following norms:
- Between axes more than 2 m - 6 tons.
- Up to 2 m - 5.7 tons.
- Up to 1 m 65 cm - 5.5 tons.
- Up to 1 m 35 cm - 5 tons.
- Up to 1 m - 4.5 tons.
Penalties for the excess of the load rate on the axis
Accordingly, if the weight of the entire car or the load on the axis exceeds 2, but less than 10 percent, then the driver, an official who resolved the departure and a legal entity, which owns the car, threatens fine for overload in size 1000-1500; 10,000-15 thousand and 100,000-150 thousand rubles, respectively.
If the mass is exceeded more than 10, but less than 20%, then the fine for overload will be 3000-3500; 20000-25000; 200,000-250 thousand rubles. If the mass exceeds the norm by 20, but does not reach 50%, then the fines for the overview of the truck will be 4000-5 thousand or deprivation of rights up to 3 months; 30000-40000; for legal entities 300000-400 thousand rubles.
If overload over the axes more than 50%, the fines of the driver - 7000-10 thousand or deprivation of rights for up to 6 months; Official person - 45000-50000, legal entity - 400,000-50 thousand rubles.
If such a violation was recorded using a photo or video, the size of the fine will be equal to the top bar of the fine for the organization that produced the machine loading. But the responsibility and payment of fines will suffer the carrier.
Affairs by administrative offensesrelated to overload or exceeding dimensions according to the Civil Procedure Code considered by the courts General jurisdiction.
Judicial practice at the moment already, one can say, formed and the courts in full satisfy the vast majority of lawsuits to shippers or carriers. And the appeal of decisions does not give anything.
Why is the law provide such large fines for overload? This is a way to avoid more expenses and human victims, because the overload is involved:
- knocking out the roadbed (repair costs, accidents due to pit and cracks on the road);
- large chances of accidents when moving on old structures and bridges;
- an increase in the braking path, which increases the likelihood of accidents.
The braking path becomes longer due to the inertia of the cargo (the heavier cargo, the stronger the inertia). And it can be fraught with a burden of a truck, especially in ice or rain. It matters and how well the cargo is fixed.
Because if he moves through the body while driving, it can become cause of tipping truck And, accordingly, the accident. For this, the driver is responsible.
In compliance with the rules of cargo transportation, moving or stationary safety and weight points, whose inspectors have the authority to write out a fine and take the cars to the stalls until its payment.
Points equipped with special weightswhich show the load on the axis of the truck and the inspector determines whether there is an overload on the axis or not. Car weighing can be done in two ways:
- Without stopping cars. Its speed at the same time should not exceed 5 km / h. Measurement error can reach 3%, so this method is not used.
- When the car is stopped. This method gives more accurate results.
If the overload is detected or the dimensions of the cargo exceed the norm, it will be a violation and driver we will have to pay a fine. Even if there is a special degree and, of course, when it is not.
Special for heavy, large-sized and dangerous cargo It is issued in the executive authorities or the organization's subordinate to them, or the owner of the road in which the cargo should be.
It should receive a shipper in advance. In the case when the receipt of special proceedings on the passage is a mandatory or driver deviated from the route in it specified, it can also be discharged.
In addition, the weight of the cargo should be accurately listed in commodity and transport invoices. If the documents indicate the weight not exceeding permissible normsIn fact, the overload is determined, the inspector will make a protocol and prescribe a fine.
And all these troubles go to the driver. Most often he has to pay for the fact that his superiors did not form all required documents properly.
Fundes for large-sized goods
For the transport of large cargoes also provide its rules. Large is considered a cargo, protruding on more than one meter from behind or 10-50 centimeters from each side.
In this case, the load should be decorated with special signsthat are visible in the afternoon and reflective elements or lanterns to be visible at night.
This is described in road rules. COAP adds to it that if the size of the cargo is 10-50 cm is greater than the norm or more than indicated in the special degree, the inspector of the control and weight item has the right to write a fine. The range of fines is the same as indicated above 1000-400 thousand rubles.
If the amount of the fine is an impressive and driver, naturally, can not pay it, the car will put on the stradition. And then the shipper will lose time, reputation and possibly the client. Also extra losses will incurexpenses for sending another truck to divide goods: buying fuel, salary to the second driver and may have to pay a penalty to the client for late delivery of the cargo, if such is provided for by the contract.
Today there are a few theory of mass and axial loads.
Until recent events, everyone had the term "5-tonnik", "10-tonner" and other "tunnels" and they were used to designate the car carrying capacity. "Petrovich, tomorrow you need two 10 tonsnik!" - said the customer to the head of the transport workshop, and it was clear to everyone that for the transport of some cargo, two vehicles are needed by a carrying capacity of not lower than 10 tons. With the advent of Plato, the term "12-tonner" appeared and it means not a loading capacity at all, and the maximum mass is allowed, as applied to the current situation "12-tons" is any truck whose allowed maximum mass exceeds 12 tons.
The allowed maximum mass is set by the company by the manufacturer and is indicated in the TCP - this is the mass of the car + the maximum allowable weight of the cargo (passengers). For example, let's say the mass of the vehicle without a load of 9 tons, and the allowed maximum mass of 25 tons means that the mass of the cargo transported along with the driver, spare wheels, the diesel fuel in the tank should not exceed (25-9) 16 tons, in the case of a route there are parameters tractor and semi-trailer / trailer. And once again emphasizing your attention is set by manufacturers - simple words "we make such cars, you can carry so much cargo."
The laws and acts of regulating the movement of the vehicle and the transportation of goods or passengers on roads are used as a maximum allowable mass or simply maximum mass and means a vehicle mass with or without goods. Simple words "on this road you can go on a truck weighing no more (some kind of meaning) and that the manufacturers have identified there, no more than the sign is written."
The maximum mass is determined by the addition of axial loads of the vehicle. The axial load is a mass transmitted through the axis of the vehicle on the surface of the automotive road. For different roads, axial loads can different, for different types TC Axial loads can vary (affect the range distances, the number of axes in the trolley, the rope and type of suspension). Simple words "You have 2 axes, weighing 8 tons and a 3-axis trailer weighing 7 tons, on this road the most dusty mass can not exceed 38 tons, it means that you can carry 38-8-7 \u003d 23 with the right location of the cargo in the trailer tons. "
If, with the addition of axial loads, the maximum mass exceeds 44 tons. This carriage falls into the discharge of heavy and requires the design of a special permit, coordination of the route in controlling bodies and payment of fees for increased damage to roads.
If the maximum mass of the vehicle is over 80 tons, then the development of a special project is necessary, which may require, such as strengthening bridges on the movement route.
The question of the masses and loads, of course, is much deeper and in one post to cover all aspects difficult, but to understand the main points, I think that you will be useful.
Tags: What, the masses, allowed, transport, by, roads, the Russian Federation
If a bus is more than 10 years old, if there is no tachograph or GLONASS system, then you can not transport children on it ...
road transport on roads Russian Federation... heavy cargo - vehicle, the mass of which is with a load or without cargo and (or) ... applications for obtaining permits for transportation of large or ...
Department for the safety of roads of the FDS of Russia (Sorokin S.F.) together with ... in the Russian Federation on road roadsah general use, ... on roads only if there are special permits, ... trailer - a vehicle intended for transportation ...
about the murderers of our roads - multi-torque dump trucks with a load on the axis greater than the norm
These are heavy career dump trucks HOWO, SHACMAN, MAN, SCANIA and others ... Every day they pass by us, huge trucks loaded asphalt, rubble and sand. Why do they drive around the country with a terrible overload, and no one is seriously reacting? Who needs, they know, do you know that the weight of many reaches 50 or more tons? And it is on three axes! Together with the cargo, of course.In this "Chinese" 21 cubic meter of sand, it is 50 tons of total weight. The load on one axis reaches up to 20 tons (with permitted 8 tons. On federal roads, and 6 tons on the axis on local, district). True, 10 ton KAMAZ is hardly in these norms, but the more clearly clear how easy it is. After all, before (in the USSR), it was able to consider the right loads, and for some reason they did not make huge dump trucks for common roads (although technologies and opportunities were!) And in Europe, the operation of such equipment is prohibited.
I saw as a wave asphalt under the tires of the huge Chinese (and not only) career "Sovkov", saw a good part of the road, which had recently began to carry heavy dump trucks for a matter of weeks. Often seen how the asphalt was taken on heavy dump trucks for the device road coat. 18 cubic dump trucks, loaded them at the maximum, with a serious "slide", and if we consider that the weight of the cubometer asphalt mixture can reach 2.5 tons, we obtain that the load of these machines was around 40-45 tons.
Plus the weight of the machine itself is somewhere 13-14 tons. We get that the total weight will be within 50-55 tons. The maximum weight of the three-axis car along with the cargo should not exceed 24 tons.
The road covering in many places was simply collapsed under the monstrous overloads, deeply potholes, extensive cracked areas almost all over the length of the route of these, will not be afraid of this comparison of "saboteurs". There were many sites where it became simply unsafe for life, without any exaggerations. And how many punched wheels and pendants ... flying away from the road or on the oncoming out of the wavy asphalt profile.
[..]
There is a serious responsibility for this serious violation of the law on the country:
12.211 Part 3 of the Administrative Code
Transportation of heavy cargoes with exceeding the allowed maximum mass or load on the axis specified in a special resolution, more than 5% (percent)
on the driver from 1500 to 2000 rubles., on officials from 10,000 to 15,000 rubles, on legal entities from 250,000 to 400,000 rubles.
[..]
I heard the other day on the radio that one overloaded dump truck damages the roads of 600,000 (six hundred thousand) rubles per month, it is real hundreds of billion loss to the state for a year from thousands of heavy dump trucks ...
from here
Often you have to see in the streets of Samara Chinese sands with sand with Moscow numbers. That is, they specifically drove from Moscow to save on gasoline (and kill our roads).
But for some reason no one thinks that it is harmful to our roads ..
Tags: samara, construction
Transportation of heavy cargo automotive ...
This cargo, the mass of which, taking into account the mass of the vehicle, exceeds ... All transportation through the territory of the Russian Federation is carried out by ... permits and money compensation for damages caused by roads ...
Penalty for overvaging the car on the axes in 2019
The mass of the load on the rear axle of the car is usually more than ... the operation of which is allowed to roads I-III Categories, and to the group "B" ... as well as the rules of transportation were approved by order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation ...
The Government of the Russian Federation decides:
1. To approve the attached, which are made to the acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on the transport of heavy cargo on the roads of the Russian Federation.
Changes
which are entered into the acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on the transport of heavy cargo on roads of the Russian Federation
(approved government of the Russian Federation of January 9, 2014 No. 12)
1. In the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 16, 2009 No. 934 "On the compensation of harm caused by vehicles carrying out the transport of heavy cargo on roads of the Russian Federation" (Meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation, 2009, No. 47, Art. 5673; 2011 , № 17, Art. 2415):
a) in the rules of compensation for harm caused by transportation vehicles carrying out heavy cargo approved by this resolution:
paragraph 1 adds the following paragraphs:
"For the purposes of these rules under the vehicle transporting heavy cargo, the vehicle is understood, including a specialized and special vehicle, or a combination vehicle (road tray), the mass of which with cargo or without cargo exceeds the permissible masses of vehicles and (or) allowable axial loads set:
Rules for the carriage of goods by road, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 No. 272 \u200b\u200b"On approval of the rules of cargo transportation by road";
by the decision on the temporary restriction of the movement of vehicles on road;
prohibiting road signs 3.11 "Mass limit" and (or) 3.12 "Limitation of a mass per capita axis." ";
in paragraph 5:
in the first word paragraph of the word "fee for damage to compensation is determined depending on" to replace with the words "the size of the board at the expense of harm compensation is determined in the manner prescribed by the method of calculating the amount of harm caused by vehicles carrying out the transport of heavy cargoes, according to the application and is calculated depending on from";
in subparagraph "a":
in the first paragraph after the words "the Government of the Russian Federation," to add the words "for prohibiting road signs 3.11" Mass limit "and (or) 3.12" Limiting the mass per capita on the axis of the vehicle ";
in paragraphs, the second and third word "extremely" exclude;
in paragraphs, the seventh of paragraph 6, the word "extremely" exclude;
supplement the rules with the following content:
"Application
to the rules of compensation for harm
caused by transport
means carrying out
transportation of heavy cargoes
Methodik
calculation of the amount of harm caused by vehicles carrying out the transport of heavy cargo
1. This technique determines the procedure for calculating the amount of harm caused by vehicles carrying out the carriage of heavy cargo (hereinafter referred to as vehicles).
2. When determining the amount of harm caused by vehicles, takes into account:
the value of exceeding the values \u200b\u200bof permissible axial loads and vehicle mass, including during the introduction of temporary restrictions on road traffic;
road clothing type;
location of the automotive road in the Russian Federation;
the value of the road.
3. The amount of harm caused by vehicles, when exceeding the values \u200b\u200bof permissible axial loads per axis * calculated by the formulas:
* (for roads with solid coating),
* (for roads with clothing transient),
* - the coefficient, taking into account the conditions of the road-climatic zones, shown in Table 2;
* - coefficient, taking into account the natural climatic conditions. It is assumed to be equal to one with adverse climatic conditions, the remainder is taken equal to 0.35;
* - The initial value of the amount of harm caused by vehicles, when exceeding allowable axial loads for the automotive road by 5 percent, shown in Table 1;
* - the excess of the actual axial load above the allowed for the highway, tons / axis;
N - regulatory (calculated) axial load for the highway, tons / axis;
a, B - the constant coefficients shown in Table 1.
4. The amount of harm caused by vehicles, when exceeding the values \u200b\u200bof permissible mass * calculated by the formula:
* - coefficient taking into account the relative cost of work on overhaul and repair depending on the location of the road in the Russian Federation, shown in Table 2;
* - the coefficient of influence of the vehicle mass depending on the location of the automotive road in the Russian Federation, shown in Table 2;
c, D - the constant coefficients shown in Table 1;
* - the excess of the actual mass of the vehicle above the permissible, interest;
Table 1
| Regulatory (calculated) axial load for the road, tons / axis | * rub. / 100 km | Permanent coefficients | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| but | B. | from | D. | |||
| 1. | 6 | 8500 | 7,3 | 0,27 | 7365 | 123,4 |
| 2. | 10 | 1840 | 37,7 | 2,4 | 7365 | 123,4 |
| 3. | 11,5 | 840 | 39,5 | 2,7 | 7365 | 123,4 |
table 2
| Federal District | * | * | * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| For federal road roads | For roads of regional, intermunicipal, local importance and private roads | |||
| Central | 2,07 | 1 | 1 | 0,285 |
| Northwestern | 2,14 | 1,07 | 1,148 | 0,294 |
| South | 1,65 | 0,96 | 1,103 | 0,342 |
| Volga | 1,67 | 0,94 | 0,76 | 0,353 |
| Uralsky | 2,1 | 1,03 | 0,662 | 0,348 |
| Siberian | 2,06 | 1,01 | 0,628 | 0,261 |
| Far Eastern | 2,14 | 1,35 | 0,708 | 0,665 |
| North Caucasian | 1,48 | 0,96 | 0,793 | 0,328"; |
b) the application to the resolution shall be amended as follows:
"Application
to the Government Decree
Russian Federation
of November 16, 2009 № 934
(as amended by the Resolution
Government of the Russian Federation
dated January 9, 2014 № 12)
Indicators
the amount of harm caused by vehicles carrying out the transport of heavy cargo when driving such vehicles on roads of federal significance
Table 1
The size
harm caused by vehicles carrying out the transport of heavy cargo when driving such vehicles on the automobile roads of the federal value, designed for the regulatory (calculated) axial load of 10 tons / axis, due to exceeding the permissible axial loads on each axis of the vehicle
| (100 km rubles) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federal District | ||||||||
| Central | Northwestern | South | Volga | Uralsky | Siberian | Far Eastern | North Caucasian | |
| To 10 | 2747 | 2386 | 1637 | 1520 | 2059 | 1963 | 2773 | 1387 |
| Over 10 to 20 | 4392 | 3815 | 2618 | 2430 | 3291 | 3139 | 4434 | 2218 |
| Over 20 to 30 | 7026 | 6102 | 4188 | 3887 | 5265 | 5021 | 7093 | 3548 |
| Over 30 to 40 | 10616 | 9221 | 6329 | 5874 | 7956 | 7587 | 10718 | 5361 |
| Over 40 to 50 | 15141 | 13152 | 9026 | 8377 | 11347 | 10821 | 15286 | 7646 |
| Over 50 to 60 | 20584 | 17879 | 12271 | 11389 | 15426 | 14711 | 20781 | 10395 |
| Over 60. | ||||||||
table 2
The size
harm caused by vehicles carrying out the carriage of heavy cargo when driving such vehicles on roads of federal significance, designed for a regulatory (calculated) axial load of 11.5 tons / axis, due to exceeding the permissible axial loads on each axis of the vehicle
| (100 km rubles) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excess permissible axial loads on the vehicle axis (percent) | Federal District | |||||||
| Central | Northwestern | South | Volga | Uralsky | Siberian | Far Eastern | North Caucasian | |
| To 10 | 1187 | 1031 | 708 | 657 | 890 | 849 | 1199 | 600 |
| Over 10 to 20 | 1720 | 1494 | 1026 | 952 | 1289 | 1230 | 1737 | 869 |
| Over 20 to 30 | 2574 | 2236 | 1534 | 1424 | 1929 | 1839 | 2599 | 1300 |
| Over 30 to 40 | 3737 | 3246 | 2228 | 2068 | 2801 | 2671 | 3773 | 1887 |
| Over 40 to 50 | 5204 | 4520 | 3102 | 2879 | 3900 | 3719 | 5253 | 2628 |
| Over 50 to 60 | 6967 | 6052 | 4153 | 3855 | 5221 | 4979 | 7034 | 3518 |
| Over 60. | Calculated by the formulas given in the method of calculating the amount of harm caused by vehicles carrying out the transport of heavy goods provided for by the application to the rules of compensation for harm caused by vehicles carrying out the transport of heavy cargo | |||||||
Note. During the period of temporary restrictions of the movement of vehicles on roads due to the adverse climatic conditions, the value of the harm size set in the present table is increased by 2.9 times.
Table 3.
The size
harm caused by vehicles transporting heavy cargoes when driving such vehicles on roads of federal significance due to exceeding the permissible mass of the vehicle
| (100 km rubles) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excess permissible mass (percent) | Federal District | |||||||
| Central | Northwestern | South | Volga | Uralsky | Siberian | Far Eastern | North Caucasian | |
| To 10 | 8599 | 10563 | 9105 | 6143 | 5863 | 5454 | 8219 | 6546 |
| Over 10 to 20 | 9833 | 12078 | 10412 | 7025 | 6705 | 6237 | 9398 | 7486 |
| Over 20 to 30 | 11067 | 13594 | 11719 | 7906 | 7546 | 7020 | 10578 | 8425 |
| Over 30 to 40 | 12301 | 15110 | 13025 | 8788 | 8388 | 7802 | 11757 | 9365 |
| Over 40 to 50 | 13535 | 16626 | 14332 | 9669 | 9229 | 8585 | 12937 | 10304 |
| Over 50 to 60 | 14769 | 18142 | 15639 | 10551 | 10070 | 9368 | 14116 | 11243 |
| Over 60. | Calculated by the formulas given in the method of calculating the amount of harm caused by vehicles carrying out the transport of heavy goods provided for by the application to the rules of compensation for harm caused by vehicles carrying out the transport of heavy cargo | |||||||
Note. When determining the amount of harm in accordance with Table 3 for roads of regional, intermunicipal, local and private roads, multiplied the value of the harm size to the coefficient K, the meanings of which are shown in Table 4.
Table 4.
2. In the rules for the carriage of goods by road, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 No. 272 \u200b\u200b"On Approval of Cargo Transport Rules by road" (Meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation, 2011, No. 17, Art. 2407; 2012, No. 10 , Art. 1223):
a) paragraph five of paragraph 5 shall be amended as follows:
"Heavy cargo - a cargo, the mass of which, taking into account the mass of the vehicle, exceeds the permissible masses of vehicles in accordance with Appendix No. 1 or permissible axial loads of vehicles in accordance with Appendix No. 2;";
b) paragraph 75 recognize the invalid strength;
c) Applications number 1 and 2 to the indicated rules shall be stated as follows:
"Appendix No. 1
to the rules of cargo transportation
by car
(as amended by the Resolution
Government of the Russian Federation
dated January 9, 2014 № 12)
Permissible vehicle masses
| Type of vehicle or combination of vehicles, quantity and location of the axes | Permissible mass of vehicle, tons |
|---|---|
| Single cars | |
| biaxial | 18 |
| Three-way | 25 |
| Four-axle | 32 |
| Five-axle | 35 |
| Motor track saddle and trailed | |
| Three-way | 28 |
| Four-axle | 36 |
| Five-axle | 40 |
| Six kind and more | 44 |
Appendix No. 2.
to the rules of cargo transportation
by car
(as amended by the Resolution
Government of the Russian Federation
dated January 9, 2014 № 12)
Permissible axial vehicle loads
| Distance between the front axles (meters) | Permissible axial loads of wheel vehicles depending on the regulatory (calculated) axial load (tons) and the number of wheels on the axis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| For auto mobile roads designed for an axial load of 6 tons / axis * | For auto-mobile roads designed for an axial load of 10 tons / axis | For automobile roads designed for axial load 11.5 tons / axis | ||
| Single axis | - | 5,5 (6) | 9 (10) | 10,5 (11,5) |
| Dual axles of trailers, semi-trailers, trucks, car tractors, truck tractors at a distance between the axes (load on the cart, the sum of the axial mass) | up to 1 (inclusive) | 8 (9) | 10 (11) | 11,5 (12,5) |
| from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive) | 90 (10) | 13 (14) | 14 (16) | |
| 10 (11) | 15 (16) | 17 (18) | ||
| from 1.8 and more | 11 (12) | 17 (18) | 18 (20) | |
| Stored axes of trailers, semi-trailers, trucks, car tractors, truck tractors at a distance between the axes (load on the cart, the sum of the axial mass) | up to 1 (inclusive) | 11 (12) | 15 (16,5) | 17 (18) |
| up to 1.3 (inclusive) | 12 (13,5) | 18 (19,5) | 20 (21) | |
| from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive) | 13,5 (15) | 21 (22,5**) | 23,5 (24) | |
| from 1.8 and more | 15 (16) | 22 (23) | 25 (26) | |
| Frightened axles of trucks, car tractors, saddle tractors, trailers and semi-trailers with the number of axes more than three when the axes (load on one axis) | up to 1 (inclusive) | 3,5 (4) | 5 (5,5) | 5,5 (6) |
| from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive) | 4 (4,5) | 6 (6,5) | 6,5 (7) | |
| from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive) | 4,5 (5) | 6,5 (7) | 7,5 (8) | |
| from 1.8 and more | 5 (5,5) | 7 (7,5) | 8,5 (9) | |
| Frightened axles of vehicles having on each axis of eight and more wheels (load on one axis) | up to 1 (inclusive) | 6 | 9,5 | 11 |
| from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive) | 6,5 | 10,5 | 12 | |
| from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive) | 7,5 | 12 | 14 | |
| from 1.8 and more | 8,5 | 13,5 | 16 | |
_____________________________
* In case of establishing the owner of the automotive road of the respective road signs and placement on its official website, the vehicle is permissible for the automotive road.
** For vehicles with single-sided wheels, equipped with a pneumatic and equivalent suspension.
Notes: 1. In brackets are values \u200b\u200bfor double-screw wheels, outside brackets - for single-sided.
2. Axis with single-sided and double-circuit wheels combined into a group of naked axes should be considered as an epipped axis with single-handed wheels, with the exception of a two-axis trolley with an unloaded axis.
3. For dual and built axes, structurally combined into a common trolley, the allowable axial load is determined by dividing the total load on the trolley to the appropriate number of axes.
4. A permissible axial load for a two-axis truck with an unloaded axis is taken equal to a ratio of 60 percent of the permissible load on a two-axis trolley for the drive axis and 40 percent for an unloaded axis. "
Overview of the document
The rules for compensation for harm caused by the vehicle carrying heavy loads are adjusted.
It is enshrined that in mind there is a vehicle (including a specialized and special) or a combination of vehicle (auto tray), the mass of which with a load or without cargo exceeds the permissible masses of TS and (or) permissible axial loads.
Mass, loads can be established by the rules for the carriage of goods by road, the decision on the temporary limitation of the TC movement on roads, prohibiting road signs 3.11 "Mass limit" and (or) 3.12 "Limiting the mass per axle of the vehicle."
Installed method for calculating the size of harm.
When calculating, the value of exceeding the values \u200b\u200bof permissible loads and mass, the type of road clothing, the value, as well as the location of the road in Russia is taken into account.
Indicators of harm size are set out in a new edition.
In general, the amendments will lead to an increase in the amount of compensation.
Also adjusted the rules for the carriage of goods by road.
They provide that divided goods are placed on the vehicle so that the total mass of the vehicle with the cargo does not exceed 40 tons. Delimible cargo on automobile trains in the composition of a 3-axis tractor and a 2- or 3-axis semi-trailer carrying a 40-foot container ISO, it is placed so that the total weight of the TC with the load does not exceed 44 tons, and the axial load did not exceed 11.5 tons.
Amendments, these norms are excluded.
Tables "Maximum permissible masses of vehicles" and "maximum permissible axial loads of vehicles" are set forth in the new edition.
The Russian government introduces countries on the roads automatic system Sighway control for heavy trucks. The operation of this system is still making the auto-barriers. In an interview, the Director General of the NEVA-Trailer company is a member of the Interdisciplinary Expert Council () Taras Koval, told about his vision to solve this problem and how foreign experience can help in this matter.
- Taras Ivanovich, on MES meeting you voiced our own vision of the solution to the issue of wigsabar control. Please tell us about the origins of this concept ...
- The topic of observance of weight and overall parameters is the main for trailers and body-building manufacturers. Problems of Russian weight limitations are familiar with me since the beginning of zero years - since work in international road haulage. At international checkpoints, weighing was almost always made. And not always our cars have successfully passed. Sometimes, even with weight of cargo in 20-21 tons, we fell to overload along the axes.
In 2013, the main office of Schwarzmüller received a request from HEINEKEN. One of the world leaders of the beer production worked on improving logistics efficiency in Eastern European countries and asked to make a proposal for semi-trailers who would have the maximum capacity for carrying capacity, subject to the Russian weight parameters and European packaging sizes.
But consulting with Austrian colleagues, we decided to try to calculate a special package of a three-axis curtain semi-trailer for russian market and geometry saddle tractorTo obtain the maximum load capacity, subject to the requirements of the Resolution of the Government of Russia No. 272.
- Why did not suit the equipment that Austrian and German carriers use?
- First, we were talking about the model Ultralight own weight of only 5200 kg. Secondly, when using such a semi-trailer with a truck tractor 4x2, a wheel base of 3600 mm and a total weight of a 40,000 kg load on the driving axis, 10600 kg is obtained (overload according to our rules by 600 kg), and the axial aggregates of the semi-trailer - 22600 kg ( Overload per 100 kg is included in the measurement error; slide 1.). With these values, the payload payload is almost 27,300 kg and it fully complies with the wigsabar rules of Austria, Germany and most EU countries.
Slide 1.
- Did you manage to create a complete set for Russia?
- by a mass of options for changing the location of the axial units and the requirements for the saddle tractor, the Austrian constructors came to the conclusion: we will not be able to create a road train, which in uniform loading will not exceed the allowed axial restrictions and have full mass More than 39.5-39.6 tons. When using the European configuration and a truck tractor with a base of 3900 mm, it is possible to reach the total mass of 39.3 tons with a payload of almost 26 tons, not exceeding axial loads. The carriage rates in Russia are relatively low, therefore the cost of manufacturing a semi-trailer modification specifically for Russia for Russia for 200-300 kg is economically unjustified.
- In my opinion, 26 T is a good indicator. Basically ship by 20-21 tons. Why is it still a question of the axial load causes such a storm of emotions? Maybe you do not show the carriers possible design solutions?
- copies of the problem of weighing restrictions is broken. With a different proportion of success in the past two years, a lot of them say about them. But, apparently, only the introduction of automatic weight controls with high penalties and the inability to negotiate "on the spot" forced the carrier community to seriously think about the solution of the problem.
From the very first meeting of the MES held in January 2017, we are discussing the weight problem every time. At the same time, we introduce important, but in general, small changes in the "patchwork blanket" of decisions No. 272. And problems in its execution were as well as remain. Sometimes it seems to me that all these endless corrections are similar to the installation of nodes and aggregates from modern car In the design of the car of the 1960s.
And the impetus for my current speech at the meeting was the preceding discussion in the narrow group of members of the MESOP of the urvere problems with the introduction of systems automatic control. With a report on this topic, Olga Fedotkin was supposed to be. But after reading once again a large list of amendments, I could not stand and offered my concept based on European experience.
Taking this opportunity, I want to say Olga Many thanks for the agreement to make a joint report and to push out the characteristics of the rolling stock used as a starting point of the material. This question is closely intertwined with the safety of road traffic and the safety of goods during the transportation proposed by the famous surveyor Anatoly Shmelev.
The main part of the cargo rolling stock used today in Russia is certified by European standards, which are very close to Russian. But at the same time we have a problem with fines for violation of axial restrictions, and in Europe it is minimal.
Slide 2.
It's time to answer the second part of your question. Any unit of cargo rolling stock has a piece of technical load permissible or download distribution plan. If you look at such a plan for the Kögel semi-trailer ( slide 2.), then we will see the four main lines. This is a limitation of a permissible load on the saddle device (1), limiting the permissible total weight of TC (2), limiting the load on axial units (3) and limiting the minimum load on the driving axis of 20% (4).
This epura is built on permissible technical stages. My sentence is to try to draw the Eppure on the basis of the loads permitted in Russia - for some reason caused fierce resistance from some MES members. Apparently, they are satisfied with today's position ...
- Your report also attended the download plan for single trucks ...
- Indeed. On the plan ( slide 3.) For single trucks, the right side of the plot shows the minimum load on the steering axis. With its insufficient loading, there is a shortage of friction force between wheels and expensive. To send the car in a turn without lateral injection in this case it becomes problematic.
Slide 3.
When loading heterogeneous freights, the center of gravity can shift ( slide 4.). If the specified example of gravity is located at a distance of 2.56 m from the front wall, the load distribution plan allows for only 8 tons instead of the necessary 10 tons.
Slide 4.
- But in such a situation, the load can be moved away from the front wall?
- You're right. However, in this connection, a number of problems arise. If necessary, the accommodation of cargo is not close to the front wall, additional means of fixing the cargo are needed - from shifting forward with sharp braking. With our ugly level of understanding and executing the rules for fastening of goods, packaging and in general, the preparation of goods to shipment occurs serious problems. Sometimes with death ( see photo below).
Slide 5.
And when legislation is added to the physic and technical problems - in the form of imposition of unreasonable axial restrictions, the situation in compliance with the necessary requirements becomes a catastrophic. In order to avoid overload over the axes, it is necessary to shorten the car more than 10% and expand the cargo in various intricate combinations in attempts to unload the leading axis of the tractor ( slide 5.). And nevertheless, the cargo still falls and the goods will deteriorate!
- Your colleagues told that there is softwareallowing you to simplify the process of proper loading.
- Indeed, there is a software that helps and allows you to effectively place the cargo. For the correct operation of such a program, we need to weigh each cargo place and determine the center of gravity. Then, when loading is clearly placing the pallets along the plan drawn up.
But it takes a large number of extra time and human resources. The presence of these factors leads to the rise in the cost of logistics and the cost of goods. With the restrictions operating in Russia, the weight of one pallet is on average lower than in Europe. It is also one of the items of the cost of logistics.
The option of installing test scales for each cost-effectiveness is about the same. To the question of who pay the carrier working time, additionally spent on the departures on the scales, and to return to the ramp in case of exceeding the axial loads, and to reboot, there is no answer. Many do not even understand at all that the loss of carrier time is really a problem. When calculating idle time, in the absence of control of the labor and recreation of the driver, an additional hour or two idle time is an work situation. And all these "exercises" - because of the existing illogical rules.
Slide 6.
- If the transportation of general cargoes by the automotive in the composition of a two-axis truck tractor and a three-axle semi-trailer with a length of 13.6 m is associated with the excess of the load on the presenter bridge, then why not use a three-axle tractor?
- That is what the road builders are offered ( slide 6.). 6x4 wheeled mills are heavier than 1,400 kg, has more than 4 wheels more, fuel consumption is greater, fuel tanks Less, reversal radius. The cost of such a tractor is higher, from 800 thousand rubles. In addition, the front part of the semi-trailer frame must have a longer area with a minimum spar height.
Slide 7.
This requires its local strengthening and higher cost of value. Operational costs and initial cost of the 3 + 3 road train above, and environmental friendliness is lower. And all because of the axial restrictions. The coupling "3 + 3" for today's rules may carry 44 tons ( slide 7.). But in this situation, with uniform loading, it turns out overload on axial units. There is a need to ship unevenly, loading more front part.
- What is the situation in transportation bulk cargo?
- the dump truck has a semi-trailer up to 10 m long, so it has a problem with the overloading of the axial aggregate ( slide 8.). The saddle-coupling device can be shifted forward, moved the load from the axial unit of the semi-trailer to the steering axis of the tractor. This is how they did for the famous road construction company. But automatic weight control revealed an unexpected problem. The distance between the leading axis of the tractor and the first axis of the semi-trailer was less than 2.5 m. When driving an automatic weight control point, the system determined a group of four pinned axes. Instead of a permissible load of 10 tons, the leading axis gave seven, fixing "overload" more than 30%. Resolution No. 272 \u200b\u200bdoes not directly indicate the distance between the axes of the two vehicles. The trial of the carrier and Rostransnadzor continues.
Slide 8.
- In St. Petersburg, history continues with the control of weight dimensions. When can it be argued that overload overlaps?
- Indeed, with the participation of NP "Gruzavtotrans" and controlling bodies, an attempt is attempting to bring carriers and shippers to work within the permissible dimensions. Before the control, the situation with overload was catastrophic ( slide 9.). Standards exceeded by 30-80%! In the picture from the site of the dump trucks, loads with a semi-trailer with a capacity of 28m 3 are presented.
Slide 9.
In practice, semi-trailers with bodies and 34m 3 work. Loads are even higher. If you make a package of a dump truck for working without overload in the composition of the saddle tractor with the wheel formula 6x4 and the three-axis semi-trailer, then the axial loads will look like this ( slide 10.).
Slide 10.
Now compare these two road trains ( slide 11.). The operating costs and the cost of a five-way road train are noticeably lower compared to the six-axle. At the same time, the latter can carry only one ton more. As soon as the trailed manufacturers feel the steady demand for dumping semi-trailers in the European configuration - with a body capacity up to 24m 3, then it can be argued that overload overlaps. As long as the six-axle dump trucks contribute to the overload.
Slide 11.
- How are things with solitary dump trucks?
- on the ravine of a four-axle dump truck with 8x4 wheeled formula ( slide 12.) It is clearly visible absurd of our restrictions. On a group of front steering axes with a single Oshinovka and the mid-scene distance in this case 1940 mm Allowed a load in 17 tons. In practice, more than 13 t download difficult. To the rear dual leading axes in the presence of double-sized and with an inter-axis distance of 1350 mm, only 16 tons is allowed. Download until full mass without disrupting axial restrictions is impossible. Losses make up more than 10%.
Slide 12.
- In your report, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe "careful approach" was sounded to the full mass of the road train at 44 tons. Explain, please, more, with what is it connected with?
- In the question of increasing the full mass of cars and road trains there are two key points. Historically, in Russia, weight loads is the limitation of the wheel effect on the road to reduce its destruction. In fact, weight limitations are one of the main regulators of the country's transport system.
The technological capabilities of modern trucks make it possible to carry significantly more norms. Some countries, such as Finland, Sweden, Australia, significantly increase the solid mass of multi-part road trains. And the Netherlands is also allowed axial load. With a poorly developed railway network and inland water transport problems, as well as in places with low population density, this approach is justified. In other cases, increased regulations lead to the flow of cargo traffic on vehicles. Examples of flowing flow under the total mass change were in the history of Germany. In my opinion, an increase in Russia's full mass of road trains to 44 tons is a mistake.
On the other hand, without increasing the full mass of up to 44 tons in a number of transportation, significantly affecting the work of other types of transport and a number of industries, not to do. This is primarily container shipping and transportation of forest. With the mass of the gross container 32 tons and its own mass of the road train in 12 t, it remains in the permissible parameters.
The second nuance concerns the ratios of full mass and axial loads to comply with road safety and the possibility of manipulation with axial loads.
Slide 13.
In the report, I showed a slide ( slide 13.) Transportation on trawl trawls weighing 28.3 tons. It has a displaced center of gravity, so when setting on a trawl or rear, axial loads are significantly changed. After the introduction of the allowed full mass for six-axle road trains in 44 tons, we received a request from the carrier to create a road train consisting of a two-axis traveler and four-axis semi-trawl. In the picture - three-axis, but it is now about the minimum load on the leading axis of the tractor. To bring in motion of the road train, the load on the driving axis should be sufficient so that the wheel does not break into the UZ. Compliance with the minimum load is important when driving on the rotations on the descent to prevent the "folding of the road train".
In Europe, the minimum load on the driving axis should not be below 25% of the total mass. As can be seen from the picture, with any location of the road cutter and the total mass of the road train in 44 tons the load on the leading axis below 25%. For Russia with frequent sophisticated weather conditions, the requirement for minimal loading of the leading axis is particularly relevant.
Maxim, we do not communicate with you. Can I ask you a counter question?
– An unexpected move ...
- What kind of technical solution will be out of this situation?
- remembering the plot of loads, the load must be moved forward, but ...
- You have the right course of thought. If you move forward in any way, then apply a sliding semi-trailer withdrawing axial units back. In Russia, do not think about it.
- What manipulations can be at 44 tons of full mass on a six-axle road trip?
- on the one hand, at 44 tons there is a need to increase the load limit on the three-axis axial unit with pan-European 24 to 27 tons. We still have 22.5 tons. On the other - the combination of container friendly "3 + 3", especially when planned A significant increase in the utilization fee for tractors with a complete mass of more than 20 tons, more expensive than "2 + 4", and heavier. To avoid overload on the semi-trailer, the carriers of the containers began to use a semi-trailer with four spaced axes ( slide 14.). Even a person far from vehicles is clear that with this arrangement of the axes not to turn, but and it is difficult to ride. During the passage of the weight control, the first in the course of the movement axis of the semi-trailer is lowered and all axes correspond to regulatory loads. In the transport position, the axis rises to the drive wheels of the tractor, there may be a load of even more than 12 tons, and on three axial semi-trailer aggregates - 26 tons. I do not understand who we are deceiving, tolerance of this type of construction?
Slide 14.
A story about problems due to existing weight restrictions may be infinite. In each type of transport they are their own.
- How do you see the way out of the situation?
- Prevent it easier to treat. Rules that are easy to observe is a solution to the problem. The system of wigsabarit parameters must match the simple formula for any car design and road train ( slide 15.): 7.5 t plus the amount of restrictions on all axes, except the steering, should be more full mass by 5-8%. Then the ability to shift the center of severity of the cargo without prejudice to road safety. The process of loading and fixing the cargo will noticeably simplify. Control will actually become full mass. The eigen mass of vehicles is known and recorded in the certificate of registration of the car, the mass of the goods is in the commodity and transport invoice. Their amount should not exceed the full mass. High penalty for unreliable declaration. Violating axial parameters will be much more complicated.
Slide 15.
- What prevents the implementation of this idea?
- First of all, it is necessary to introduce restrictions on the leading axis of a car having two-screw wheels and a pneumatic suspension, at 11.5 tons for all roads, for which the movement of trucks is allowed.
- And here we rest in the category of road ...
- You are absolutely right. Before the introduction of the Plato system, I had to dream about this idea. Speech by Maxim Sokolov's minister with shocking, at first glance, the difference in exposure to the road between a passenger and truck in 60 thousand times forced to search the source of the information and suggested the solution to the problem.
In my opinion, the main problem Lies in the wrong fundamental approach of Soviet, and now Russian road science. The very concept "for roadways designed for axial load" causes questions. How exactly is it calculated? How are oversized transportation take into account? How is the traffic intensity take into account? According to the country road with a thickness of the asphalt 3 cm with a minimum road shirt, if it can be called it, dump trucks are often passing out, about which we previously spoke, and the same cars with building materials. The road holds over 10 years.
Skandinavia and Sortavala highways under Peter have tremendous overload from dump trucks and forest carriers. Seeing the caravan of dump trucks with overloading on "Scandinavia", my German colleagues were shocked. "Do you have a bad road building?! Introducing the state of German autobans while moving the caravans with such overload. "
Slide 16.
Much more logical and clearer the main characteristic, adopted in Germany and a number of other countries. This is the load intensity. Roads are divided into building classes ( slide 16.). The load intensity depends on the impact of the amount of axes, the ratio of the 10-ton equivalent of the axial load to the actual axial load, the number of lanes, the strip width, the longitudinal relief of the road and the annual increase in traffic. And also from temporary factors: the durability of the road, the number of days of operation in the year and the amount of thawing.
Since the time is inexorable goes to the "cherished" date, April 01, and no positive news from the Ministry of Economic Development This year, unlike last year there is no, then you need to prepare for the seasonal spring closure of 2014 roads.
I have already spoken about it a little earlier, because the draft order of Rosavtodor was published. It contains roads that close in certain times, the list also has on my site. But after all, no one closes the roads, we just say so.
How to calculate the load on the Osin of these roads, restrictions on the permissible load on each axis of the vehicle are introduced. This is the introduction of a load limit on the axle of the truck and there is what we call "the closure of the road to dry".
How to calculate the allowed, or real load on the vehicle axis? There is one simple, folk, but quite an approximate technique, which allows you to more or less estimate the maximum permissible loads on the axis of the vehicle. I was seen from the creator and the ideological inspirer of the site Transport-KTG. On their website, you can accurately calculate the load on the axis for specific models Automan and trailers, ask other questions and, most importantly, get answers qualified for them.
Approximate calculation of the load on the vehicle axis
Let there be a three-axis tractor + three-axle trailer (total axes 3 + 3 \u003d 6). It is necessary to carry a load of 20 tons.
We solve the task: the axis of the road train?
Lyrical digression: Well, to be honest, the most correct and "accurate" calculation of loads on the axis of the vehicle carrier will produce in the first post of weight control. There are the most correct techniques and the most accurate numbers of loads on the axis of the road train.
And with them, most importantly, you will not argue. Rather, it is possible, but only in the arbitration court. Here, for example, I recently opened a post of weight control on Kola.
We proceed to solving the transport task ....
- First, we look at the certificate of registration of a car and trailer and we will find out the masses of the MAM machines and the MPR trailer (let it be, for example, Mam \u003d 8 tons, MPR \u003d 10 t). It is desirable, of course, to know real weights, and not that written.
- Then we learn exact weight of the cargo being transported (not what is written in TTN, but the weight of the actual cargo being transported). It will be a mass of cargo MGR \u003d 20 T (this is also for example)
- Calculate 75% of (MPR + \u003d (MPR + MGR) * 0.75 \u003d (10 + 20) * 0.75 \u003d 22.5 t
- Calculate the load on all trailer axes: trailer \u003d load on the trailer / number axes on the trailer 22.5 / 3 \u003d 7.5 t for each axis car. To do this, we find out what load falls on the car itself. And it accounts for the remaining 25% of from (MPR + MGR), and the mass itself itself. \u003d (MPR + MM) * 0.25 + MAM \u003d (10 + 20) * 0.25 + 8 \u003d 15.5 t
- Calculate the load on the rear axles of the car, it will be 75% of the load axis load \u003d 15.5 × 0.75 / 2 \u003d 5.8 t The axis of the car. This is what remains from the load axis \u003d 15.5 - 5.8 × 2 \u003d 3.9 t
And, as a result of all these calculations, we get such a picture of maximum loads on the axis of the road train:
3.9 + 5.8 + 5.8 + 7.5 + 7.5 + 7.5
I do not guarantee that this calculation is faithful, it gives an approximate understanding of the distribution of loads on the axes. It is better so than in any way.
Well, what is real in life, so it will only say the post of weight control.
After all, all these loads on the axis of the car depends on so many parameters! As the fingers in all hands do not have enough to recalculate them.
Good luck on the road! And smaller transcets and promises on the road!
