In the automotive sphere and everything that is connected with this area, 2 such basic concepts are used as the oven weight of the car and the full mass of the machine. These two characteristics are those on the theoretical classes passing in the automotive school, they are definitely talking. Nevertheless, many, even very experienced, drivers do not know or just forgotten what lies under this terminology.
What is the cutting mass of the car
The cutting mass of the car is common, i.e. The cumulative mass of the machine with a set of standard equipment, all its operational consumables, which are necessary (for example, coolant and engine oil), fully refilled by automotive fuel tank, weight of the driver, but without weight of cargo and passenger weight.What is the full mass of the machine
Full mass The car, or, as it is also called, a complete allowed mass is a mass of a machine that is the maximum permissible and includes: the weight of the driver, the weight of passengers, the mass of the entire oven car, as well as the mass of the cargo that is transported by the machine.
What is the difference between the oven and the full mass of the car
If you understand, in contractions of these two concepts, the case is that it is exactly and summarizes in the overall mass rate. Unlike the indicator of the curb weight of the car, the driver's weight of the driver, and the weight of the car passengers, and the mass of those cargo that are in it are still taken into account (transported).
Absolutely natural is that people are all different - each person has a different weight. The same refer to the baggage of the car - some drivers can "sharpen" the car so that it cannot be shifted from the place, and some are more careful and transported goods within reason. In connection with this most often among motorists, such a concept is applied as "permissible full mass of the machine." Each car has its own highest solvable mark, it all depends on the manufacturer's company, the materials that were used in the process of producing the machine, as well as the structure of the automotive body and other carrier parts of the machine. It is important not to upload own car So that this indicator is exceeded. If this does not adhere to this, then gradually during the operation of the car will be deformed its body, bridge systems, as well as many other details that are fixed to the car suspension. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that with a complete circle mass of the car, it will absorb significantly more.
A passenger car - a car designed to transport passengers and baggage, with a capacity of 2 to 8 people. With more seats for passengers, the car is considered a bus (minibus). The first car was created in 1876.
Classification of passenger cars
I would like to note that the classification of passenger cars as a class of wheel vehicles and inside this class, in itself is sufficiently conditional: some cars can be "transition" between classes, and even on all signs to relate to two or more classes at the same time .
In addition, the classes themselves change their definition, car size, and so on. It is best illustrated by the constant physical growth of the same model line. For example, the BMW of the 3rd series, debuting as a very compact car, so far has grown so much that caused the 1st series BMW to life.
In addition, the classification of cars is highly dependent on the characteristics of the country's legislation. For example, in Russia, cars related to the class of passenger mass cannot have more than 3,500 kg, and in the USA - 8,600 pounds (3904 kg); In Germany, a passenger car with a "wagon" or "hatchback" body, subject to dismantling the rear seats and belts and paint the rear side glasses can be registered as a truck; In the United States for a long time, all motor-SUVs were considered "TRUCK" (truck), regardless of mass and size; Customs rules of the Russian Federation require that the imported car with a maximum allowed weight of up to 3,500 kg was registered as a truck - if the mass of the useful cargo exceeds the mass of passengers and the driver (75 kg per place), and passenger - if the mass of the driver and passengers exceeds the allowable weight of the useful load ; etc.
Cars by classes
- Class A. 3-door and 5-door hatchback. Little dimensions - length - no more than 3,600, width - no more than 1520
- Class B.3- and 5-door hatchbacks, less often sedans, length 3500-3900, width 1520-1630
- Class C.Hatchback, sedan, wagon or control. Length 3.9 - 4.4m. Width 1.6 - 1.75m
- Class D.Hatchback, sedan, wagon and universal enhanced capacity. Length 4.4 - 4.7m. Width 1.7 - 1.8m
- Class E.Sedans and wagons. Length more than 4.6m. Width more than 1.7 m
- Class F.Sedans, limousines. Length more than 4.6m. Width more than 1.7 m
- Minivans and high capacity cars. Hatchback, sedan, wagon or control
- SUV. 3- or 5-door universals, less often with removable soft riding. Capacity - from 4 to 9 seats. Purpose is quite universal, although it can be very specific.
- Coupe. Coupe with a capacity of 2 or 4 seats
- With an open body. Converts, Roadsters and Spiders
In these realities, you can also classify passenger cars for appointment.
"Passenger passenger". Designed for the transport of passengers and / or a small amount of cargo on roads with an improved coating. Increased crossings do not possess (even if there is a full drive!), Congress from the road or overcoming a small fusion can be carried out exclusively "for fear and risk" driver. The subclass of "passenger passenger cars" are "sports cars".
These cars are not cars intended for racing, but are designed to deliver high pleasure from managing their owner. The range of "sporting" solutions can begin with the installation by the manufacturer of the "sports kit" on the ordinary model (for example, Chevrolet Lacetti. WTCC, Opel Vectra OPC-Line), and ending with the release of highly dynamic models (Honda NSX, Chevrolet Corvette, Lamborgini Murcelado ...) - "SUVs".
This class of cars can be operated under the conditions of real off-road and constructively to this is adapted. - Popular now class "crossovers" (they are "PARKTERS") is intermediate between passenger and SUVs.
These cars have patency, elevated relative to the "passenger passenger cars", but do not have a complete set of off-road qualities and do not allow to overcome serious off-road. - "Commercial" cars are often created on the basis of "passenger cars", but at the same time are intended mainly for the transport of small batches of goods in the interests of the business, and not only.
It is interesting that there is a "return" to the function of the passenger car: for example, on the basis of the popular Opel Corsa, the Opel Combo cargo van, in which the volume of the front seats is organized by the volume of about 3m3 for cargo, and immediately the Opel Combo Tour is offered, where in the spacious Formerly, passenger seats are installed compartment. From the purely "passenger passenger" progenitor, such a car (like many competitors) is characterized by a much more spacious interior and high ceiling.
Other classification passenger cars
G1 - Kupe
G2 - Premium coupe
H1 - Cabripes and Roadsters
H2 - Premium Convertibles and Roadsters
I - Universals of increased passability
K1 - Light SUVs
K2 - Medium SUV
K3 - Heavy SUVs
K4 - Picaps
L - minivans
M - Small Commercial
To passenger cars include passenger cars With a capacity of up to 8 people, including the driver.
Cars are classified by appointment, by classes, in general layout, by type of body.
For the purpose of passenger cars are divided into general-purpose cars and cars increased passibility. Appointment depends on the possibility of this model to move in various road conditions.
General-purpose cars are designed to move on roads of various categories, mainly by road. General destination cars include cars "VAZ", GAZ, KIA, "Volga" and others.
Cars of increased passability can move away, are intended for operation not only on roads with a solid coating, but also in roads off-road. Cars "Niva", "UAZ" include industrial cars.
Depending on the overall layout, domestic cars are divided into rear-wheel drive (classical layout), front-wheel drive and all-wheel drive
The classic layout scheme involves the location of the engine over the axis of the front wheels. Wheel formula of such cars: 4x2. The drive to the drive wheels of the rear axle is carried out by means of a cardan shaft. For example: VAZ-2107 "Lada", GAZ-3110 "Volga".
Front-wheel drive scheme The layouts became known in our country relatively recently. According to this scheme, the engine and transmission are arranged directly above the front axle, representing a common power unit with a torque output to the front wheels. The entire node is compact in the front of the body. Wheel formula: 2x4. Examples: VAZ-2170 "Priora", KAMAZ-11113 "Oka". All-wheel drive layout layout "involves the location of the engine and the drive to the rear axle in the same way classic scheme, and for the drive of the front axle are provided transfer case, inter-axis differential and second cardan shaft. Examples: "Chevrolet - Niva", UAZ HUNTER.
In the number of compartments in the body, domestic cars are divided into two-volume (VAZ-2120 "Nadezhda", VAZ-2111 "Lada", BA3-21093 "Samara") and three-volume (GAZ-3102 "Volga", VAZ-2115 "Samara") .
The class of the car depends on the working volume of the engine cylinders, expressed in liters and from its mass in a non-taxable state. Limit grades are shown in Table.
Division of passenger cars in classes
European classification of passenger cars
Cars of particularly small class are designed for 4 people, the rest of the models are 5 people.
By type of body, modern domestic cars can have body type: sedan, hatchback, wagon, pickup and van.
The basic models of passenger cars are assigned a four-digit index in which the first digit indicates the class of the car, the second is the type of car, and the third and
the fourth point to the number of his model. To indicate modifications basic models Extra numbers can be added to the index.
The full designation of the model includes the abbreviated name of the manufacturer.
For example: VAZ-21109 "Consul", where VAZ is a Volga automotive plant; 2 - car class; 1 - type (passenger); 10 - the number of the basic model; 9 - Modification number (4-seater limousine) "Consul" - trademark.
Very often in the automotive world you can meet two terms, which relate to the mass of the car - this is the cutting mass of the car and its permissible full weight. What is this mass and, as they say, with what they eat them, it was described in detail in a driving school. However, over time, all concepts are forgotten, and confusion begins. Arrange everything to our place, explaining what is the cutting lot of the car, my today's article will help.
I will start with the fact that the mass of the car's mass is one of the fuel defining in the flow rate of the car and some other car characteristics, and also have a significant impact on the operation of many systems of the machine. And find the values \u200b\u200bof the curb weight of the car you can easily technical characteristicsoh model of your car, as well as in its vehicle.
In general, curb weight car - This is the mass of the car without driver and passengers, but includes its standard equipment, consumables, for example, engine oil, engine cooling fluid, and also turns on it full tank Fuel.
It is necessary to distinguish the curb weight of the car from the full allowable and dry mass. Dry mass of car less cutting on the magnitude of the fuel supplies and some equipment. In other words, it is the mass of a non-accidental and not refilled machine.
Permissible - It is covered by manufacturers the mass of the maximum loaded car. It is often referred to as the maximum mass allowed. If you want your car for a long time to serve for a long time, then this indicator is better not to exceed, because the excess overload negatively affects the car body and the parts of the suspension.
Functional properties determine what basic need and which method is satisfying this or that vehicle. Personal use vehicles perform a dual function. On the one hand, they satisfy the material needs of the population associated with the transport of passengers and goods. On the other hand, vehicles belong to the cultural and domestic goods, as they satisfy the spiritual needs of people in the sense of high speeds and in sports achievements. The transport functions as the means of transportation are determined by its passenger capacity, carrying capacity, permeability, maneuverability, adaptability to launch during the cold season, the magnitude of the mileage at full gas tank refueling. Some of these properties are the defining vehicle for social purpose.
If we consider vehicles as a sports inventory, then their initiousness can be attributed to the most important functional properties, maximum speedwhich they can develop on a given distance, engine power, operational cylinders.
Pilotiness (dynamic)- the ability of a vehicle to intensive acceleration from the scene. Dynamic refers to complex indicators and depends on both the power of the engine and the mass of the vehicle and the ratio of gear ratios in the gearbox. The greater the power and less weight of the TC, the higher the pickup.
An indicator of the pickup is the time of acceleration of the vehicle to a certain speed (motorcycle - up to 60 km / h, the car is up to 100 km / h). W. domestic cars The pickup is - 10-14 s, in powerful foreign models - 7 s, sports cars Masteriness reaches 4 s.
Vehicle pickup is of great importance in conditions of intensive movement, when it takes to quickly overtake the running transport, as well as in off-road conditions, when you often slow down and recruit the speed again.
The engine power depends on its working volume and is expressed in horsepower or kW (1 kW \u003d 1.353 l. p.).
Curb weight carit is defined as the mass of fully refilled (fuel, oil, coolant, etc.) and equipped (spare wheel, tool, etc.) of the car, but without passengers, the driver and their luggage.
Car designers use all the possibilities to reduce the mass of the car. Steel and cast iron parts are replaced with details from aluminum and magnesium alloys, titanium, and plastics, solid parts - tubular and hollow.
A sharp decline in the mass of cars occurred after the recompositions of them into the front-wheel drive, since they do not have a heavy rear axle and cardan transmission.
Full weight of the vehicle It consists of a cutting mass, cargo mass, driver and passengers and their baggage. The estimated mass of one passenger is 70 kg, and baggage per passenger is 10 kg.
Patency. Under the passability, the adaptability of the vehicle for riding on the roads without solid coating, as well as in various weather.
The cargo of the vehicle depends on the engine power, the size of the road lumen, the base and widths of the wheels, the number of driving wheels, the width of the tread and the depth of its pattern. A significant increase in car's passability is achieved if it has the leading not only rear, but also the front wheels. When driving in heavy road conditions (dirt, sand), the driver can supply torque from the gearbox not only to the rear, but also to the front wheels.
Ground clearance TC.Road clearance (clearance) is determined at the height of the lowest point of the TC to the roadway. Road clearance characterizes the capacity of the vehicle to move various obstacles: rails, logs, etc.
Under the base TC, it is customary to understand the distance between the centers of the axes of its wheels in millimeters. What it is shorter, the higher the vehicle's passability, but below the road stability, especially for bicycles and motorcycles.
The diameter of the wheels determines their ability to overeat minor irregularities on the road surface, thereby reducing the vibration of the chassis.
The tire tread width determines the sand and dirt. The wider tires, the greater the area of \u200b\u200bthe support, the smaller the pressure on each square centimeter of the support area, the higher the suspension of soft road covering.
The depth of the tread pattern determines the best grip with the soil, so the more, the higher the passability.
The ability to achieve the maximum permissible speed depends on both the engine power and the value of the general gear ratio At the highest (usually 4th and 5th) gear. According to the rules road, in settlements The speed should not exceed 60 km / h, and often 40 km / h, the speed of 80-90 km / h is allowed on most country roads and only on a few high-speed roads - 110 km / h. Modern personal customers allow you to develop speed more than 160 km / h. This car property is very important for overtaking at high speeds and short distances.
It should be noted that the speed of the car is reduced if its tires have a greater width and deep protector.
Maneuverability - The capacity of the vehicle is unfolded in narrow places. This indicator is especially important when driving on the parking lot between closely standing carsWhen arriving in the garage, on steep turns. The maneuverability indicator is the magnitude of the radius of the coolest rotation (in m), which can make a car. In passenger cars, the rotation radius is 5-6 m, and than it is less, the maneuvering car.
Fuel consumption per 100 km The paths characterizes efficiency and depends on the design and quality of the manufacture of the engine and the chassis of the vehicle. In the domestic motorotechnics, fuel consumption per 100 km of way ranges from 2 liters of mopeds to 8 ~ 10 liters in heavy motorcycles, for passenger cars, fuel consumption ranges from 4 to 16 liters. The fuel control consumption should be distinguished, which is indicated in the TC passports, and the operational fuel consumption. Control flow is determined when driving roven road at a speed of 60 km / h. Operational consumption is usually 10-15% higher than the control.
Mileage on full gas tank dressing Depends on the tank capacity and operational fuel consumption per 100 km of way. Balan tank modern cars It is 30-50 h, which, with operational fuel consumption of 8-10 liters per 100 km, is enough for a run of 300-600 km.
Braking distances - This is the distance in meters, passing by the CU from the start of braking with the agreed speed until its stopping stop.
The car along with the full trunk and the maximum number of passengers (provided by the design).
In other words, this is the maximum allowable weight of the car. Referring from the full mass is equipped, you can get a loading capacity of your car.
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Watch what is a "full mass of the car" in other dictionaries:
Full mass of the car - 3.12. The total mass of the car is the amount of the cutting mass of the car and the combat calculation transported by them, including the driver, the AV, the fire and technical weapons declared by the company by the manufacturer of the PA in regulatory technical documentation. A source:… …
full mass - 3.29. Full weight: Mass al in a fully refilled state, equipped with firefly with technical weapons (PTV), a tool and a spare wheel with a combat calculation and driver. Source: GOST R 52284 2004: Fire autoolesalers. General… … Dictionary directory terms of regulatory and technical documentation
The amount of the curb weight of the PA and the personal composition of the combat calculation, fire extinguishes, PTV, declared by the company by the manufacturer of PA in ND. Source: GOST R 12.2.144 2005 EDWART. Dictionary of terms and definitions by means of security and ... ... Dictionary rapid situations
Full mass of PA - 2.33. The total mass of the total vehicle of the car and the combat calculation transported by them, including the driver, fire extinguishes, fire and the technical weapon, declared by the enterprise by the manufacturer of the fire car in normatively ... ... Dictionary directory terms of regulatory and technical documentation
full mass of fire car - 3.9. Full mass of the fire truck: the amount of the exercise mass of the PA and the personal composition of the combat calculation, fire extinguishes, PTV, declared by the company by the manufacturer of PA in ND. Source: GOST R 12.2.144 2005 ... Dictionary directory terms of regulatory and technical documentation
Car for passenger cars Mass of the equipped car (with refueling fuel, oil and water and equipment with a spare wheel, tool) with a driver, passengers and a cargo (from the calculation of 10 kg per place); For the rest of the car ... ... Big Encyclopedic Polytechnic Dictionary
Fire car mass full - Full mass of the firefighter: the amount of the circular mass of P and the personal composition of combat calculation, fire extinguishes, PTV, declared by the manufacturer PA in ND ...
There is a dry, equipped and permissible full mass of the car. This indicator directly depends on the carrying capacity and size of the car. Quite often, these indicators differ at 300-700 kg or even more. And if the dry weight is the weight of the car without any additions (even without oil in the motor), then the cutting mass reflects the weight of the vehicle fully ready for operation.
The cutting mass of the car takes into account the weight of the equipment necessary for the operation (tools, spare wheels), as well as the mass of all consumables (fuel, oil, etc.), but does not take into account the weight of passengers, the driver and the mass of the cargo.
Than cutting mass differs from dry mass
Some drivers do not understand why you need to know the equipped either another mass of the car, and this is very important informationwhich you need to know. There are two concepts that characterize the mass of the car - the permissible full mass and the oven. It is worth noting that these characteristics are priority for some indicators, for example, fuel consumption. In addition, they affect the functioning of various vehicle systems.
Curb mass includes such indicators as weight:
- Car.
- Various lubricants technical fluids, fuel tank (full).
- Standard equipment required to operate the vehicle (lift, spare wheel, fire extinguisher, regular set of tools and keys, medical first aid kit).
- Driver (the weight of 75 kg is taken into account).
The values \u200b\u200bof such a mass of the car are indicated in the vehicle or the technical characteristics of a particular model.
In addition to the cutting mass of the machine there is still dry and permissible complete. Dry mass is equipped with curved, but without some equipment, fuel in the tank and consumables. In other words, this is the mass of unsearched cars only without fuel.
The concept of "permissible full mass of the car" means the maximum loaded mass of the car provided by the manufacturer. It is also sometimes called the most allowed or maximum permissible. Referring from the total mass of the car is equipped, you can find out the car carrying capacity. Accordingly, the full mass of the machine is always more equipped and all the more dry.
All elements of the car are calculated and after which they are manufactured with some safety margin. Everyone knows that the excess of the loading of the car significantly worsens the efficiency of braking and traction characteristics, as well as directly affect safety.
That is why automakers indicate in the vehicle documents full allowed mass, which is maximum permissible.
The full mass of the car is, in fact, the hypothetical indicator, which varies from the weight of passengers and the weight of the cargo in the trunk. We rarely have a heavy baggage with them, respectively, it is not accurate.
The dry mass of the car can also be a useful indicator, since the machine is never exploited without antifreeze, fuel, transmission and motor oil etc.
All manufacturers when creating cars are trying to reduce the mass of machines, since this value significantly affects both acceleration and on economical characteristics. This is quite simple to explain: the greater weight can transport the car to a specific distance, spending the minimum of fuel - the better for car owners. In addition, the increased load has a negative impact on the parts of the suspension and the body of the car.
European measurements of the car vehicle
Using your own formula that determines the oven mass may be present in each European country. It is this criterion that it is necessary to move through the bridge or dam. The most accurate data in this case will not allow overloading.
In almost all countries of Europe, 75 kg is added to the cutting mass - this is medium weight adult man. This calculation allows you to obtain data on what is the mass of the car while driving.
In addition, the following features include:
- The weight of the tool required to operate the vehicle, which must be present in the trunk.
- Bus or cargo car intended for far follow (If there are places for a crew member to the mass of cars add another 75 kg).
- The spare wheel, the weight of the jack, the fire extinguisher and other elements is also necessarily taken into account.
- In the curb weight of the car is added no less than 90% of the weight fuel tank Machines (full).
In addition, there are several formulas that allow you to individually determine the curb weight. This moment is extremely important for trucks, since at all weighing items by deducting the exhaust mass can be performed with high accuracy to check the maximum permissible weight Auto, baggage weights, etc.
Therefore, in individual cases, the inspection services are used by formulas, with which it is possible to calculate the curb weight of the car, taking into account people present in it, items, etc.
There are many situations in which knowledge of the equipment of the car may be needed. First of all, it is towing, since each vehicle has a maximum permissible mass of towed cargo.
It is also worth remembering this meaning in those situations where the car drives local bridges through rivers or dangerous places. Often, there are warnings in such places, which contain information about limiting the mass of vehicles. Therefore, experts recommend to follow some rules:
- If necessary, appreciate the weight of the car to add to the value of the mass of the car weight of the driver and all passengers.
- Buying cars to immediately learn the outfit mass specified by the manufacturer.
- It should be found out the formula that was used to calculate the cutting mass, remember or record this figure.
- Do not worry about fuel, oil, first-aid kit, fire extinguisher - these items are automatically recorded in the indicators.
- Do not forget about baggage, which is not taken into account in the oven car (situational luggage).
From this information it is worth conclude that the currency indicator is important information and for the owner of the car it is necessary. This is one of important parameters Specifications, which takes into account sometimes up to 500 kg of additional car weight.
We buy rubber and discs - another application of the exhaust mass
Buying new discs on the car, high risk of getting problems in case the weight of the car does not match performance characteristics disks. Otherwise, any, even a minor bump, adversely affects their metal: alloy wheels will get a crack, steel - I will bend.
It was also a lot of important to consider the weight of the car when choosing rubber, because if you do not consider the rubber load index, the likelihood of unpleasant consequences is high.
To the most common problems that can cause a mismatch of the weight of the auto index of rubber loads include the following points:
- Quick rapid erasing of the tread.
- Rubber Cord destruction, blinking / blowing irregularities on the working or side surface of the tire.
- Uneven wear of rubber layer due to too high pressure.
- The absence of correct control of the vehicle, since the tires change the trajectory of movement.
- Bad rolling increased flow Fuel due to rolling resistance.
- Poor impact on the braking path.
- The inability to pump the wheels, as requires the manufacturer's recommendation.
- Reducing safety safety for a number of reasons.
These are the consequences may occur when buying discs or rubber, when the car's oven is not taken into account. This proves that this indicator is important for the operation of the vehicle.
To choose optimal size Tire or disks, it is necessary to record the value of the car weight of the machine and divided this value to four, since all manufacturers of these products indicate the weight in kilograms per tire.
All technical specifications are important in the process of its operation, therefore, documents issued when buying should not be thrown out. They will not be needed only when the warranty period comes out.
If you for any reason do not know the circular weight of your car, you should know where it can be quickly found. To do this, you should always have at hand (for example, in the bookmarks of the Internet browser in Mob. Phone) Website with a description of the technical characteristics of almost all vehicles. This information can be very useful because this directory contains all the data on the full and oven car weight. Accordingly, you have the opportunity if you need to get reliable information about what details you buy.
