Method of calculation and indicators of the cost of the mileage and downtime of motor vehicles
^ 5.4.6.1 General. The determination of the cost of the mileage (downtime) of motor vehicles is carried out by direct account in the context of variables and permanent cost groups.
The magnitude of direct costs is determined per 1 km of the car's mileage as an amount of expenses according to the following articles: fuel, lubricants and other operational materials, tires, maintenance and repair of rolling stock.
The magnitude of constant costs is determined per 1 hour of the car as the amount of expenses under articles: depreciation (as a percentage of the cost per year), driver salary and overhead.
5.4.6.2 Calculation of the cost of 1 auth. - Km Male
The cost of 1 auth - km of the car's mileage is calculated according to the following formula:
where: 
- the cost of fuel, rub.;
- Costs for lubricants, rub.;
- costs for restoring tire wear, rub.;
- depreciation deductions, rub.;
- cost of repair and maintenance of the car, rub.;
- driver salary, rub.;
- the magnitude of overhead costs,% of direct costs;
T - the average annual use of a car, h;
- Regional correction factor to the cost of car mileage.
Calculation of fuel costs
The cost of fuel is determined by the following formula:
, (20)
where: 
- cost 1 liter fuel, rub.;
- Regulatory fuel consumption, l / km or m³ / km:
for passenger cars and buses
, (21)
where: 
- basic fuel consumption rate on a mileage or simple car (according to NIIA), l / 100km or m³ / 100km;
- correction coefficient, taking into account the allowance for fuel consumption in the winter period of time:
, (22)
where: 
- the number of winter months a year;
- the size of the installed premium (according to NIIAT),%.
for onboard trucks, tractors of dump trucks and vans
where: - the basic fuel consumption rate on the mileage or simple car, l / 100km or m³ / 100km;
- fuel consumption rate on transport work, l / 100km or m³ / 100km;
G - vehicle load capacity, t;
- coefficient of use of load capacity;
- The coefficient of use of the car's mileage (with cargo).
Calculation of lubricant costs
Lubricant costs are determined by the following formula:
where: 
- regulatory fuel consumption per mileage or simple car, l / km or m³ / km;
- Motor oil flow rate per 100 liters of total fuel consumption, l;
- cost of 1 l of engine oil, rub.;
- transmission rate of transmission oil per 100 liters of total fuel consumption, l;
- cost of 1 l of transmission oil, rub.;
- the rate of consumption of special oil per 100 liters of total fuel consumption, l;
- cost 1 l of special oil, rub.;
- the rate of consumption of plastic lubricants per 100 liters of total fuel consumption, kg;
- cost 1 kg of plastic lubricants, rub ..
^
Calculation of the cost of restoration of tire wear
where: 
- the norm for the restoration of wear and repair of tires per 1000 km of mileage, shares of units;
- cost 1 set of tires, cameras, rim tape, rub.;
K - number of running tires by car, pcs.
^
Calculation of depreciation deductions
where: 
- the rate of depreciation on the complete restoration of the car,%;
- car cost (tractor), thousand rubles;
- the rate of depreciation on the complete recovery of the trailer,%;
Calculation of car maintenance costs
where: 
and 
- the cost of maintenance costs, respectively, the car and the trailer installed on 1000 km of the run,%;
p - coefficient to the cost of costs, taking into account road conditions: for roads I category - 0.84; For roads II category - 0.92; For roads III category - 1.0; For roads IV category - 1.17; For roads V category - 1.25;
Cost of car (tractor), thousand rubles;
The cost of the trailer, thousand rubles.
Calculation of the driver's salary
, (28)
where: 
- the hour tariff rate of the driver (according to the "Sectoral tariff agreement on road transport for 2002-2004"), rub.;
- coefficient to the tariff rate of the driver.
Calculation of the cost of 1 car operation
^ Calculation of the cost of 1 car downtime
(30)
The formation of the regulatory framework for calculating the specific indicators of losses from increasing the cost of transportation of goods and passengers in the prices of 2010 was carried out by recalculating the basic indicators of the main types of variables and permanent costs for transportation of cars developed at the Department of Economic Economy MADI (GTU) for pricing conditions in 2002
The calculated values \u200b\u200bof the indicators of variables and constant costs on the brands of passenger cars, buses and trucks are given in Appendix A.
Methodology for calculating operational socio-economic losses of users
5.5.1 Calculation of user costs during repair work with overlapping strip
During road repair work, additional operating socio-economic losses of users of roads are arising related to the restriction of traffic flow and occurring due to this congestion.
Determination of operational socio-economic losses during periods of repair of road clothing structures are carried out according to the formulas of section 5.4.6 with some adjustment:
For the duration of each period of repair (which in terms of repair work is inserted into the incomplete year in days in days);
The conditions for the organization of traffic movement during the repair work, which are characterized by two parameters: the value of the narrowing of the carriage part of the structure (if its complete closure does not take place) and the length of the repair work zone.
The source data for calculating the specified types of losses is:
with partial overlap of motion on the road
The length of each zone of repair work, km;
The average velocity of the transport flow in the repair area, km / h;
The average time of downtime of cars in the case of alternately passing them on one strip of movement;
with full overlap of movement on the road
The length of the leakage of the repaired area;
Traffic flow speed on the circulation;
Duration of repair work, day.
To perform calculations, it is necessary to have certain data of the features of the organization of road work to perform the analysis and obtain an assessment of user costs. The source data required for this:
Planned year of work.
Duration of work (number of days).
Certain hours of each day of performance.
The length of the repair work zone, km.
Throughput when carrying out work (vehicles per hour through the traffic strip).
Speed \u200b\u200blimit in the area of \u200b\u200bwork, km / h.
Number of open traffic strips during repair work.
Annual average daily movement in the year of construction (total number for both directions).
The composition of the transport flow.
The number of trucks without trailers in the composition of the transport flow.
Trucks with trailers and tractors with semi-trailers in the transport stream.
Annual growth rate of traffic intensity.
Speed \u200b\u200blimit at normal operational mode (km / h).
Number of traffic strips with normal motion mode.
The average hourly intensity of the transport flow (autumn hour) by the movement strip.
Maximum bandwidth in congestion conditions (the ability of each strip of movement in congestion conditions).
Maximum traffic intensity (aut / day).
Maximum queue length (km).
Rural or urban hourly transport distribution.
The cost of time for cars by car brands (rub / hour).
The cost of time for single trucks without car trailers (rub / hour).
The cost of time for trucks with trailers and semi-trailers by car brands (rub / hour).
Transport flow time during strip overlap ( 
, hour): 
, hour, (31)
where: 
- Time traffic flow in the work area of \u200b\u200bwork, hour:
, rub (39)
Figure 1. Car flow diagram: A - with free movement; B - when overlapping a strip of movement
2.3 The calculation of the article "Costs per 1 km run" is made by the formula
where - the cost of fuel, den.ru / km;
Costs for lubricating and versatile materials, den.ied .. / km;
Costs for those. Service and maintenance, den.ru / km;
Costs for depreciation, den.ru / km;
Costs for repair and restoration of tires, den.ru / km;
Costs for salary drivers, den.ru / km;
Costs for overhead, den.ru / km.
2.4. Calculation of the article "Fuel Costs" is made by the formula:
,
where is the wholesale price of fuel;
Fuel consumption rate, l / 100 km;
The coefficient that takes into account the increased fuel consumption in the winter.
2.5 Calculation of the article "Costs for Lubricants and White Materials" is made by the formula:
where, - norms of consumption of machine, transmission oils and plastic lubrication per 100 km run.
Wholesale prices, respectively, oil used, den.ru
2.6 Calculation of the article "Maintenance costs and operational repair" is made by the formula:
where 
- Cost on costs of costs-1, TO-2, EO, den.;
The average cost of current repairs per 1000 km of run;
- regulatory mileage of the car to TO-1, TO-2, EO, km;
,
where is a coefficient that takes into account the reduction of operating costs for the new car.
2.7 Calculation of the article "Depreciation costs" is made by the formula:
,
where is the wholesale price, den .;
Annual car mileage, km;
Annual rate of depreciation deductions for the full restoration of the car,%,
Annual rate of depreciation deductions for the overhaul of the car,%.
2.8 Calculation of the article "Costs for restoration and repair of tires" is made by the formula:
,
where is the wholesale (retail) price of one bus, den.ed.;
Number of running tires, pcs.;
Shock absorption tire mileage, i.e. tires, km;
The coefficient, taking into account the cost of repairing tires.
2.9 The calculation of the article "The cost of salary of drivers" is made by the formula:
,
where is the tariff earnings of the driver, den.ru.;
Coefficient, taking into account surcharges and premiums;
12 - the number of months per year.
2.10. Calculation of the article "Costs for overhead" is made by the formula:
,
where is the standard of annual overhead costs for one car, den.ru
II. Drawing up estimation costs per 1 km run
Table 51. - Estimation of operating costs
| № | Expenditures | Amount, rubles | Result Appearance Saving |
|
| Base | New | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 1 | Fuel costs | 0,0754 | 0,0742 | -0,0012 |
| 2 | Costs for lubricant | 0,00605 | 0,00608 | 0,00003 |
| 3 | Cost on | 1,035 | 1 | -0,035 |
| 4 | Depreciation costs | 0,0256 | 0,3023 | 0,2767 |
| 5 | Tire repair costs | 0,0075 | 0,0082 | 0,0007 |
| 6 | Salary costs | 0,0425 | 0,0386 | -0,0039 |
| 7 | Costs for overhead | 0,026 | 0,0236 | -0,0024 |
| 8 | TOTAL: | 1,21805 | 1,45298 | 0,23493 |
III. Costs per unit of transport work (cost1 T-km.) Are determined by the formula:
;
IV. Annual operating costs are calculated by the volume of transport work performed by the new car for the basic and new car:
,
where, - costs in operation for the year, respectively, according to the basic and new technique.
Part 3. Calculation of indicators of economic efficiency of new techniques.
I. The definition of conditionally annual economy (rise) is made in the three spheres:
3.1 in production:
,
where is the annual program for the release of new techniques.
3.2. In the field of operation:
,
3.3. In general, by national economy:
,
II. The definition of the annual economic effect on the national economy is made according to one of the above formulas:
3.4. If the new technique reduces costs, both in the field of production and in the field of operation, the economic effect is calculated by the formula:
3.5 If the new technique gives an economic effect only in the field of operation, and in production is more expensive, the economic effect is calculated by the formula:
3.6. If a new technique of increased quality (with a higher price), the economic effect is calculated by the formula.
How to correctly calculate the cost of cargo transportation, and what is the cost of cargo transportation? This question arises before the majority of logic. This is necessary to properly monitor the ratio of price and cost. In addition, such calculations may be required to provide the client to substantiate the required price. The service for transporting goods must be paid by the customer of transport services.
What should be included in the cost of freight?
Prices for shipping consist of a variety of factors. Their size can affect product features, its mass and dimensions, number of places, complexity category, packaging type. The delicate of cargo may be different: products can be ordinary, liquid, bulk or food. Having received information about the transportation of the product from the shipper, the carrier takes into account the features of its transportation and based on this calculates the cost of shipping products.
Calculation of the cost of cargo transportation
Most often, the cost of transportation is directly proportional to the mass, volume or number of places engaged in cargo. The logistics must allocate for itself the most defining from the listed moments. The calculation of the bet must be based on a certain condition: the mass of one cubic meter should not be higher than a specific number of kilograms. With the Tariff team, the calculated weight of the cargo is taken as the basis. For example, the mass of one cubic meter is 0.5 tons, and one rose meter is 1.5 tons. 2 calculated weights are calculated: according to "Ravendres" and cubic meters. Then they compare with real weight. Of the three results obtained, you need to choose the largest. As a result, you need to look at the tariff scheme and find out the cost of a specific delivery.
Calculation of tariff for transportation, price per kilometer
What rule is the transport companies, calculating their rates? Traditionally, the calculation takes place for each kilometer. The list of mainstreaming includes buying fuel, materials and equipment. This can also include the costs of infrastructure, payment of tax and other contributions. As a result, it turns out the cost of one kilometer path, plus taxes and expenses for improvement. In the event that the carrier works only on a specific route and knows his own monthly costs and mileage costs, it is much easier for it to calculate the tariff. Approximately 25% is laid on the development of the transport sector. As a result, rates for a kilometer are obtained. Although the carrier must understand that in reality, the profit is rarely obtained above 5-10%.
Calculation of the cost of cargo transportation, rate for the full circle
With the further calculation of the cost of delivery, the tariff for a kilometer must be multiplied by a doubled number of kilometers to the final place. As a result, it turns out the rate for the full "circle". With one-sided loading, the number of kilometers should be not doubled, but single. The number of travel in the month is the mileage per day. The resulting number is the cost of the flight there and back. It should be remembered that the cost will become noticeably lower if the loading is aligned with unloading.
Calculation of the cost of transportation frequently used by transport companies
There is another option to calculate the price of the freight, which is based on the budget of the transport company. With it, all expenses of the organization are distributed between different customers.
Do not forget that not only internal causes and calculations can affect the rates. For example, for each region there is a tariff. In the central cities of Russia they are above the average by 20-30%. In this case, the increase in the cost of transportation is due to the large number of proposals for the transportation of products.
The driver of the truck fell asleep
Today we will talk about such a topic as: a tariff system of remuneration, and one of the discussions on Facebook came across this topic.
To begin with, we define that there is such a tariff system. Let us give this term for ease of writing, abbreviated species - TS.
TC includes the following:
- tariff standardization of labor;
- a tariff net for remuneration of workers in accordance with the complexity of the work performed (by the qualifications of employees) and, taking into account their personal business qualities;
- differentiation of tariff rates of the discharge on the significance of certain types of industries and works, their technological complexity, as well as the significance of the field of employment of labor;
- Supplements for work in working conditions deviating from normal, working conditions.
Now we will analyze every item in order.
Tariff regulation of labor Employees (the definition of the complexity of work and assignment of employee discharges) is based on the application of regulatory documents developed both in a centralized manner and directly within the company.
The centrally developed documents include:
- ETKS all issues;
- Qualification reference books of the RCC positions;
- OKPDTR.
The regulatory documents developed within the company include:
- a grouping of work on working conditions deviating from normal gravity, harmfulness, hazards for the health of workers, and other factors;
- Grouping of RCC posts on qualifying discharges of the tariff net. This may also include individual professions of workers not included in the ETKS or pro-sampled company;
- grouping of work on the categories of importance of the type of activity, the scope of employment and technological complexity to determine the differentiation coefficients of rates (salaries).
- full-time schedules (arrangements) by divisions that establish a qualifying and official division of labor between employees and ensuring the production functioning of the unit;
- Official (production) instructions of workers.
The goal is described separately, proceed by reference.
Tariff meshfor employee remuneration, workers have a uniform increase of rates from one qualifying discharge to another and provide for the range of initial monthly tariff rates (salaries) for each category designed to establish a tariff rate employee (salary). At the same time, monthly initial tariff rates are recalculated into hourly tariff rates by dividing them to the average monthly standards of working time, respectively, for 40-hour (36; 30) of the working week.
Hourly tariff rates for workers who have been installed 40-hour. Broadcast
| Interconnected step | COEF-T | Discharge | mIN. | med. | max |
| 1 | 1,00 | 1. | 64,00 ₽ | 67,00 ₽ | 106.00 ₽ |
| 1,13 | 1,13 | 2. | $ 72.50 | 75.50 ₽ | 120,00 ₽. |
| 1,13 | 1,28 | 3. | 82,00 ₽. | 85.50 ₽ | 135.50 ₽. |
| 1,13 | 1,45 | 4. | 92.50 ₽. | 96.50 ₽ | 153.00 ₽ |
| 1,13 | 1,63 | 5. | 104.50 ₽. | 109,00 ₽ | 173.00. |
| 1,13 | 1,84 | 6. | 118.00 ₽ | 123.00 ₽. | 195.50 ₽ |
| 1,13 | 2,09 | 7. | 133.50 ₽. | 139.00 ₽. | 221.00 ₽ |
| 1,13 | 2,36 | 8. | $ 151.00 | 157.00 ₽ | 249.50 ₽. |
Taking into account the differentiation, the tariff mesh may take the following form:
