VAZ 21213 "Niva" is one of the most successful and iconic developments for the Volga Automobile Plant. It can be said that Niva is the most significant model in the entire history of the domestic automotive industry. Initially this car It was characterized as a passenger-driven 4x4. What secrets hides this model, what does she have under the hood and how long did it exist? About all this and not only - further in our article.
History of production
The serial release of the car VAZ Niva 21213 began in 1977. In the development of this SUV, the most famous design engineers of the USSR were involved. Probably, it is the cohesion of all actions of the design of the design bureau who allowed to create a car characterized by high permeability, light weight and unpretentiousness in service.
VAZ "Niva" 21213 is the first in the history of domestic automotive vehicles a car, which was created specifically for off-road driving, travels to the most hard-to-reach places, as well as for fishing and hunting trips. This contributed not only to four-wheel drive and powerful in the other times the gasoline engine, but also practical body layout - folding backseat It allowed to be placed inside the "Niva" various household goods weighing up to several hundred kilograms.
Domestic "Range Rover"?
What unites domestic with the British Rover? At first glance, absolutely nothing. However, it is only worth noticeing to the technical part, and everything will become clear. The fact is that on "Niva" used an unleated drive on all four wheels with a handout and an inter-axle blocked differential. It was the "filling" that was at the British Ranj Rover in the 70s. Thanks to this equipment, the domestic SUV could easily overcome Brody, ravines and other off-road. At that time, the new Soviet jeep had no analogues from the point of view of passability and comfort.
On the body of the SUV.
It is worth saying that initially VAZ Niva 21213 was not all-metal. The first experimental modifications of the SUV under consideration had an open body, the roof of which was covered with a tarpaulter (such a convertible increased passibility). However, the mass production included only models with a solid metal body, which we are now visible on the streets.
Equipment and comfort
At first glance, VAZ "Niva" 21213 is the Volga analogue of the Ural UAZ 469th model. Yes, in chassis And the passability is almost the Siamese twins, but inside they are completely different. The front row of seats - with head restraints, the back is adjustable along the length and corner of the tilt, the rear row consists to increase the luggage space. On request "Niva" worked in a washer and cleaner rear glassas well as an electric windows heater. According to today's standards, the equipment of the Volga SUV is almost ascetic, but in the 70s about such luxury things did not even dreamed.
Soul mates!
One of the most significant features of this car was that the bulk of the parts and the aggregates was "perhaps" from the passenger models of the same vase (mostly "six"). So, based on the Soviet engineers, the engine, rear axle and gearbox were designed.
VAZ "Niva" 21213: Specifications
Initially, the car was equipped with a 4-cylinder carburetor Engine volume of 1.6 liters. Next, they walked new modifications, resulting in a ruler power plants Replenished 1.3-liter motor, but he did not use particularly popular with car enthusiasts.
As for the gearbox, "Niva" was equipped with a four-stage mechanical gearbox With synchronizers on the transmission of the front turn. A little later, the SUV began to be staffed a more advanced transmission - on 5 steps. Do not forget about the transfer box, which allowed the SUV to overcome any off-road. Two-stage "Distribution" with an inter-axis differential had a compulsory blocking. It consisted of cardan shafts Rear and front axles, as well as an intermediate shaft.
The suspension also had their own technical features. The front was independent, on transverse swinging levers with hydraulic shock absorbers, springs and stability stabilizer, which prevented tipping the car on turns. Rear suspension - dependent, with cylindrical springs, one transverse barbell and four longitudinal. As the front, equipped with several hydraulic shock absorbers.
The first modernization of the domestic SUV
As not strange, but the first modernized model "Niva" went into mass production only 16 years later. Moreover, in the technical part of the car, almost nothing has changed - all the details and aggregates of the 1977 sample! The exception was a new DVS, but a little later about him.
The main changes affected only appearance "Niva". New modification It has a more elongated body and slightly modified stop signals from behind. By the way, the lid of the trunk now opened only from the salon. The bumper remained metallic, but now it is painted in light gray color. In general, the exterior of the car is not distinguished by special sophistication and steepness. However, today off-road tuning VAZ 21213 ("Niva"), which is to install snores, new disks and other aggregates, allows you to substantially reflect appearance car.
Inside, the change was also minimal - seats and the instrument panel became similar to "Lady" (from VAZ 2108). What do the owners say? According to reviews, "Niva" 21213 after modernization, it became more comfortable, however, the old flaws (skews of the back and constant noise inside) the designers could not be avoided yet.
And now about the technical part. The upgraded version of "Niva" since the beginning of 1993 is equipped with a new gasoline engine With an enlarged working volume - up to 1.7 liters. For the first time on the SUV, a non-contact ignition system was applied. Changed and carburetor. Improved brake system. The main transmission of the PPC now has ratio 3.9. Silencer has undergone small changes. Now its body is not welded, as the former, and fastened (like the "Lada" of the eighth model).
As practice shows, new modifications in system of KBS And the transmissions made it possible to significantly reduce the VAZ "Niva" SUV 21213 fuel consumption. So, on the "hundred" car spends about 13 liters in the city and up to 11 liters on the highway.
Export versions of "Niva" had a central fuel injection, equipped with an unconquisible drive of wheels with an inter-axis differential and "distributing" with a downward side. At the request of the customer, the car could be equipped with a French diesel engine from "Peugeot" with a working volume of 1.9 liters. But, unfortunately, it was only a single case.
Conclusion
Despite the fact that today many competitors have appeared for "Niva" 2121, this SUV still was, there is also the best friend of hunters, fishermen and just off-road lovers. Thanks to the almost complete absence of electronics VAZ 2121 - this is perhaps the only jeep that can easily conquer any section of the road (with the exception of its Urals brethren of the brand "UAZ").
Four-wheel drive Niva (VAZ-2121) and its features
Any vAZ car Differs from Niva. And not only VAZ, but any other. The fact is that Niva has a permanent four-wheel drive. It demanded introduction to the transmission (link between wheels and engine) dispensing box. Because of this, the differences there is a big confusion and many questions. Here are the answers to some of them.
1. No car without differential. What it is? it mechanical devicedistributing in two wheels traction force from the engine and providing them with the ability to spin at different speeds. Differential is vital to the car - when you turn the inner wheel the path is less, and external - more. If there were no differential, it would be a strong rubber wear or when turned one wheel toxic, rotating faster, the other would slow down, rotating slower. All this would provoke a skid. And the loads in the axis would be very high.
In the transmission of the drive of the Niva of such differentials three. one in each bridge (intercoles) so that the wheels have a different speed of rotation and one more, the inter-axis. Located in the distribution, to distribute traction efforts between bridges. This differential allows the wheels of different axes to move at different speeds. With ordinary straight movement without slipping, traction effort all differentials are divided in half, and all wheels enter the same torque. When the wheel is slipped through the differential, the entire torque will go to the axle wheel, and the traction force of other wheels will decrease.
2. One of the main misconceptions regarding the drive of Niva, this is a myth of the possibility of connecting the front drive using the front handle "Distribution". The fact is that the Niva "Front" is always included, this is a car with an unconfused full-wheel drive. And the mentioned handle changes the operation of the distribution differential. When the handle is positioned, the differential works, when the position is back, is blocked. Why is it necessary? When the lock is disconnected, the traction force between the axes is distributed equally, if the inter-axis differential is blocked, then the traction force is distributed completely differently. In this case, the traction force is transmitted towards greater resistance. If, for example, the rear wheel drops, then the entire moment goes to the axle wheel. But if you turn on the inter-axis blocking, then the torque will begin to enter the front axle, and the Niva will be able to overcome the obstacle. If at the same time I will reduce and front wheel, then the Niva will not be able to accurately. True, if you put the intercolored differential lock, and there are such automatic lockable differentials, the Niva will be able to leave on one wheel.
3. Another delusion associated with the drive of Niva: when switching back handle (big) we increase engine power. This is not true. This handle can be changed for the transmission gear ratio between wheels and the engine and change the traction force on wheels. In the distribution, except for differential, there is a lowering gearbox, which is like a two-stage gearbox. The work of this gearbox and controls this pen. When you turn on the reduced transmission, we shift the operation of the PPC towards the transfer of increased traction. The speed of movement is significantly reduced.
Therefore, before off-road it is best to include reduced transmission, which will increase the traction effort. Include and disable it best on the car.
http://auto-vnedorozhnik.ru.
Permanent four-wheel drive. Is it good or bad? The transmission of the Niva is constructed in such a way that the torque from the engine is transmitted to the checkpoint further on the transfer box in which the intercoles differential is installed. Which divides 50x50 torque between the front and rear axle. Next, the moment goes to the front and the rear axle differentials of which the torque between the wheels 50x50 is also divided. The uniform distribution of the torque allows the full drive elasticly. In the usual state when hanging one of the wheels, the torque on a posted wheel will be passed 4 times faster due to two two differentials. That is, if the car is stuck and one of the wheekers of the least loaded, it does not matter front or the rear it will rotate 4 times faster than the surplus. If you assume the speed of rotation on the first transmission of 20 km h. At the outlet, the wheel will produce all 80. The dispensing box is provided with a rigid blocking of the inter-axis differential which allows you to synchronously transmit torque to the front and rear axle, that is, turn on the constant rigid four-wheel drive.
In this case, if there is a diagonal posting, then the moment will be transmitted to the front and rear wheel with a smaller clutch with the soil. Accordingly, due to the differentials, the speed of rotation of these wheels will double. The dispensing box also has a lower transmission that enhances the torque transmitted to bridges and lower the speed of rotation.
Two short lever, the first closer to the panel is blocking the mid-sieve differential, the second inclusion of the reduced transmission. So for what I am writing this. Niva has one property. It on a slippery road with a non-blocked differential may unexpectedly unfold by losing control. Moreover, this happens instantly, even an experienced driver does not have time to respond to such ald. Why write about it. There was a time when I worked on the Niva and drove the post in the area. He studied her habits along and across. Of course, it has excellent permeability, even with a non-blocked differential. When moving and accelerating, the torque is distributed across the floor along the axes. And only hanging one of the wheels can stop motion. But the Niva has a long-time suspension and wheels almost always have a grip with a soil. Therefore, the redistribution between the wheels is uniformly and the four-wheel drive works as it should be.
Niva perfectly overcomes dirt, sand, snowy drifts. And almost any intersection area. But this article is not about all-time features of the machine A on the features of management at slippery time. Namely, rolled winter road, ice, soil with a small clutch.
I repeatedly got into the situation of a complete turn of the car on a slippery road, and if the machine began to deploy it no longer change, it is not to adjust the wheel and the increase of gas. Especially if this happens at sufficient speed. The shares of the second and the car rides the back on the feet. The driver does not even have time to respond. But this is if differential is not blocked. Although the four-wheel drive is permanently! Such aulges is the norm. And now I want to hold a justification of this fact. What is it connected with?
For this, a small excursion and comparison with other drives. And for example, take the rear-wheel drive. On the example of classics 2101-2107
Rotation is made only on rear wheels. At slippete time, it is necessary to work very carefully a gas pedal, a small error causes a breakdown to slip and at that moment when maneuvera or bypass one of the wheels can easily deploy. Moreover, the engine located in the front of the machine loads the front axle. The light back does not load the leading wheels as a result of the lack of clutch and loading the main axis of the wheels.
But drivers adapt. Winter tires + Ballast in the trunk of 50-60 kg and you can move. Taken rear drive It occurs both at acceleration and when resetting gas. But drivers know these habits. Therefore, you can adapt and everything is so driving.
Front drive on a slippery road much more preferable rear. Drive wheels are loaded with + they are also pulling the car behind them in turn. The only difference that entering the turn does not dump gas otherwise the ass can throw and turn the car.
And so returning to the full drive to the Nive. When the inter-axis differential is turned off, the torque between the bridges is divided by half. But the load on the front and rear axis is different. The engine is loaded by the engine with a box and dispensing box. Little car rear axle rear axle. Now imagine the situation movement on slippery road. The driver is completely self-confident, four-wheel drive is always included, what to fear. When moving and acceleration, everything is fine. The car is confidently rides in a slippery road and on the lifting. But the driver dropped the gas before the obstacle was a little better than the helm. The rear wheels are already less loaded to pay a part of the load on the front wheels. The front wheels have a good clutch and still will be enabled. Relieving they slow down the movement of the car, but a part of the load on the back as a result is redistributed through the inter-axis differential, the force directed towards the unloaded rear wheels. I repeat the car is braking the transmission! Engine turns fall and are brake. I continue, through a good grip of the front loaded wheels, the moment will turn back to the transmission of the wheels forcing the engine to spin while it slows down. But it is necessary between the axial differential and it is not blocked, which means part of the energy goes to the rear axle, and that the engine will win or unwind the engine or the rear wheels will begin to slide and how only the loss of the clutch begin, the wheels first slow down the rotation later the torque with the ease will betray front Bridge On the rear, and the rear wheels will have a slow-moving effect. While the front wheels will be spinning without blocked, the rear will also spin, but at a lesser speed in the error on front Differential. And in the end, what does this mean? Full loss of clutch rear axis With expensive. It's just Sani. Therefore, with any maneuver, the car will instantly unfold and there is nothing to do here. Feature of such a transmission. Therefore, on slippery coating, it is necessary to block the inter-semicircle differential. Then the torque and the braking moment is transmitted hard to two axles and the machine has good stability.
The car VAZ 2121, in other words, "Niva" - entered mass production in the 70s of the last century. Such a car refers to the class passenger cars High passability. In the history of the domestic auto industry "Niva" was the first car, in the design of which used four-wheel drive. Consider a details of the transmission device. This should be done in order to understand why, taking into account almost 40-year history, the Niva transmission differs from many other similar machines equipped with a full-wheel drive and the possibility of switching by a classic way or with the help of the Vussft.
Transmission to a number of the "Niva" family (2121, 2131) is designed in such a way that the four-wheel drive is fed by 4 wheels. Also characteristic is the presence of an inter-axis differential. The transmission includes KP, distributing mechanism, a pair of cardan shafts, as well as both bridges. The characteristic difference between the model 2131 is the elongated body. Otherwise, preferential similarities with the first model are traced in everything. From the motor there is a torque transmission through the gearboxes to "distribution", and it, in turn, transfers the moment to the bridges.
Further around cardan shafts It goes to the gearboxes. Front gear Through the differential and hinges of equal angular velocities transmits a moment on the wheels. Similarly for the rear, also protruding leading wheels. It is precisely because the torque is distributed to 4 wheels at the same time, the drive got the name of the full one. The designation is the following - 4WD. Another domestic car, arranged by a similar principle with "Niva" - UAZ.
Such a mechanism is a kind of distributor of traction efforts from the motor on the wheels. An important feature is that the latter have the ability to rotate at different speeds. The importance of the presence of a differential mechanism is due to the fact that during the maneuvering of rotation of the wheel inside, performs the number of revolutions less, if you compare them with the number of turns of the external. 
In the absence of a differential mechanism, this would cause detrimental consequences, such as wear and damage, because the following would be obtained: one wheel when the rotation was performed in a clause, and the second just rubbed about road covering. Features of the design of the transmission "Niva" provide for the presence of 3 differentials. They are located in each of the bridges and in the dispensing mechanism.
When moving the car by roven road And straightly differentials, the thrust force is divided equally between all 4-wheels. In case of insufficient clutch of wheels with a coating, the appearance of slipping differentials will redistribute the load on the axle and sliding wheel so that the first is more effort, and the second, respectively, less.
We have already mentioned UAZ. Despite many similarities, it should be understood that the four-wheel drive of the VAZ is made in the style of Pat-Time. This means that when the axis is connected, it is firmly associated with each other, and the rotation occurs with the same speeds. Such a device imposes some restrictions on the use of a full drive - the possibility of its application only in cases where road conditions allow slippage. In cases of solid asphalt roads and routes, it is recommended to translate the car to the monolode mode.
Blocking Differentials
Sometimes you can find a misconception on the topic of though you need a small handle next to the switching lever at Niva. Some car owners believe that it is needed to connect the front drive. but front-wheel drive W. this car Connected constantly. Like the rear. Car family "Niva" four-wheel drive is permanent. The handle actually serves to switch the operating modes of the differential dispensing mechanism.
In the "Forward" position, the operation of the differential flows as usual, if you move it back, the differential is blocked, and the motor efforts come to the bridge differentials, which makes the drive more hard. It is worth noting that there are also special types of locks for the front and rear axles.
In theory when applied under conditions, when the machine is stuck, it will be able to overcome the obstacle in the presence of sufficient clutch with a coating at least one wheel. In this case, the differential lock is better to carry out an obstacle before overcoming, but can never be done after entering heavy to overcome the area. Such an application of blocking will avoid wear and damage to the transmission.
Row
You can often encounter a link to the following type: the rear handle switch can increase the power characteristics of the motor. But this is not true. It serves to change the gear ratio between the motor and wheels. With an increase in it will increase traction efforts on wheels. The transfer mechanism also has a lower reducer.
Here's its work and can be controlled by rear handle. When switching back the lever, we will have a gear ratio in the form of 2,135 - this is a reduced transmission. The inclusion of such a transfer to the downgrade is recommended only when the machine is standing and the clutch is squeezed. Despite the fact that the management of such a limitation does not contain, beginners and inexperienced drivers "Niv" it is not recommended to switch during the movement, since the distribution mechanism "Niva" is not equipped with a synchronizer.
In order for driving your car to be comfortable, check out some important moments:
- The usual, standard arrangement of the front and rear handle - back and forth, respectively. Movement with this mode can be carried out in areas characterized by a smooth and smooth coating.
- Block differential by switching the front handle to the rear position is best on the roads characterized by increased slipperyness. Such a measure will give "Niva" sustainability. It is worth understanding that after overcoming the problem area, the handle will need to be returned to its original position.
- As noted earlier, the transfer to a decrease should be activated before the probable obstacle, but not at the time when the car is already stuck.
- It is worth understanding that the inclusion of blocking on a fixed car is sometimes impossible, even if squeeze the grip. This may be caused by the fact that the clutch teeth rested into the gear teeth. In this case, you can try to activate the blocking by starting slow motion and performing a non-crime rotation. If problems arise with off lock, it is recommended to perform the same procedure when squeezed clutch and slightly swaying the steering wheel.
Creating the first SUVs, about such a component, as comfort, almost no manufacturer thought. Yes, and what it is, if the main consumers of such machines were armed forces. But over time, the development of a car, combining the high passability of the SUV and the comfort of the family sedan, many. It is gratifying that one of the pioneers in this was our country
The history of the creation of a domestic SUV has been produced in the summer of the distant 1970. At the newly launched Volzhsky Automotive, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers Alexey Nikolayevich Kosygin granted a visit. Then the question arose about the possibility of creating a comfortable car with a wheel formula 4x4 intended for workers agriculture. At that time, one phrase of a high official was enough to start working on the all-wheel drive machine. And not only on a vase. Many presented their projects automobile plants THE USSR. It is impossible to say that the appearance of a compact all-terrestrial trip was simple. Only seven years after the visit of Kosygin, April 5, 1977, the mass production of VAZ2121 began. But the result was impressed. It is enough to say that the design of the car turned out to be so innovative for that time that later, many ideas applied on it moved to the models of leading world manufacturers, and the Niva itself still remains the most popular SUV in Russia.
Body and Salon
Unlike the overwhelming majority of all-terrain vehicles, there is no thirty years ago in Niva carrier frame. Its role is directly the power structure of the body. As with all the products of domestic producers, its corrosion resistance leaves much to be desired. Therefore, the annual anti-corrosion processing of the machine is perceived as inevitable, akin to trips to scheduled maintenance.
However, even if this rule is compliance with the formation of through holes in the thresholds for a long time, there are few people get. In addition, it is necessary to carefully monitor the state of the ventilation holes in the lower edges of the doors and thresholds (if they are clogged with mud or compositions for the anticorrium, the moisture is beginning to accumulate in the internal cavities of these parts, which is noticeably accelerating the corrosion process). With frequent acquaintances of the car with another anti-icing reagent, spars in the front of the car very quickly rust, and traces of corrosion in places of welding body elements may appear in the first year of operation. But, perhaps, the most vulnerable place is part of the floor in the area of \u200b\u200bfixing a transfer box. In the absence of due processing, he simply rotates. Not to a lesser extent to the destruction of this site also contributes to vibrations from the transmission. Therefore, many experienced "nivodes", often leaving solid coatings, reinforce this place an additional sheet of iron. The dorestayling version of "Niva" with the factory index 2121 had a short trunk door: its lower edge is one of the most rapid places in the car. On the renewed model 21213, the opening of the door of the cargo compartment was lowered to the rear bumper, and the anti-corrosion resistance of the third door increased somewhat. By the way, if it can only be opened on the VAZ-2121 outside, then on the upgraded version - exclusively from the cabin with a handle located at the knee of the rear left passenger.
An interesting feature in the body design for those who often use the "Niva" as a tow truck. If the front towing eye is screwed directly to the spar and withstand heavy loads, then the back is attached to the joint body details, therefore, there are cases when, with high loads, it was died with part of the elements of the body itself
Engine
The first serial VAZ-2121 was equipped with a 1.6-liter carburetor motor, which had a model from VAZ-2106. The engine had the upper arrangement of camshaft with a drive through a roller multi-row chain. Generally force aggregate It is considered quite reliable and unpretentious. A little later for countries where the tax depends on the volume of the engine, a version with a 1.3-liter engine was prepared. We have similar specimens practically do not occur. After modernization in 1994, the car that received the index 21213 began to be equipped with a 1.7-liter carburetor engine with contactless system ignition. In comparison with the precursor unit, he had a noticeably better burden on Nizakh, but it was more prone to detonation in the consumption of poor-quality fuel. VAZ-2131 equipped with 1.8 liters with motors.
On all carburetor versions in the cooling system, a mechanical drive radiator fan was used crankshaft. The substantial minus of this scheme is an insufficient air flow to the radiator when the engine is running on idling. Therefore, in traffic jams, especially in hot weather, working temperature Very quickly rises above the critical value. As a result, banal overheating, without preventing which on time, you can "get" to serious engine repair. Salted this problem only with the advent of the VAZ-21214, where two electric drive fans are installed. Frequent problems With overheating, these cars are not observed. In addition, the motor of this version instead of the carburetor received a injection system. Applied both the central firm GM and the multipoint Bosch. A slightly recycled and system of gas distribution, applying gap hydrocompensators in the valve drive. On the one hand, this innovation helped get rid of frequent procedures on their adjustment, and on the other, the engine became more demanding on the quality of the oil.
Opinion expert
_niva_Page_3_Image_0011.jpg)
Most often on "Niva" the following malfunctions are found in the engine: the tensioners and calm of the timing chain fail, after the overhaul, the fourth cylinder partition is thinned, and the motor begins to overheat. On machines 2121 and 21213, a mechanical drive fan was installed, so the engine is often overheated at idle.
According to the transmission: often "crashes" the fifth gear, since the load on the box designed for VAZ-2106 is an order of magnitude higher. The clutch usually maintains 40-50 thousand km, however, during the occupation of off-roud it can be burned in one day. The elastic coupling of the wneeves is wearing over time, as a result of which vibrations are significantly enhanced. Crosses need regular maintenance.
Ball supports in the front suspension also serve 40-50 thousand. Upper right rear silent block located near graduation system, overheats and faster others fails. Sometimes the reference axis of the front lower lever bends, it is necessary to strengthen it. The driving manner affects the wear of the steering is the "riders" they fail.
Transmission
Car raisin - permanent four-wheel drive. Starting from the very first "Niva" and to this day the scheme has not changed. As a mechanism that distributes torque between bridges is used symmetric free differential. To increase the passability, it has the possibility of forced blocking. In addition, as it should be a serious SUV, the transfer box has a decaying series.
Torque from Distribution on leading bridges is transmitted through shafts with two cardan hinge. The main drawback of the transmission "Niva" is increased vibrations. If they are almost not felt on a well-adjusted and serviceable car, then with the slightest imbalance in one of the elements responsible for the transmission of torque, the comfort in the cabin is noticeably deteriorating. The reasons for the appearance of vibrations are plenty - this is both the crusades in the cardan, and the smoke-sizing screenwheel, and broken slot compounds, as well as a violation of the centering of the dispensing box. Sometimes, with a long service with such a malfunction, the case of this node can burst the eye. True, due to the fact that they are not cast together with the corps, their replacement is not much difficult.
Due to the unification of the car's design with the Carter of the original handouts produced by passenger models, the original dispensing box is separated from the Carter of the gearbox borrowed from the classic "Zhiguli". Until 1994, an elastic compensating coupling and a cardan hinge was used as an intermediate shaft between the distribution and KP. After the 1994th, the output shaft of the gearbox and the input shaft of the dispensing began to connect the drive shaft in which the cross is replaced by the Sls. Thanks to this decision, it was possible to reduce vibration a little. By the way, recently, many owners began to use the shaft from Chevrolet Niva. With a more efficient vibration damper.
On many copies that have not used outside asphalt, a distribution control mechanism can be acidified. Since 1999, gears with fine-diesel teeth began to apply in it, as a result of which it was possible to significantly reduce the noise from the operation of the transmission. Starting from the 21213 model began to establish a five-speed mechanical box Transmissions instead of a four-stage. By the way, if the "quotient" was considered a practically an eternal unit, then problems appeared with the addition of another stage. Due to the oil starvation of the gear of the fifth transmission, the teeth crumble over time, and the housing in the place where this gear works can give cracks. Sometimes this happens after the mileage is only 30 thousand km. Repair will cost about 4000 rubles.
Hinges of equal angular velocities in the front wheel drive are quite reliable. However, with frequent shooters on off-road, their anthers quickly wear out and rush. Therefore, they need to closely follow, otherwise the breakdown is inevitable.
Rear axle - continuous beam, which does not usually deliver special problems. By the way, if it still will have to be repaired, then it must be remembered that the details of this node on modern and dorestayling versions of non-violent.
_niva_Page_7_Image_0001.jpg)
Not fine handling on hard coatings and the decent smoothness of the machine provides an independent front and dependent behind the spring suspension. Weakness In front - ball supportswhich sometimes do not care and 40 thousand km. Springs practically do not seek, keeping ground clearance Almost all life of the car is unchanged. With careful operation, there are no problems with shock absorbers, which sometimes can serve more than 100 thousand km. Cup of the steering gearbox and the pendulum arm of the worm steering mechanism of machines until 1994 release differ from the later installed. At the same time, the effort on the latter the latter is noticeably less, but the diameter of the reversal is greater. When modernizing in the pendulum levers, plastic sleeves were replaced by sliding bearings, although the first are considered more reliable. The steering shaft also changed: on the VAZ-21213 instead of solid steel, a trauma-free, consisting of several parts. Bearings in the hubs, both the front and rear wheels of special problems are not delivered, but it takes a periodic adjustment of the shutters of the tightening nuts.
Brake system
Regardless of the year of release, the car was equipped with front disc and rear drum braking mechanisms. The system includes one contour acting on the front wheels, the second - on all the wheels. Front brake pads Most often subject to replacement after 20-30 thousand km of mileage, and the rear - after 60-70 thousand km. When replacing the front, it is recommended to clean and lubricate the guides of the caliper, as they can overlook. Brake mechanisms The rear wheels of the first year of production are needed in constant adjustment of the gap. Cars since 1994 release in this operation do not need, since the working cylinders from the VAZ-2101 were replaced with those that were used on the VAZ-2105 models. Then they replaced the vacuum amplifier to more powerful from the VAZ-2108. Replacement brake fluid It is produced every 20-30 thousand km or every two years, depending on what comes before.
And other diseases ...
The traditional disease "Niva" is the same as all classic "Zhiguli" - frequent leaks of the cabin stove crane. You can heal from her, only replacing the factory product on ceramics, which is considered more reliable and durable.
In view of a sufficiently primitive electrical equipment scheme serious problems With it practically does not happen. And the biggest trouble in electrical scheme The fault of the oxidized contacts is not the most successful wiring.
All fuses are grouped in two blocks located on the left under the instrument panel. It is very important that due to the simplicity of the design of the transmission and the reception of electricity from another car do not threaten any problems.
In conclusion, I would like to say that, despite the mass of the shortcomings (the main of which, by the way, is far from the designistic miscalculation), "Niva" holds on the conveyor already the fourth ten and, apparently, it is not going to go on peace in the near future. And who else can offer a similar car at a very budget price?
As for congenital and acquired sores, so in our native fatherland with them for a long time and quite successfully learned to fight even in the most medium-hand car service.
Maintenance specifications "Niva"
| Modifications | VAZ-2121 | VAZ-21211 | VAZ-21213 | VAZ-21214. | VAZ-2131 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geometrical parameters | ||||||
| Long x width x height, mm | 3720x1680x1640. | 3720x1680x1640. | 3720x1680x1640. | 3720x1680x1640. | 4220x1680x1640. | |
| Wheel base, mm | 2200 | 2200 | 2200 | 2200 | 2700 | |
| Pitch in front / rear, mm | 1430/1400 | 1430/1400 | 1430/1400 | 1430/1400 | 1430/1400 | |
| Road clearance, mm | 220 | 220 | 220 | 220 | 220 | |
| Diameter of reversal, m | 11,0 | 11,0 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | |
| Corner of entry, hail. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | |
| Corner of the congress, hail. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | |
| Ramp angle, hail. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | |
| Standard tires | 175/80 R16 | 175/80 R16 | 175/80 R16 | 175/80 R16 | 175/80 R16 | |
| TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS | ||||||
| Engine | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.7I. | 1.8 | 1.8I. |
| Engine operating volume, cm 3 | 1570 | 1290 | 1690 | 1690 | 1774 | 1774 |
| Location / Colch. Cylinders | Inline / 4. | Inline / 4. | Inline / 4. | Inline / 4. | Inline / 4. | Inline / 4. |
| Power, kW (hp) / rpm | 58,8(80)/5400 | 46,8(63,6)/5600 | 58(78,9)/5200 | 59,5(81,1)/5000 | 60,5(82,3)/5200 | 62,3(85)/5000 |
| Torque, nm / rpm | 121,6/3000 | 92/3400 | 127/3200-3400 | 127,5/4000 | 139/3200 | |
| Transmission | 4mkp. | 4mkp. | 5mkp. | 5mkp. | 5mkp. | 5mkp. |
| Maximum speed, km / h | 132 | 125 | 137 | 142 | 135 | 142 |
| Acceleration time, with | 23,0 | 26,0 | 19,0 | 17,0 | 22,0 | 17,0 |
| Fuel consumption city / Route, l per 100 km | N.D. | 12,7* | 12,1/9,0 | 11,0* | 11,1* | 10,8* |
| Curb weight, kg | 1150 | 1150 | 1210 | 1210 | 1370 | 1370 |
| Full weight, kg | 1550 | 1550 | 1610 | 1610 | 1870 | 1870 |
| Fuel / tank tank, l | 45 / AI-92 | 45 / AI-92 | 42 / AI-92 | 42 / AI-92 | 84 / AI-92 | 84 / AI-92 |
_niva_Page_4_Image_0001.jpg)
Approximate prices for spare parts *, rub.
* For modification with a 3-door body (after restyling 1994)
