Classification and Marking of DVS. Classification and marking of ship internal engine wheels What is the engine brand

Marking of DVS according to GOST

Marking of internal combustion engines (DVS). Mark allows you to judge the main design features and sizes of diesel. Its technical is economic characteristics (power, speed, fuel consumption, lubricating oil, etc.) are given in the passport or form (manual).

Basic description

According to GOST 4363-48, each internal combustion engine has a conditional designation called brand. The digit in the mark indicates the number of cylinders, the letter characteristic of the engine and the fraction - the diameter of the cylinder (numerator) and the stroke of the piston (denominator) in centimeters. * Proper to express in millimeters! In addition, after the fraction can stand the figure indicating the upgrade number.

Characteristics of the DVS characteristics

In accordance with GOST 4363-48, the letters in the engine brand means: h - four-stroke D - two-stroke DD - a two-stroke double action G - gas P - reversible C - ship with a reversible clutch P - with a gear transmission to - Creicoppic n - with inflatable

Additionally

Some plant, besides mandatory marking, are assigned factory stamps manufactured engines. For example, brand according to GOST Engine:

6CSSP 15/18 is decoded as follows: six-cylinder four-stroke vessel with a reversing clutch and reduction transmission, with a diameter of a cylinder 150 mm and a piston stroke 180 mm; Factory engine brand 3D6. 6hd 31.8 / 33 - six-cylinder four-stroke with inflammatory, with a diameter of a cylinder 318mm and a 330mm piston stroke; Factory Mark D50.

Source: Book "Ship Diesels (Device, Fundamentals of Theory and Operation)" A.F. Gogin, D.F. Kupriyanov, E.F. Kivalkin

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DVS is classified according to the following features:

1 - by the nature of the working cycle - the heat supply to the working fluid at a constant volume, constant pressure and with a mixed body supply (i.e., at a constant volume, then at constant pressure of gases);

2 - according to the method of implementing the working cycle - four-stroke, in which the cycle is carried out for four consecutive stroke of the piston (for two crankshaft turns), and two-stroke, in which the cycle is carried out for two consecutive stroke of the piston (for one crankshaft turn);

3 - according to the method of air supply - with superior and without chapter. In 4---stroke engine, no pressurization, the cylinder is filled with fresh charge (air or hot mixture) by the suction piston stroke, in a 2--stroke-stroke-piston compressor with a mechanical drive from the engine. In FDC with supervision (they are called combined) there is a turbocharger supplying air to the engine at elevated pressure;

4 - according to the method of fuel ignition - with ignition from compression (diesel engines) and with spark ignition (carburetor and gas);

5 - by the nature of the fuel used - liquid fuel and gas;

6 - according to the mixing method - with internal mixing formation, when the fuel-air mixture is formed inside the cylinder (diesel engines), and with external mixing formation, when this mixture is prepared before it is supplied to the working cylinder. The main methods of internal mixing - bulk, volume and film and film;

7 - according to the type of combustion chamber (COP) - with unrequited single-graded, with semi-defined (COP in piston) and divided COP (pre-commercial, dramatic and air -1med COP);

8 - in terms of rotation of the crankshaft N - low-turn with n. < 240 мин -1 , среднеоборотные 240 < n. < 750 min -1, high lap 750< n. < 1500 min -1 and high-speed with n. \u003e 1500 min -1;

9 - by appointment - the main intended for the drive of ship drivers, and auxiliary;

10 - on the principle of action - simple action (the working cycle is performed in one cavity of the cylinder), dual-action (the working cycle is performed in two cavity cavities - above and under the piston) and with oppositely moving pistons;

11 - on the constructive execution of the crank mechanism (CSM) - trout and critophisticis;

12 - by the location of the cylinders - vertical, horizontal, single-row, double-row, V-shaped, star-shaped.

The main definitions are the following:

- NMT and NMT, corresponding to the extreme positions of the piston in the cylinder;

- piston stroke, i.e. distance between the extreme positions of the piston;

- the volume of the compression chamber (or combustion), corresponding to the volume of the cylinder cavity when the piston is in the NWT;

- The working volume of the cylinder, which is described by the piston between dead dots.

To marking diesel engines of the production of CIS countries, conventions consisting of letters and numbers are adopted: C four-stroke; D - two-stroke; DD is a two-stroke double action; P - reversive; C - with a reversible clutch; H - with supervision. The absence of the letter to in the marking - the engine is knocked.

Machine-building industry produces a huge amount of DVS, differing in principle of action, constructive execution, appointment, etc. To familiarize yourself with all the variety of existing types of engines, it is advisable to classify them (divided by various features). We will give such a DVS division according to the following signs:

By the nature of the fuel used:

• Petrol;
• Working on lightweight diesel fuel;
• Working on severe residual fuel (such as fuel oil);
• Gas engines (fuel - natural or generating gas);
• Gas-liquid (main fuel - gas, ostable - liquid) and multi-fuel capable of working in a wide range of liquid and gaseous fuels.

By way of mixing:

• With external mixture formation (carburetor and gas engines);
• With internal mixture formation (engines with direct fuel injection and compressor engines).

According to the method of fuel ignition:

• With forced spark ignition (carburetor and gas engine);
• With self-ignition (diesel engines);
• With mixed ignition (calorizator engines and so-called "gas-sized", in which gas flammives from self-ignition of a small dose of the rally liquid fuel).

By the nature of the heat supply in the working cycle:

• With heat supply at a constant volume (gasoline carburetor engines);
• With heat supply at constant pressure (compressor diesel engines);
• With mixed heat supply (modern diesel engines).

By the method of implementing a working cycle:

• 4-stroke and 2-strokes.

By way of action:

• Simple action (the operating cycle is carried out only in the upper cavity of the cylinder);
• Dual action (the duty cycle is carried out both in the top and in the lower cavity of the cruitophone engine).

According to the method of filling cylinders:

• Without boost (when the air pressure or the working mixture in the cylinder is approximately equal to or less environmental pressure);
• With a superposition (when the air or the working mixture is supplied to the cylinder under high pressure due to compression in the purge-advanced unit).

According to the design of the combustion chamber:

• Engines with unrealized combustion chambers (most ship diesel engines);
• With semi-coded combustion chambers (combustion chamber - in piston) and c) with separated combustion chambers (drainage and pre-commercial engines).

According to the design of the piston:

• Trout (when the head bearing is located in the piston);
• Creicoppic (head bearing - in Creicopfe);
• Rotary motors (the so-called Vankel engines, in which the piston is in the form of a rotating rotor).

By the location of cylinders:

• Row execution (most ship diesel engines);
• With oppositely moving pistons (DCSFORD diesel engines, England; engines of the Kharkov Machine-Building Plant ZD-100, etc.);
• V, W, H - shaped;
• Star-shaped;
• Vertical;
• Horizontal, etc.

According to the design of organs of gas exchange 2-stroke engine:

• With directive valve purge;
• With direct and slotting blowing;
• With contour purge (contour transverse; contour loop or contour combined, which includes both of these elements).

By destination:

• The main (operating on the propulsion directly, through the gearbox, with the help of power or generating gas to the main gas turbine - the so-called "free-piston gas generators";
• Auxiliary (serving to drive auxiliary mechanisms of the power plant).

If possible, change the direction of rotation of the crankshaft:

• Reversible (most of the main engines);
• Non-persistent (auxiliary engines and some of the main, having a reverse gear or screw-operated steps).

In the speed of rotation of the crankshaft:

• Low-turn (with rotation frequencyN \u003d 60-350 rpm);
• Middle-turn (n \u003d 350-750 rpm) and c) high-speed diesel engines (n \u003d 750-2500 rpm and above).

By middle speed piston:

• Low (average speed cm \u003d 4.5-7.0 m / s);
• Average speed (cm \u003d 7.0-10 m / s);
• Speed \u200b\u200b(cm \u003d 10-15 m / s).

The main signs of diesel engines are taken into account in the marking adopted in Russia in accordance with GOST 4393-48. Thus, 4-stroke diesel engines are denoted by the letter "h", 2-stroke - "D", two-stroke double action - "DD", 4-stroke double action - "CHD", reversible - "R", diesel engines with a reversible coupling - " C ", with a built-in reducer transmission -" P ", with a superposition -" H ", Creicoppic diesel engines are indicated by the letter" K ".

Ship internal combustion engine

In the first place of the engine brand is the number of cylinders, on the latter - in the numerator diameter of the cylinder, in the denominator, the piston stroke into see. In some cases, its modification is specified at the end of the engine brand. Sometimes the engine is also applied.

Some labeling examples:

1. Engine 6DKRN 60/229-10 - 6-cylinder, two-stroke, simple action, cruitophone, reversible, with a superior, cylinder diameter D \u003d 60 cm, piston stroke S \u003d 229 cm, 10th modification;
2. Engine 64 18/22. - 6-cylinder, 4-stroke, trone, non-observative, without boost, cylinder diameter D \u003d 18 cm, piston stroke S \u003d 22 cm;
3. Engine 42 CHNSP 16/17 (factory designation M-503g) - 42 cylinder, 4-stroke, touch, with a supervision, with a reversible gear, cylinder diameter d \u003d 16 cm, piston stroke S \u003d 17 cm.

The accepted label does not allow for all signs of engines. However, this marking gives a more complete picture of the main features of the engine compared with the labels adopted in other countries.

Material prepared for publication M. Shukhanov (Aka Miha, Ctteam) and MGS.

Note: Hereinafter, the transfer from the SI system to technical and back, where accuracy is not required, is made with an accuracy of up to 2%. Energy and economic indicators - on an external high-speed characteristic (GOST 14846 -81).

Marking of DVS ZMZ.

Marking (identification number) of the engines is applied on a special processed area located on the left side of the engine on the cylinder block over the bobbers of the fastening of the front engine support. In the labeling of engines, the letters of the Latin alphabet (except letters I, O, Q) and Arabic numbers are used. Letters and numbers are applied using a brand impact method. Marking consists of two components: descriptive and index. The descriptive part of the marking consists of six characters and has the following structure. In the first place is the abbreviated digital designation of the model of the basic configuration engine. If the designation of the engine model includes less than six digits, then zeros are knocked out on the unfilled places of the last signs. For example: "406200".

To reflect the embodiment of the motor completeness other than the basic, the conditional letter code of this completeness is applied, which is located on the last sign (right). The conditional code of the completeness is assigned the manufacturer (ZMZ). For example: "40620 F" and others. The index part of the label consists of eight characters (numbers and letters). The first sign is the conditional letter of the engine of the engine of the engine (V - 1997; W - 1998; X - 1999; Y-2000). Subsequent years will be marked with numbers: 2001 Digital 1, 2002 - Figure 2, etc. The second sign is the conditional digital code for the assembly shop (conveyor), in which the engine is assembled (o, 1, 2 ...). Subsequent signs are the sequence number of the engine assigned by the manufacturer (ZMZ). At unfilled places, zeros are knocked out the index of labeling. For example: "W4002774", where W - - 1998; 4 - the code of the assembly shop (conveyor); 2774 - Engine number. At the beginning and end of the marking, as well as between its components, the dividing sign is knocked out - a five-pointed asterisk. An example of marking:

Phase timing.

DVS is classified according to the following features:

1 - by the nature of the working cycle - the heat supply to the working fluid at a constant volume, constant pressure and with a mixed body supply (i.e., at a constant volume, then at constant pressure of gases);

2 - according to the method of implementing the working cycle - four-stroke, in which the cycle is carried out for four consecutive stroke of the piston (for two crankshaft turns), and two-stroke, in which the cycle is carried out for two consecutive stroke of the piston (for one crankshaft turn);

3 - according to the method of air supply - with superior and without chapter. In 4---stroke engine, no pressurization, the cylinder is filled with fresh charge (air or hot mixture) by the suction piston stroke, in a 2--stroke-stroke-piston compressor with a mechanical drive from the engine. In FDC with supervision (they are called combined) there is a turbocharger supplying air to the engine at elevated pressure;

4 - according to the method of fuel ignition - with ignition from compression (diesel engines) and with spark ignition (carburetor and gas);

5 - by the nature of the fuel used - liquid fuel and gas;

6 - according to the mixing method - with internal mixing formation, when the fuel-air mixture is formed inside the cylinder (diesel engines), and with external mixing formation, when this mixture is prepared before it is supplied to the working cylinder. The main methods of internal mixing - bulk, volume and film and film;

7 - according to the type of combustion chamber (COP) - with unrequited single-graded, with semi-defined (COP in piston) and divided COP (pre-commercial, dramatic and air -1med COP);

8 - in terms of rotation of the crankshaft N - low-turn with n. < 240 мин -1 , среднеоборотные 240 < n. < 750 min -1, high lap 750< n. < 1500 min -1 and high-speed with n. \u003e 1500 min -1;

9 - by appointment - the main intended for the drive of ship drivers, and auxiliary;

10 - on the principle of action - simple action (the working cycle is performed in one cavity of the cylinder), dual-action (the working cycle is performed in two cavity cavities - above and under the piston) and with oppositely moving pistons;

11 - on the constructive execution of the crank mechanism (CSM) - trout and critophisticis;

12 - by the location of the cylinders - vertical, horizontal, single-row, double-row, V-shaped, star-shaped.

The main definitions are the following:

- NMT and NMT, corresponding to the extreme positions of the piston in the cylinder;

- piston stroke, i.e. distance between the extreme positions of the piston;

- the volume of the compression chamber (or combustion), corresponding to the volume of the cylinder cavity when the piston is in the NWT;

- The working volume of the cylinder, which is described by the piston between dead dots.

To marking diesel engines of the production of CIS countries, conventions consisting of letters and numbers are adopted: C four-stroke; D - two-stroke; DD is a two-stroke double action; P - reversive; C - with a reversible clutch; H - with supervision. The absence of the letter to in the marking - the engine is knocked.