For the first half of 2018, only in Moscow recorded 484 accidents with heavy trucks, in which 40 were killed and 500 people were injured. And the point here is not in bad roads and ignorance of rules of movement: some incidents are associated with car overloads. Accordingly, it is important to know what load on the axis and how it is calculated.
The wagon, intentionally allowed overload, carries danger. First of all, it gives a load on road coveringwhich is calculated under a certain mass of cars. If the weight of the car is more, and it is not always possible to check it, then the road is destroyed. And to the authorities who do not allocate money from the budget to repair roads are not always justified.
The next moment is the overloaded machine behaves on the track in a different way: it is harder to succumb to maneurs, more vulnerable under overtakers. Even an experienced driver, moving in objectively sophisticated conditions: At night, in the rain, by serpentine - it will not always be able to keep the truck from tipping. The braking path of the overload is longer, which automatically threatens the life of the driver of the bigger, and passing a number of cars.
Before going to the track, it is necessary to understand that the desire to earn or saving time does not justify the overload of rosters, and legislation is provided for violated weights of weights of large penalties.
Let's understand what overload is and how the federal legislation and the government regulates this moment, is there any standard for permissible. Five years ago, in connection with the appearance on the roads of the country, cars of the new type were revised, and then introduced (hereinafter referred to as).
Cargo transport is a means for moving goods in the body, on the platform. Trucks are divided into categories C and C1. The main difference is the dimensions of the machine and the lifting capacity.
In addition, all means are distinguished:
- functionality;
- tonnade;
- body view;
- permitted to transport mass;
- weight;
- load on the axis.
Freight machines with trailers (with a mass of cargo in a trailer more than 750 kg) are defined in their specific groups: ve, se, de and others. All division of cars is regulated by GOST 33987-2016. However, it is periodically introduced innovations.
Maximum weight of cargo by russian roads - 44 tons, but for each type of machine, its weight corridor is provided.
A separate category was allocated by road trip: a construction consisting of a vehicle and a trailer (one or more, or semi-trailer). For them, the following weight limitations are provided in traffic rules.
Of the practical considerations, carriers force drivers to take greater weight to minimize transport costs. However, it is rare to avoid checks on the road. Most freight trails are equipped with checkpoints, where cars are required to pass weighing.
Today there are two types of checks:
- Dynamic. During check, the speed is limited to 5 km / h. The machine drives to the scales installed on the road, which show the load on each axis. An error is allowed 0.5-3%.
- Stationary. Powerful mobile (therefore not beloved by drivers) installation resembling a huge van, where the car drives and stops. Electronics shows the result unmistakably.
Both procedures allow you to accurately set the pressure on the axis. If it exceeds the received Russian standard, the driver discharges a fine. Fine gradation depends on whose TC and how much the weight limit is exceeded. If the norm is exceeded by 2-10%, a fine of 10,000-15 000 rubles. Receives an official, and the legal entity pays 10 times more. If the cost of cargo is exceeded by 50%, the penalty grows up to 45,000-50,000 rubles. Official face, and legal rises to 400,000-500,000 rubles. Therefore, before deliberately violate the rules of transport, see if you benefit from this.
Top up the statistics of the violators simply. If the overload goes even on 1 axis, the punishment is inevitable. However, if you know that you take a permissible weight, remember that in your right to declare disagreement with the results. It is only necessary to have acts about checking on the hands and seek repeated objective control weighing.
The axial load is the load from the mass of the TC, which is transmitted to the plane through the wheels. The degree of mass distribution is uneven, it is always smaller on the front axle. The exact indicators gives only weighing, and non-professional calculations sin with indicators requiring further clarifications. The permissible load on the axle of the truck is often considered with the error.
The mass of the car is consisted of the mass of the load on the front and rear axles.
This is clearly illustrated by two simple examples:
- The cargo "Gazelle" with a total weight of 3,500 kg has a 1200 kg of load on the front axle and 2300 kg - to the back.
- On Kamaja - 53 215, the distribution looks like this: 4420 kg (front axle) and 15 230 kg (rear axle).
For each brand of the car there are indicators, but the above-described tendency is maintained - the load on the back of the chassis is always higher. The front hold only the cabin and the engine, to the rear pressing the cargo transported.
All auto drives are divided into 2 large groups:
- Automobiles with axial load from 6 to 10 tons, which are allowed to enter the roads of the 1st category.
- Cars with limit load in 6 tons. They are allowed to operate on any roads.
It can be seen that the load on the axis is the key weight parameter of the car, which is taken into account when designing and using it.
It is worth considering the algorithm for calculating loads on the axis trucks In Russia, on the example of a tractor with 3 axes and a similar trailer. Let load 20 tons loaded for transportation.
It is necessary to know how the load between the six axes will be distributed:
- In the certificate of registration of the vehicle and the trailer, their masses are taken. Take fictional figures to make it easier to count. Let the mass of the car 10 tons, and the trailer - 12 tons.
- The real (keyword) weight of the cargo being transported is recognized, and not the one that is fixed in TTN. In the case under consideration it is 20 tons.
- The load on the trailer is 75% of the total weight of the cargo and the trailer. The masses of the car, the trailer, the resulting amount is multiplied by 0.75: (12 t + 20 tons) x0.75 \u003d 24 t.
- The load is calculated on three trailer axes. For this, the load on the trailer (24) is divided by the number of axes (3). It turns out 8 tons on the axis.
- It is worth calculating the load on the automotive axes, which account for 25% of the sum of the mass of the trailer and cargo, plus the tona of the wagons: (12 + 20) x0.25 + 10 \u003d 18 tons.
- The rear axles take on 75% of the load, i.e. 18x0.75: 2 \u003d 6.8 tons.
- The load on the front axle is always less, it includes the weight of the cabin, the engine, and the main weight is distributed to the subsequent axes: 18-6.8x2 \u003d 4.4 tons.
There is some approximate representation of the pressure of the cargo on the axis of the car: 4,4 + 6,8 + 6,8 + 8 + 8 (tons). So they are considered (approximate) permissible loads on the axis.
It is clear that the calculation is conditional, the exact numbers will show only weighing road items. But even such a simple example will allow to progress and prevent overload.
Merchants sending goods behind the territory of the Russian Federation, it is important to know which permitted loads on the axis of trucks are provided in other countries. It is not only for the violators, not only fines, but also enters the number of the car, as well as its owner in the "black list". Foreign service road More systematized, has a common database of violators, therefore, not a single machine that has fallen on exceeding weight will not be able to drive past the control point. Fines are high: given the dollar and the euro rate, plus a fee for the translation into another state, the fine may exceed the cost of the goods itself. Therefore, before risking, costing Internet pages with statistics. In each country, its permissible norms.
For example:
- in Hungary, the potential load on the cargo TC with two axes of 20 tons;
- in Germany - 18;
- in Bulgaria - 16.
There are clear tables with the distribution of the load on all axes for European countries.
There are online calculators calculating vehicle weightBut it is best to contact international logistics companies that know the subtleties of movement on the road in the "Alien" country will help in making insurance, in laying a route, advise on controversial moments.
Little cars about cars
Overload does not apply to passenger vehicles. IN this case In general, there is no concept of loads on the axes. There is not a single law in the Russian Federation, which would regulate the weight load on such a car.
Although the road inspector has the right to stop the passenger car for inspection, if sees that the car:
- overwhelmed;
- transported cargo with violations (without an appropriate sign, for example).
The incorrectly fixed thing or too heavy item affects the machine maneuvenesses, create additional risky situations on the road.
Another trouble passenger cars - incorrect passenger transportation. In car documents, it is prescribed how much people can be pronounced in the car. For example, in Nissan Sime, despite the large area of \u200b\u200bthe salon, the manufacturer has established a limit of 4 people, and Honda-Civic - 5. Although the fit inside the car can be much more than a person, it is not worth risking. For this there is a fine.
It should be noted that in Russian Federation exploitation cargo transport Regulated by various documents, regulations that are periodically updated. Everyone who is engaged in transportation must follow regulatory base, Including, for changes in the load on the axis of the cargo machine. Ignorance, as well as non-compliance with the rules leads to administrative penalties, is subject to a fine, and in cases with aggravating circumstances, it faces the deprivation of transport management rights .
Transportation of cargo by car - A popular and rapidly developing business niche in Russia. However, entrepreneurs in pursuit of profit load their trucks "under the urban", ignoring the rules of the road and technical capabilities trucks.
Overloaded pallons strongly split the road fabric. The overloaded car more "eats" technical fluids and fuel. And, as already mentioned, the road covering faster comes in disrepair. In order to somehow deal with this to deal with several laws, relative to the rules of the passage of trucks in different types of trails and the size of the penalties for violations.
The car overload is determined by the load on each axis: the rear plus front. In total, it turns out, transmitted through the wheels on the canvas road. Often the rear axle of the car carries most of the load compared to the front.
Since, in fact, on the front axis "Davit" only the cabin and the power mechanism, whereas the burden is accounted for. In addition, overload quickly wear out details Truck, namely:
- castle saddle;
- clutch;
- gearbox;
- brake pads;
- rubber;
- suspension.
Drivers know that there are road signs installed on some cuts of roads and in front of the bridges, limiting car travel By weight, for example, 3:12. That is, on the bridge or section of the road after this sign you cannot move cars, the load on the axis of which is more than indicated on the sign.
If the driver violates this rule, it will be subjected to a fine, fixed in the Administrative Code, the fifth part of Article 12.21.1. It says that the driver of an overloaded passenger or truck with a special or without special may be fined For the passage of roads or bridges for such weight.
The permissible weight of the cargo for transport categories "A" and "B"
There are different categories of trails for which it is allowed to ride different groups of trucks. For the group "A", movement on the tracks 1, 2, 3 categories (ordinary expensive, non-speed, the number of strips in one direction can be up to four).
For cars of the group "A":
- Between the axes more than two m - 10 tons.
- Up to two m - 9 tons.
- Up to one m 65 cm - 8 tons.
- Up to 1 m 35 cm - 7 tons.
- To one m - 6 tons.
For the group "B" sets the following norms:
- Between axes more than 2 m - 6 tons.
- Up to 2 m - 5.7 tons.
- Up to 1 m 65 cm - 5.5 tons.
- Up to 1 m 35 cm - 5 tons.
- Up to 1 m - 4.5 tons.
Penalties for the excess of the load rate on the axis
Accordingly, if the weight of the entire car or the load on the axis exceeds 2, but less than 10 percent, then the driver, the official who was allowed to leave, and legal entityowned by car threatening fine for overload in size 1000-1500; 10,000-15 thousand and 100,000-150 thousand rubles, respectively.
If the mass is exceeded more than 10, but less than 20%, then the fine for overload will be 3000-3500; 20000-25000; 200,000-250 thousand rubles. If the mass exceeds the norm by 20, but does not reach 50%, then the fines for the overview of the truck will be 4000-5 thousand or deprivation of rights up to 3 months; 30000-40000; For legal entities 300000-400 thousand rubles.
If overload over the axes more than 50%, the fines of the driver - 7000-10 thousand or deprivation of rights for up to 6 months; Official person - 45000-50000, legal entity - 400,000-50 thousand rubles.
If such a violation was recorded using a photo or video, the size of the fine will be equal to the top bar of the fine for the organization that produced the machine loading. But the responsibility and payment of fines will suffer the carrier.
Affairs by administrative offensesrelated to overload or exceeding dimensions according to the Civil Procedure Code considered by the courts General jurisdiction.
Judicial practice at the moment already, one can say, formed and the courts in full satisfy the vast majority of lawsuits to shippers or carriers. And the appeal of decisions does not give anything.
Why is the law provide such large fines for overload? This is a way to avoid more expenses and human victims, because the overload is involved:
- knocking out the roadbed (repair costs, accidents due to pit and cracks on the road);
- large chances of accidents when moving on old structures and bridges;
- an increase in the braking path, which increases the likelihood of accidents.
The braking path becomes longer due to the inertia of the cargo (the heavier cargo, the stronger the inertia). And it can be fraught with a burden of a truck, especially in ice or rain. It matters and how well the cargo is fixed.
Because if he moves through the body while driving, it can become cause of tipping truck And, accordingly, the accident. For this, the driver is responsible.
In compliance with the rules of cargo transportation, moving or stationary safety and weight points, whose inspectors have the authority to write out a fine and take the cars to the stalls until its payment.
Points equipped with special weightswhich show the load on the axis of the truck and the inspector determines whether there is an overload on the axis or not. Car weighing can be done in two ways:
- Without stopping cars. Its speed at the same time should not exceed 5 km / h. Measurement error can reach 3%, so this method is not used.
- When the car is stopped. This method gives more accurate results.
If the overload is detected or the dimensions of the cargo exceed the norm, it will be a violation and driver we will have to pay a fine. Even if there is a special degree and, of course, when it is not.
Special for heavy, large-sized and dangerous cargo It is issued in the executive authorities or the organization's subordinate to them, or the owner of the road in which the cargo should be.
It should receive a shipper in advance. In the case when the receipt of special proceedings on the passage is a mandatory or driver deviated from the route in it specified, it can also be discharged.
In addition, the weight of the cargo should be accurately listed in commodity and transport invoices. If the documents indicate the weight not exceeding permissible normsIn fact, the overload is determined, the inspector will make a protocol and prescribe a fine.
And all these troubles go to the driver. Most often he has to pay for the fact that his superiors did not form all required documents properly.
Fundes for large-sized goods
For the transport of large cargoes also provide its rules. Large is considered a cargo, protruding on more than one meter from behind or 10-50 centimeters from each side.
In this case, the load should be decorated with special signsthat are visible in the afternoon and reflective elements or lanterns to be visible at night.
This is described in road rules. COAP adds to it that if the size of the cargo is 10-50 cm is greater than the norm or more than indicated in the special degree, the inspector of the control and weight item has the right to write a fine. The range of fines is the same as indicated above 1000-400 thousand rubles.
If the amount of the fine is an impressive and driver, naturally, can not pay it, the car will put on the stradition. And then the shipper will lose time, reputation and possibly the client. Also extra losses will incurexpenses for sending another truck to divide goods: buying fuel, salary to the second driver and may have to pay a penalty to the client for late delivery of the cargo, if such is provided for by the contract.
It is allowed uneven load distribution over the axes for two-axis and three-axis groups if the actual load on the axis group does not exceed the permissible load on the axis group with single-table or double-circuit wheels and the actual load on the most loaded axis in two-axis and three-axis groups does not exceed the permissible axial load of a single axis with Single-table or double wheels, respectively. 4. If there are the axes in groups of different values \u200b\u200bof the inter-axes, each distance between the axes is assigned the value obtained by the arithmetic averaging method (the sum of all the inter-axes in the group is divided by the number of inter-space distances in the group). The inter-axes obtained by the arithmetic averaging method is assigned by two-axis and three-axis groups to determine the permissible load.
What permissible overview of the cargo car
Penalties for overload mainly about this form of administrative punishment worn truck drivers. Since cars have limitations only by the number of passengers transported.
The fine for exceeding the load is divided into three types depending on the level of responsibility of persons:
- For individuals 1.5-2 thousand rubles.
- For officials - the amount is higher, 15 thousand rubles.
- And even higher for legal - 400 thousand rubles.
Place an order on a tachograph card. If when more than 2% is exceeded, there is no permission to the procurement, it is also a fine.
Attention
Yes, and when the weight of the cargo does not coincide with what is written in the accompanying papers with individual May recover the amount of 5 thousand rubles. For the company, the amount of recovery is greater than 50 times.
True, without control weighing, a fine, the inspector is not right.
Applications to the rules of goods by road2018
Important
It noted that in no way impress the load on the axis of the car installed by the manufacturer's manufacturer. In addition, the act provides for the conditions for transportation of cargo.
Info
It should not limit the driver's overview, make it difficult to control the car, create excessive noise and pollute the road. The established norms in accordance with the classification of trucks are divided into single and road trains, which have a different number of axes located alone at a distance of 2.5 m from each other and nasty, combined from several axes.
For example, dual. In accordance with Government Decree No. 272, permissible loads on the truck axis were established, the table contains their numerical values. For example, without obtaining permission, you can operate a car with a maximum weight equal to 44 tons.
Overload truck by weight and on axes
The shipper (official) in case of distortion of weight of the load or unspecifiance in the TN number, dates and terms of action. Permits, route of the movement Penalty 15-20 thousand rubles. Penalty 15-20 thousand rubles. Penalty 25-35 thousand rubles. Penalty 25-35 thousand rubles. Penalty 15-20 thousand rubles. Penalty 15-20 thousand rubles. Penalty 25-35 thousand rubles. Penalty 25-35 thousand rubles. The shipper (legal entity or IP) in case of distortion of weight of the load or unspecifiance in TN number, dates and terms of action.
Permissions, route of movement
Penalty 200-300 thousand rubles. Penalty 200-300 thousand rubles. Penalty 350-400 thousand rubles. Penalty 350-400 thousand rubles. Penalty 200-300 thousand rubles. Penalty 200-300 thousand
rub. Penalty 350-400 thousand rubles. Penalty 350-400 thousand rubles. A legal entity that carries out loading materials into a car Fine 250-400 thousand rubles. Penalty 250-400 thousand rubles. Penalty 250-400 thousand rubles. Fine 250-400 thousand
rub. Penalty 250-400 thousand rubles. Penalty 250-400 thousand rubles.
Over a car
Reduced threshold for exceeding the allowable weight of cargo or axial load, in which responsibility arises - up to 2%. In this penalty, it now depends on the size of such exceeding (the more excess - the more fine). The possibility of fixing the offense in automatic mode using special technical means (Photo, video). In the case of fixing such an offense, the penalty threatens to a legal entity (IP) - the owner of the car. Since the situation with responsibility for these offenses has changed dramatically, we decided to tell first in general, what is overload, and in the future with the help of experts in this direction to disassemble this issue in more detail.
1. Types of cars for the transport of non-metallic materials for the transport of non-metallic materials uses various types of trucks.
Ministry of Transport updated the norms of permissible load on the axis of the truck
It exploits a truck in order to profit due to transportation of goods of an individual entrepreneur engaged in transportation of goods as a result of commercial activities. Accommodation in the cargo car Delimic cargo should be carried out so that its total weight along with the cargo does not exceed the permissible mass. How the mass of the car and the load coming to each axis can be calculated to avoid administrative punishment.
They are interconnected among themselves the following relation: MA \u003d NPO + NZO where: Indicators Description M Weight, ton N load transmitted to the front and rear axles of the car, Newton under the formulation "The axle load or axis load" is understood as the load resulting from the vehicle mass, which is transmitted to the surface of the road leaf with the wheels of one axis.
New Rules for heavy cargoes
So all cars are divided into two classes:
- "A" - three categories operated on the tracks: the first, second and third, respectively.
- "B" - carried out movement on any road.
The permissible values \u200b\u200bare indicated below. First of all, for cars:
- with two axes - 18 tons;
- with three axes - 25 tons;
- with four axes - 32 tons;
- with five axes - 35 tons.
As for road trains, other standards are installed for them:
- with three axes - 28 tons;
- with four axes - 36 tons;
- with five axes - 40 tons;
- with six axes and more - 44 tons.
How to calculate the load on the axis of the truck
Approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 No. 272 \u200b\u200b(text as of 12.04.2018) Table of contents: Appendix 1. Valid Mass Vehicle Appendix 2. Permissible load on the axis of the vehicle Annex 3. Maximum permissible dimensions Vehicle app 6. Terms of loading (unloading) of goods to vehicles Annex 7. List of work on loading (unloading) of cargo in vehicles Annex 9. List of goods, after the transport of which vehicles and containers should be washed and, if necessary, disinfected Annex 10 .
server error
There is a relation for a two-axis car (for example, the Gazelle brand): MA \u003d NP + NZ, where, Ma - the weight of the truck. NP - the load on the front axle. NP - a similar parameter for the rear axle. This simple calculation formula binds the load on the axis of the truck and its mass.
For vehicles with three axes, the rear and middle bridge of which is combined into a trolley (example - KAMAZ 53215), this dependence has the following form: Ma \u003d NP + NT, where, NT - load on the entire back truck. The load for the rear trolley and the axis is usually greater. So exactly there they have transported goods.
And the weight that pressing the front axle is determined only by the mass of the cab and power aggregate. Learn the load, having weight weight, machine and trailer - more difficult.
And this calculation will have a very approximate view.
- We take in testimony of registration of a car (MA) and trailer (MP). For example, take MA \u003d 6 T, MP \u003d 11 tons.
The permissible mass of vehicles in the summer of 2015, a change in the relevant acts about the carriage of goods on Russian roads has entered into force. Based on this document, new norms of car permissible mass were introduced. For example, the maximum weight of the machine, which has the right without additional permission to leave the road, is 44 tons. This is the maximum maximum. For passenger cars, such norms, of course, does not exist.
But does this mean that you can overload your car and ride unpunished? The limit still exists. It was concluded that it is forbidden to transport a large number of passengers.
This is punishable by the appropriate fine. The permissible axial load on the truck acts the rule of load on the axis. it the most important thing When calculating. In order to understand how the load is calculated, you need to figure out the simplest concepts.
Valid load on the axis of the truck 2018 table
Refer to example 2. Hold that single-handed wheels are installed on the front axis of the tractor, and rear axle tractor and all axis semi-trailer - duplex wheels. The distance between the semi-trailer axes is 1.31 m.
Suppose that the route of our trafficking passes by federal highway M1. Pour the following table of regulatory and actual values \u200b\u200bof loads on the axis of the trafficking: Type of an indicator of the front Oszttyagu's rear osstageage 1st Ospoloupriscepa 2-axle Ospolupapper 3rd Ospoloupriscene Load on the axis (regulatory value) 10.5 t 11.5 t 8.0 t 8.0 t 8.0 t 8.0 t 8.0 t 8.0 t on the axis (actual value) of 8.3 tons 17.5 t 12.7 t 12.8 t 11.7 t overload by axes - 6.0 t (52%) 4.7 t (59%) 4.8 t (60%) 3.7 T (46%) Regulatory load value for each axis The semi-trailer is obtained by dividing the load on the trolley specified in the table of permissible axial loads (24 tons), 3 (the number of axes in the trolley).
Preparation of cargo, container and vehicle to unloading: a) opening doors, hatches, sides, removal of awnings; b) Preparations of mechanized loading and unloading devices installed on the vehicle, as well as removal and removal of fastening, locking and protective equipment, devices and mechanisms. 3. Unloading cargo from the vehicle: a) delivery of the cargo, the container from the vehicle; b) dismantling fastening, locking and protective devices, devices and mechanisms. 4. Preparation of the unloaded vehicle to move: a) purification, flushing and disinfection of the vehicle; b) closure of doors, hatches, vehicle sides, preparation of loading and unloading, fastening, retaining and protective devices, devices and mechanisms to the movement of the vehicle.
Trucks are one of the most common causes of damage to the road linen. That is why on the territory of the Russian Federation there are special rules for the fare of heavy trucks that concern and the weight of the loaded vehicle.
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For overloading motor transport, the COAMA provides for penalties. What is the weight of the cargo car to let the rules? What is considered overload and what is the punishment for overloading the vehicle, read further.
Which weight of trucks is allowed
Monitoring of heavy trucks in the Russian Federation is made by the traffic police in accordance with the following regulatory acts:
Documents set:
- permissible masses truck vehicles with or without trailers;
- maximum permissible loads on the axis of motor vehicles;
- permitted overwhelms;
- rules for transporting goods exceeding permissible norms.
So, checking the weight of the cargo vehicle is made in two parameters:
- permissible mass;
- load on the axis of the truck.
A permissible mass is a parameter that is set by the vehicle manufacturer (indicated in the passport of the car). The mass allowed for use consists of the weight of the car itself and the weight of the cargo being transported.
For example, the TCP states that permitted maximum mass The cars are 25 tons. At the same time, the weight of the vehicle is 9 tons. This means that the owner of the car can carry the load with a mass of no more than 25-9 \u003d 16 tons.
Permissible masses separate species Cargo vehicles and road trains are listed in Appendix 1 to Government Decree No. 272:
| Type of vehicles | Permissible mass, tons |
| Single cars depending on the number of axes: | |
| 2 | 18 |
| 3 | 25 |
| 4 | 32 |
| 5 | 35 |
| Road train (trailed and saddle) depending on the number of axes: | |
| 3 | 28 |
| 4 | 36 |
| 5 | 40 |
| 6 or more | 44 |
If the mass of vehicles with a cargo is more than 44 tons, then for the passage of the road train (truck) requires the design of a special permission, which indicates the route of movement and the time of shipment and arrival.
If the mass of the truck together with the weight of the cargo is more than 80 tons, then the auto inspectorate consists of a certain route of the vehicle's movement, taking into account the admissibility of trains in certain areas (including the bridges) of the track.
The second parameter - the load on the axis is a load that is transmitted to the road with the wheels of one axis motor vehicle.
The load on the rear axle in all cases is greater than the load on the front axle, since most of the trucks have a cargo compartment behind, and the engine and other automobile units are located at the front.
To control the axial load of the vehicle, the concept of "maximum axial load" was introduced, which implies the load from the largest axis of the vehicle.
The maximum axial load is the basis for the introduction of restrictions of the passage of certain types of motor vehicles on the roads.
These restrictions are referred to road signsFor example, when you enter a limit to 5t on the axis, the following sign is set:
Permissible axial loads are indicated in Appendix 2 to the Government Decree No. 272:
Note:
- "*" Is permissible in the case of the presence of relevant road signs and information on official Internet resources;
- "**" for cars, which are equipped with a pneumatic or equivalent suspension.
- in stationary posts, which are installed in certain places (as a rule, when leaving or an entrance to the settlement). On such types of posts of weight control, the movement of equipment from place to place is prohibited;
- on mobile posts equipped based on a cargo van. Mobile posts can be changed in accordance with the regulations.
Who and where is checked
Checking the mass of the cargo car and the axial load is made by the traffic police inspector:
Weight control can be carried out in two ways:
- dynamic. The vehicle makes movement in a certain place equipped with special sensors at a speed of no more than 5 km / h. With this method of determining the parameters of the mass and axial load, the measurement error may be up to 3%;
- statistical. Measurements are made on scales after a complete vehicle stop. This method allows you to more accurately define the parameters studied.
What perplex allowed, including the axis
In accordance with Article 29, clause 2 drivers are prohibited from the operation of the vehicle, if the mass of the car or the load on the axis exceeds the norm by more than 2%.
Except from this rule There are any types of vehicles belonging to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
How calculated
In order not to get administrative punishment before transporting goods, it is recommended to calculate the mass of the car and the load on each axis of the car.
Mass of vehicles and axial load are related to the following ratio:
Auto weight \u003d load on the front axle + load on the axis 2 + ... + load on the axis n
For example, for a car, gas 3302 having two axes, this ratio has the following form:
3200 (maximum or full mass Auto) \u003d 1200 (load on the front axle) + 2300 (load on the rear axle).
If the calculation is made for a trailer consisting of tractor and trailer, then to determine parameters, you should be guided by the following instruction:
- in accordance with the passport data, we determine the mass of the car and the mass of the trailer;
- we learn from the supplier the actual weight of the cargo. This parameter must be reflected in the invoice;
- the load between the tractor and the trailer, as a rule, is distributed in accordance with 25% by 75%, respectively. From here you can calculate the load on the trailer, which is 0.75 * (mass of the trailer + weight of the cargo);
- according to the rules, the load on the trailer extends evenly on each axis. Knowing the mass of the trailer with the cargo and the number of axes can be determined which load applies to each axis (the mass of the trailer with the load / number of axes);
- next, the load on the axis of the car is determined. To do this, we need a mass of the trailer with a load * 0.25 + mass of cars;
- the load on the rear axle is 75% of the entire load on the machine and 25% on the front axle.
For example, the mass of the car according to the passport is 5 tons, and the mass of the three-axis trailer is 10 tons. It is planned to transport a weight of 15 tons.
That is the full mass of cars 30 t
To determine the overload, use the table presented in Appendix 2 to the Government Decree No. 272.
The table shows the permissible values \u200b\u200bfor certain types of transport and percentage deviations from the values \u200b\u200bobtained and will be overloaded.
For example, normative values \u200b\u200bfor a tractor consisting of a tractor and a three-axis semi-trailer are:
After checking in the weight control point it turned out that the loads are distributed as follows:
Overload will be:
The permissible mass of the road train is equal to:
8 * 3 + 10,5 + 11.5 \u003d 46 t
The mass of the loaded car in the specified example is:
12.8 * 3 + 8.3 + 17.5 \u003d 64.2 t
This means that in the example, the example is also allowed by the permitted maximum mass in the amount of 18.2 tons
How the excess is punishable
For the deviation of the maximum allowed mass or load on the axis, administrative responsibility is provided.
Individual entrepreneur
In accordance with the note to Article 12.21.1, individual entrepreneurs are responsible as legal entities.
Legal entity
What punishment is provided for by the Administrative Code for overview of the motor vehicle? Is there an exceptionally penalties or law?
We will understand in more detail:
- If the excess of the allowed mass or load on any axis of a truck or road train is in the range of 2% - 10%, then the following sanctions will be applied (Article 12.21.1. Main 1):
- If the overview of the axis or car is more than 10%, but less than 20%, then Article 12.21.1, part 2 of the COAP provides for the following sanctions:
- If the motor transport is in the range of 20% - 50%, then (Article 12.21.1. Main 3):
- If, after the inspection, the overload will be more than 50%, then (Article 12.21.1. Part 6):
Until recent events, everyone had the term "5-tonnik", "10-tonner" and other "tunnels" and they were used to designate the car carrying capacity. "Petrovich, tomorrow you need two 10 tonsnik!" - said the customer to the head of the transport workshop, and it was clear to everyone that for the transport of some cargo, two vehicles are needed by a carrying capacity of not lower than 10 tons. With the advent of Plato, the term "12-tonner" appeared and it means not a loading capacity at all, but allowed maximum massAs applied to the current situation "12-tons" is any truck whose allowed maximum mass exceeds 12 tons.
Permitted maximum mass It is installed by the company by the manufacturer and is indicated in the TCP - this is the mass of the car + the maximum allowable weight of the cargo (passengers). For example, let's say the mass of the vehicle without a load of 9 tons, and the allowed maximum mass of 25 tons means that the mass of the cargo transported along with the driver, spare wheels, the diesel fuel in the tank should not exceed (25-9) 16 tons, in the case of a route there are parameters tractor and semi-trailer / trailer. And once again emphasizing your attention is set by manufacturers - simple words "we make such cars, you can carry so much cargo."
In the laws and acts of regulating the movement of the vehicle and the transportation of goods or passengers on the roads are used maximum allowable mass or simply maximum mass and means a mass of the vehicle with a load or without. Simple words "on this road you can go on a truck weighing no more (some kind of meaning) and that the manufacturers have identified there, no more than the sign is written."
The maximum mass is determined by addition axial loads TC. The axial load is a mass transmitted through the axis of the vehicle to the surface car expensive. For different roads, axial loads can different, for different types TC Axial loads can vary (affect the range distances, the number of axes in the trolley, the rope and type of suspension). Simple words "You have 2 axes, weighing 8 tons and a 3-axis trailer weighing 7 tons, on this road the most dusty mass can not exceed 38 tons, it means that you can carry 38-8-7 \u003d 23 with the right location of the cargo in the trailer tons. "
If, when adding axial loads, the maximum mass exceeds 44 tons This carriage falls into the category of heavy and requires the design of a special permit, coordination of the route in regulatory bodies and payment of duties for increased damage to roads.
If the maximum mass of the vehicle is over 80 tons, then the development of a special project is necessary, which may require, such as strengthening bridges on the movement route.
The question of the masses and loads, of course, is much deeper and in one post to cover all aspects difficult, but to understand the main points, I think that you will be useful.
