Today's design brake systems Most passenger cars are about the same. The brake system of the car consists of three types:
Basic (working) - serves to slow down vehicle And for his stop.
Auxiliary (Emergency) - a spare brake system required to stop the car at the failure of the main brake system.
Parking - The brake system that fixes the car during the parking lot and keeps it on the slopes, but may also be part of the emergency system.
Car brake system elements
If we talk about the components, the brake system can be divided into three groups of elements:
- brake drive (brake pedal; brake vacuum amplifier; main brake cylinder; wheel brake cylinders; pressure regulator, hoses and pipelines);
- brake mechanisms (brake drum or disk, as well as brake pads);
- components of auxiliary electronics (ABS, EBD, etc.).
Brake system
The process of operation of the brake system in most passenger cars is as follows: the driver presses the brake pedal, which, in turn, transmits an effort to the main brake cylinder through a vacuum brake amplifier.
Next, the main brake cylinder creates pressure brake fluid, peeled along the contour to the brake cylinders (in modern cars The system of two independent contours is almost always used: if one refuses, the second will allow the car to make a stop).
The wheel cylinders are then actuating the brake mechanisms: in each of them inside the caliper (if it comes to disk brakes), brake pads are installed, which, pressed against rotating brake discs, slow down the rotation.
To enhance security In addition to the above-described scheme, automakers began to install auxiliary electronic systemscapable of improving the efficiency and safety of braking. The most popular of them are an anti-lock system (Anti-Lock Braking System, ABS) and a brake force distribution system (ELECTRONIC BRAKEFORCE DISTRIBUTION, EBD). If ABS prevents the wheel lock during emergency braking, the EBD is prevalent: the control electronics uses ABS sensors, analyzes the rotation of each wheel (as well as the angle of rotation of the front wheels) when braking and individually dispensing the braking force on it.
All this allows the car to maintain a course stability, and also reduces the likelihood of its drift or demolition when braking in turn or on a mixed coating.
Diagnostics and malfunction of the brake system
The complication of the design of the brake systems led to a more extensive list possible breakdownsand to more difficult diagnosis. Despite this, many malfunctions can be diagnosed independently, which will allow you to eliminate problems at an early stage. Next we give signs of faults and most frequent reasons their occurrence.
1) Reducing the efficiency of the system as a whole:
Strong wear brake discs and / or brake shoes (late maintenance).
Reducing the friction properties of the brake pads (overheating of the brake mechanisms, the use of low-quality spare parts, etc.).
Wear wheel or main brake cylinders.
The failure of the vacuum brake amplifier.
Pressure in tires not provided for by the manufacturer of the car.
Installation of wheels, the size of which is not provided for by the manufacturer of the car.
2) Falling the brake pedal (or too "soft" brake pedal):
- "Recent" in the contours of the brake system.
The leakage of the brake fluid and as a result, serious problems with the car, up to the complete brake failure. It may be caused by the failure of one of the brake contours.
Boiling brake fluid (poor-quality liquid or non-compliance with the timing of its replacement).
Malfunction of the main brake cylinder.
Malfunction of workers (wheeled) brake cylinders.
3) Too "tight" brake pedal:
Vacuum amplifier breakdown or damage to its hoses.
Wearing elements of brake cylinders.
4) car care to the side when braking:
Uneven wear brake pads and / or brake discs (incorrect installation of elements; damage to the caliper; brake cylinder breakage; damage to the brake disc surface).
Malfunction or increased wear of one or more brake wheels (poor-quality brake fluid, poor-quality components or just natural wear of parts).
Failure of one of the brake contours (tightness damage brake pipes and hoses).
Uneven wear of tires. Most often it is caused by violation Installation angles of wheels (score-collapse) of the car.
Uneven pressure in the front and / or in the rear wheels.
5) Vibration when braking:
Damage to brake discs. Often caused by their overheating, for example, with emergency braking at high speed.
Damage wheel Disc or tires.
Incorrect wheel balancing.
6) Foreign noise when braking (can be expressed by a grinding or creak of brake mechanisms):
Wear pads before performing special indicator plates. Indicates the need to replace the pads.
Full wear of the friction pads of the brake pads. May be accompanied by the vibration of the steering wheel and the brake pedal.
Overheating brake pads or dirt and sand in them.
The use of low-quality or fake brake pads.
Offset caliper or insufficient lubrication of pins. Installing anti-graded plates or cleaning and lubrication of brake calipers is necessary.
7) Lamp "ABS" is burning:
Fault or clogging ABS sensors.
The failure of the block (modulator) ABS.
Open or bad contact in cable connection.
The fuse of the ABS system burned down.
8) BRAKE lamp is burning:
Tighten the hand brake.
Low level Brake fluid.
Malfunction of the brake fluid sensor.
Bad contact or broken joints of the manual brake lever.
Worn brake pads.
Faulty aBS system (See paragraph 7).
Periodicity of replacement of pads and brake discs
In all listed cases, it is necessary but best - not to allow critical wear of the details. For example, the difference in the thickness of the new and worn brake disc should not exceed 2-3 mm, and the residual thickness of the material of the pad must be at least 2 mm.
It is not recommended to be guided by car mileage when replacing brake elements is not recommended: in the conditions of urban ride, for example, the front pads can be wary in 10 thousand km, while in country trips can withstand 50-60 thousand km (rear pads, as a rule , wears an average of 2-3 times slower than the front).
It is possible to estimate the status of the brake elements, and without removing the wheels from the car: there should be no deep duct on the disk, and the metal part of the block should not be adjusted close to the brake disc.
Prevention of the brake system:
- Contact specialized service centers.
- On time change the brake fluid: manufacturers are recommended to conduct this procedure every 30-40 thousand mileage kilometers or every two years.
- New discs and pads need to run through: throughout the first kilometers after replacing parts, avoid intensive and long-term braking.
- Do not ignore test on-board computer Car: modern carsmobiles can warn about the need to visit the service.
- Use high-quality components that meet the requirements of the car manufacturer.
- When replacing the pads, it is recommended to use lubricant for calipers and clean them from dirt.
- Watch out for the condition of the car's wheels and do not use tires and discs whose parameters differ from the manufacturer recommended by the manufacturer.
Dear friends, if you are on the pages of our blog, then you archive to know about the brakes! I hardly imagine how you can control the car without brakes. Such an act is to compare, perhaps, with Kamikadze, who desired to die for the Great Emperor. We have nothing to do with it, but to know how the hydraulic brake system of the car is very useful.
And having learned, it will be pleasant to put on the brake pedal, imagining how everything moves and flows, slipping and cakes flashes ... After all, we do not agree with the statement - the "brakes came up with panties"
Let's proceed. For optimal control, any vehicle needs an appropriate car class brake system.
What is it needed for? It is extremely clear here - to reduce speed, to slow down, stop and performing any maneuver.
But in the case of a long parking, especially on the slope, a parking brake is needed to prevent spontaneous movement.
There are other brake systems. We will get acquainted with them, with their classification, types, principle of work and constructive features.
Modern cars are equipped with the following types of brake systems:
● work system;
● parking;
● auxiliary system;
● Spare.
Working brake system
The working brake system is the main and, accordingly, the most efficient. Used to reduce speed and stop. Drives when pressed by the driver with the right foot on pedal brakes, then a compression mechanism (brakes disk type) Or the rally (drum type brake) brake pads of brake mechanisms of all wheels at the same time.
Parking brake
The parking brake system serves to ensure the fixed state of the car with a long parking lot. Many drivers fix the car by turning on the first or rear transmission. True on the steep slope of this measure may not be enough.
The parking brake is also used to touch the road on the road with a slope. In this case, the right leg is on the gas pedals, and the left on the clutch pedals. Smoothly releasing the handbrake, turn on the clutch and simultaneously add gas, this eliminates the slope for a slope.
Spare brake system
The spare brake system was developed for the safety of the main worker, in case of failure. It can be made as an autonomous device, but most often performed as one of the circuits of the main system.
Auxiliary system
The auxiliary brake system is mainly equipped with heavy trucks, such as KAMAZ, MAZ, and naturally all foreign production trucks. Auxiliary systems reduce the load with the main in prolonged braking, for example, in mountain and hilly terrain.
For example, the so-called mountain brake. Braking occurs by the engine, when the car is moving on the transmission. The principle is that briefly, special flaps overlap intake and outlet nozzles, and the fuel for the engine operation is stopped. A vacuum is created in the cylinders and the engine begins to make it difficult to move the car, thereby slowing it.
Principle of operation and brake design
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Follow the principle of operation on hydraulic brakes:
- The driver is on the pedal, which leads the piston in the main brake cylinder. The brake amplifier is automatically connected, reducing the load on the brake pedal;
- The liquid through the pipelines transmits pressure to the brake mechanisms that create resistance to the rotation of the wheels - braking occurs;
- When removing the leg with the pedal, the return spring pulls the piston backward, as a result of which the pressure is reduced, the released fluid is sent back to the main cylinder - the wheels are disengaged.
Hydraulic brake system
Brake mechanisms and hydraulic system drives:
- high pressure brake hoses;
- brake pedal;
- working brake cylinders of the front and rear wheels;
- brake vacuum amplifier;
- pipelines;
- the main brake cylinder with a tank.
Note: Domestic rear-wheel drive cars have a scheme with a separate fluid supply from the main cylinder to the front and rear wheels. Some foreign cars and front-wheel drive vases have a circuit circuit "Left front and right rear", plus "right front and left back".
- contour, right rear - left front brake mechanisms;
- signal sensor
- contour left rear - right front brake mechanisms;
- tank brake fluid main brake cylinder;
- main brake cylinder
- vacuum brake amplifier
- brake pedal
- pressure regulator between continiers
- brake cable, parking
- brake mechanism - rear wheel
- adjustable parking brake tip
- parking Brake Drive Lever
- brake mechanism wheel front
Mechanical brake system
Mechanical - in the parking brake system. Although the recent models use the electric drive, then it is called the electromechanical handle.
For the coordinated and safe operation of the brakes, modern cars are equipped with all sorts of electronic blocksImproving their work: ABS, amplifier emergency braking, brake force distribution unit.
Pneumatic brake system
Pneumatic drive is used mainly on heavy vehicles.
The difference between this system from hydraulic in the fact that instead of the brake fluid, air operates in the system. The air pads are sampled by the brake pads, and the air pressure in the system provides a special compressor that run from the engine through the belt transmission.
Combined drive
Combined drive is a combination of several types of brake systems. For example, combining hydraulic drive with air, electric and pneumatic, there are such.
Types of brake mechanisms
Most cars are equipped with friction type mechanisms that use the principle of friction forces. They are located in the wheel and in design are divided into drum and disc.
Previously, the drum mechanisms were installed on the rear wheels, and the disk on the front. Now they can put the same types on all axes - both drum and disc.
Drum.
Drum type or in everyday life - the drum mechanism is two pads, a cylinder and a tie spring, which are installed on the site in the brake drum.
Friction pads are glued on the pads (I can also be sticked).
The pads of the lower part are fixed on the supports, and the upper - tie spring rests in the pistons of the wheeled cylinders.
In not the inhibitory mode between the shoe and the drum there is a gap that provides free rotation of the wheels.
When fluid flow into the cylinder, the pistons diverge and push the pads that come into contact with the drum and brake wheels.
It is known that in such a design, the front and rear pads wear out unevenly.
Disk.
The disk option includes:
● Caliper fixed on the suspension, in its body are located internal and outer brake cylinders (there is a variant with one cylinder) and pair of pads;
● disk fixed on the hub.
In the case of braking, the pistons pressed the pads to the rotating disk, and stop it.
Comparative characteristics.
Drum option is cheaper and easier in production. It is characterized by the effect of mechanical self-esteem, which is expressed in the fact that during long-term pressure on the pedal significantly increases the power of braking. This is due to the fact that the pads are connected at the bottom on the other, and friction on the front drum enhances the pressure of the rear.
But the disk variant is less and easier, and its temperature resistance is better due to rapid cooling. Also change the worn disc shods is easier than the drum, which is important if you are repaired by yourself.
We hope that you were interested, but this is not the last conversation about the brakes. Subscribe to newsletter and share knowledge.
See you soon!
One of the most advanced inventions of mankind can be called cars. Their features of operation are determined by the fact that all systems should work as efficiently as possible, all possible cases during operation are provided at the time of the design of each model. All this is due to the fact that while driving at high speed there is a danger to those who are inside the vehicle, and for those who are outside. Systems that are intended to increase traffic safety can be called a braking mechanism. He pays great attention to him.
Purpose of the brake system
The brake system is used to regulate the speed of movement or to fix the car during rest. Special control skills allow you to use brakes for sharp, complex maneuvers that are not associated with a decrease in the speed of movement.
If the engine and other systems allow you to dial the speed, then the brakes are resetting it. Naturally, they are more reliable and perfect, the better braking takes place.
History of creation
In order to understand the principle of operation of the system that can reduce speed in a few seconds, attention should be paid to the history of its creation. Such a perfect system was not immediately obtained, but by samples and errors that identified both the name of the systems and their operational qualities.
The history of the creation of the first mechanisms that allowed to reduce the speed begins with the manpiece. At high speeds, the horse could not stop the wagon itself quickly, so they began to use leverage systems when the block was pressed to the rod. Until 1920, such a system was used on the first cars.
Then for one trip I had to change the leather lining several times, as it quickly grieved. A similar, but improved system to this day is used on high-speed bikes.
In the early 20th century, cars began to accelerate up to speed above 100 km / h. It was then that it became clear that it was the brake system that would not improve the car. Interesting fact You can call that it is disc brakes that appeared first. However, the materials used in the manufacture were determined by a strong grinding at the time of movement. Therefore, drum systems began to use very popular. At that time, they were enough for only 2 thousand traveled paths.
Until 1953, drum brake systems were performed. And only after this year was developed a different system that was based on the use of disks. After that, the design will be enhanced and when creating modern cars.
Classification of brake systems
There are quite a few variants of brake systems. Not all of them are used when designing cars. For purpose, you can allocate the following classification:
- The mechanism of workforce is necessary to regulate the speed of the machine while driving. This version of the fulfillment is the most popular, as it is used throughout the move. Recently, the design of this system is significantly complicated by inclusion in the system. various devices According to the control of the effort, slippage of the wheels and so on.
- The parking type brake is applied at the time of parking or short stop. According to the established rules, it is the parking brake to be used at the time of stop under the hill, on the traffic light and in other similar cases. Often, the system can be used with a special lever, modern cars have an electrical switch. On the passenger cars The cable is laid from the lever, which immediately goes to the rear wheels. Cargo have air system With installed energy accumulators.
It can also be noted auxiliary brake system, which is often included in the design trucksbuses. Its work is based on the overlap of the exhaust pipeline, which serves fuel to the engine. Use the system with a long descent, since the working can overheat and lose its effectiveness. We will also consider what brakes There are still on the type of drive.
An important indicator can also be called what type of system drives actuating mechanismwhich directly performs braking. For this indicator you can allocate:
- Mechanical drive. Used on old cars. It has high reliability, but at the same time a small efficiency of work. The mechanical drive was based on the use of a system for bringing the executive body into motion, when pressed on the pedal.
- Hydraulic gained widespread use when creating modern passenger cars. Its work is based on non-compressibility working fluid. The system is represented by several executive bodies, and the pressure is transmitted using fluid.
- The pneumatic system works on the basis of compressed air. Like liquid, gaseous substances have a compressibility limit. That is why gaseous substances, often air, are used to transfer efforts.
- There is also a combined version of the execution when the system uses both air and liquid. Often, such a system can be found on trucks and buses.
- The electronic version of the execution is extremely rare, since the reliability of this system is at a relatively low level. AC Rule than simply system, it is more reliable. That is why the electric braking system is rarely rarely carried out when the team on the executive body is transmitted using electricity.
The type of drive to a greater extent determines the features of the brake system.
In addition to the above features, the type of executive body should also be noted. According to this indicator, the following systems can be distinguished:
- The combination of the drum and the pressure mechanism with the pads is the previously most common actuator, which is often installed buses and cars category "C". Its peculiarity can be called that friction force arises inside the drum.
- The brake system based on the disk and the presser caliper is used when creating all modern cars. A feature of this system can be called a combination of a disk that rotates with the wheel, and the caliper that performs compressing the pads for braking.
Most effective system The combination of disk and caliper is considered. The use of new materials in the manufacture of linings that create the force of friction can significantly increase the reliability of the system under consideration.
Advantages of disk brakes
When considering almost all modern cars, it should be noted that they have disk system. This is due to the nuances below:
- The design is much easier, which means cheaper and more reliable.
- Automatic clearance control is carried out when erasing overlays.
- The design is compact and easier, which allows you to create quick sports cars.
- Despite the decrease in the block of the block, the effectiveness of such a system is much higher. This is due to the fact that the disk and pads have a smooth surface, and this ensures uniform pressing.
- It is easier to maintain service. It is not necessary to restrict the clamping force.
- Better cooling, as the air freely circulates. It is worth noting that overheating often leads to a significant deterioration in the operation of the brakes. Therefore, to increase the cooling efficiency use special wheels.
- Pollution products are easily removed. A large amount of dirt accumulates in the drum, which causes a decrease in the efficiency of the system.
However, when creating such a design, some difficulties were also identified. An example can be called the need for exposure to great efforts, which may have become when used only hydraulic drive. Also installed a mechanism that allows you to reduce the necessary effort when pressed on the pedal.
The brake system is designed for a controlled change in the velocity of the car, its stop, as well as retaining on site for a long time due to the use of brake force between the wheel and expensive. Brake force can be created by a wheel braking mechanism, a car engine (so-called engine braking), a hydraulic or electrical retarder brake in the transmission.
To implement these functions, the following types of brake systems are installed on the car: working, spare and parking.
Working brake system Provides a controlled reduction in speed and stopping the car.
Spare brake system Used in failure and malfunction of the working system. It performs similar functions as the working system. A spare brake system can be implemented as a special autonomous system or part of the working brake system (one of the brake drive circuits).
In the dependence on the design of the friction part, drum and disc brake mechanisms are distinguished.
The brake mechanism consists of rotating and fixed parts. As a rotating part of the drum mechanism, the brake drum is used, the stationary part is the brake pads or ribbons.
The rotating part of the disk mechanism is represented by the brake disc, fixed - brake pads. On the front of I. rear axis Modern passenger cars are established, as a rule, disc brake mechanisms.
Disc brake mechanism Consists of a rotating brake disc, two stationary pads installed inside the caliper on both sides.
Caliper Fastened on the bracket. In the groove of the caliper, workers cylinders are installed, which, when braking, press brake pads to the disk are pressed.
Brake disk The thickness is very hot. Cooling the brake disc is carried out by air flow. For better heat removal on the disk surface holes are performed. Such a disk is called ventilated. To increase the efficiency of braking and ensure resistance to overheating on sports cars Ceramic brake discs apply.
Brake pads Click to the caliper with spring elements. Friction pads are attached to the pads. On modern cars, brake pads are equipped with wear sensor.
Brake drive Provides control of brake mechanisms. The following types of brake drives are used in brake systems: mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electric and combined.
Mechanical drive Used in the parking brake system. The mechanical drive is a system of thrust, levers and cables connecting the parking brake lever with brake mechanisms of the rear wheels. It includes the drive lever, cables with adjustable tips, cable equalizer and pad drive levers.
On some car models, the parking system is driven by a foot pedal, the so-called. Parking brake with a foot drive. Recently, an electric drive is widely used in the parking system, and the device itself is called an electromechanical parking brake.
Hydraulic drive It is the main type of drive in the working brake system. The design of the hydraulic drive includes a brake pedal, brake amplifier, main brake cylinder, wheeled cylinders, connecting hoses and pipelines.
The brake pedal transmits an effort from the driver's foot to the main brake cylinder. The brake amplifier creates an additional effort, expanding from the brake pedal. The greatest application on cars found a vacuum brake amplifier.
Pneumatic drive Used in the brake system of trucks. Combined brake drive It is a combination of several drive types. For example, an electropneumatic drive.
Principle of operation of the brake system
The principle of operation of the brake system is considered on the example of the hydraulic working system.
When you click on the brake pedal, the load is transmitted to an amplifier, which creates an additional force on the main brake cylinder. The piston of the main brake cylinder injected fluid through the pipelines to the wheel cylinders. This increases the pressure of the fluid in the brake drive. Pistons of wheeled cylinders move brake pads to disks (drums).
With the further pressing on the pedal, the fluid pressure increases and the brake mechanisms are triggered, which leads to a slowdown of the rotation of the wheels and taking the brake forces at the contact point of the tires with the road. The more the force is applied to the brake pedal, the faster and more efficient is carried out by braking wheels. The pressure of the braking fluid can reach 10-15 MPa.
At the end of the braking (releasing brake pedal), the pedal under the influence of the return spring moves to its original position. At the starting position, the piston of the main brake cylinder is moved. Spring elements remove pads from disks (drums). The brake fluid from the wheeled cylinders through the pipelines is displaced into the main brake cylinder. The pressure in the system falls.
The efficiency of the brake system is significantly increased by applying the active safety systems of the car.
Brake system of the car (eng. - Brake System) refers to systems active security And it is designed to change the velocity of the vehicle up to its complete stop, including emergency, as well as the retaining machine in place for a long period of time. To implement the listed functions, the following types of brake systems are used: working (or main), spare, parking, auxiliary and anti-lock (course stability system). The combination of all brake systems of the car is called brake control.
Working (main) brake system
The main purpose of the working brake system is to adjust the velocity of the vehicle up to its complete stop.
The main brake system consists of brake drive and brake mechanisms. On passenger cars used mainly hydraulic drive.
Car brake system circuit
Hydraulite consists of:
- (in the absence of ABS);
- (in the presence of);
- working brake cylinders;
- working contours.
The main brake cylinder transforms the effort reported by the driver's pedal driver into the pressure of the working fluid in the system and distributes it on the working circuits.
To increase the force creating pressure in the brake system, the hydraulic engine is equipped with a vacuum amplifier.
The pressure regulator is designed to reduce the pressure in the drive of the brake mechanisms of the rear wheels, which contributes to more efficient braking.
Types of brake system circuits The contours of the brake system, which are a system of closed pipelines, combine the main brake cylinder and brake mechanisms of the wheels.
The contours can duplicate each other or carry out only their functions. The dual-circuit diagram of the brake drive is most in demand, in which the pair of contours works diagonally.
Spare brake system
A spare brake system is used for emergency or emergency braking when the main failure or malfunction. It performs the same functions as the working brake system, and can function and as part of the working system, and as an independent node.
Parking brake system
The main functions and destination are:
- holding the vehicle in place for a long time;
- exclusion of the spontaneous movement of the car on a slope;
- emergency and emergency braking at the failure of the working brake system.
Car brake system
Brake system The basis of the brake system is the brake mechanisms and their drives.
The brake mechanism is used to create a braking torque required for braking and stopping the vehicle. The mechanism is installed on the wheel hub, and the principle of its work is based on the use of friction force. Brake mechanisms can be disk or drum.
Constructively, the brake mechanism consists of static and rotating parts. The static part of the drum mechanism represents the brake drum, and rotating - brake pads with overlays. In the disk mechanism, the rotating part is represented by the brake disc, fixed - caliper with brake pads.
Manages brake mechanisms drive.
Hydraulic drive is not the only one of the brake system used. So in the parking brake system, a mechanical drive is used, which is a combination of the thrust, levers and cables. The device connects the brake mechanisms of the rear wheels with the lever of the parking brake. There is also an electromechanical parking brake in which the electric drive is used.
A variety of electronic systems can be included in the hydraulic drive brake system: anti-lock, coursework system, emergency braking amplifier ,.
There are other types of brake drives: pneumatic, electrical and combined. The latter can be represented as pneumohydraulic or hydropneumatic.
Principle of operation of the brake system
The operation of the brake system is built as follows:
- When you click on the brake pedal, the driver creates an effort that is transmitted to the vacuum amplifier.
- Next, it increases in a vacuum amplifier and is transmitted to the main brake cylinder.
- The GTC piston pumps the working fluid to the wheeled cylinders through the pipelines, due to which the pressure in the braking actuator grows, and the pistons of work cylinders move the brake pads to the disks.
- Further pressing on the pedal further increases the fluid pressure, due to which the brake mechanisms are triggered, leading to a slowdown of rotation of the wheels. The pressure of the working fluid may come closer to 10-15 MPa. What it is more, the more effective there is braking.
- The lowering of the brake pedal leads to its return to its original position under the action of a return spring. The neutral position returns and the piston of the GTC. The working fluid is also moved to the main brake cylinder. Pads release discs or drums. The pressure in the system falls.
Important! The working fluid in the system must be changed periodically. How many brake fluid will need one replacement? No more liter and a half.
Basic brake system malfunctions
The table below shows the most common faults of the brake system of the car and the ways to eliminate them are shown.
| Symptoms | Probable reason | Elimination options |
|---|---|---|
| Chest or noise when braking | Wear brake pads, their low quality or marriage; deformation of the brake disk or hitting it a foreign subject | Replacing or cleaning pads and disks |
| Enlarged pedal | Leakage of working fluid from wheel cylinders; air enter the brake system; Wear or damage to rubber hoses and pads in GTC | Replacing faulty parts; Pumping brake system |
| Increased effort on pedal when braking | Waiver of a vacuum amplifier; Hose damage | Replacing the amplifier or hose |
| Inhibition of all wheels | Piston jamming in gtz; absence free travel Pedals. | Replacement of GTC; putting the right free move |
Conclusion
The brake system is the basis of the safe movement of the car. Therefore, close attention should be paid to it. If a working brake system malfunction, the vehicle operation is prohibited completely.
