It may seem that there is nothing complicated in the carriage of fuel. He poured him into a big barrel, which is called fuel truck and led by buyers as well as water or milk. Yes, and the fuel truck itself from the milk carrier is not much different. Yes, almost nothing! From the point of view of the amateur, it is so, but in fact, everything is much more complicated.
Let's start with the fact that any liquid fuel is dangerous cargowhich there are a great set. Their transportation is regulated by many laws in connection with which the organization of such traffic was and remains an important and responsible moment.
Document classifying dangerous goods - GOST R 52734-2007. All of them are divided into the following categories:
- Explosives that under certain conditions can lead to an explosion,
- Gas and its varieties (compressed, liquefied, dissolved, etc.),
- Flammable liquids, including explosive,
- Solid flammable substances, or having the properties of self-burning themselves or when interacting with water,
- Various oxidizing substances and pyroxides,
- Infectious and poisonous substances,
- Radioactive materials,
- Acid, alkalis, etc.,
- Other substances that are also considered dangerous, but are not suitable for one of the above groups.
Group 3 is just diesel fuel, gasoline, etc. Liquid petroleum products. It is certainly not the most dangerous, but requires well-defined security measures during transportation. Moreover, the law does not limit the ways to transport. For example, diesel fuel can be delivered by any kind of transport: railway, automotive, etc. At the same time, any vehicle must be specially equipped and the staff should have a special permission. Behind and in front of fuel trucks should be a sign Un N2 oh and a danger sign Number 3:
In addition, if more than 1000 liters of fuel is transported, compliance with the following conditions:
- Availability of a document with a specified carriage route.
- Availability of ADR (European Agreement on International Transportation of Dangerous Goods), that is, evidence of the preparation of the driver to the transport of hazardous substances.
- The presence of a document that the vehicle is admitted to the transport of dangerous goods.
- The designation of the vehicle with dangerous goods signs.
- The presence of fire extinguishing means.
Transportation tank is preparing in a certain way. If another fuel was transported to the fill in it, the tank must be thoroughly and dried. No mixing of combustible substances is allowed. The tank must be grounded, which will reduce the calm of the spontaneous ignition of the transported fuel. The tank must be indicated by the plate indicating the type of dangerous cargo. In the case of transportation in automotive tanks, these very tanks must be painted in a bright orange or red with an inscription "Flameless".
The driver carrying the dangerous goods can be allowed to manage the dangerous goods, which has passed special training and medical control, which has an experience of managing such a vehicle of at least 3 years, not under the influence of any drugs. The driver should have a trail. documentation:
- Certificate of admission of the vehicle (issued in the traffic police in the Ministry of Internal Affairs).
- Transport agreement in accordance with applicable law.
- The document determining the route of transportation (must be certified and / or compiled by departments and divisions of the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, on the territory of which the route passes).
- Alarm card (filled with a producer of a hazardous substance).
- Transport and commercial invoice.
Transportation of fuel in the city of Moscow is even more complex occupation. It is necessary to have a special license that resolve the transport of dangerous goods within the third transpotional ring. Our company has such a license and delivers fuel to anywhere in Moscow.
"Oil-Expo" - wholesale deliveries of diesel fuel and gasoline in Moscow and the region.
GOST 1510-84 establishes the rules for packaging and labeling, storage and transportation of oil and petroleum products. When applying and transporting ethyl gasolines, sanitary rules approved by the Ministry of Health regulated by the regulatory and technical documents.
For transportation, liquid fuel is caught in railway tanks and tank trucks, bunker dons, bulk vessels. Transport by all types of transport: pipeline, rail, automotive, air, sea and river. When transporting fuel oil, it is necessary to provide for the conditions for its heating in order to reduce viscosity to a level that provides the possibility of pumping and draining.
Liquid fuels of each brand should be stored in separate metal and reinforced concrete tanks, excluding atmospheric precipitation and dust entering them. The degree of filling of the tanks should be possible to maximize, since the loss of fuel depend on it. Thus, in a reservoir filled with gasoline by 90%, annual losses are 0.4%, and by 20% -13.6% of the mass of stored fuel. Guaranteed shelf life in warehouses, refunds and filling columns of automotive gasoline - 5 years from the date of manufacture, aviation - 2 years.
Each batch of petroleum products must be accompanied by a document on the quality (passport) containing the name of liquid fuel, its brand and the standard number; Name or trademark of the manufacturer, gross and net mass (and if necessary, the volume of packed petroleum products), the date of manufacture; Party number; The inscription "flammable" - for light petroleum products, the inscription "poison" - for poisonous.
The documents should also indicate the norms of quality indicators established by the regulatory and technical documentation, and the test results of this petroleum product. Petroleum products are taken by mass, which is determined by weighing, or by volume and density. After determining the mass of the oil product, it is compared with the passport specified in the invoice, check the passport and, according to all the indicators, the arrived fuel is drained into tanks. If the oil product entered without a passport (the tank number does not correspond to the number specified in the accompanying documents; the tank seals are damaged or missing; the tank is seated with the intermediate station, and not the sender station), the consignee is obliged to analyze the sample of this petroleum product in the laboratory and not expendit ) Its until the passport is design. If the quality of the oil produced is inconsistent with the standard, an act is drawn up in accordance with the established form. One test, selected from the tank with the participation of the Rail Representative, is kept by the consignee in case of arbitration analysis before the claim permission.
Gasolines are explosive, flammable and combustible liquids. In the rooms where liquid fuel is stored is required to comply with the rules of fire safety: it is strictly forbidden smoking, ignition of matches, as well as repair work under which sparks are distinguished; Storage in the warehouse of watered winds and foreign objects. Prevention should be carried out periodic inspection of electrical wiring and insulators, check the state of grounding the tanks, pipelines, the creamy and other equipment.
Liquid fuels are toxic substances and have a harmful effect on human health, they can fall into the human body through the respiratory organs and the oral cavity.
The danger of poisoning exists at all stages of production, storage, transportation and especially the use of liquid fuel. The limiting concentration in the air is strictly regulated: for a gasoline solvent, it should not exceed 300 mg / m 3; For automotive gasoline - 100 mg / m 3 and for kerosene - 300 mg / m 3. The most dangerous ethyl gasoline is most dangerous, since Tetraethylswinse is a persistent strong poison, which accumulates in the human body, in surrounding items and clothing.
For storage, reception, the release of eatellated gasoline must be allocated special containers, recessive risers, handouts, pumps and pipelines. Equipment for operations with it is painted in a bright color, which distinguishes it from the rest, with large inscriptions of indelible paint "Ethyl gasoline. Poison".
Compliance with safety rules when handling liquid fuel prevents accidents, accidents, its loss. Faces that have passed the appropriate briefing and passed the safety exam for working with liquid fuels.
At the same time, any vehicle must be specially equipped and the staff should have a special permission. Behind and in front of fuel trucks should be a sign Un N2 OOH and a danger sign Number 3: In addition, if more than 1000 liters of fuel are transported, the following conditions are required:
- Availability of a document with a specified carriage route.
- Availability of ADR (European Agreement on International Transportation of Dangerous Goods), that is, evidence of the preparation of the driver to the transport of hazardous substances.
- The presence of a document that the vehicle is admitted to the transport of dangerous goods.
- The designation of the vehicle with dangerous goods signs.
- The presence of fire extinguishing means.
Transportation tank is preparing in a certain way. If another fuel was transported to the fill in it, the tank must be thoroughly and dried.
Rules for transportation of petroleum products
- Where can I get permission to transport?
- The deadline for certificate.
- List of documents for obtaining permission.
- Extending certificate for the transport of dangerous goods.
- Requirements for the car upon receipt of permission.
- How much is the certificate issue?
- The procedure for making permission.
- What time is the testimony issued for?
- Penalty for the lack of permission.
Let's proceed. Where can I get permission to transport? 19. The government service is provided by the Directorate of the State Traffic In the Application Place. Certificate can be obtained in any division of traffic police in Russia.
Deadline for certificate 22.
Rules for transportation of diesel fuel and petroleum products
During the calculations, 60 liters of gasoline or diesel fuel are not taken into account, which are in portable fuel tanks (if such is transported on the vehicle). Example. The transport unit is transported: one 200-T liter barrel with motor gasoline (200 L); two 200-t of liter drums with diesel fuel (400 l); three 20 liter canisters with motor gasoline (60 l). It is necessary to determine whether it is necessary to receive such transportation, coordinating the route of road transport of dangerous goods.
Decision. 200 * 3 + 400 \u003d 1000 60 liters of gasoline, transported in the canisters, do not take into account the calculations. Output. Since the obtained value does not exceed 1000, when transporting gasoline and diesel fuel in these quantities, there is no need to obtain the coordination of the road transport route of dangerous goods.
How much fuel can be transported in the cabin or car trunk?
Attention
This question is discussed in detail in a separate article. Note, for all listed documents, in addition to the passport and the application, you also need to provide photocopies. In the regulations, the issue of copying documents is not considered, so I recommend copies to make in advance.
Otherwise, the documents next to the traffic police will have to be copied, and this is usually quite expensive. Extension of certificate for the transport of dangerous goods If the car owner has previously received permission to transport dangerous goods, then the document can be simply extended. In this case, the old evidence should be taken with you, because
Employees of the division must put a mark in it. Otherwise, the order of extension is exactly the same as when the first time is obtained. Requirements for the car When receiving permission, the driver will receive a refusal to issue documents in the following cases:
- Environmental inspection.
How to make permission to transport dangerous goods?
In this case, special packaging is required to accommodate petroleum products, which corresponds to the requirements of GOST 1510-84. It should be borne in mind that petroleum products can be transported on a conventional rolling stock, if their number does not exceed the rules established by the rules. For example: for gasoline, this amount is 333 l. For diesel fuel 1000 L.Pries by the combination of both species, the permissible amount is calculated as the amount of gasoline multiplied by 3, plus a valid amount of DT. The total amount should not exceed 1000. Tara for the transport of petroleum products for transportation of liquid (fuel, solvents, special liquids) and Viscous (oils, special lubricants) of petroleum products are used canisters and flasks with a capacity from 5 to 50 liters, metal or polymer barrels with a capacity from 48 to 250 liters.
Rules for transportation of gasoline in tank trucks 2018
If the amount of substance transported exceeds the established rules (for gasoline and dt, for example, 60 l), the container must have an appropriate labeling. The amount of substance in each barrel or canister should not exceed 95% of its geometric capacitance. Inverter production products are transported in the factory packaging placed in standard packages (boxes, boxes) or on pallets covered with thermal film. Single types of solid petroleum products (paraffin, cold bitumen , NEF. Dr.) can be transported in non-specialized containers - cardboard or paper drums, boxes, boxes, etc. For the transport of liquid oil products in large quantities on the rolling stock of general purpose, flexitics are widely used - elastic contributions for standard containers. Their volume is from 10 to 24 thousand liters.
Almost any business that is based on the carriage of goods with increased danger can bring good income to its owner. Every year, this niche is replenished with new entrepreneurs, and the effectiveness of the selected direction does not fall.
We also note that such a type of activity is relatively unstable, since the formation of it began in the 90s and is actively developing today.
Features of the direction
The cost of building a modern enterprise for the implementation of fuel transport is very high, and most of all attention should be paid to security. Moreover, for many, the company does not constitute problems to rent fuel trucks to carry out their needs for the transportation of products. But the business to transport fuel will develop depending on what exactly you are going to do:
- only transportation of fuel;
- buying, transporting and selling.
Also on development will affect what types of fuel you are planning to transport. If we are talking only about bright variants of petroleum products, you will have to create a limited list of permissible options with which you can deal with. But in any case, when choosing one or another option, you will have to carefully study the safety technique during the transportation of the goods. For this, a specialist will be answered, who will control all the important points of transportation.
Transportation options
In this form of business, it makes no sense to limit ourselves only to the use of road transport, here is a list of all available options for the implementation of this type of activity:
- tank trucks;
- wagons with tanks;
- tankers for moving water;
- with the help of air transport;
- even with the help of a simple passenger car, using a special container to transport.
In any case, with the help of each above the presented option, it is possible to deliver petroleum products without any problems. For example, using air transport, it is possible to quickly transport a small amount of fuel for long distances. Using wagons with tanks, you can not very quickly transport the fuel to the right place, but quite a lot more than once. In this case, the choice will depend on your wishes and market needs.
Exemplary counting
But let's consider a brief information about how much it will be necessary to invest at least to start the realization of the intended. For example, to buy one used car such as MAZ with a tank just over 23,000 liters for fuel, you will need about 1170000 rubles. And for renting premises, hiring staff and other expenses it will be necessary to have no less than 1,500,000 rubles. From now on, it will be possible to try to do business.
Regarding income, on such a car you can earn from 6,000 rubles in one transportation. But the cost must be calculated, as the distance and other nuances will affect it. If you exercise at least one carriage per day and receive more than 6000 rubles for it, then the payback of this business will be about 1 year. Well, the more cars will be at your disposal, the higher your profit will be in the final result.
Related Materials
We are all - motorists, to one degree or another. Personal cars, taxis, buses, trams ... Therefore, issues related to fuel, are worried many, agree? But it is fuel - to produce a little. Well, you still need to deliver, save and distribute. In need. Us.
Therefore, I propose to trace: what the way gasoline passes from the refinery to our car. We throw lots, and ... Voila: We will look at the example of the Petersburg Fuel Company - one of the largest operators of the North-West of Russia.
So ... freshly prepared gasoline, poured into the tanks, goes down. Before your consumer. How long, briefly, but in the end, he arrives at the refine. In our case, this is the "streaming" oilbase belonging to PTK
02. First of all, tanks are controlled by volume. Well, suddenly we were not at the factory. Or merged where along the way. Life, you know, such a thing)
03. And even seals may not save. Therefore, the representative of the supplier is involved in acceptance, or a third-party observer. So that everything is honest.
04. If everything is in order, start to download. At the same time, the compressor station can serve 32 tanks.
05. The pumping of fuel in the "tanks" is carried out by pipes that oil workers are lyrically called "flutes". I, for some reason, immediately remembered from Mayakovsky "and you could play anything on flutes ..." There, however, the pipes were drained. But oil is also nothing!
While gasoline is swinging, I will find different little things ...
06. Cute crab, right?
07. Safety equipment - above all! By the way, I could not understand one icon without a hint) and you?
08. Information plate on the tank.
09. So ... the fuel is verified, reciprocated, and uploaded. In the "tanks" - such huge "barrels".
I, as a true blogger (!))), Of course, I really wanted to see these pieces closer. And even climb. And even dive. But ... I forgot the hat. Kidding.
Reconstruction and update on the tank farm. Therefore, they were not allowed there. Well, you have to come back a little later!)
I did not know, and it seems to me interesting: in every tank there is a special floating lid. She does not give fuel to evaporate. Well, the fact that, nevertheless, evaporated, on pipelines are given to a special station, where the pairs are condensed and, in the future, are used. From the fuel trucks, by the way, they are also going.
"Tanks" are four-piece blocks - "Kare" - in such concrete baths. In case of leakage of petroleum products. Well, you never know! So as not spread. Safety!
In this, by the way, all buildings with people are loose. In case Babachnet. I'm joking. There was no such. And sure will not.
10. At all stages of storage and transportation, quality is due to quality control.
11. The Laboratory of PTK, as they say, one of the most advanced in Russia. Yes, and in Europe, which is. Believe!
By the way, there are many and different networks of refueling on the refuse of "streams", poured gasoline. The same gasoline. The same fuel. Therefore, conversations, they say "Here is gasoline - sucks, and yesterday I referred to something, and how I got!" - It is, to put it mildly, not quite logical. Gasoline, most often, the same.
It seems to me that it is better to wash the car. So I will help, so immediately "Taapa Popped!")))
And our gasoline, between those, splashes in the tanks and is waiting for its o'clock. "Your hour" comes when the buyer comes behind the fuel. Well, or your fleezing PTK.
12. On the refuse, everything is automated. He arrived, conducted a special electronic map, hollowed how much it should be, and left. And no paper documents. Everything quickly and clearly.
13. In the meantime, our fuel truck rushes to refueling, a few words about the Director of PTK - Andrei Gennadevich Mikheev. It's nice that a person in such a post, after all, such an open and friendly. And an interesting narrator. And nice ironic) It seems to me that it is necessary!)
14. Our fuel truck, meanwhile, drove to the gas station. Through here, gasoline fittings are poured into the underground storage.
Now the gas station is definitely all accounting and control is automated. So, for example, if somewhere, suddenly, well, it will be completely random, let even 10 liters of gasoline, the automation will say "Ata-Taaa!"
15. However, at the station there is a special "shtov", which, if necessary, you can check the level in the container, tritely lowered the pole inside. Is it a tradition?!) Six, by the way, under the lock.
16. By the way, do you know that any gas station should have a calibrated and a typal device measuring the amount of fuel? Therefore, if it seemed to you that the column was lying, and the gasoline flooded less than necessary, you can calmly contact the operator, which is obliged to make a control measurement. Keep in mind! But do not overdo with it, please!)
17. PTK is now carried out rebranding, and, among other things, construe their gas stations. Here look, it was so
18. It became so. In my opinion, it is pretty.
18. Although, of course, a modern gas station is not only the ability to refuel, but also the service.
19. To buy that in little things, pump the wheels, or just have a cup of coffee. Nice to agree.
20. And also ... I always attracted me the place of the gas station operator - there it is old about money!) I could not resist, climbed. Looked. Everything is fine!)
21. Well ... Once we track the way of gasoline, I decide too to refuel! With a map - discount. Already handling from a liter. Trifle, but nice)
That's it! We traced a gasoline path from tank to cars. Hurray to us!)
Ah, no, not still ...
POH! 
Now - for sure, everything!
