He began to release minibuses with full or rear-wheel drive in the early 60s. Since then, lighting, engine power systems, brakes have changed, but the total design of the machines has not undergone noticeable changes.
Ulyanovsk minibuses that received a characteristic form of the nickname "Buanka" are applied in different fields. One of these areas is to create ambulance for off-road conditions.
"Sanitary" with a full drive
The reason for creating a fine-driven sanitary car was the lack of roads between many small settlements of the USSR. Since 1989, sanitary UAZ-3962 began to be published to provide ambulance stations in such places. The car in the same version is made today, since it does not have competitors who can combine maintainability and high permeability. However, the key factor when choosing a UAZ-3962 car is the price that is at the fall of 2017 a little less than 510 thousand rubles. The list of additional options is not rich and consists of one position - the rotary headlight on the roof with a cost of 1 thousand rubles.
The basic equipment of the machine includes anti-lock brake system, power steering and an additional passenger compartment heater. Inside the compartment provides guides for stretcher and two places for health workers or accompanying. Along the wall and on the ceiling there are regular places to install medical equipment.
Specifications
Constructive UAZ-3962 is a regular minibus with a complete drive, a little adapted for the transport of patients and medical personnel. From the outside the car is applied with a red strip with an "ambulance" and telephone 03 on the central wide body rack. The second color option includes the inscriptions "Medical" on the front doors and a medical cross. Typical coloring options UAZ-3962 in the photo above and below.
The car is equipped with a wagon-type all-metal frame body and has one side door on the left side and two doors on the right. The loading of the stretcher with the patient is carried out through the rear doors with symmetric swing sash. The overall indicators of the car do not differ from the rest of Ulyanovsky minibuses.
UAZ-3962 is equipped with the only type of engine. This is a gasoline four-cylinder 112-strong ZMZ 4091 unit. The motor has a volume of almost 2700 cubes and works calmly on gasoline A92. A sufficiently powerful engine allows you to overclock the sanitary "loaf" to 125-127 km / h.
But because of the high weight of the machine and poor aerodynamics, fuel consumption is not below 13.5 liters even in a rustic cycle. On severe off-road, consumption increases and can reach 25 liters and more. The gasoline reserve is located in a 77-liter tank.
Off-road abilities
The UAZ-3962 car is equipped with a transmission for a full drive, which includes:
- Five drive gearbox.
- Two-speed dispensing box.
- Cardan shafts for bridges.
- Front bridge with a shut-off drive.
- Rear axle with constant drive.
Thanks to the clearance of about 205 mm, the car confidently moves along the roads with deep kolas and overcomes water obstacles to a half-meter depth.
In the early 50s of the last century it seemed that nuclear war between the USSR and the United States would not be able to power. The postpocalyptic future was perceived almost as inevitable, and the whole question was only in the one who is better to prepare to it. The Ulyanovsk Automotive Plant, who was from the time of World War II "branch" on the production of GAZ-69, on the eve of the almost started third receives a secret order from the Ministry of Defense: to develop a car for ... the export of the wounded and died of radioactive defeat foci.
It is now unknown to almost anyone, except for several surviving developers of this car, but in the usual "loaf" with a body van, which you can often watch on the streets, was realized the possibility of transportation, in addition to the driver and passenger, five stretchers with injuries: four Of them are attached on sides in two tiers, and the fifth are rushing between the side ... amazing? Little looks like the truth? Of course, because these facts were many years of stricter classified!
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Made in Usr.
In the second half of the 50s, an understanding began to come that the apocalypse if it would be, it is not necessary right now. He may happen tomorrow, and today the all-wheel drive car of the car layout would be very useful, which is already practically ready for production. The car, at this point, which had the name of the UAZ-450, was at the heart of His chassis GAZ-69 with the original body drawn by the designer V. I. Aryamov ... They say "Bukka" this car began to call more factory tests.
The car could take on board 800 kg of cargo and develop the speed of 90 km / h. In 1957, the preparation of this car was completed, and its mass production began in 1958. Interestingly, two years earlier in the United States began to produce a very similar car - Ford FC. That car had two main options, a truck with a short and long cabins, the van appeared later and was released a little (as the model itself, which looked only until 1965), however, disputes about the Soviet and American "loaf" are still not subsidized .. . Did Aryamov stole the design of Americans? Hardly - the cars were drawn and developed at the same time (in full compliance with the canons of the "Arms race"), simply Soviet, as usual, was detained with entering the series. The point is not in the plagiarism, but in the general orientation of the design of those years - take a look, for example, on the first Volkswagen Transporter.
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The second "loaf"
From 1958 to 1965, "Buanka" under the name of the UAZ-450 (the letter A for the sanitary car was added to the index, in - for the van and d - for a truck with a wooden body) was produced in its original form: frame, 3-speed box and gasoline 2.1 liter motor, outstanding 52 hp, everything is in pure form from GAZ-69 (the same motor, by the way, was put on GAZ-20 "Victory"). By the mid-60s, the car was made more technological, leaving directly related to the army jeep: the curved welded frame was changed to the original direct, made of a chamber profile, the lever shock absorbers gave way to the telescopic, and the power unit was borrowed from GAZ 21 "Volga" - Upper-flaped 2.5-liter 70-strong engine was associated with a 4-speed gearbox. In addition, the layout of the force aggregate and steering itself was optimized.
At the same time, the car received both Faislift - the design of the front of the cabin in the form in which we know this car now. In the 1965th, the production of UAZ-452D, a modernized nickname "Golovascular") went into production (he received a member of the nickname "Golovastik"), the other modifications were tightened later: the other modifications: the WORD OF UAZ-452, "Senitark" UAZ-452a (it was called "tablet" or " Pills "), and a ten-seater minibus of UAZ-452V, which appeared in the gamma. By the way, according to one of the versions, this "too civilian" and expensive for the UAZ, the modification was born almost by chance - there were people from "Autoexport" on it, organizations sold by Soviet cars abroad. Although the "minibus" option was laid in the first sketches!
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Variations
"Buanka" is a Soviet record holder in the number of modifications and "tuning versions". Conducted by two factors: a) the car was very successful and in demand; b) UAZ had a strong "sharpening" under the army and at the same time very modest production facilities. Modifications can be divided into two large groups: made by third-party organizations and actually UAZ. The first group, numerous options for "non-zero tuning", were generated mainly by a long lack of a minibus - auto repair and mechanical plants rejected vans to buses, cutting the windows and installing the seats. Such cars that received the nickname "Barbukhai" were devoid of normal ventilation, heating and even entering out, but the situation was saved.
And more - "Barbukhai" provoked the development of a whole branch of the Soviet Auto industry: Over time, on the chassis "Buanka", they began to produce quite decent minibuses, sometimes even superior to the factory UAZ-452 in comfort - such, for example, were the apva minibuses (Pskov Author Repair Plant ). And then the same factories began to collect specialized transport on the same proven platform - so there were autocynejects ("Kuban" plant), automobiles for filmmaking (Chernihiv special vehicles plant) and even equipment for amelioration (Pskov Plant "Hydroimpuls"). As for the own research of the UAZ, the engineering staff spawned just a giant number of all sorts of prototypes, and as it is a pity that most of them did not find a place on the conveyor: "Ambulance" with a soft hydropneumatic suspension, a resuscitation car for rescuers, a 16-seater bus , crawler all-terrain vehicle, truck tractor ...
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Evolution
Throughout the 1970s, Buanka was practically not modernized. But during the restructuring in 1985-1989, the all-terrainy family was still updated: the engine power was raised to 90 hp, a two-round drive of brakes with a vacuum amplifier and upgraded bridges with other gear ratios were put. The designations of versions were changed: the onboard truck began to be called UAZ-3303, van - UAZ-3741, minibus - UAZ-2206, and a sanitary car - UAZ-3962.
In 1997, the car finally got a new engine - UMW-4218 with a volume of 2.9 liters and a capacity of 98 hp In 2008, this engine, together with Bosch, with which UAZ collaborated in the field of electronic fuel injection, was modernized, he began to be called UMP-4213 (2.9 liters, 99 hp) and responded to the norms of Euro-3. And in March 2011, he was brought to "Euro-4", in addition to the car by the car seat belts of the same standard ("Euro-4"), ABS system and power steering ... All these are coming attempts to fit into modern times, but now they Already clearly resemble the expression "that the dead poultice" - by now the car designed in the early 60s does not respond to any requirements.
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Pros and cons
European crash test This car in its current form will never pass. The chauffes even have such a sad joke about the "loaf": "to death 1.5 millimeters." It is in mind the distance that separates sitting in the cabin from the "Street" - nothing that could extinguish the energy of the strike in a collision, in this car, in principle. Add a complete absence of comfort in his modern understanding (if someone did not go to such a car, try, you are waiting for a wonderful expirers - shakes there a thoughcase and at any speed) and a very high fuel consumption (passport through the mixed cycle - 13 l / 100 km, but real - 5-7 liters more). So why is this car still alive?
Indispensable?
Under the passability of "Buanka" is located almost at the level with his "brother", the great and terrible UAZ-469 (he is 3151, now Hunter). Even the rear-wheel drive version of the loaf (in the 1960-1970s there was such a thing) was able to pass there, where ordinary minibuses could not crawl - the clearance was 230 mm against 170-180 at the "civilian"! Think: all-wheel drive "loaves" are able to overcome the 40-centimeter snowy virgin virgin and calmly move along a kee rolled out by the "Urals". A simplicity of design allows you to repair in almost the field and without a special tool - here they are, army roots!
So, she does not have a replacement? And what in this case she is prepared by learning? To get under the prohibition of production after entering the next security and environmental norms? Yes, it is a very likely outcome. But ... As we know, UAZ participates in the project "Mean" (which, in addition to the government, implies "civil" versions of cars), and now in Ulyanovsk began working with a completely new platform, where they should start Build a wide family of SUVs. It is also not excluded that on the same platform UAZ will build (attention!) Minibuses. And indeed, why would Whase, experiencing a complex "transient" period, abandon such an exclusive niche, as a minibus all-terrain vehicle? .. "Buka New"?! Why not! We drove on the topic, as such a car might look, and that's what we did ...
UAZ "Buanka" - Athlete car, car legend. The oldest of the currently surrounded in mass production of light commercial vehicles not only Russia, but also in the world. Already 60 years without a concept change of the concept, they go from the conveyor of the Ulyanovsky Auto Plant and, apparently, will be in the series not yet one year. For many decades, the most massive car in the "Bukochny" family was "Sanitary".
Yes Yes! Sanitary-medical "loaf" in the Soviet years did more than basic all-metal vans, more than onboard trucks, "headastrics" and a-a-a-ammonium more than minibuses. That is medical UAZ-450A., UAZ-452A. and UAZ-3962. In the number of applications issued, they always exceeded other relatives on the family, which, by the way, was the first independent development of Ulyanovkov.
The nickname "Tablet" was firmly attached to the medical version. About the history of "Tablets" - our story. In technical details are deeply not rejected. Accent - on appearance and internal equipment.
01.
Develop "Bukaku" began in the first half of the 1950s, and if you consider from the firstly built prototypes, then "loaf" even more than 60 years. This one of the first experimentally "search" UAZ-450A. According to the nicknamed "Forty" photographed at the exhibition in us in July 1956. 
Collection Denis Dementiev
02.
And this is the first serial UAZ-450A.. In 1958, UAZ built the first 250 such cars. Body forms and today are the same, and the "face" was the other then. Another feature of the earliest UAZ-450A. - Front doors that have opened against movement. 
Collection Denis Dementiev
03.
And in the early "loaf" there was no side door to enter the salon. Access is carried out only through the rear swing doors. 
Collection Denis Dementiev
04.
Medical Salon U. UAZ-450A.As you can see, it was extremely ascetic. 
Collection Denis Dementiev
05.
Upgraded and changed something in the "loaf" constantly. Pretty quickly opening in the opposite direction. The front doors gave way to the usual classic with anterior hinge. But the side door is even in modernized UAZ-450A. still no. 
Collection Denis Dementiev
06.
The last five copies UAZ-450A. Made in 1966. From 1958 to 1966, the Ulyanovsky Avtozavod issued 30103 serial "Sanitary" UAZ-450A.. One of those cars remained in perfect condition and is the exhibit of the UAZA factory museum. 
Photo Nikolai Markov
07.
At the all-wheel drive family UAZ-450. There was a "branch" of non-receipt, with wheel formula 4x2 - UAZ-451.. Intrette-spacing UAZs produced very little, "Sanitary" UAZ-451A. With the drive only on the rear axle, also existed, but only in prototypes. Serially sanitary "loaf" 4x2 did not produce. 
Source photo: uazbuka.ru.
08.
Room 2 for 1962 in the heading "New Soviet cars" Magazine "Automobile Transport" posted a note about UAZ-452A., "New Generation" Ulyanovsk Sanitarka. The first experienced UAZ-452A. The "Mordashka" was, such as the 450s, but (most importantly) at last a side door to enter the cabin appeared. 
09.
In a series UAZ-452A. Four years later, after a note in "road transport", in 1966. Serial machines have already had another appearance, the main features of which are preserved until today. However, the earliest is easy to distinguish on round rear-view mirrors and monophonic white turn signs. On this promotional picture with a doctor in trendy glasses and foreign shoes is shown just this option. At about the same time, the nickname "Tablet" was attached to medical "loaf". 
Collection Denis Dementiev
10.
Gradually two concepts of the cabin - civil and military. Civic (left) implied some stretchers and three seats for doctors, military (right) allowed to place stretchers for four patients (wounded). 
Collection Denis Dementiev
11.
The military version had an interesting feature - all windows could be maintained with dense tarpaulin curtains, which twisted into rolls. Military lighting rules Even for "Sanitair", no one canceled. 
Collection Denis Dementiev
12.
These dense curtains can be well considered on the perfectly preserved copy from the factory museum. 
A source: uazbuka.ru.
13.
For the sake of justice it should be noted that a civilian medical salon from clause 10. - Exhibition, "exemplary". Serial was significantly simpler. In the photo it is clearly visible. 
Collection Denis Dementiev
One of the main problems "tablets" was smoothness. At the heart of the aggregates "Kozlika", which, in turn, was so nicknamed for "jumping". And for a medical machine, this is a serious drawback.
14.
Over the problem of smoothness of the course of "Tablets" worked. In the photo - an experienced copy UAZ-452Ag And his chassis. Experts will immediately see the difference. 
Collection Denis Dementiev
15.
But just in case, photo chassis in another perspective. 
Collection Denis Dementiev
16.
The arrow shows the main difference UAZ-452Ag from standard UAZ-452A.. This car stood a hydropneumatic suspension. It is curious that over the hydropneumatic suspension UAZ began working elapsed before UAZ-452A. Let's go to mass production. This experienced sample UAZ-452Ag - 1965 buildings. And at the level of the idea, hydropneumum began to be discussed back in 1961. But the series did not come to the series, despite several years of the most serious tests. 
Collection Denis Dementiev
17.
Medical institutions across the country continued to receive "tablets" with a rigid standard suspension. 
Collection Denis Dementiev
18.
"Sanitary" UAZ-452A. Serially produced from 1966 to 1985. During this time, the Ulyanovsky Automobile Plant built a little more than 166,000 basic "tablets" UAZ-452A..
Collection Denis Dementiev
To this number you need to add 1849 constructed export "publications" UAZ-452AEE, 1245 manufactured tropical modifications UAZ-452At. and 393 very rare northern cars UAZ-452As..
19.
Northern version UAZ-452As. In mandatory, bright orange color is depicted on this photo. Such a "tablet" was equipped with two batteries instead of one, additional fog, had additional warming with technical felt and a richer medical equipment. 
A source: uazbuka.ru.
Total, for 19 years of production, almost 170,000 were manufactured UAZ-452A. All modifications.
Works on the serious modernization of the entire 452th family were launched in the second half of the 1970s. Made constructive changes in frame, brake system, steering, electrical equipment scheme. The first upgraded test samples were built in 1977.
20.
At this photo, the upgraded pilot-pre-seventive "Tablet" of 1977 buildings. The appearance has changed slightly. Front set new turn signs PF-130.and rear - lights FP-132.. There are new rearview mirrors. 
Collection Denis Dementiev
21.
The new lighting requires changes to the front body panel stamps, rear corner panels and even floor stamps. Due to the installation of the reverse headlight and the lighting light light, the outer rear door panel has changed. In general, external changes were the most noticeable. 
Collection Denis Dementiev
After the modernization of the whole family, new indices were assigned. Sanitary car received designation UAZ-3962..
22.
In a series UAZ-3962. I went only in 1985, 8 years after the construction of prototypes of this generation. In the first year of production UAZ-3962. Released parallel to S. UAZ-452A.. In that year they made 4035 copies UAZ-452A. and 7496 copies UAZ-3962..
Collection Denis Dementiev
Up to the collapse of the USSR, Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant produced, on average, a thousand UAZ-3962. Monthly, that is, more than 30 cars per day. Simply put, the Soviet Power received a new "tablet" approximately every 45 minutes.
23.
Although GOST on the white-red color of all civilian civilian cars was designed in the mid-1970s, the massively Soviet ASMP acquired such a color only towards the end of the 1980s. For an advertising book, published in 1989, UAZ-3962. Beautifully painted in GOST. 
Collection Denis Dementiev
24.
And the exemplary photo session was arranged. So I want to believe that at the construction of doctors in the USSR and in fact came on an elegant UAZ and in model shoes on a high heel :) 
Collection Denis Dementiev
25.
In reality, civil UAZ-3962. They went off the conveyor light gray and almost did not paint them along the Red and White GOST. 
Collection Denis Dementiev
26.
And the majority and at all were painted in the classic "military-protective" UAZ. Lion UAZ-3962. It was transferred immediately to the ministry of defense. 
By the way! It is thanks to the military, even at the USSR, a new tablet has not appeared on the light that there was a fundamentally new tablet. About it Relock.
