Transmission oil 75W90, like the motor - this is, without which the "life" of the car is impossible. This type of oil is designed for use in certain modifications of gear shift boxes. mechanical type, differentials, dispensing boxes, To work the leading bridges of a number of models of both cargo and passenger cars. Transmission oil has a classification similar to a division on varieties motor oils. However, it should be noted that this lubricant is not suitable for use in automatic boxes Transmissions for which automatic transmission fluids recommended by manufacturers need to be applied.
Basic properties 75W90
It must be said that in the domestic market of fuel and lubricants presents a number of modifications 75W90 from different manufacturers, among which Motul, Energear, Teboil, Zic, Xado, Mobil, Castrol, and other oils different manufacturersOf course, somewhat different by properties and, of course, have different prices. According to motorists and specialists in this area, such a type of oil from a reliable manufacturer will have a high rating and wonderful specifications.
Transmission oil 75W90 is synthetic, although a number of dealers and distributors are positioned as semi-synthetic. Semi-synthetic differs from synthetic content in base modification From 20% to 40% of the synthetic substance. Also grasintetic contains as a basic mineral substance (78-45%) and additives (2-15%). In case of synthetics in base oil It contains only a synthetic basis. In addition, synthetic basic lubricants by method of obtaining may be:
- hydrocracking (most common as the basis of commodity synthetic oils; synthesized from mineral oils by complex chemical reactions in the presence of catalysts - hydrocracking);
- polyalphaolefins (fully synthetic, obtained in the process of organic synthesis of hydrocarbon gases);
- specific synthetic (not related to the group of hydrocracking oils, nor the group of polyalphaolefins).
High-quality oil - the pledge of the durability of the vendors of the car Thus, for the production of synthetic oil, 75W90, either a base hydrocracking agent with additives, or polyalphaolefins in a complex with appropriate additives, which give the necessary characteristics and parameters. Therefore, the main properties of 75W90 are as follows:
- suitable for working under both high and low temperatures;
- protection of transmission and prevention of its production;
- stability to oxidation in conditions of significant temperatures;
- dissolution of deposits;
- excellent low-temperature properties;
- inertia to polymeric seals;
- increasing the efficiency of the transmission;
- reducing friction in the working nodes of the transmission.
The semi-synthetic is characterized by other distinctive properties.
Parameters 75W90 by SAE and API
According to the international classification of SAE, transmission oils are divided into several varieties depending on viscosity. Thus, the synthetic 75W90 has a "75W90" viscosity index, in which the first figure "75" means the maximum minus temperature at which the lubricant retains its viscosity properties. According to reference data, this temperature for this type of oil is -40 ° C.
And the number "90", in turn, indicates the maximum positive temperature in which the lubricant in question retains its viscosity properties. According to reference data, this temperature for the transmission oil 75W90 is +35 ° C. The presence in the viscosity index of digital values \u200b\u200bas "winter" and "summer" viscosity indicates that synthetics 75W90 is the all-season lubricant material.
It should be noted that high-quality 75W90 should remain in the class of viscosity "90" even after the corresponding transmission oil test is carried out in accordance with SAE standards.
In addition to the classification on the SAE system, there is still a division of transmission oils through the API system with the "GL" index (in russian version - Index "TM"). According to this classification, the following modifications are presented in the domestic market. lubricant 75W90: GL- 4, GL- 3/4/5, GL- 4/5. Thus, according to the international system API 75W90, the following indices may have:
Transmission castrol oil C API index GL-4 - GL-3 (TM-3) - Used for operation in medium-harsh environments mechanical gears spiral-conical type;
- GL-4 (TM-4) is used to operate hypoid type gear at considerable speeds and minimum torque, as well as with large torques in combination with low speeds;
- GL-5 (TM-5) is used to operate hypoid type gears with minimal torque in combination with high speeds, with intensive loads on the gear teeth.
In addition, it is important to know that the combination of indexes, for example, GL-4/5 or GL-3/4/5, speaks of universality for gears different types And for a wide range of their working conditions. The possibility and efficiency of application for the transmission of a car modification 75W90 stipulates the manufacturer vehicle In the appropriate manual.
The lubricating fluid that is poured into the gearbox, the leading bridge or dispensing box, is called a transmission. The classification of such a product is largely similar to the classification of the oil for the engine, which, to some extent, simplifies the purchase process. Choosing transmission oilIt is worth navigating a number of criteria:
- Viscosity.
- The presence of anti-corrosion additives.
- Performance.
- Lubrication efficiency.
- Thermal oxidative capacity and other factors.
The oils for the transmission (as well as for the engine) have an individual labeling, the decoding of which requires certain knowledge from the car owner. On the box with a working fluid glued the label where the classification (API or SAE) is specified. Also on the piece of paper is often spelled out the MIL or ZP classifier. But it is not all. Some manufacturers specify certain tolerances as basic information.
Today, each transmission oil must meet the requirements of the SAE J306 classification (standard adopted in the world). 75W90 - the most popular type of lubricant, characterized by the optimal level of viscosity.
Viscosity parameters 75W and 90
Buying transmission oil, it is worth considering existing types of products with SAE (TM). All of them differ in several criteria - view, the level of viscosity and destination. This article deals with 75W90 oil, so it will be about its features and characteristics.
Decoding:
- 75W - Parameter reflecting "Winter" characteristics working fluid. It shows the level of oil turnover, with a decrease in temperature below 0 degrees Celsius. The smaller the digital indicator in front of the "W" symbol, the larger turnover differs the transmission oil. For the liquid under consideration (75W90), the lower threshold is 40 degrees of frost.
- 90 - "Summer" An indicator for which one can judge the upper boundary of temperatures for this type of lubricant. To determine this parameter, you must have a special table at hand. For oil 75W90 Upper temperature limit - a mark of +35 degrees Celsius.
What explains the popularity of the type of transmission oil under consideration? Its feature is the versatility and the optimal temperature range. But this is only the "the vertex of iceberg", because the parameters of the liquid, in many respects, depend on the characteristics of the composition. With increasing viscosity, the power of the gearbox decreases, due to the additional energy costs, to extrude the fluid from the gear teeth.
The main disadvantage of viscous oil is the fact that the liquid is thick for minus temperatures. In turn, the working fluid with a smaller viscosity is perfectly coping with cold, and ensures normal transmission performance. To eliminate negative factors and achieve better performance, additives are increasingly used.
Car owners living in regions with moderate temperatures, transmission oil with a viscosity "90" is more useful. For residents of hot regions, or during operation of the machine under conditions of limit loads, the best way - lubricating composition with a viscosity indicator TM (140). The level of viscosity of such a fluid, at 100 degrees Celsius, should not be less than 24 square meters. mm / s.
High-quality transmission oil solves a number of tasks:
- Effectively takes unnecessary heat from the elements of the mechanism.
- Reduces energy loss and raises the efficiency of the efficiency.
- Allows you to avoid jamming, friction, loops and other damage arising during operation.
- Reduces vibrations and extraneous noise, possible when the gear.
It is worth considering that the oil 75W90 from various manufacturers may vary in its characteristics. Accordingly, in a small range, the price will also change. In addition, the product under consideration refers to synthetic oils, although some manufacturers write on the semi-synthetic label. In practice, this transmission oil refers to synthetic. The difference is only in the volume of the synthetic substance (20-40 percent) or additives (2-15%).
Oils are classified on the API and SAE system. In the first case, the product is marked with the inscription "GL", which in the decoding means "TM" (transmission oil).
Performance
Thanks aPI classificationIt is much easier to evaluate the quality of the working fluid, taking into account performance. It allocates six categories, each of which has an individual index. Using the latter, it is possible to determine the scope of fluid use and product quality.
For passenger cars, transmission oils of types GL-4 and GL-5 are used, which corresponds to the domestic specification TM-4 and TM-5, respectively.
Consider each type of Read more:
- GL-4 is an oil that is suitable for gears operating under an average load. The working fluid is used in the mechanical "box" and aggregates having a spiral-canonical type. TM-4 is recommended for use in hypoid transmissions, when moving at high speeds (under the condition of the minimum or average rotation torque).
- GL-5 - oil for gear (most often hypoid type), working with high load, and a small moment of rotation. When pouring such a liquid, a short-term shock load is allowed. In addition, the feature of the composition lies in the presence of a special additive with the content of phosphorus and sulfur.
Recent years, the oil 75W90, having a GL-4/5 marking, is becoming increasingly in demand. The presence of two digits in the designation indicates the possibility of applying the composition in mechanisms operating at various loads.
Nuances Mil Specifications
When choosing a transmission oil, you can encounter another type of specification - MIL. If we consider the parameter from the position of 75W90 oil, this indicator will have the following type - MIL-L 2105 "X" (instead of "x" stands a, in or c). An analogue of the lubricating composition is the API GL-4 or GL-5.
ZF designations
Sometimes 75W90 put the symbol of "Z". In practice, the Z classification system is used for automotive gears, all types. At the same time, the oil itself is marked with various characters (letters and numbers). As an example, ZF TE-ML 01.
What is the difference between oil 75W90 type GL-4 from GL-5?
The main feature of the working fluids under consideration lies in the scope of application. So, in GOST 17479.2-85, it is written that GL-4 is a type of oil that is suitable for mechanisms with hypoid and conical type transmissions. Restrictions on temperature - 150 degrees Celsius, and voltage - 3000 MPa. In other words, such a transmission oil is used for a car with front-wheel drive.
In fact, things are with GL-5 oil, which is suitable for hypoid type transmissions, withstanding elevated loads. Scope of application - gearbox gears with hypoid type gears. A distinctive feature The composition is the best protection in conditions of high loads and pressure.
What errors are allowed when choosing an oil 75W90?
It should be remembered that in GL-4 the volume of phosphorous sulfur additives is half less than in GL-5. The peculiarity of such additives is to create a quality coating that protects from wear, providing greater strength and reliability of the surface. That is why errors, when choosing a working fluid, can cause the wear of the element performed using a soft metal.
If you pour GL-5 into the gearbox (if necessary, GL-4 is used), a copper chip appears from copper synchronizers. So, these two types of oils are not interchangeable, because they have different appointments and have individual characteristics.
Video: how not to be mistaken when choosing a transmission oil (the difference API GL-4 and GL-5)
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Technical fluids used in mechanical transmissions, handouts, leading bridges are called transmission oils. The classification of transmission oils has a similar structure with the motor. But in contrast to them, the key parameters are: the heat-oxidative ability, lubricating the function, the anti-corrosion effect, as well as viscous characteristics. In addition, transmission oil, by analogy with the motor, has labeling. The packaging contains the SAE and API classification, as well as possible tolerances from individual automakers.
Production Technology Atomium Support
The first digit and the letter designation W (Winter, Winter) indicates us to the degree of fluidity at negative temperatures. The smaller the value, the more fluid there is fluid in the cold. The indicator 75 is equal to -40 ° C.
The second digit is a viscosity range. It is also called summer characteristic. The indicator 90 relates to the plus temperature of 35 ° C. It should be noted that the level of heating mechanisms can reach 100 ° C.
Temperature range 75 ° optimal option For the climatic conditions of Russia, well, why the product was not created with even wider borders of the action, for example, from -60 to +45.50 ° C.
The answer lies in the characteristic of the lubricity of the transmission oil. To maintain viscosity balance at various temperatures, special additive packages are used. In other words, too liquid oil at negative temperatures feels perfectly, but it protects it worse and lubricates the gears, on the other hand, too viscous oil is the loss of transmission power, the energy spending to extrude the transmission fluid from the teeth. Balance in this dilemma managed only in this temperature range. There are other variations of transmission fluids. For example, a transmission oil with parameters 85W140 can be used for hot southern climates and high loads with high speeds.
Oil for manual box GL 4 - Features
Transmission oil API GL 4 - Created for media services. The main scope of use is mechanical gearboxes, mechanisms with spiral conical gears. In addition, the operation of this type of oil can be carried out in transmission transmissions hypoid type. At the same time, a significant speed indicator should be compensated by a small or moderate torque.
The key point for the categories of oils API GL-4 is that gray-phosphoric additives in them are twice as smaller than the GL-5 technical fluids. The presence of these additive categories allows you to create a unique protective coating. The working contact between the moving elements of the transmission is carried out directly through this protective film. Details are saved from wear. The operational resource increases.
It is worth noting that greater content of gray-phosphorous additives can adversely affect the details of transmission consisting of copper alloys and other soft materials. Their wear in this case increases 1.5-2 times. Buy transmission oil GL-4 For your car, it is possible only if the machine manufacturer pointed out free use in the passport of operation.
GL 5 transmission liquid - application sphere
Transmission oil API GL 5 - Used in highly loaded transmissions. Mostly technical fluids These standards are used in hypoid transmissions, on small torque revolutions, but in combination with high speed. In addition, the transmission elements may be subjected to short-term shock loads. The GL 5 standard is a great content of the gray-phosphorus-containing contamination additive.
Thus, the transmission oil of the fifth series provides the best anti-promotional properties, as well as protection in high loads and pressure. But to the same extent, it is impossible to say 100% that the GL-5 standard completely overlaps the GL-4 modification indicators.
Here, first of all, it is necessary to take into account the material of the manufacture of transmission parts, technological features Work, degree of current wear, intensity of current operation.
Comparison of oils GL 4 and GL 5 - Is it possible to replace one other?
Purpose of GL-4 oils is stable work conical transmission and hypoid transmissions. The maximum contact voltage is 3000 MPa, while the temperature is up to 150 ° C. In general, it can be said that this is the gearboxes of front-wheel drive cars. Buying transmission oil GL 5You will ensure the effective operation of the hypoid transmission together with shock loads. In this case, the voltage may exceed the mark of 3000 MPa.
It is worth noting that the transition from GL-4 on GL-5 and back will not allow - this miscellaneous oils with different properties and destination. As already indicated above, the key feature is the content of gray-phosphorus additives. The GL-4 standard is two times less. Therefore, if GL-5 is poured instead of GL-4 in the checkp, then there is a rapid appearance of copper chips, since synchronizers are mainly made from copper and its alloys, and gray-phosphoric additives and instantly kill.
Table Comparison Characteristics of GL-4 and GL-5 Transmission Oil
| Criteria | API GL-4 | API GL-5 |
| Additives (gray-phosphor) | ||
| Type of gearbox | Medium-wide, Conical transmission | Half-traffic, Hypoid transmission with shock loads |
| Maximum voltage | Up to 3000 MPa | Over 3000 MP |
| Torque and speed | Moderate torque and considerable speed | Small torque combined with high speed |
An article on how to choose the right to choose transmission oil, which is the fundamental difference between different types of liquids from each other. At the end of the article - the video about what transmission oil is better.
The content of the article:
Practice shows that all drivers know about transmission oil, but do not distinguish its types and functional characteristics and are confused in use for different vehicles of the car. Someone picks up oil by samples and mistakes, someone focuses on the advice of acquaintances, someone completely trusts their vehicle to specialists of technical services. Worse, not everyone understands the letter and digital designation on the label in which the purpose of one or another oil is concluded.
But not every car part belonging to the transmission should be lubricated by oil. For front-wheel drive cars, automakers advise not to use non-transmission, but engine oil. And no of these oils are suitable for automatic transmission due to a peculiar design. For "automata" it is recommended to acquire ATF - a special minus liquid.
Types of oils
Oils are:
- synthetic having the highest price that is synthesized from chemicals. Usually used for mechanical boxes and leading bridges are suitable for cold climate and large loads;
- semi-synthetic have an additive from additives that increase the operational capabilities of the car. They are universal, suitable for most of the aggregates, have high protective and antifriction qualities;
- mineral, representing the most a budget option Recycled petroleum products on the mineral base. Create an elastic oil film on the details, protecting against dirt and wear, racks to oxidation and have a good viscosity.
Marking
The SAE abbreviation on the label speaks of the viscosity of the oil - one of the main characteristics of this fluid. With a properly selected viscosity index, it contributes to uninterrupted lubrication of the mechanisms and nodes, extending their life, increases the efficiency of the transmission, allows you to touch even in a harsh frost and reduces the fuel consumption. Excessive viscosity deprives the liquid of its lubricating properties.
The presence of the letter W in the title indicates the possibility of an extractional use of oil. So, sAE marking 75W90 will tell about the characteristics of this type of oil the following:
- number 75 - the degree of fluidity at minus temperatures;
- the figure 90 is the viscosity index calculated from the reference temperature of 100 degrees.
The degree of viscosity is too important criterion in the process of acquiring transmission oil to neglect them. For example, the synthetic liquid of the above marking when the temperature decreases up to - 40 degrees will have such a viscosity index, which possesses mineral water at the maximum frost in -12 degrees.
In the northern regions, this difference will very seriously affect the operation of the car: with one oil of its speed will be switched instantly, with another - after the application of certain efforts.
According to the climatic peculiarities of the regions of our country, oil can be divided into geographical destination:
- sAE with numbers from 140 and above are ideal for southern regions;
- according to SAE, about 90 are ideal all-season species for a temperate continental strip;
- 75W-90 will protect the cars in the most severe frosts.
- loads rendered on the mechanism;
- slip speed in contact teeth.
The driver should not be afraid of the presence of sulfur compounds present in a number of additives. The chemical impact on the metal is insignificant compared to the level of reducing the wear of the parts they reach.
IN cars Traditionally flood the two most common types of oils: GL-4, GL-5 - for imported classification, which, according to Russian labeling, pass as TM-4 and TM-5. There is also a universal class of GL-4/5 oils suitable for different types of gear.
The GL-5 class is also divided by type depending on viscosity:
- 85W-90 - such marking belongs to thick mineral oils, like LUKOIL TM-5-18;
- 80w-90 - mineral, but less dense oillike mobilmobilube hd;
- 75W-90 is synthetics or semi-synthetic medium thickness.
GL4 is used for a conical gear, as well as a hypoid gearbox, nodes and parts of the leading bridge, the maximum load on which does not exceed normal.
GL5 - already works with hypoid, but high-speed transmissions forced to test high loads and temperatures.
The very diverse factors affect the health of the vehicle, the main of which is the state of the transmission, engine and body. For the performance of these mechanisms, the owner of the car is fully replied, from whose actions and whose choice will depend on the life of its vehicle.
One of the most important tasks of the car owner - to choose and change the transmission oil to competently and timely.
The semi-synthetic fluids have the perfect balance of price and quality, including the best of mineral and synthetic oils. They regularly fulfill their destination:
- Guarantee the stability of the operation of the transmission under conditions of low temperatures;
- Increase the service life of the gearbox;
- Provide due efficiency in various temperature modes.
Additive
Serious-phosphoric additives protect the details of the transmission by creating a special protective coating - a peculiar coverage of wear. But at the same time, the consistency of this coverage is such that the copper surfaces and other soft parts exceeding the density. This leads to the fact that over time the protective layer itself is flashed, and the parts made from soft metal.
Therefore, manufacturers of transmission oils pay attention to motorists to the fact that some fluids are not recommended for synchronized gearboxes. Their use will not reduce, but contributes to the enhanced wear of the synchronizers made from copper.
The ability to replace one oil to another
It is said above that GL-4 works with boxes working at moderate speeds and loads, and GL-5 with elevated.
But this is not a fundamental difference. The additives in GL-5 have such high anti-promotional properties that are not combined with synchronizers in the gearbox. The use of GL-5 will cause an unpleasant grinding in the gearbox mechanism, which, with further use of this liquid, the mechanism will fully derive from the working state.
The subspecies of GL-4 and GL-5, announced as universal, in practice are much worse than their appointment than their cleaner representatives.
In the case when the transmission oil does not change the auto owner itself, and employees of the service center, in addition to the gearbox, can pour fluid and leading bridges.
What effects do it entails? The owner can hear unnecessary noise and detect the current car seat. This is due to the fact that a small volume of the container, where the fluid has shown the pump, forces it or affect the bearing, or to flow through the gland. Therefore, it is so important to relate to the oilfilled oil attentively: GL-4 should be destined exclusively for the gearbox, and GL - 5 for aggregates and nodes located in leading bridges.
The conclusions obtained as a result of the analysis of various transmission oils turned out to be as follows:
- In the category of the most optimal all-season fluid, the first place was obtained by SAE 75W90, equally qualitative in any climatic conditions and with any variation of temperatures.
- Not bad characteristics have hypoid transmission sAE oil 80W90, well-proven itself in the heat, and in winter.
- Not so fundamental view of oil is mineral, synthetic or semi-synthetic. The characteristics of each particular fluid, purpose, the viscosity index and the presence and the properties of the additives present in it are more important.
An outstanding amount, usually car enthusiasts are confident that this is a lubricant of acceptable quality. You can try to go even further and choose such a liquid that would come up and specific model The car, and the money was not superdowed.
Transmission classes
GL lubricants belong to hypoid. That is, they are lubricated and separate gearboxes of such domestic cars of cars, like "Zhiguli", "Niva", "Volga". For trucks, of course, it will also work, but it will be too expensive.
The most common has 75W90 class viscosity. In the number of exceptions included the oils of the "Castrol" brand. The lineage includes lubricants 85W90 and more liquid 80W90. In addition, there was a transmission oil 75W140 near the GL 5 75W90. This last viscosity option is not very suitable for russian cars. It is usually poured on the rear and all-wheel drive versions, as well as in the model with a blocked differential. They will most likely serve perfectly on the "patrol" or "lend-cruiser", and for domestic will be too thick. It makes no sense to pour them with normal mode. But if the rear bridges "Put", then they can approach them as a lubricant.
But if an inexpensive mineral water is perfectly coping with its functions, why spend extra money on the synthetics?
Transmission oils of different viscosity
Among the engine oils, a fully artificial synthetic basis has long won the greatest popularity. For them applies to the majority lubricating fluids On a synthetic basis, you can use a whole year. Even with very low temperature indicators, they will produce good functional results. For example, if you compare mineral glass 85W90 with negative twelve degrees with synthetics 75W140 in the frost with forty degrees, the result by viscosity will be almost indistinguishable. And if they are placed in one temperature regime on -20 degrees, the result will be different in 30-50 times. This is very serious. It turns out that in one case the engine will begin barely, and in the other - almost as in the warm season.
Tests of lubricating fluids
Advantages will reveal even more if they taste them under extreme conditions. At strong loads, lubricating fluids become more liquid. Therefore, appropriate tests were carried out. Of course, it was expected that those that have a higher quality, here will behave better and show the most persistent results. So it happened.
Clear the result will be visible in numbers. The load of welding on the usual 4-ball friction machine detects the ability to keep a critical load. On it, oil is divided into groups. So, GL 3 has a minimum value of 2760H, transmission oil 75W90 - GL 4 - 3000H, and GL 5 - 3280H.
Test results
And the test results were as follows. The cheapest viscosity oils 85W90 had from 2607 to 4635n. The average of them is 3827n. It would seem, it exceeds even GL 5. But let's look further. AvtoVAZE requires transmission with an indicator above 3483N, and AZLK - 3924N. To meet such requirements, the result is no longer seen excellent.
Other tested oil had a viscosity of 80W90. Its average of its value gave the number 4122n, which is already significantly better. Even more good result showed transmission oil 75W90. Here the values \u200b\u200branged from 3685 to 5204n, and the average gave 4508n, which, of course, was delighted.
The best results, of course, were given viscosity 75W140. However, such a transmission is hardly necessary for everyone.
So what oil to fill?
Summarizing the foregoing, it can be concluded that if the operation of the vehicle is assumed at a temperature not lower than -12 degrees, then it is quite possible to do with an oil with a class of viscosity 85W90. This is the most inexpensive option, and domestic production It will be completely cheap.
If the temperature in the area lowers up to 26 degrees of frost, then it is necessary to purchase an oil 80W90. With him, with such a mark, the car will feel more confident.
Well, and transmission oil 75W90, the reviews about which can be found in the network very often, and even more so the class of viscosity 75W140, already remains for lovers of an extreme ride. Of course, the price of it will be higher.
Having calculated the required amount (for example, on "Zhiguli" - rear axle There is about three liters of about three liters) and comparing with a kilometer (on the same brand the replacement requires every 60,000 km), every car enthusiast can calculate how much oil will cost him for money, and on the basis of this data it is possible to make a choice.
If speak about specific brands Transmission lubricants, it can be noted several foreign oils that showed good results:
- Wellrun showed a record for the load of welding.
- LiQui Moli is an absolute record for cold resistance.
- Castrol 75W140 is best result By resistance to overheating.
- Spectrol Synax (Domestic Mark) was put in all standards, but before the overestimated requirements did not reach.
