Home Generator Diesel engine on pallet thick oil. What kind of oil is fat? What can the use of dark oil

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Diesel engine on pallet thick oil. What kind of oil is fat? What can the use of dark oil

The most frequent dispute among motorists is how oil pouring and how often it is changed. There are many types of oil-mineral water, synthetics, semi-synthetic, depending on the basis and many more differences depending on the viscosity and additives set. Some drivers change more often, others less often, someone adheres to the recommendations of automakers long Life. And changes the oil in the engine once every 15-30 thousand kilometers.

Auto mechanics also did not come to the general opinion and give their recommendations. It is more profitable for them to change the oil more often, they do not badly earn.

What is happening with oil during long-term operation?

In the oil there is a definite base, it is based on the base, mineral water or synthetics. The semi-synthetic is a mixture of mineral water with synthetics. Synthetic oil Also much varies with each other.

In it basic oil The plant introduces a set of additives, to the word to say, additives produce only two plants in the world, and the oil is released almost in each country.

Additives There are antifriction, washing, thickening and others. With a certain run, these additives come into disrepair, most often due to the low quality of fuel, the remains of which are washed off with oil from the walls of the cylinders. For large runs Additives are simply produced by entering into interaction with the environment (the longest thing that falls into the engine) or simply burn out. As a result, oil on large runs behaves not as it should:

the thickening additive is washed- Butter becomes liquid like water.
the washing additive is produced (It is consumed to laundering the fuel deposit) - all dirt accumulates in the engine: in oil canals, pump, pallet and head. If earlier the entire Nagar dissolved, now it starts to simply move along with the oil.

What good from this can happen? First, the oil will become liquid like a tear, of course the oil pump will create a smaller pressure, possibly light bulb on the tidy, but this is just the beginning.

Question: If this is oil, then what then in the engine lubrication system? And there is empty ...

Next to such a fluid oil constantly falls in the Nagar (he washed there, which is why there is a work of black color, but now there is no additive, and the nagar does not dissolve), the fluid oil will distribute this nagar along the entire lubrication system: through all channels up under the valve cover and Next down. These all sediments diverge and remain in the most hard-to-reach places, then it absorbs the remnants of that liquor oil and gets alone in separate places. Then this albeit also baked under the action of high temperatures.

At the same time, the engine continues to walk the most liquid oil, which has already become less (in addition to the Ugon, part has become alive and skew on the walls), and as combustion products fall into oil, oil thickens. As a result, Zhiy eventually appears everywhere.

What will happen to the engine

Lack of oil, drop pressure- in general, nothing good.

When is all alone (Gutalin? What oil turns there? It's not even solidol) is going under valve lid. And on the walls of the channels, the oil level in the pallet decreases, on a liter-one and a half. Drivers we have lazy, often under the hood do not look, do not check the level. And then at one fine moment, once and work on dry, because the pump is nowhere to cry out, the level fell below the laid. And this is the loop of the liners and crankshaft in less than a minute. And if the engine works for more than a minute without oil, then one foil will remain from the liner.

Yes, some machines are equipped with oil level sensors, but not everything is true?

Why do the manufacturers do that?

Where did it come from all the marginal replacement intervals, less viscous oil? The fact is that there are some environmental norms that are constantly tightened. Precisely because of them increase oil replacement intervals to not harm environment development, and testing motor oil It goes into recycling, it is added in the manufacture of new oil in the same Germany, whose oils are considered almost an ideal. And in general, in the EU, only the British and the Dutch are not used in the production of new oils.

So you have to invent new eco-friendly engines and oil with a large interval from replacement to replace.

What do official car services hide?

And car service is a separate topic. For them, the situation is ideal when the car ends the warranty, and the next day all the main nodes break the client to pay in full. Are you sure that you were replaced by oil? Is not a fact. They may simply add, and it will not be the worst option. Sometimes such masters come across that they can pour through the barrel, and the new canister will be sold to the left. Well, what, the engine with such a service will be laid accurate to 100,000 mileage.

Instead of conclusions

Since the additives produce only two plants, and base oils are sold at market prices, the price of oil different manufacturers Must be more or less equal, depending on the quality. There is no such thing to sell cheap oil with an expensive set of additives. At the same time, in expensive oil should not be cheap additives, as this is the market, and there is a competition. If we take two of the same oil to admit and viscosity, but with a different price, most likely in them a completely different composition of additives: in cheaper oil, they will work out after 5,000 km of run, and expensive will work at 10,000 during mileage.

cheap oil, LUKOIL - 5,000 km
expensive oil, such as Castrol, Mobil, Liqui Moly. - up to 10,000
Motul must serve forever

The color and quality of motor oil is the most discussed and the most controversial issues in the environment of motorists. What should be good oil? How often should it be changed? What if it suddenly smoked, thickened or foamed? Will this problem for the engine work? We will try to answer these questions in this article.

What should be the normal engine oil

Many factors affect the color and quality of oil:

motor service
fuel quality
car operating conditions
the quality of the oil itself,
the frequency of its replacement.

If the oil after 4000-5000 km mileage changed the color from amber on black, there is no big problem in this, and you can continue to ride. But if it foamed or thickened, the car owner appears a reason for concern. Let's deal with each case in detail.

Why blacks

In any modern engine oil there is one or more detergent additives. They are needed to dissolve the products of incomplete combustion of gasoline. Simply put, for washing soot. Dissolving, it gives oil characteristic black. Say particles are in the oil substance in suspended state, but on the lubricating oil properties it affects slightly, so the driver may well continue to be used until the time of the planned oil change (the frequency of the procedure depends on the car brand and is indicated in the instructions for its operation). The reason for concern appears when the oil is even after long operation It remains clean. This does not mean that there are no contaminants. This means that the oil used by the driver is not able to wash them, and they remain on the inner surfaces of the engine. If such a picture is observed, the oil of another brand should be used. The only moment to pay attention is the time of darkening. If the oil has become dark almost immediately after the fill, it says either about the serious engine contamination, or about low fuel quality. In the first case, it is recommended to rinse the engine additionally, in the second - refueling elsewhere.

From what foaming

Foaming oil requires immediate auto owner intervention. If bubbles are formed in the product, this leads to a variety of negative consequences:

The heat removal rate from the heated parts of the engine is falling several times, and the viscosity of the oil changes. As a result, it does not fall into the smallest holes of the engine, and its lubrication is broken.
Engine details are quickly overheated.
Due to the deterioration of lubricant, friction between engine parts increases, which leads to their rapid wear. In particularly severe cases, a hydraulic blow is possible.

There are several reasons due to which the product foams:

The tightness of the cooling system was broken.
During the replacement, the exhaust oil was not fully cleaned, and the new one was poured into its place, which turned out to be incompatible with the remnants of "testing".
Condensate is formed somewhere.

Now more about each of these reasons.

Violation of tightness

If the tightness of the cooling system is broken, the antifreeze begins to mix with the engine oil, which leads to the formation of foam. Most often this is due to damage to the gasket under the lid of the cylinder block. Also, antifreeze can get into the oil through cracks that have arisen on cabinet parts due to their long overheating or due to metal fatigue. If there is a suspicion of leakage of antifreeze, you should pay attention to the smoke coming out of the exhaust pipe. As a rule, it is white. To put a "final diagnosis", you need to make the engine to work 10-15 minutes, and then cover up for 20 seconds exhaust pipe Clean sheet of paper. After wetting paper, it must be dried. If after that on dry paper is not visible, even light spots from oil or gasoline, it means that there is a depressurization of the cooling system. The exit is here only one: a trip to the car service. Looking for a leak on your own - the lesson is long and ungrateful.

Incompatibility

The foam appears when the oil fill in the synthesis method differs from what was in the motor before. This usually happens when mineral mixes with the remains of synthetic. The fact is that the structure of mineral oils is far from ideal, since the scatter of the dimensions of molecules in such oils is very large. So according to the properties, mineral oils are often inferior to synthetic, which are obtained during the catalytic synthesis and consist of molecules of about the same size. When two varieties of lubricating materials are mixed, a precipitate inevitably occurs. As soon as it begins to circulate in the engine, air bubbles appear, i.e. foam. You can deal with this can be only one way: always use the oil of one type.

Condensate

If the water has somehow got into the engine, it will not be able to dissolve in oil: the chemical properties of these liquids are different. As a result, an emulsion is formed in the engine, which looks like a foam. In most cases, this "foam" is not a sign of a malfunction in the engine and does not speak of low quality engine oil. Usually, the emulsion appears in winter when the car is badly fundamentally and moisture, settled on the parts of the engine, has not yet completely evaporated. The solution is simple: carefully warm the engine of the machine before each trip.

CHAIN: How affects the engine and what to do when detecting

The most dangerous problem, the reason for which is still not fixed. By consistency, thick oil can resemble a condensed milk, slowly staining with testing probe, and maybe it looks like solidol or even plasticine! But the negative consequences of concentration of oil motorists are known very well.

Motor is difficult to start, it reacts poorly to pressing the gas pedal, all this is accompanied by the burning of the oil pressure indicator on the dashboard.
With maximum condensation of the oil of the connecting rods in the motor, the walls of the cylinder block are broken through the pistons, which completely displays the unit fail.

There are several assumptions about why the oil in the motor suddenly turns into a substance resembling solidol.

Getting into the coolant or water oil, or the so-called Shell effect (experts of this company opened it in the early 40s). Then in several samples of thickened oil, traces of water and antifreeze were really discovered. It should also be noted that not every oil is able to decompose and thick in such conditions, however, the hitting of antifreeze and water is one of possible causes Conditions of oil, and it should not be discarded.
Second reason: bad gasoline. Theoretically, incomplete combustion products of such gasoline can be reacted with rotary oil additives, which leads to its decomposition (it is this reason that employees of car services are voiced when they do not want to serve the car under warranty and try to force the car owner to pay for repair from their pocket).

It should immediately make a reservation that the second reason for the concentration of the oil seems very dubious. Bad gasoline It is unlikely that it is strongly affected by a lubricating fluid: it gets too little into the car carrier compared to the volume of oils located there, and it is located there it is very long, since the temperature at which gasoline evaporates, much below the temperature of evaporation of oil from the pallet. In addition, if the fuel is mixed with oil, the viscosity of the latter is almost always reduced, and here it is observed the opposite picture: the oil becomes viscous and thick, like solidol. Finally, not only gasoline, but also diesel engines fail against such thickening.

Third reason: human factor. In any car service, customers say that they are poured into their cars only corporate oil. The problem is that this is not always the case. People are different as good and not very. In the latter case, no one will definitely not say that it is this "auto mechanic" poured into the car, and is it possible to call butter at all what he poured there.

Causes of oil viscosity reduction and troubleshooting

The engine oil can not only thicken, it can also lose its original viscosity. And this phenomenon also has its own reasons.

Locution due to thermal cracking. In the process of cracking, the components and fractions of oils decompose into small components. The viscosity of these components is lower. And the most important thing is that they have a boiling point below, and therefore they are better evaporating and harder than ignite.
Loss of viscosity due to pollution in oil with fuel.
Loss of viscosity due to mixing oil with solvents, which are often used as detergents for washing the engine and merge which is completely impossible.
Mixing with less viscous oil. The car owner at some point decided to go to the new oil, not the plums completely old. As a result, even high-quality corporate oil may lose viscosity.

You can fight all these phenomena in just one way: to completely merge the engine from the engine and replaced it with a new one. Make it in the conditions of the garage is not so easy, since it is not enough to just unscrew the oil skulp and substitute an empty bucket to them. The car will have to either put under the slope, or lift the jack under the desired corners and wait a long time until the remnants of testing are allocated (the procedure depends on the car brand). So the easiest thing to do is in the car service where the oil will not only quickly be replaced, but also will check its viscosity after replacement.

When it comes to motor oil, there are much more questions than answers, especially in the case of oil thickening. Recently, a new theory appeared: the oil is thick due to the fact that it is sharply accelerated by oxidation processes. And pollution present in the fuel protrude only as the catalyst of these processes. However, this theory, despite all its believability, has not yet been checked by anyone.

At the same time, during the next check, in some cases it is possible to find that the oil is languishing and dripping with the probe, heavily smoked, it became viscous and more like a solidol, a foam is noticeable in oil, etc.

Naturally, in such a situation it is important to know why oil has changed the color and its structure, as well as to which consequences can result in the further operation of the engine on such a lubricant. Let's focus on these issues in more detail.

Read in this article

Engine oil has become black

Let's start with the color of the lubricant. As a rule, and closer to the end of the service life can also become black. At the same time, the darkening of fresh lubrication occurs quite quickly (after 200-300 km. Run). First of all, it must be borne in mind that lubricant besides protective also has detergents. This means that various deposits, fuel combustion products, soot, etc. accumulate in lubricant material.

Moreover, the rate of blaming is influenced by the degree of pollution itself, its condition, as well as the individual features of the operation of the vehicle. For example, if the motor works in difficult conditions, there are problems with the combustion of the mixture in the cylinders, then the fuel leaves a lot of soot and other particles that have not completely burned down. These contaminants accumulate in lubrication, worsening its properties and changing the color of oil.

Usually, the faster all the mineral and semi-synthetic base will grow faster and rapts, synthetic and hydrocracking remains longer. It is important to understand that the darkening of the oil is the norm.

Please note if the lubricant does not darken and does not change the color after several thousand km. Mileage, then it indicates low quality oil or frank fake. In practice, light engine oil with a mileage of about 1.5-2 thousand km. It suggests that the detergent properties are missing, there is no ability to keep deposits and soot, that is, pollution continues to accumulate in the lubrication system and are not captured by the oil itself.

It turns out if the oil is black, this is not a reason for its immediate replacement. You can change such a lubricant a little earlier than the deadline, taking into account the recommended interval of replacement or amendments to individual features of operation. In the latter case, strong loads are assumed to the DVS and reducing the planned range of replacements by 30-50%.

So, as for the causes of the darkening, taking into account the above, it becomes clear to the blaming of the lubricant:

low quality fuel;
violation of the combustion processes of the working mixture;
oil quality, cheap base base;
low content of detergent additives;

As for the velocity of the darkening, the intensity of the color change is due to the quality of the oil, the state of the engine itself, as well as the intervals of the lubricant fluid. It should also be added that fresh lubricant can refer and due to the fact that from the engine when replacing the old oil fails to completely merge. As a result, there is mixing residues that change the color of the recently spilled lubricant.

Engine oil thickened

During what reason the driver can detect solidol in the engine for what reason the driver can detect the driver. First of all, the motor oils today are all-season, have a so-called high and low-temperature viscosity (for example, 5W30, 10W40, etc.).

This means that the lubricant of one type or another implies operation in a certain temperature range. In this case high temperature viscosity Not so noticeable for the driver, with cooling, obvious problems may arise precisely because of the oil in the frost is thick.

In other words, at low temperatures, the liquid loses its fluidity and in some cases becomes similar to solidol. We add that it is usually so much thickening can, and another counterfeit fake.

In other cases, the oil in the cold can be worse through the lubricant in the first seconds after the launch, but then the situation is normalized. Anyway, lubricant should be selected based on the features of operation and weather conditions. This will help minimize. As a rule, the best results demonstrates high-quality synthetics and.

However, it is necessary to take into account that an increase in viscosity can occur as depending on temperature and for other reasons. Moreover, this situation is much more dangerous and it is necessary to figure out why the engine oil is like solidol.

Let's start with the simplest. In a nutshell, any oil over time has the "Trigger" property. At the same time, if we use a lubricant for a long time (significantly increasing the recommended interval of the replacement), then the worked oil completely loses its properties, accumulates a huge amount of contamination and turns from fluid to the gel substance.

In this case, no ignition occurs even after the engine warming up. The result is the strongest wear of all parts power aggregate, appearance and, in some cases,. Such consequences often leads.

In practice, the driver can change the lubricant every 15 thousand km., As is spelled out in the manual. However, given the fact that the car often stands in traffic jams, the unit works for hours idling etc., the mileage can fit into the specified frameworks, but such oil has worked for a very long time. As a result, a substance similar to a solidol was formed in ICA instead of fluid.

Another reason for such hazardous changes in engine oil is polymerization. Simple words, the components gluing occurs, that is, the lubricant "folds" from high heating.

Also add, in some cases, the accumulation of condensate in the crankcase also leads to the fact that the lubricant loses its properties, the emulsion is formed in the oil and it is folded.

In parallel, we note that some car enthusiasts are practicing, and also use to allegedly improve the basic properties of oil and avoid its ignition. Cases are noted when such experiments did motor oil too thick with all the ensuing consequences.

Engine oil too liquid

An excessive dissolution of engine oil can also often occur as a result of aging of the lubricant or engine overheating. One way or another, there is a decay of "viscous" components on the smallest particles.

In all cases, liquid oil leads to the fact that the pressure in the lubrication system drops, the oil film becomes too thin and the protection of the rubbing surfaces is significantly worsening, the metal parts from friction are rapidly wearing.

We will also add that the use with the subsequent defective drain can change the viscosity of the recently flooded fresh lubricant in the direction of ignition. If used washing oils or aggressive washing-five minutes, it is advisable not to load the engine and reduce the interval of the subsequent replacement of lubrication by 30-50%.

Engine oil foams

One more frame problemWith which the car enthusiast may encounter is. As a rule, the simplest reason may be.

Also, the appearance of foam and emulsion occurs if the liquid from the cooling system is mixed with engine oil. Still lubricant foams if there was a mixing lubricating fluidsdiffering in properties and additive packages. Under the influence of temperature, foaming occurs.

Often, in the framework of urban exploitation, the engine does not have time to warm up to operating temperatures for a short trip. As a result, condensate is collected in the pallet. The same thing happens if the car is rarely operated. In any case, condensate is mixed with oil, after which foam appears.

Let's summarize

As can be seen, the competent operation of the car implies constant control of the level and state of all technical fluids. In this case, the engine oil is the first in the list, since the disorders of the lubricant system lead to a rapid occurrence of serious and expensive failures.

For this reason, any changes in oil consistency, a decrease or, on the contrary, increasing the lubrication level, the presence of emulsion, foam, clots, excessive pollution or no darkening with mileage is a reason for concern.

What happens to the engine oil

The darkening of the substance can be observed after several hundred mileage kilometers. This is due to the low quality of gasoline, fast driving, the operation of the car in sophisticated conditions. Poor fuel is consumed too quickly, leaving behind a large amount of soot and others not to the end of burnt particles. All this is settled in oil and worsens its properties. The problem is particularly often around the drivers who use natural substance - the synthetics "flutters" much slower.

Is it possible to ride in a car with darkened or thickened oil? Yes. Moreover, if it remained light after several thousand kilometers of the mileage, it must be replaced - this means that the substance does not catch the soot, but sends it to the engine.

If the oil is black, it does not mean that it must be changed immediately. Replacement intervals are indicated in the accompanying documents. Follow the recommendations of the manufacturers, but do not forget about the individual features of the operation of the car - for example, if the machine often drives with a large overload, the interval will have to shorten.

It is interesting. Many drivers believe that if when buying several cans of oil from one batch of substances in different capacities have different color And the smell, the substance is spoiled. This is not true. The value has only how effectively the oil is lubricating, and you can not pay attention to the color differences.

Causes of darkening, why black

Pindy fuel leaving trash after combustion.
Low-quality oil with a bad base and a small number of additives. Under the influence of air it is oxidized and darkest.
The effect of remnants of old oil. It is impossible to completely remove the old substance from the engine - its number can be up to 1/6 volume. If it was dark, the new substance is also painted.
The velocity of the oil depends on its composition and the status of the engine, as well as on how accurate exactly the substance replacement intervals. If it is too rare to change it, the sediments will be gathered on the metal elements of the engine, which will contaminate the freshly tangible substance.

So it looks like a change in the color of engine oil

What threatens blackening

Butter darkens? It means that it works and protects the power unit from deposits. All you need to do is follow the replacement intervals recommended by the manufacturer.

Foaming substance in the engine

Foaming oil is a much more unpleasant phenomenon. Why a foam occurs:

Depressurization of the cooling system. As a result of wear or mechanical damage, the coolant is mixed with engine oil and leads to the appearance of foam.
"Conflict of oils." It occurs if you change mineral oils on synthetic and vice versa. Since it is impossible to completely get rid of the old substance, a mixture is formed with different levels of density. Under the influence of high temperature, it starts foaming.
The appearance of condensate. It occurs if it is bad to warm the engine in the cold time, or when too rarely use vehicle, non-sufficient work.

The occurrence of foam in engine oil

How to deal with it? It is necessary to determine the cause and act depending on it:

if there are suspicion of depressurization, contact the service center for diagnostics and repair;
with the "Conflict of Oils", get rid of the resulting mixture and in the future use only one type of substance;
if the reason is in condensate, warm the motor before each trip - so you get rid of moisture at its parts.

Crashing Substance

Motor oils are designed for operation at a certain temperature, which is usually indicated on the package. In a strong frost, minerals lose their properties, thick and deprived the main properties - free circulation and the possibility of pumping the pump. The result is a decrease in the amount of lubricant on the main components of the power unit. It threatens fast wear and breakdowns.

How to cope with it? The only option is to use a special oil, designed under reduced temperature. Best results You can achieve using synthetic agents.

Reducing viscosity, consequences and ways to solve the problem

Viscosity is the ability of the substance to resist the flow. The indicator directly depends on temperature. What it is higher, the lower viscosity. In addition, the characteristic may decrease and for other reasons.

Decreased viscosity depending on temperature

Thermal cracking, i.e. the destruction of the components of the substance into small particles. It occurs under the influence of high temperature.
Lack of stability to shift forces. Additives are added to the oil, which improves properties, but reduce the resistance to the shear forces. When mechanically exposeds, the substance is destroyed and loses viscosity.
Pollution. It occurs when mixing lubricating components with fuel. If you do not pay attention to it, the oil film will swell and will not be able to protect the metal parts from friction.
The presence of solvents in oil. They fall into the substance during the washing of the engine or when using a bad fuel. The refrigerant from the damaged cooling system has similar properties.

What threatens liquid engine oil engine operation

First of all, the rapid wear of the details. Elements of the power unit are stronger than one another, which leads to an increase in the allocated heat volumes. Many heat - faster oxidation. The result becomes gradual destruction of a gasoline or diesel engine.

How to fix

With a low viscosity indicator, check the car for the following faults:

nutrition problems;
too high temperature in the engine;
excessive contamination of the lubricant substance.

To thicken liquid, when solving, you need to proceed from the identified problems.

What to do if it thickened and became like solidol

One of the worst phenomena for engine oil is excessive thickening. Did you reset the diploma, and he is all black and it does not flow oil, it is thick, it looks like a contestation on a condensedum, solidol or even plasticine? If you do not consider the problem seriously, the engine will start working "on dry", which will damage the pistons, connecting rods and valves.

If the oil has become like solidol, contact the specialists immediately

This phenomenon has many reasons.

In the era of the former deficit of combat cry, like "oil give!" Instantly worked: the cherished banks were painted with a bang. And what's inside - summer, winter, all-season - yes what difference? Choose - nothing to think - there is no need. This is today the consumer suffers from the need to make a choice ...

In general, the task seems contrived of what the manufacturer recommends and is written in the service book. And if the car is released in the last century? Or just want to try something "super"? And finally, the most topical ...

Synthetic or mineral water?

Let's try to figure out. Opinions are different, right up to this: "For the" Volga "synthetics - too liquid, leaks all."

Any oil is a mixture of a certain base called base oil, and a package of additives, thanks to which the specified oil properties are formed - viscous, anti-wear, anti-plating, antioxidant, detergents, etc. So, it is the type of base oil and determines what happens in the end - Mineral water, full synthetics or partial, in the surprise called semi-synthetic.

Mineral base oil is residual oil distillation products - what remains of the initial raw materials after gasoline has been obtained and diesel fuel. In essence, these are the same combinations of hydrocarbon compounds, only heavy fractions, and quite often with a high sulfur content. To achieve a stable composition of such oil from the party to the party is very difficult - and oil can be different, and the features of the technology affect. And this is bad: the viscosity is unpredictable and have to go into the course of special thickening additives. The amount of them each time is selected individually, according to the results of the input control of the base oil.

Additives - Achilles Fifth Minequer, because under the influence of high temperatures, they are quite quickly "work" - the oil begins to change the properties. This is especially unpleasant for fairly served engines. Not by chance, some manufacturers firms are secretly recommended to replace mineral Oil Already in 5-6 thousand km mileage.

Synthetic base oil, on the contrary, "collected" from the necessary types of hydrocarbons. In nature, this combination may not even exist, but there is nothing accidental in this product - its stability is high, and the properties are predicted. At the same time, thickening additives are either not needed at all, or they are required significantly less.

In addition to the synthetics of hydrocarbon there is still polyglycolic, as well as halo carbon. However, it is exotic, and the main place in the market belongs to those whose oils on the hydrocarbon synthetic base.

The semi-synthetic base oil is a mixture of a conventional base of mineral oil with synthetic: with the percentage of the latter - usually 20-30, not more. This is enough to "pull up" some properties weak mineral water. Such oil occupies an intermediate position between the mineral water and synthetics - a sort of "synthetic for a poor."

How real is the type of oil affects the stability of its parameters, can give a simple experiment. We take two oils of one Russian company - mineral water and 5W40 synthetics and alternately check on the same engine for 50 hours. If you recalculate on mileage, it will turn out somewhere 4000 km. In the course of the tests every 5 hours, we select samples and measure viscosity parameters at different temperatures. The result is in the picture.

At the mineral water, the viscosity at first, as a rule, significantly decreases - the destruction of thickening additives is being destroyed, but from some moment it begins to grow: the accumulation of decomposition products in oil is affected. But the plot of stable viscosity is practically no! To a certain extent, this, by the way, take into account the requirements of SAE: according to them, the viscosity variation is allowed for such oils at 100 ° C from 12.5 to 16 UTS (Santistoks - a unit of measurement of viscosity), but its oscillations are stacked in the measurement error limit.

What is written on the bank

The main indicator for any oil is its viscosity, which is characterized by numbers on banks. We classify the viscosity or on the American standard SAE, or in our guest. We - everything is clear: if on the bank, let's say, costs 5z14, this means that there are all-season oil in it, two digits say about the same. The second is a viscosity at 100 ° C in centistoxes (CST), more precisely - the range of its change. According to GOST for this oil, viscosity can vary from 12.5 to 14.5 CST. But the first digit gives limitation of viscosity at -18 ° C, providing engine launch in winter. The letter "s" shows that the oil is thickened by viscous additives.

SAE is much more difficult. There, all-season oil also have two digits separated by the letter W. But they denote the temperature range of oil applicability and its viscosity at 100 ° C. For example, 10W40 means that it can be used at a temperature not lower than -20 ° C, and at 100 ° C its viscosity should be 12.5-16.3 CR. 0W40 means running from -30 ° C, 15W40 - from -10 ° C. So according to the classification of SAE last winter, in general, nothing could ride anything! How wrong! It's good that not everyone is familiar with SAE ...

The most interesting thing is for synthetics, and for mineral water, the classification of viscosity is the same! The same numbers on the bank, which was discussed, completely independent of the composition of the oil! And this is correct - the engine of the chemical formula of the oil does not distinguish, it is necessary to submit the desired viscosity.

Hot and cold ...

But that's not all. The engine works, one can say, in an unimaginable temperature range, and the viscosity with the temperature changes, and even how! The same oil of 10W40 at 100 ° C may have a viscosity of 14 WST, and at -18 ° C - already about 3,500 cst, that is, more than 200 times! In general, the threshold of turning crankshaft There is a viscosity of about 5,000 WST and not at all that "the shaft in the oil is freezing." With this temperature, the remaining oil remaining in the system, "duby", and neither the oil pump or the shaft itself can no longer turn.

Since the dependence of viscosity on temperature is inevitable, I would very much like to have a smaller viscosity at low temperatures, and at high - more, but in moderation. The ratio of viscosity here is set by two parameters - the temperature coefficient and the viscosity index. The first is the ratio of the difference in viscosity at 0 and 100 ° C to viscosity at 50 ° C. What he is less - the better. For all-season minerals, it is within 5-8, and for synthetic - 4-6.

The second parameter is determined by comparison of the characteristics of the test oil with two references. For one viscosity index is taken equal to 100, for the other - 0. The higher the index, the smaller the viscosity at low temperatures! So, at the best minerals, this index is not rising above 110-115, and for a synthetic it can reach 150! That is why the engine on the synthetic in winter is easier. By the way, anywhere on the banks, the viscosity index is not specified - it can be found only in that or other documents for specific oil, but to remember the difference of these parameters, and therefore, it is necessary for the properties at low temperatures!

It turns out, synthetics is really "juicy", but only in the cold.

Horror stories finally

Whatever oil you prefer, the main criterion of choice should be the recommendations of the engine manufacturer, and concrete brand. Especially if we are talking about synthetics: it is still young and not deprived of some growth diseases. Those who neglect this can expect promised horror stories: examples - in the photo. The same motor just "chased" on two different oils - The results of oh what are different ...

So read the instructions! And only then make a choice.