GOST 9.054-75
Group T99.
Interstate standard
Unified corrosion and aging protection system
Conservation Oils, Lubricants and Inhibited
Film-forming oil compositions
Accelerated Protective Test Methods
Unified System of Corrosion and Ageing Protection.
Anticorrosive Oils, Greases and Inhibited Film-Forming Petroleum Compounds.
Accelerated Test Methods of Protective Ability
ISS 19.040
75.100
Date of introduction 1976-07-01
Resolution of the State Committee of Standards of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of May 11, 1975 No. 1230 Date of Introduction Installed 01.07.76
Restriction of the validity of the expiration date of the N 5-94 of the Interstate Council on Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 11-12-94)
Edition with changes No. 1, 2, 3, 4, approved in June 1980, June 1985, December 1985, December 1989 (IUS 8-80, 10-85, 3-86, 3-90 ).
This standard applies to oils, lubricants and oil inhibited film-forming oil formulations (hereinafter referred to as conservation materials) used as means of temporary anticorrosive protection of products.
The standard establishes the methods of laboratory accelerated tests (hereinafter testing) to evaluate the protective ability of the coastal materials.
Standard Sets Six Test Methods:
1st - with elevated values \u200b\u200bof relative humidity and air temperature, without condensation, with periodic or constant moisture condensation;
2nd - with elevated values \u200b\u200bof the relative humidity and air temperature and the effects of sulfur arhydride with periodic condensation of moisture;
3rd - when exposed to salt fog;
4th - with constant immersion in the electrolyte;
5th - when exposed to bromide hydrochloric acid;
6th - with elevated values \u200b\u200bof relative humidity and temperature, with constant condensation in the first part of the cycle in the contact conditions of heterogeneous metals.
The method of testing or complex of methods established by this standard is chosen depending on the purpose of testing the conservation material and the conditions for placing products by Appendix 1.
1. Method 1.
The essence of the method is to withstand the conservation materials applied to metal plates, under conditions of increased relative humidity of air and temperature, without condensation, with periodic or constant moisture condensation on samples.
1.1. Sampling
1.1.1. Conservation materials are served by testing materials that meet the requirements established by the regulatory and technical documentation for these materials.
1.2. Equipment, Materials, Reagents
1.2.1. The following equipment, materials and reagents are used for testing:
chambers with automatic (or non-automatic) control of the parameters of relative humidity and air temperature;
GOST 1050-88 and (or) copper M0, M1 or M2 according to GOST 859-2001 and (or) aluminum of the AK6 brand according to GOST 4784-97;
glass glasses according to GOST 25336-82;
organic solvents: gasoline according to GOST 1012-72 and alcohol according to GOST 18300-87;
exicitor according to GOST 25336-82;
porcelain cups according to GOST 9147-80;
thermostat or drying cabinet, providing a given temperature;
water distilled pH \u003d 5.4-6.6.
1.2.2. Requirements for camera devices with automatic adjustment of the parameters of relative humidity and air temperature, methods for creating, maintaining and regulating modes in the working volume of the camera must comply with the requirements of GOST 9.308-85.
1.2.3. When used for testing a chamber with a non-automatic regulation of relative humidity and air temperature, the ratio of the volume of the chamber and the surface area of \u200b\u200bthe metal plates must be at least 25 cm per 1 cm. To align the parameters of the mode in the chamber, air circulation should be provided at a speed of no more than 1 m / s. .
The design of the chamber should exclude the possibility of condensate on the test samples from the elements of the designs of chambers and the above-skilled samples and ensure the uniform effect on them of the corrosion medium.
When testing plastic lubricants, the use of excitators is allowed.
1.2.4. In the test chamber, a specified mode must be provided for the entire test time.
1.2.5. For tests, plates are used with the surface [(50.0x50.0) ± 0.2] mm, a thickness of 3.0-5.5 mm.
It is allowed when conducting research tests to apply the plates of other sizes and from other metals and alloys.
The test of plastic lubricants is carried out on plates, the metal brand of which is indicated in the regulatory and technical documentation for the test material.
(Modified edition, meas. N 1, 2, 4).
1.2.6. The non-parallelity of the large faces of the plates during testing plastic lubricants should not exceed 0.006 mm.
1.2.7. The surface roughness of the surface of the plates () should be within 1.25-0.65 microns according to GOST 2789-73.
1.2.8. The plate must have a hanging hole located in the middle of one side, at a distance of 5 mm from the edge.
1.2.9. Plates should be labeled (sequence number) on the surface or on tags made of non-metallic materials attached to the plate of the caprochy thread.
1.3. Preparation for testing
1.3.1. The plates are degreased by consistently with gasoline and alcohol, then dried.
It is not allowed to touch the surfaces of the surfaces prepared for tests.
1.3.2. One plate is placed in the desigator (for comparison with the tests in the evaluation of the results).
1.3.3. To apply for test plates of oils and thin-film plates, suspended on the hooks vertically, immerse themselves for 1 min to a conservative material at a temperature of 20 ° C - 25 ° C, then the plate is removed and maintained in air in suspended state during the time set by the technical documentation This conservative material, but not less than 1 hour for oils and at least 20 hours for film coatings.
1.3.4. Plastic lubricants are applied to the surface of the plates with a layer of 1 mm using a stencil or one of the methods specified in Appendix 2.
1.3.5. The plates with applied conservation materials are suspended in the chamber in a vertical position.
Plates with plastic lubricants under the designer are allowed to be positioned horizontally.
1.3.4, 1.3.5. (Modified edition, meas. N 1).
1.3.6. The distance between the plates, as well as between the plates and the walls of the chamber should be at least 50 mm.
1.3.7. The distance from the lower edges of the plates to the bottom of the camera should be at least 200 mm.
1.3.8. The number of plates (at least three) each brand of metal is set, taking into account the need for intermediate patterns of samples.
1.3.9. The desiccator pours distitized water to a height of 30-35 mm from the bottom.
On the protrusion at the bottom of the cylindrical part of the excitator is placed in a porcelain insert with holes.
Cups with plates are installed in a desiccator, which is closed with a lid and placed in a thermostat heated to the temperature of the lubricant test.
(Modified edition, meas. N 1).
1.4. Testing
1.4.1. Tests are carried out in three modes: without condensation, with periodic and constant condensation of moisture on samples.
The test of plastic lubricants is carried out by regime with constant condensation of moisture.
(Modified edition, meas. N 1).
1.4.2. Tests without condensation moisture on samples are carried out at a temperature of (40 ± 2) ° C and relative humidity 95% -100%.
1.4.3. Tests with periodic condensation of moisture on samples are conducted by cycles. Each test cycle consists of two parts.
In the first part of the cycle, the samples are exposed to an air medium with a temperature (40 ± 2) ° C and a relative humidity of 95% -100% for 7 hours.
In the second part of the cycle, the conditions for moisture condensation on samples by cooling them to a temperature below the temperature of the chamber is 5 ° C - 10 ° C or cooling samples and the camera at the same time by turning off the camera heating.
The duration of the second part of the cycle is 17 hours.
1.4.2, 1.4.3.
1.4.4. Tests for constant moisture condensation on samples are carried out at a temperature (49 ± 2) ° C and a relative humidity of 100%.
1.4.5. The beginning of the tests are considered from the moment of achieving all the parameters of the regime.
1.4.6. The duration of the tests establish regulatory and technical documentation for the conservative material or in accordance with the purpose of conducting the tests.
1.4.7. In the process of testing, inspection of the plates or remove parts of the plates at equal periods of time from the start of the test, but at least once a day to establish the appearance of the first corrosion focus.
When carrying out comparative tests, the first inspection of the samples is allowed to be carried out in view of the time set for testing the sample with a known protective ability.
1.4.8. Forced interruptions exceeding 10% of the total test time must be recorded and taken into account when evaluating the protective abilities of materials.
1.4.9. After testing from the plates, remove the lubricant with filter paper and wool, moistened with gasoline, and then washed with gasoline and inspect.
(Modified edition, meas. N 1).
1.5. Processing results
1.5.1. Corrosion destruction is considered corrosion foci on the surface of metal plates in the form of individual points, spots, threads, ulcers, as well as a change in color to copper to green, dark brown, purple, black, on aluminum - to light gray.
1.5.2. The protective ability of plastic lubricants is estimated visually during the time specified in the regulatory and technical documentation for the test material.
The lubricant is considered to be withstood the test, if on the large surfaces of the plates at a distance of at least 3 mm from the hole and the edges there are no visible to the naked eye of greenery, stains or points. If the traces of corrosion are noticed only on one plate, the test is repeated. When repeatedly detecting the traces of corrosion, at least one plate, the lubricant is considered not to be sustained.
The protective ability of oils and inhibited film-forming oil compositions is estimated on the area of \u200b\u200bcorrosion destruction for a certain time of testing and (or) in the appearance of the first minimum corrosion focus.
Corrosion products from the surface of the plates are removed according to the requirements of GOST 9.909-86.
(Modified edition, meas. N 1, 4).
1.5.3. For the minimum corrosion focus take corrosion destruction in the form:
one corrosion point with a diameter of no more than 2 mm;
two corrosion points with a diameter of less than 1 mm visible to the naked eye.
Corrosion foci on the ends of the plates and at a distance less than 3 mm from the edges are not taken into account.
1.5.4. To estimate the protective ability of conservation materials on the area of \u200b\u200bcorrosion destruction, the percentage of the area of \u200b\u200bcorrosion foci from the area of \u200b\u200bthe test plate is determined.
1.5.5. The area of \u200b\u200bcorrosion foci is determined by a visually stencil made from a transparent material (trafficking, fine organic glass, celluloid, etc.), with a mesh applied to it from a hundred equal cells. The sizes of the stencil must correspond to the dimensions of the plate [(50.0x50.0) ± 0.2] mm.
The stencil is applied to the surface of the plate and the percentage of the area of \u200b\u200bcorrosion foci obtained in each division of the stencil is produced.
(Modified edition, meas. N 2).
1.5.6. The definition of the area of \u200b\u200bcorrosion destruction on plates of other sizes is made in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9.308-85.
1.5.7. (Excluded, meas. N 4).
1.5.8. The protective ability of conservation materials can be determined by changing the color and gloss surface of the metal plate.
The determination of the degree of gloss of the surface of the metal plate is visually produced by comparing the surface of the test metal plate with a plate stored in the desiccator (clause 1.3.2).
1.5.9. The change in the gloss and color of the surface of the plate is allowed to be determined by measuring the reflectivity of the surface of the plate according to the requirements of GOST 9.308-85.
Uniform change in the color of the surface of the plate from ferrous metals to a light gray and a slight change in the color of the plate from non-ferrous metals while maintaining a metal shine is not considered corrosion destruction.
1.5.10. It is allowed to evaluate the protective ability of oils and inhibited film-forming oil compositions by mass change during testing. Assessment of protective abilities by the weight method is carried out in terms of corrosion () in g / m calculated by the formula
where is the change in the mass of the plate, r;
- Plate surface area, m.
(Modified edition, meas. N 4).
1.5.11. The protective ability of conservation materials is estimated by the average arithmetic result of the values \u200b\u200bdefined on parallel tested plates.
The discrepancy of test results on individual plates should not exceed 20%.
2. Method 2
The essence of the method is to withstand conservation materials (except for working and conservation oils), applied to metal plates, in an atmosphere of elevated values \u200b\u200bof temperature and relative humidity when exposed to sulfur arhydride with periodic condensation of moisture on samples.
2.1. Sampling - according to claim 1.1.
2.2. Equipment, materials, reagents - according to claim 1.2.
Camera for testing organic glass or other corrosion-resistant material equipped with equipment that provides a constant concentration of sulfur anhydride in the chamber and concentration control over the test time;
anhydride sulfur liquid technical software according to GOST 2918-79.
2.3. Preparation for testing - according to claim 1.3, except for clause 1.3.4.
(Modified edition, meas. N 1).
2.4. Testing
2.4.1. Tests are conducted by cycles.
Each test cycle consists of two parts:
in the first part of the cycle, the samples are exposed to sulfur anhydride at a concentration of 0.015% of volumetric at temperatures (40 ± 2) ° C and the relative humidity of 95-100% for 7 hours;
in the second part of the cycle, the conditions of moisture condensation on samples according to claim 1.4.3. The duration of the second part of the cycle is 17 h.
(Modified edition, meas. N 2).
2.4.2. The supply of sulfuric anhydride into the chamber and the control of its content is carried out according to GOST 9.308-85. It is allowed to use other ways to feed sulfur anhydride and other ways to control its content in the chamber that ensure that the specified mode is maintained.
2.4.3. Further order Tests complies with PP.1.4.5-1.4.8.
2.5. Processing results - according to claim 1.5.
3. Method 3.
The essence of the method is to withstand the conservation materials applied to metal plates, in the atmosphere of the salt fog.
3.1. Sampling - according to claim 1.1.
3.2. Equipment, materials, reagents - according to claim 1.2.
Sodium chloride according to GOST 4233-77.
3.3. Preparation for testing - according to claim 1.3, except for clause 1.3.4.
When conducting research tests of plastic lubricants, the latter is applied to the surface of the plates layer (0.030 ± 0.005) mm in one of the methods specified in Appendix 2.
(Modified edition, meas. N 1).
3.4. Testing
3.4.1. In the chamber, the temperature is set (35 ± 2) ° C and create an atmosphere of a hydrochloric fog with a 5% sodium chloride solution.
3.4.2. The dispersion and water content of salt fog controls according to GOST 15151-69.
3.4.3. The further procedure for testing complies with PP.1.4.5-1.4.8.
3.5. Tests are allowed to be carried out by the method set forth in Appendix 3.
3.6. Processing results - according to claim 1.5.
4. Method 4.
The essence of the method is to withstand conservation materials applied to metal plates in the electrolyte solution.
4.1. Sampling - according to claim 1.1.
4.2. Equipment, materials, reagents:
metal plates according to claims 1.2.1, 1.2.5-1.2.9;
glass glasses according to GOST 25336-82;
magnesium chloride according to GOST 4209-77;
calcium chloride according to TU 6-09-5077-87; TU 6-09-4711-81;
sodium sulphate according to GOST 4166-76, GOST 4171-76;
sodium chloride according to GOST 4233-77;
sodium carbonate according to GOST 83-79, GOST 84-76;
(Modified edition, meas. N 4).
4.3. Preparation for testing
4.3.1. Metal plates are prepared according to PP.1.3.1-1.3.3.
4.3.2. Prepare electrolyte (salts solution in distilled water), the recipe of which is given in Table 1.
Table 1
Name of salts | Concentration, g / l (based on dry matter) |
Magnesium chloride | |
Calcium chloride | |
Sodium sulk acid | |
Sodium chloride |
4.3.1, 4.3.2. (Modified edition, meas. N 4).
4.3.3. A 25% sodium carbon dioxide solution is prepared in distilled water.
4.3.4. The electrolyte pH is set in the range of 8.0-8.2 by adding a solution of sodium carbon dioxide prepared by claim 4.3.3.
4.4. Testing
4.4.1. The plates with the conservation materials applied to them are immersed in an electrolyte solution, which is kept at room temperature over the time set by the regulatory and technical documentation for the conservation material, but not less than 20 hours.
Plates from different metals immerse the electrolyte simultaneously not allowed.
4.4.2. The electrolyte level in the glass should be 10-15 mm above the top edge of the plates. The distance from the lower edges of the plates to the bottom of the glass glass should be at least 10-15 mm.
(Modified edition, meas. N 4).
4.4.3. After testing, the plates are wiping, washed with OPGanic solvents and inspect.
4.5. Processing results - according to claim 1.5.
5. Method 5.
The essence of the method is to determine the ability of oils to exhibit bromide hydrochloric acid from the surface of the metal plate.
5.1. Sampling - according to claim 1.1.
5.2. Equipment, materials, reagents:
metal plates made of steel grade 10 according to GOST 1050-88;
bromilic acid acid according to GOST 2062-77;
glass glasses according to GOST 25336-82.
(Modified edition, meas. N 4).
5.3. Preparation for testing
5.3.1. Metal plates prepare according to claim 1.3.1.
5.3.2. Prepare 0.1% solution of bromide hydrochloric acid.
5.4. Testing
5.4.1. The glass glass poured at least 200 cm of the test conservation material, in another glass - a solution of bromide hydrochloric acid.
5.4.2. The plate is immersed by no more than 1 C into a solution of bromide hydrochloric acid, then removed from the solution and 12 times for 1 min are immersed in the test oil at room temperature.
5.4.3. The plates are suspended and maintained in air at room temperature for 4 hours, then washed with organic solvents and inspect.
5.5. Processing results - according to claim 1.5.
6. Method 6.
The essence of the method is to withstand the conservation and working and conservation oils applied to steel plates, which are in contact with copper, in conditions of elevated temperatures and relative humidity with the continuous condensation of moisture in the first part of the cycle.
6.1. Sampling - according to claim 1.1.
6.2. Equipment, materials, reagents:
humidity chamber or any thermostat that ensures heating temperature (50 ± 1) ° C and relative air humidity 95% -100%;
ultractor of any type, providing the temperature of distilled water (30 ± 1) ° C;
scales analytical according to GOST 24104-2001;
cells Glass (see Damn 1 Annex 4), equipped with discharges for connecting to an ultratertate;
thermometer TZK-3P according to GOST 9871-75;
thermometer TL-21-B2 for TU 25-2021.003-88;
rubber tubes with an inner diameter of 6-8 mm;
metal plates made of steel 10 according to GOST 1050-88, with a diameter (22.00 ± 0.52) mm and a thickness of (4.0 ± 0.3) mm. Plates should have in the center of the hole with a diameter of 3 mm and thread M3;
copper plates M0, M1 or M2 according to GOST 859-78 *, diameter (7.00 ± 0.36) mm and thickness (4.00 ± 0.30) mm;
_________________
* In the territory Russian Federation GOST 859-2001 is valid. - Note "Code".
paper filter according to GOST 12026-76;
grinding skin on a fabric or paper basis of any type according to GOST 5009-82 or GOST 6456-82;
water distilled pH \u003d 5.4-6.6;
hydrochloric acid according to GOST 3118-77, 20% solution;
inhibitor BA-6 or PB-5 according to regulatory and technical documentation;
solvents according to claim 1.2.1.
(Modified edition, meas. N 3, 4).
6.3. Preparation for the test
6.3.1. Steel plates are treated with grinding sand from all sides to roughness from 1.25 to 0.65 microns according to GOST 2789-73, then washed with gasoline, alcohol, dried between filter paper sheets and determine the mass with an error of not more than 0.0002.
6.3.2. After weighing, the steel plates are washed with gasoline, alcohol, dried between filter paper sheets, suspended on glass hooks and immersed for 1 min to the test oil at the room temperature, then kept in air for 1 hour.
Copper plates are not covered with conservation material.
6.3.3. Collect the device according to the schematic diagram (see Damn.2 of Annex 4).
6.3.4. The outer part of the glass cells is washed with gasoline, alcohol and installed in a humidity chamber.
Glass cell tubes with rubber hoses are connected to a ultraconomostate filled with distilled water to cool the glass cell.
6.4. Testing
6.4.1. Prepared metal plates (p.6.3) are placed on the horizontal surface of the glass cell (Chert.2 of Annex 4).
6.4.2. After installing metal plates, include an ultramostat and humidity chamber.
6.4.3. The start time of testing is counted from the moment of reaching the temperature of the steam-air space in the humidity chamber (50 ± 1) ° C, the water temperature in the ultraceostate (30 ± 1) ° C.
6.4.4. Tests are conducted by cycles. Each cycle consists of two parts: 7 hours of tests on a specified mode and 17 hours with a mucidity and ultramostate disconnected.
6.4.5. The duration of the tests is set in regulatory and technical documentation for oil or in accordance with the purpose of testing.
6.4.6. At the end of the test, the plates are removed and washed in gasoline. Corrosion products from the surface of steel plates are removed by a 20% hydrochloric acid, immersing 5 min into a solution, while corrosion products from the surface of the plates are removed with a rigid brush or brush, then washed from the acid under the jet of tap water, distilled water, alcohol, dried between sheets of filter paper and determine the mass with an error of not more than 0.0002
6.5. Processing results
6.5.1. The assessment of the protective ability of oil is carried out by changing the mass of steel plates according to formula § 1.5.10.
6.5.2. For the result of the test, the average-brimetic results of two parallel definitions take.
6.6. Method accuracy
6.6.1. Convergence
The two results of the definitions obtained by one by one performer are recognized as reliable (with a 95% trust probability) if the discrepancy between them does not exceed the meaning specified in Table 2.
(Modified edition, meas. N 3).
6.6.2. Reproducibility
Two test results obtained in two different laboratories are recognized as reliable (with a 95% trust probability) if the discrepancy between them does not exceed the value given in Table 2.
table 2
Changing the mass of steel plates per unit area | Convergence | Reproducibility |
Up to 2 on. | ||
St. 2 to 5 | ||
16% of the Middle Industrial |
||
(Modified edition, meas. N 3, 4).
Appendix 1. Selection of test methods
ATTACHMENT 1
Terms of placement of products | Test methods for this standard |
|
On an open area, under a canopy and in a closed unheated room | Conditional | 1st with periodic and constant moisture condensation, 5 * and 6th ** |
Industrial | 1st with periodic and constant moisture condensation, 2, 5 * and 6th ** |
|
Marine | 1st with periodic and constant moisture condensation, 2, 3, 4, 5 * and 6th ** |
|
Indoors with adjustable parameters | Conditional, industrial, sea | 1st without moisture condensation |
_______________
* Method 5 is used only when evaluating the protective ability of oils.
** Method 6 is used to test the conservation and working and conservation oils in the conditions of contact of heterogeneous metals.
Appendix 1. (Modified edition, meas. N 2, 3).
Appendix 2 (recommended). Methods for applying plastic lubricants on the surface of the plate
Methods for applying plastic lubricants on the surface of the plates
Plastic lubricants are applied to metal plates in three ways:
1. Application of lubricant by rubbing
1.1. The lubricant is applied on one side of the plate surface manually with the subsequent rubbing of the plate about the plate.
1.2. The thickness of the lubrication layer is controlled by weighing on analytical scales with an error of no more than ± 0.0002 g. The thickness () of the lubrication layer, mm, is calculated by the formula
where - the mass of the plate with lubrication, r;
- mass of pure plates, r;
- surface area of \u200b\u200bthe plate, cm;
0.9 - average lubrication density, g / cm.
For lubricants with significantly excellent (more than 0.2 g / cm), the density value in the formula is substituted with a true density value.
1.3. The other side of the plate and side surfaces protect paint and varnish coating or the same lubricant.
2. Application of lubricant using a knife device
2.1. To apply a layer of lubrication on a metal plate, a device is used (see the drawing), which consists of a housing 1, on the working surface of which there is a square cutout [(50.0x50.0) ± 0.2] mm, passing into cylindrical; Mobile platform 2, made in conjunction with the driving screw feeding nut 10, leading to the translational movement of the kneading screw with the platform; a knife 5 moving along the table on the guide 6; lamellar springs 9, which pressed each other's surface and knives to each other; Indicator 7, providing measuring the movements of the platform and the thickness of the lubricant layer 4 with an error of no more than ± 0.002 mm; metal plate 3 on which lubricant is applied; Bracket 8 to secure the indicator.
2.2. Preparation of the device
The indicator rod is displayed in the extreme top position. The center of the indicator needle is combined with the center of the movable platform. The stem position is fixed with a latch strengthened on the bracket. Then remove the knife, washed with a gasoline, a spiritobenzene mixture and rubbed a lounge cotton fabric. The movable platform of the device is displayed in the extremely lower position. The walls of the cutter and the rollingstone are wiping in successively cotton fabric, moistened with gasoline, a spirit-beanzene mixture and dry-cotton fabric; After that, the platform is raised to the table.
2.3. Application of lubricant on a metal plate
The metal plate prepared according to claim 1.3.1 of this standard, is put on the rollingstone. Rotating the feed nut, lower the platform with the plate so that its surface is below the table surface of the device. Insert the knife with a spoke from ourselves and fill it under the line of the indicator. The rod is released from the latch, lowered the knife to touch the upper face and slowly raise the rollingstone with a plate. As soon as the arrow of the indicator turns, stop the rise of the platform with the plate, raise the stock of the indicator and move the knife to the extreme position. Then lower the indicator rod to contact with the plate. The indicator of the indicator arrows is taken for zero. After that, the moving pad is slowly lowered. The plate stop lowering at the moment when the arrow of the indicator will reach the division corresponding to the required thickness of the lubricant layer. After that, the strut of the indicator is raised to the extreme top position. The plate is applied with some excess lubricant, following the air and extraneous inclusions in it. Excess lubricant is cut by moving the knife of the device to itself and on itself until the lubrication surface alignment.
When making emptiness and jackets on the surface of the lubrication, re-apply lubricant to the places of scaling, and the voids are pierced and filled with lubrication, after which they are cut off with a knife of excess lubrication.
After the lubricant is applied to the plate, lift the platform and remove the plate.
(Modified edition, meas. N 4).
2.4. The unprotected surface of the plate and side faces are protected from corrosion according to claim 1.3.
3. Application of lubricant immersion
The method is used to apply hydrocarbon lubricants.
Lubrication is heated to a temperature of 20-25 ° C above the melting point, but not lower than 100 ° C. Plates hanging on the hooks are immersed in molten lubricant and withstand at least 5 minutes.
The thickness of the lubrication layer is adjusted by changing the heating temperature of the lubricant, the plate exposure time in the melt and the speed of its extraction from the melt.
Control of the thickness of the lubrication layer is produced according to claim 1.2.
Appendix 3 (Reference). Test method when exposed to salt fog
Appendix 3.
Reference
Test method when exposed to salt fog
1. Selection of samples for testing, their preparation, test mode, water control, dispersion, result processing are produced in accordance with the requirements of this standard.
2. Equipment
For testing, a chamber of organic glass or other corrosion-resistant material is used. Camera size 510x500x760 mm.
The chamber should have in the side wall a hermetically closing door with a size of 200x320 mm, and in the upper wall - two holes with a diameter of 6-7 mm for air output.
At a distance of 20 mm from the bottom of the chamber, there is a heater (a spiral of nichrome wire, concluded in the tube from quartz or heat-resistant glass). The camera must be equipped with a thermostat for automatic heating control.
In the center of the bottom of the camera, a spray gun is installed, to which the compressed air is supplied.
At a distance of 80-100 mm from the sprayer, the screen plate is fixed with an organic glass plate with a size of 200x250 mm to prevent splashes from entering the plate with applied conservation materials.
3. Preparation for testing
The bottom of the chamber is poured a salt solution to a level of 70-80 mm and maintain it constant by periodic addition; Set the specified temperature and include compressed air supply. Air flow is installed within 12-15 dm / min.
Appendix 4 (mandatory). Equipment for method 6
Appendix 4.
Mandatory
Chert.1. Glass Cell
Glass Cell
1 - a tanning tube; 2 - horizontal surface of a glass cell
Damn. Schematic diagram for testing
Schematic scheme Test Device
1 - humidity chamber; 2 - ultraconomostat; 3 - mercury glass
laboratory thermometers; 4 - contact thermometers; 5 - rubber hoses;
6 - glass cell; 7 - Copper plate; 8 - Steel Plate
Appendix 4. (Entered additionally, meas. N 3).
The text of the document is drilled by:
official edition
Lubricants, industrial
oils and related products.
Analysis methods: Sat. standards. -
M.: Standinform, 2006
Types of lubricants, ^ Difference from the methods of reduced concrete clutch with the surface of the forms is the use of various lubricants. Properly selected and well-applied lubricant ensures easy release of the product and contributes to the receipt of smooth and smooth its surface. 1
Lubrication for forms should satisfy the following conditions:
According to the consistency, it must be suitable for applying a spray or brush to cold or heated to 40 ° C;
By the time of the removal of products from forms, lubricant should turn into a layer that does not cause adhesion with the surface of forms, for example, powdered or type of film, easily destroyed during platform;
Not to have harmful effects on concrete, do not lead to the formation of stains and flutters on the front surface of the product, do not cause corrosion of the working surface of the form;
Do not create unsanitary conditions in the workshops and be safe in fire;
The lubricant should be simple according to the cooking technology and allowing the mechanization process of application.
The lubricant should be applied to the surface carefully purified from concrete; On a concrete film, on the surface with dents, scratches, it cannot give positive results.
Lubricants used at the enterprises of the precast concrete can be distributed into three main groups: 1) aqueous and water and oil suspensions, 2) Water and oil and water-mosine emulsions, 3) Machine oils, petroleum products and mixtures of them.;
Suspensions, or aqueous solutions of fine mineral substances, are used on factories, mainly in the absence of other lubricants. These include limestrone, chalk, clay, sludge (waste during grinding of mosaic products) and others. These lubricants are easy to prepare and have a low cost. The disadvantage of them is an easy way - the variability of water, which contributes to the disruption of the lubricant in concreting; The strength of the films formed by suspension lubricants is quite high, and it makes it difficult to break up the form and cleaning of forms and products.
Lime and chalk lubricants are used for wooden surfaces, lime-clay gives relatively nice results on concrete surfaces.
Water distribution was watered by water-cement and oil lubricant, a distinctive feature Which is its resistance during the laying of concrete and turning into a powdered layer, easily schedral when removing the product. A number of plants are fully mechanized preparation, transportation and application of this lubricant.
Emulsion lubricants have many different compositions, allow the possibility of integrated mechanization of their preparation and application to forms, surpassing many other lubricants in this regard. The most convenient for production conditions water-oil emulsions; They do not cause workers irritation of the skin and mucous membranes, do not flammable.
In a number of factories, the water emulsion of transmission autotractor oil and the sodium salt of naphthenic acid (soylonfta) are successfully used, instead of which co-solid waste, soap industry waste or soap can be used as an emulsifying and stabilizing component. Transmission autotractor oil (nigrol) can be replaced by autotractor oil (auto) with an increase in its amount in the lubricant in 1.2-1.5 times.
Water-soap-oil emulsion lubricants fully justify themselves in the conditions of vertical molding of products (in cassette installations); They can be applied to hot metal surfaces having a temperature of up to 100 ° C. These lubricants do not leave on the walls of the forms of the prigar and easily cleaned. Internal angles And the edges of the forms that are difficult to apply emulsion, should be lubricated with solidol, molten paraffin or automotive oil.
The lubricant from coapstock (soaps of soap production) with water gives a relatively large adhesion of concrete with the surface of the form, so it should be used only for. horizontal pallets. It is applied on the surface in the hot. Since the use of this lubricant causes a metal rust, it is necessary to lubricate forms with machine oil a month.
Machine oils, kerosene, Peter o l and TU M and mixtures of them make up an independent group of lubricants. The most common oils are solarium, spindle, autol and spent, as well as mixtures of these oils with kerosene in the weight ratio of 1: 1.
Lubrication of solar oil, saltol and ash (by weight 1: 0.5: 1,3) is widely used. It provides unhindered palampization and is prepared by mixing liquid solidol and solar oil at a temperature of 60 ° C, followed by adding the ash of CHP or lime-puffs. During the steaming of the products, the solar oil almost completely disappears and the powder layer remains between the concrete and the form, it is easily sour cream from the surface of the shapes and products.
Good results gives lubricant from solar oil, solidol and autolant (1: 1: 1), stearino-kerosene (1: 3), paraffi - but-kerosene (1: 3), etc. However, the use of these lubricants is limited by the deficiency of materials.
Petrolatuminous-kerosene lubrication consists of deficienate cheap materials, it gives a small adhesion of concrete with the surface of the shape, does not leave stains on the surface of the concrete, it does not resolve sat storage; It can be used when low temperatures (on open polygons).
The disadvantage of petrolatuminous lubrication, as well as nigrol lubricants dissolved in solar oil or kerosene, is the harmful effect of them onto the skin, the possibility of irritation of the mucous membrane of the mouth and nose with a careless handling with lubrication. Experience in the largest factories showed that the device of the exhaust caps above the machine lubrication machines completely eliminates the harmful effects of these lubricants.
At the factories of the precast concrete, emulsion lubricants are widely used, the cost of which does not exceed 10 Rub / t. If, for example, in the production of products in cassette forms, take the cost of solidolo-solar lubricant per 100%, the cost of petrolatuminous-solar lubrication will be 54%, nigrol-soapy - only 18-31%. This is explained by a relatively low cost of components of emulsion lubrication and the ability to less frequent prophylactic cleaning of molding surfaces. The compositions of the recommended lubricants are shown in Table. 6. The lubrication consumption affects a number of factors: lubricant consistency, design and type of forms (horizontal, vertical), the method of application, lubricant (manual, mechanical) and the quality of the forms.
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Cooking And applying lubricants.A highly effective way to prepare water-oil emulsions is a hydrodynamic transducer, the so-called "liquid whistle", in which the acoustic waves of the ultrasonic range are created due to oscillations of the metal plate. The resulting pressure and the rapid movements of the particles of the fluid make it possible to obtain different emulsions, i.e., mixed with each other under normal conditions, for example, gasoline with water, water with water, etc.
Ultrasonic Leningradlasting type emulsifier, working on a number of plants for. Preparation of lubricating emulsions, has a capacity of 100-120 L / C. (Fig. 41). For the preparation of emulsions, a hydrodynamic converter is used, consisting of a nozzle and fixed in front of it in four points of the plate. When pumping fluid through the nozzle in the plate, oscillations are excited. The rate of expiration of liquids and the distance between the nozzle and the plate are selected so as to obtain the resonance of the plate oscillations; The frequency of the oscillations of the plate increases to 18-22 thousand. Hz, And from a mixture of liquids, a persistent emulsion is obtained.
In the mixing tank, the components are loaded - water, oil and soap solution - in the appropriate proportion with a total volume of 50 L. Then includes the pump, and the mixture circulates
Cut the whistle nozzle, in the zone of which is intensive mixing of the components. The mixing cycle lasts 10-15 Min; During this time, the entire volume of fluid 3-5 times passes through the whistle. The finished emulsion is supplied to the installation pump in the collection tank, from which under pressure / 2 Z.
3-4 Atm Served by pump to sprayers.
The stability of such an emulsion lubricant at room temperature is about 3 days.
For the preparation of lubricants from homogeneous products, for example solutions machine oil In kerosene, apply paddle stirrers. Components, which are thick or solid mass, for example, PET-ROLATUM, it is necessary to warm up. Petrole - Tum in a tank or bath with a steam shirt heats up to a drip-liquid state (at a temperature of 60-80 ° C), then kerosene flows into it with slight stirring. Lubrication can be stored for a long time, as it does not settle.
Soapstock when heated to 90 ° is completely dissolved in water. Lime, chalk and other suspensions are prepared in conventional blade solesmascular or drive peeling; Prolonged storage of them is impossible, as they are quite quickly smelling.
The preparation of emulsion lubrication is carried out centrally by the diagram shown in Fig. 42.
Application of lubrication to the surface with a flush with a nozzle is made with compressed air or nozzles in which the spraying of lubricant is achieved by the centrifugal force.
However, applying rods for applying lubrication in close or narrow places is difficult, for example, at the bottom of the cassette forms, on curvilinear surfaces, etc. In these cases, special mechanisms are used.
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The mechanism for lubricating the molding surfaces of cassette installations is a power trolley moving along the rails at the level of the form of forms. The trolley is a mobile carriage with a comb perforated pipe. Treatment of one molding cavity is produced in two receptions when the comb is moving from top to bottom and, after the horizontal carriage displacement, from the bottom up.
When applying lubricants with sprayers, smaller losses are allowed to use more viscous lubrication. Verti - rigorous forms require more lubrication consumption than horizontal, as part of the lubrication flows, especially with heated surfaces. Manual application of lubricant with a brush increases its flow, since the lubricant is applied by a layer of excessive thickness (more than 0.2-0.3 Mm) What, in addition, worsens the quality of products. The presence of chosel, deep dents and skews of forms lead to the accumulation of excessive lubrication in them, besides, stains are formed on the surface of the products.
Any mechanisms sooner or later require replacement lubricants. You will be quite simple to apply lubricant into a hard-to-reach place if you use a simple advice and an uncomplicated device.
How to apply lubricant to hard-to-reach places:
"Do not spoil the porridge oil," so exactly and lubricants do not happen much, but at the same time, when Litol climbs from all the cracks, it is also not good. Get the Golden Mid is possible with the help of a simple council. There were those times when oil, glue or lubrication were applied with a screwdriver or tassel. The dosage of lubricant is easy to produce with an ordinary syringe.
An example of lubricant It is quite difficult to apply a frozen lubricant type of lithol, cyatima, or ordinary silicone sealant in miniature parts, product gaps. But you will help you significantly simplify such a task for a simple council. Try to apply lubricant or silicone with an ordinary syringe. I recommend immediately breaking or bend the needle from the syringe - this will serve as a lid, so that the remnants of the lubricant do not get out.
Disassembled syringe Extract the piston from the syringe, and you dial there with the help of dumping lubricant (I lithol 24 snapped there).
Syringe with lubricant Well, in fact, that's all the trick, but such an organization will help you not blocked with lubricant. You can evenly and dose to apply lubricant even in the most hard-to-reach places. You can buy a syringe with a thick needle and even more accurately get into the revenge of friction, or attach the dropper and also get there where it is necessary.
Technological lubricants directly during rolling process by filing to the focus of deformation between the strip and rolls are applied at mandatory when cold rolling sheets. However, recently, technological lubricants are becoming more widely used in the process. hot rolling Sheet metal mainly on shchgp. Their use allows to increase the efficiency of the production of rolled products, reduce energy consumption and wear of rolls, reduce the force on the rolls, reduce the temperature of the working rolls, reduce the magnitude of the friction coefficient, reduce the number of defects, reduce the scale, improve the quality of the strip surface, and improve the performance of the mill and improve quality Rental.
At the same time, with hot rolling there are adverse conditions for the formation and retention of a uniform lubricant layer on a roll or strip.
The first problem is that water that is used to cool the rolls, not only flushes the oil from the surface of the roll, but also worsens the oil adhesion to the metal surface. Also, in the focus of deformation, the lubricant is under the action of high pressure and temperature, which lead to the decomposition of lubricant. However, its burning in the focus of deformation does not occur due to the small (hundredths of a second) of the time of finding the deformation focus.
Due to the presence of such extreme conditions, the following requirements are imposed on lubrication:
- lubrication should ensure an effective reduction in the force of friction and wear of the rolls;
- do not wash off from the rolls and not squeeze out of the focus of deformation, forming a uniform film;
- do not cause corrosion of equipment and rolled metal;
- be affordable, cheap and deficient;
- meet sanitation and hygiene requirements;
- be technological from the point of view of filing to the focus of deformation;
- it is easy to remove from the surface of the finished rental after cooling.
The basic effect of the use of technological lubricants is to reduce the strength of rolling, which in turn affects the reduction of electricity consumption for rolling
(Table 3).
Table 3 Electricity consumption when rolling sheets with lubricant and without TLS 2300 of the Donetsk Metallurgical Plant Thus, the specific consumption of electricity consumed on rolling using lubricant in the pure cage of the thickness mill 2300 decreased by 5.3 ... 12.5%.
In general, the advantages of using hot rolling lubricants are as follows:
- increasing the resistance of rolls by 50 ... 70%, due to which the time loss on the roll transshipment is reduced and the capacity is increased by 1.5 ... 2%;
- reducing the rolling force by 10 ... 20%, due to which electricity saving is ensured by 6 ... 10%, the deflection of rolls decreases and the accuracy of rolling increases;
- reducing heat transfer from rolled to rolls, due to which the peak value of the surface temperature of the roll is reduced by 50 ... 100 ºС, the level of thermal stresses in the roll is reduced and its durability increases, and also decreases heat loss with rolled;
- more "soft" working conditions of the rolls contribute to the decrease in the number of rolls, which are written off due to the surface of the surface, several times;
- the quality of the surface of the sheets is improved due to the purity of the surface of the roll;
- the phase composition of the scale changes - its hardness is reduced, which makes it easier to remove it. The amount of scale decreases at 1.5 ... 2 times.
Types of hot rolling lubricants
Lubricants that are used with hot rolling along the aggregate state can be divided into: solid, plastic (consistent) and liquid. In terms of origin, lubricants based on the use of inorganic (graphite, talc, etc.), organic (mineral oils, fats, etc.) of materials, and synthetic lubricants (for example, the use of polymers soluble in water) are distinguished. In fig. 23 Presented a classification of technological lubricants used by hot rolling.
Fig. 23. Classification of technological lubricants for hot rolling steel Solid lubricants Basically manufactured based on graphite in the form of briquettes. The lubricant layer is applied to the roller by pressing the briquette to the surface of the rotating roll.
However, the structural difficulties of fastening briquettes and the complexity of fine dosing did not allow these lubricants to get widespread use.
Technological lubricants based liquid glass are applied to the surface of the strip. However, despite its high efficiency, they did not find wide use on the mills due to the difficulty of uniform application on the entire surface of the strip and removal of a glass film from the surface of the finished rolled steel. Also, such lubricants adversely affect the working conditions of the staff.
Consystem and pasty lubricants It is also very effective, but due to the difficulties of the fine dosage, they also did not find wide industrial applications. Salt lubricants are used in the form of aqueous solutions that can be applied to the workpiece until it is heated into the furnace. However, such lubricants cause increased corrosion of the deformable metal and equipment.
The most rational, as the research results and experience in the use of lubricants on industrial launches are liquid technological lubricantswhich can be used in pure form, in the form of emulsions, water-oil mixtures, in the form of a solution in each other, melt, etc. The characteristics of the liquid lubricants are presented in Table 4.
Table 4.
As a technological lubricant with hot rolling, complex mixtures of the following compositions are proposed: a mixture mineral Oil With vegetable mineral with castor and additives of paraffin, polyoxythylenersolbutane, lubricants based on fats and other mixtures. To increase the efficiency of lubrication as special additives, fats and fatty acids can be used. The characteristic of some oils that can be used as a technological lubricant for hot rolling is shown in Table 5.
Table 5. Characteristics of oils that can be used in
quality of technological lubricant for hot rolling
Methods for applying lubricants
Lubrication can be applied both on the strip and on the rolling rolls. When applied to the strip, the lubricant must be non-combustible (salts, silicate melts), it is applied or before the rolling cage or on the billet before heating in the furnace, however, as already mentioned, these methods have not found wide use.
Therefore, the main way is the method of applying lubrication to rolling rolls. Exist various methods Feeding technological lubricants on the rolls:
- Entering together with coolant through cooling collectors;
- Splashing with nozzles;
- Application of contact devices;
- Spraying with air or steam.
The choice of method depends on the specific conditions of application: the type of mill, temperature of rolling, rolling metal, rolling speed. Consider the above methods.
Entering lubricant together with coolant through cooling collectors
By this method, lubricant is entered into the pipeline of the cooling system immediately before the water supply collector for rolling rolls. Such a system is quite simple, however, when it is used, there are certain difficulties with ensuring accurate dosage of lubricant and the formation of a uniform lubricant film.
Consider as an example supply of lubrication on the rollers of the varietal mill (Fig. 24). On the varietal hot rolling mill, the rolls are cooled with water supplied by the pump through the pipeline through the cooling collectors directly into the caliber.
Fig. 24. Technological lubrication system when preparing a mixture in collectors: 1 - Cooling water supply pump; 2 - pipeline; 3 - oil supply pump; 4-ticket oil supply; 5 - valve; 6 - Cooling reservoirs; 7 - Rolling rolls; 8 - Rascat The lubricant in the form of a mixture of mineral oil with fat additives is served by a pipe in the pipeline to the water supply line, where it is influenced by turbulence, mixed with water, and the resulting water-oil mixture from the collectors enters the roller gauges. In the absence of roller in the cables, the lubricant is stopped by the valve triggering, the presence of rollers in the rolls is controlled using special sensors.
Splashing with nozzles
To implement this method, installing nozzles for supplying lubricating fluid on working rolls in the rolling tilt space. Schemes of autonomous supply of lubrication on the rolls of four-tag cells of continuous broadband mills are shown in Fig. 25. When using this method, the lubricant is pre-prepared in a special tank, and then fed to rolls. In many cases, it includes the supply of lubrication on the support rolls, while the number of nozzles for supplying the lubricant to the lower rolls is greater than on the top.
Fig. 25. Schemes for supplying technological lubrication on the rolls: A - Stan 1725 in Pittsburgh (USA), B - Stan in Equarent (England), V - Stan 1725 Firms "Sharon Styl" (England), Mr. 1525 Firms "Sharon Styl" (England), d - Feed lubricant to the focus of deformation, e - combined lubricant method (autonomously to the upper support roller and together with cooling water to the bottom working roller), g - feeding lubrication with one-sided cooling of the rolls
In fig. 26 shows a lubricant system on Siemens workers.
Fig. 26. Device for applying lubricant on working rolls (a), the design of the nozzles (b) and the location of the device in the working cage (B): 1 - water pipelines and lubrication, 2 - nozzles, 3 - sealing tape The main nozzles for spraying lubrication are installed from the working side of the rolls, and on the output side, nozzles are installed for cooling rolls. The preparation of the water-oil mixture is performed directly in the nozzle itself, and the uniform distribution of the mixture over the surface of the roll is provided by a sealing tape.
Fig. 27. Feed lubricant to the caliber of the grade of the variety The use of nozzles is possible in varietal mills. In this case, the nozzles are installed so that the lubrication immediately falls directly into the caliber (Fig. 27).
Application with contact devices
By this method, lubricant is applied with the help of contact devices that are pressed to the roll. The contacting element, which is a metal or textolite box filled with lubricant, is supplied around the perimeter with an elastic wear-resistant material, which presses the water from the roll and holds the lubricant in the device. It is also possible to apply lubricant with a porous material, or by pressing briquettes. The method allows the use of lubricant, both in solid and in a pasty or liquid state.
System for applying lubricant with contact method includes 2 subsystems:
- subsystems for storing and cooking lubrication;
- lubrication subsystem for rolls of working cage.
The first subsystem includes tanks for storing a concentrated liquid lubricant, the tank for the preparation of the mixture of the required concentration and temperature. The second subsystem consists of pumps, filters, shut-off and regulating reinforcement, highways for transporting lubricants and devices for applying lubrication to rolls.
The diagram of the device for contacting the lubricant on the rolls of four-tag crates, SCHP is presented in Fig. 28.
Fig. 28. System for supplying lubricant to rolls in contact method: 1 - tank; 2 - drain nozzle; 3 - shut-off valve; 4 - filter; 5 - pump; 6 - pressure gauge; 7 - valve; 8 - control unit; 9 - the sensor for the presence of a strip in the crate; 10 - strip; 11 - rolls; 12 - Contact device for applying lubricant The contact device is a textolite box that is sealed along the contour felt and the open side pressed to the rolls. The water-oil mixture (oil concentration 6 ... 8%) is prepared in a tank of 9 m 3 by purging with steam and air for 20 minutes. The mixture is heated to 50 ... 60 ° C. Lubrication is fed only at the moment when the strip is in the crate, which is controlled by the sensor. The system has two contours, the first is used for mixing the mixture, the second to supply the mixture to the rolls.
Air spraying or ferry
This method provides for the creation of the so-called oil mist inside the working space of the rolling cage. The oil comes into the suction chamber of the ejector, where it is mixed with the working medium and in the form of an oil fog goes to contact deviceswhere sprayed on the surface of the rolls.
Despite all the advantages in terms of lubrication efficiency, this method has a number of significant drawbacks. First, it is necessary to use sufficiently complex equipment and completely isolate the working space of the crate. Secondly, the oil fog creates unsafe conditions for the health of workers' mills.
13.1. Cleaning forms.
13.2. Lubrication forms.
13.3. Types of lubricants.
13.4. Methods for applying lubrication.
The deadlines for the forms depends not only on the reliability of their design, but also from the care of them during operation.
Primary requirements properly operation We reduce to careful cleaning of forms released from products, to the use of good lubrication facilitating the extraction of finished products, as well as to the rational organization of the current and preventive planned repairs of the forms.
13.1. Cleaning forms.
When molding products on a metal form or pallet after the platform, small pieces of concrete remain, the surfaces are covered with cement film, lubrication residues, etc. If the form is not cleaned, it is formed by a layer of hardened concrete, which worsens the quality of products and makes them difficult to break.
Therefore, the forms after each molding cycle are cleaned using various devices for this.
Machines with abrasive circles:
Apply only for periodic cleaning forms (1 time in 2 - 3 months). At the same time, the surface surfaces must be smooth.
With frequent use of such machines, the surfaces are cleaned quickly wear out.
Metal soft brushes:
Such machines are effective only on unpaid pallets for cleaning them after each rinsing cycle. The use of rigid brushes is not desirable, because Scratch the surface of the metal, which increases the adhesion of concrete with the pallet.
Machines with inertial cutter:
The cutter has 6 fingers, on which metal rings are sworn freely. When rotating, the rings are rotated along the purified surface of the pallet and the captured cement remained on it on it.
The form is cleaned by two schemes:
1) The machine moves above the form (the form is not moving)
2) The form moves under the machine.
Fig. 70. Inertial cutter
View A (from above)
Fig. 71. Block of inertial cutters: 1 - inertial milling cutter
Block of inertial cutters - 1 - are located in a checker order.
After processing the pallet in the inertial cutter, all residues, separated particles sweep the surface with metal brushes.
Chemical method for cleaning forms:
Based on the property of some acids (salt), destroy the cement film. For cleaning it is necessary: \u200b\u200b7-15% solution of technical hydrochloric acid, depending on the thickness of the film, the temperature of the forms.
For example, with an increase in the temperature of the form from 20 ° C to 50 o, the reaction rate increases 10 times.
13.2. Lubrication forms.
The quality of reinforced concrete products significantly affects the adhesion of concrete with the surface of the shape.
One way to reduce clutch is the use of various lubricants.
Lubricant for forms should meet the following requirements:
1) The consistency should be suitable for applying a spray or brush to cold or heated to 40 o from the surface of the form.
2) By the time of extraction of the product from the form, the lubricant should turn into a layer that does not cause clutch with the surface of the forms.
3) Do not adversely affect the concrete, do not lead to the formation of stains and sublifting on the front surface of the product.
4) Do not cause corrosion of the working surface of the forms.
5) Do not create unsanitary conditions in the workshops and be fireproof.
6) The technology of preparing the lubricant should be simple to mechanize its processes of application.
13.3. Types of lubricants.
Lubricants that are used in reinforced concrete products can be divided into three groups.
Table 4.
Types of lubricants
Lubricants |
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Water and water-oil suspensions | Water and oil and water-soap-kerosene emulsions | Machine oils, petroleum products and mixtures thereof |
Aqueous solutions of mineral substances (fine-dispersed) Lime Chalk Glinian Slry Such lubricants are easy to prepare and have a low cost, but do not always give good results when planning products. | Colloid systems consisting of two low-soluble in each other liquids Reverse. Direct emulsions ("Butter in water"): Emulsol EX in an amount of 10 liters per 100 l lubrication; Water soft \u003d 90l, soda calcined \u003d 0.7kg. Reverse Emulsions OE - 2 ("Water in oil") - more waterproof and viscous: 20l ex 100l An aqueous solution (saturated lime): 1g lime 1l water \u003d 53l Water \u003d 27l. | Kerosene Petrolatum Machine oil Solar oil, solidol and ash 1: 0.5: 1.3 by weight Solar oil, solidol and autol 1: 1: 1 Paraffin-kerosene lubricant 1: 3 The use of such lubricants is limited to their high cost. |
13.4. Methods for applying lubricants.
1) manual application.
2) Mechanized application - with fishing rod or sprayers.
