The maximum width of the transported cargo, height and weight must not only correspond to the dimensions of the vehicle, but also fit the rules of transportation approved by regulatory documents. For most cargo transportation, no approval is required, since the products can easily fit in the body of a vehicle of the appropriate size and carrying capacity. When transporting bulky and heavy products, it is necessary to comply with the established rules.
Traffic rules regarding the carriage of goods
In the rules road traffic operating on the territory of the Russian Federation, the maximum permissible dimensions of the transported goods are clearly defined by car, as well as the mass and purpose of products. Owner truck on a commercial flight or personal use of equipment, the following requirements must be met:
- Each vehicle has a maximum permissible load on each axle set by the manufacturer. These parameters must be respected under all conditions.
- Dimensions in the width of the transported cargo, its length and height are not significant in case of poor installation and fastening of products in the car body. The driver is responsible for placing and fixing the goods.
- Transportation of cargo should be carried out without restricting the driver's view, interfering with movement, including other vehicles.
- The maximum length of the transported load must correspond to the size of the body. If the product protrudes more than a meter, its special designation is required. With a greater excess, products fall under the category of large-sized and are designated with special signs.
- Permitted dimensions of the transported cargo in width and height are also strictly regulated.
- Transportation of products that pose a danger to the population, or with overall dimensions in width, height or length of 2.55 meters, 4 meters and 20 meters, respectively, falls under the category of oversized. In such cases, the rules provide for a special permit.
Cargo taxi "Gazelkin" will carry out the transportation of any product, including oversized. Our equipment fully complies with the requirements of the traffic police rules, and transportation is carried out with the necessary precautions.
Responsibility for exceeding the dimensions of the transported cargo or transportation conditions
Compliance with the restrictions on the height of the transported cargo, the maximum permitted width and length is a prerequisite for each carrier. The Gazelkin cargo taxi bears full responsibility for compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents and does not undertake work that does not comply with the traffic rules.
Cargo safety, road safety are the main criteria for this kind of work. The tolerance of the dimensions of the transported goods is checked by police officers, and if the conditions are not met, penalties are imposed:
- In the absence of a designation on a load protruding from the body.
- If the transportation of bulky or oversized products is carried out without special permission or for any requirements does not correspond to the information in the document.
- Penalties apply when the maximum permissible axle load is exceeded.
- Not allowed traffic violation drivers transporting products or items.
- If the consignor has submitted incorrect information about the composition, weight and dimensions of the goods, sanctions are also imposed on him.
- Not the dimensions of goods transported by road, transported in excess of the permissible weight of the car, lead to the removal of the car from the route.
When accepting an order, loading and fixing it in the back, it must be borne in mind that a fine is imposed on the driver, officials and the owner of the transport company.
Basic rules for the transportation of oversized cargo
The maximum permissible height of the transported cargo from the ground or the permissible width of the transported cargo on a trailer, as well as the mass of products are not the only criteria for high-quality and safe transportation. When accepting orders, the Gazelkin cargo taxi takes into account a large number of factors that make it possible to carry out the work as efficiently and efficiently as possible.
Qualified employees know exactly how much, according to the rules, can be transported in length, how to stack and fix various items in the body, under what parameters a permit will be required. In order for the customer to have no problems, the following requirements are met:
- Heavier objects are placed in the lower part of the body. This arrangement allows you to achieve greater stability of the vehicle, respectively, safety when driving.
- Products are placed evenly in the body, and the gaps between items are filled with soft pads, foam and other similar materials.
- All products in the body are carefully secured, and during movement, deviations from regular places are monitored. If there is any suspicion, the products are reinstalled.
- To inform other road users, a sign "Oversized cargo" is posted on the extreme, protruding part. Additional installation of reflective elements is possible.
- When transporting special cargo, an appropriate permit is issued.
It is allowed to use vehicles with an outer and inner turning radius of no more than 12.5 and 5.3 meters, respectively.
In accordance with the accepted rules, cargo is suitable for large-sized cargo with a total weight of loaded equipment not exceeding 38 tons, as well as if its length and width does not exceed 24 and 2.55 meters, respectively, and a height of 2.5 meters. In case of any deviation, the products are classified as oversized and require a special permit.
Contacting a Gazelkin cargo taxi is an opportunity to quickly and inexpensively solve the problem of transporting any cargo, regardless of the distance of transportation. The availability of technically prepared and serviceable machines of various carrying capacities, as well as professional staff guarantees the impeccable fulfillment of the application. The car will arrive at exactly the specified time to the desired address, and all related questions can be discussed with the manager, available by phone or e-mail.
It consists of 5 points that provide for superficial requirements for this situation.
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However, a closer analysis allows us to determine more specific conditions applicable to the stage of transportation of large containers and other goods.
Traffic signs restricting the movement of cars by size
The traffic rules of the Russian Federation provide for uniform standards characterizing the conditions for prohibiting the movement of vehicles that do not correspond to standard dimensions.
There are 3 of them in the "Forbidding Signs":
- Sign 3.13 "Height limitation"... It is used to restrict the passage of a vehicle, the height of which is greater than the value given on it. It is placed in situations when the gap from the road to the bottom of the span structures or the means related to engineering communications is less than 5 m.
The maximum difference in height between the figure indicated on the sign and the actual one depends on what exactly it is installed for:
- for architectural structures: not less than 30 - 40 cm;
- for communications: at least 20 - 40 cm.
- Sign 3.14 "Width limitation"... Designed to prohibit the movement of vehicles with dimensions in width exceeding the characteristic standards. Placed in front of the passage and entrance from tunnels, parking lots, bridge structures.
The value on the sign must be indicated by 20 cm less than the real one. The second duplicate similar sign is placed on the span, or on an artificial structure.
- Sign 3.15 "Length limitation"... It is used to prohibit the movement of motor vehicles, the length of which exceeds the value given on it.
Used on a section of a road with the following characteristics:
- narrow carriageway;
- close nearby architectural buildings;
- sharp turns;
- mountain serpentine;
- other sections of the carriageway where a passing with an oncoming car or a single movement can create an emergency, or it is simply difficult.
- Signs 3.11 "Weight limit" and 3.12 "Weight limit, for each vehicle axle"... They affect the vehicle weight limit with or without cargo. The movement of the machine on public roads in the area of their operation is prohibited.
Permissible dimensions when transporting goods by truck
First of all, you should provide information taken from clause 23.4 of the SDA of the Russian Federation.
According to the information provided there, the oversized cargo has the following criteria:
- Protrudes from both sides of the vehicle or one of them no more than 40 cm from the outer edge.
- Protrudes in front or behind by no more than 100 cm.
Exceeding the permissible measures is allowed, but transportation must be carried out with an identification mark "Oversized cargo", with the onset of poor visibility - 2 lanterns or reflectors:
- In front white.
- The back is red.
It should be added here that the red rag that was tied in Soviet time in such cases it is not suitable for this situation.
The “Oversized cargo” badge is officially approved by the Road Traffic Regulations and should look like this:
- Appearance in the form of a square measuring 40 * 40 cm.
- The image is applied by alternating white and red stripes, the width of which should be 5 cm.
- The surface of the sign is covered with a reflective film, allowing you to see it in dark time days and in conditions of insufficient visibility.
Interestingly, in Russia there are different standards for determining the dimensions of a truck than in the countries of the European Union or the United States:
Permissible norms for light vehicles
If you do not take as an example the information taken in the traffic rules of the Russian Federation, clause 23.4, given earlier in relation to cars, you can cite a number of conditions, the observance of which can lead to a fine:
- The load must not compromise the stability of the vehicle.
- The maximum width of the vehicle together with the load must not exceed 2.55 m.
- Front and back, there should be no more than 2m magnifications on either side.
- The load must not obstruct the driver's view and interfere with driving.
- Does not create strong noise and does not cover with its body lighting devices and reflectors.
On the roof of the car
With regard to the carriage of goods in the upper luggage compartment passenger car(on the roof), the previously listed requirements for 40 cm to the side and 1 m forward or backward should be taken into account:
However, in view of the specifics of such transportation at the time of movement, the following factors must be taken into account:
- Loading more than 100 kg of cargo on top trunk can damage the struts and cause dents.
- Materials that have a large volume or area, such as large bags or a sheet of plywood, drywall, in strong gusts of wind, or an increase in the speed of the car, will work like a large sail. The created aerodynamic effect will affect the breakdown of the mountings or overturn the car.
For trailer
The situation concerning the permissible lengths in the trailer of a car at the time of transportation of goods is that the measurements of the protruding element do not take place from the hitch of the car, but from the rear edge of the hitch.
Thus, the metal profile that the Moskvich driver carries in the photo below is placed in compliance with the requirements set in the Rules:
- If the property protrudes beyond the front or rear by more than 1 m, during daylight hours it is necessary to use the identification plate "Oversized cargo".
- Transportation at night or in poor visibility conditions, using the 2 reflective elements or lights mentioned earlier.
For oversized trawl
In accordance with Russian law, the organization of complex oversized cargo must occur subject to a number of rules governed by the following regulations:
- Art. 31. Disclosing the peculiarities of the movement of vehicles with a permissible maximum weight of more than 12 tons.
- Traffic rules of the Russian Federation, clause 23.5, providing for certain dimensions, the excess of which classifies the car as a vehicle whose movement is regulated by the listed legislative acts.
It is used for transportation of heavy cargo or dimensions exceeding the established traffic rules. In most cases, they are allowed for transportation unaccompanied by traffic police officers.
The only exception is the aforementioned situation when the car, along with the cargo, does not fit into the framework approved by the Rules.
The variety of trawls is amazing, but in most cases they specifications look like this:
- Carrying capacity - 36 tons.
- Length - 12-13 m.
- Width - 2.5 m.
Act of discrepancy
The requirement to draw up an act when weighing and measuring the dimensions of the vehicle is defined in clause 2.1.1.1.3. A sample of this document:
According to the text of the document, the following information is displayed:
- Date and time of the check.
- The name, location and affiliation of the checkpoint to a particular institution.
- Registration number, model and make of the checked car.
- The specifics of the cargo.
- with the introduction of information about the distance traveled:
- on federal roads;
- regional;
- intermunicipal;
- local.
- Vehicle weight:
- maximum allowable;
- actual.
- Overall parameters:
- length;
- width;
- height.
A compiled document showing the presence or absence of a violation must be drawn up in 2 copies and signed by the person who is in the execution of his job duties... One sample is handed over to the driver, the other is filed into the archive of the checkpoint.
The legislation of the Russian Federation does not provide for the official form of the act of discrepancy between dimensions during transportation. Mostly in in this case used forms approved by the rules for the carriage of goods, carried out in accordance with paragraph 2 of Art. 38
Penalties for non-compliance with the rules
From all the information presented earlier, a conclusion can be drawn, the key points of which are shown in the image:
Any non-observance of these requirements can cause an emergency situation as a result of which people or their property will be damaged.
If we consider the situation regarding administrative offenses, the legislation provides for various options for the development of events:
- p. 1 - non-observance of the transportation conditions with a fine equal to RUB 500.
- , specifying the excess of the permissible sizes given in the documents for different values, depending on the specific item. Big permissible weight Vehicle for a different value without permission or exceeding the specified weight or axle load on each of the axles by an amount corresponding to a specific section.
According to 11 paragraphs of this article, the penalty for the following persons is characterized:
- physical (driver);
- legal (organizations, enterprises and other companies, regardless of their legal regulation);
- officials who committed a violation while performing their duties under the employment contract;
- with deviation of the set parameters.
Art. 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation regulates various deviations from the normative conditions regarding the overall parameters of a car carrying goods and moving empty. The penalty is provided in accordance with the degree of difference, determined by the content of 11 points.
It should be noted that with the exception of clause 10 of this article, individual entrepreneurs are equated to legal entities.
Based on the information provided, it becomes obvious that an elementary trip to the country house with saplings sticking out of the window of a car can cause the traffic police to pay close attention and receive a fine.
The overall dimensions of trucks are set in accordance with accepted international standards and regulations of individual countries. Regulation is designed primarily to ensure the safety of road transport, the safety of transported goods and security standards environment... The EU has a simplified system of national rules, the purpose of which is to create a level playing field and facilitate the transport process between the member states of the European Union. In the recent past, these rules were also necessary to prevent inconsistencies in the size of transported goods, which, after road transport, are transferred for transportation to railroad.
EU Council Directive 96/53 / EC of 25 July 1996 established standardized dimensions and maximum weights for cross-border freight transport... Compliance with them is mandatory at least in the European Union. Each member state can, in its national legislation (for example, in Germany, these are traffic rules) may slightly modify the established restrictions.International Classification of Goods Motor Vehicles (ATC)
Gross weight (tons)
Notes (edit)
Trucks, special vehicles
ATS with an engine, designed for the carriage of goods
Over 3.5 to 12.0
ATS with an engine, designed for the carriage of goods
Trucks, towing vehicles, special vehicles
ATS without a driver
Trailers and semi-trailers
ATS without a driver
Over 0.75 to 3.5
Trailers and semi-trailers
ATS without a driver
Over 3.5 to 10.0
Trailers and semi-trailers
ATS without a driver
Trailers and semi-trailers
Currently in Russia transportation of heavy and oversized cargo is regulated by:
- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 N 272. In Appendix 2, no distinction is made for single-sided or dual-sided wheels.
- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 9, 2014 No. 12, come into force t only from January 1, 2015 of the year.
18.75 m
24.0 tons
10.0 tons
11.5 tons
40.0 tons
Permitted truck sizes in Europe
dimensions (meter)
Width (standard truck)
Width (refrigerator)
Truck length
Trailer length
Semi-road train length
Road train length
Length of three-axle bus
Articulated bus length
Maximum truck weight in Europe. Axle loads for trucks in Europe
maximum weight for axles (tons)
Not driving axle
Driving axle
Double trolley
Triple trolley
total weight single truck (tons)
Two axle truck
Three axle truck
Four axle truck
total weight of the trailer (tons)
Two-axle trailer
Three-axle trailer
total weight of the road train (tons)
Three-axle semitrailer train
Four-axle semitrailer train
Five-axle road train
Six-axle semitrailer train
Four-axle road train
Five-axle road train
Six-axle road train
Three axle bus
Permissible mass of a road train in Russia. Maximum axle load in Russia.
Appendix # 2
to the Rules for the carriage of goods by road (as amended by the Government Decree Russian Federation No. 12 dated January 9, 2014)Permissible axle loads of vehicles
Distance between close axes (meters)
Permissible axle loads of wheeled vehicles depending on the standard (design) axle load (tons) and the number of wheels on the axle
for highways designed for an axle load of 6 tons / axle ( * )
for highways designed for an axle load of 10 tons / axle
for highways designed for an axle load of 11.5 tons / axle
Single axes Twin axles of trailers, semi-trailers, trucks, tractor vehicles, truck tractors with a distance between the axles (load on the bogie, the sum of the axle masses) up to 1 (inclusive)
from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
from 1.8 and more
Triple axles of trailers, semi-trailers, trucks, motor vehicles, truck tractors with a distance between the axles (load on the bogie, the sum of axle masses) up to 1 (inclusive)
up to 1.3 (inclusive)
from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
21 (22,5 ** )
from 1.8 and more
Approximate axles of trucks, towing vehicles, truck tractors, trailers and semi-trailers with more than three axles at a distance between the axles (load on one axle) up to 1 (inclusive)
from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
from 1.8 and more
Approximate axles of vehicles with eight or more wheels on each axle (load on one axle)
up to 1 (inclusive)
from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
from 1.8 and more
(* ) In the event that the owner of the road has established the appropriate road signs and posted on its official website information on the axle load of the vehicle that is permissible for the road.
(** ) For vehicles with single wheels fitted with pneumatic and equivalent suspension.Notes:
- Values for dual wheels are given in brackets, outside brackets - for single wheels.
- Axles with single and dual wheels, combined into a group of close axles, should be considered as close axles with single wheels, with the exception of a two-axle bogie with an unloading axle.
- For double and triple axles, structurally combined into a common bogie, the permissible axle load is determined by dividing the total bogie load by the corresponding number of axles.
- The permissible axial load for a two-axle bogie with an axle unloading is taken to be equal to the ratio of 60 percent of the permissible load on a two-axle bogie for the driving axle and 40% for the unloaded axle.
European Standards for the Emission of Diesel Truck Engines
UN General Assembly Requirements for Emissions of Pollutants for Heavy Duty Trucks Equipped diesel engine, g / (kWh)
Each truck must be marked in accordance with its standard. The letters of the Latin alphabet are used for designation.Standard (year)
Carbon monoxide - CO
Hydrocarbons - HC
Nitric oxide - N0x
Smoke - Smoke
Euro 0 (1988)
Euro 1 (1992)
Euro 2 (1996)
Euro 3 (2000)
Euro 4 (2005)
Euro 5 (2008)
Euro 6 (2013)
A motor vehicle that meets the relevant requirements is indicated by a letter located on the cab or bumper of the truck:
- U - "Umwelt" ("Nature"), Euro-1 standard,
- E - "Green Lorry" ("Green truck"). The Green Lorry concept includes the following requirements: EURO-2 pollutant emission standards, noise standards - 78-80 dBA. A certificate of conformity is filled out on such a truck and a U or E plate is installed.
- S - "Supergreen" ("Very green"), Euro-2 standard
- G - "Greener and Safe Lorry"
- L - "Larmarm Kraftfahzeuge" (tractor with low level noise) in Austria from December 1, 1989, a truck traveling at night (from 22:00 to 5:00) in Austria must comply with these noise standards.
Since 2001, another definition has been brought out vehicle- "EURO-3 safe", it has been operating since 2002. Such a truck must comply with the EURO-3 standards in terms of emissions, and the usual 78-80 dBA in terms of noise. Then a green sign is hung with a white edging and a white number 3.
For cars that correspond to "EURO-4" and "EURO-5" signs are green with white edging and numbers 4 and 5.All of the above signs must be confirmed by the manufacturer's certificate and must be on board the car.
Amendments to the Federal Law of 13.07.2015 No. 248-FZ regulating the movement of heavy and large vehicles.
In the Federal Law “On Roads and Road Activities in the Russian Federation and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”, the concepts of “heavy cargo” and “bulky cargo” are replaced by the concepts of “heavy vehicle” and “large-sized vehicle”, respectively.
Federal law introduces a ban on traffic on roads heavy vehicles and large vehicles transporting goods that are not indivisible, with the exception of those moving on the basis of special permits for large vehicles, the dimensions of which are no more than 2 percent higher than the permissible ones.
The federal law is improving the procedure for the implementation of procedures related to the issuance of a special permit for movement on roads of heavy and (or) large-sized vehicles, as well as a vehicle carrying out transportation dangerous goods.
The right to issue a special permit for the movement of a vehicle carrying dangerous goods on highways is assigned to the Rostransnadzor of Russia.
It is established that the relevant authorized bodies can issue special permits for the movement of heavy and (or) large vehicles on roads through their authorized subordinate organizations.
In addition, the Federal Law provides for the possibility of driving heavy vehicles, the mass of which with or without cargo and (or) the axle load of which is no more than 2 percent higher than the permissible vehicle mass and (or) the permissible axle load, without special permissions.
In the event that the axle load of a heavy vehicle exceeds the permissible axle load of the vehicle by more than 2 percent, but not more than 10 percent, a special permit is issued in a simplified manner.
Federal law also establishes that a special permit is issued within a period of not more than one day from the date of confirmation of the payment of payment towards compensation for damage caused by a heavy vehicle.
For violation of the established deadlines for coordinating the routes of a heavy vehicle and (or) large-sized vehicle, or for issuing a special permit, or unreasonable refusal to coordinate such routes, as well as for violation of the rules for the movement of heavy and (or) large-sized vehicles, the Federal Law provides for administrative liability ...An excursion into the history of the formation of restrictions on the size of trucks
The main regulatory documents regarding restrictions on the size of trucks in Europe is Council Directive 96/53 / EC. The first states of the old world to change the permissible length and weight of road trains to 25.25 m and 60 tons were Sweden and Finland. In these countries, the operation of two types of road trains is allowed: formed from a three-axle tractor and a 5-axle trailer, made on the basis of a serial 3-axle semi-trailer with a 2-axle rolling bogie and semi-trailer articulated vehicles (SPA), where a 2-axle trailer is attached to the serial semitrailer. trailer, usually with a center axle.
On domestic roads, road trains of new models have appeared quite a long time ago. They run between the cities of Sweden, Finland and St. Petersburg, Moscow.In the framework of international transport, these vehicles were also supposed to appear, but the legislation of European countries (with the exception of Sweden and Finland) is not so perfect as to change the restrictions on the dimensions of cargo cars. The situation is similar in the CIS countries. The useful volume of such road trains reaches 160 cubic meters.
The Scandinavian states did not immediately come to the length of road trains of 25.5 meters. At first, they were able to permit trucks with a length of 24 meters. Standards defining allowable norms the mass of trucks and towing vehicles in the post-Soviet space is now absent. The only suitable GOST was canceled more than 25 years ago. According to him full mass A 5-axle semitrailer or single-trailer road train should not exceed 40 tons, length 20 meters, and with two trailers - 24 meters.
Experts consider the "Agreement on the masses and dimensions of vehicles carrying out interstate transportation on the roads of the CIS member states", which entered into force on June 4, 1999, as contradictory and thoughtless. The maximum permissible mass of a road train under this "agreement" should be 44 tons. Even in North American countries, where the world's strictest axle loads and combination weights are in force, the figure is 48 tonnes. The situation is similar with a 6-axle semitrailer train, the mass of which should not exceed 38 tons. At the same time, in the European Union, in accordance with EU Directive No. 96/53, the permissible mass of a road train is 44 tons.
China has the most liberal attitude to the size of trucks. There are any restrictions there only on paper. According to the documents, regulations similar to EU Directive 96/53 / EC are regulated, but there are huge "monsters" on the roads.
In North America, the length of a semi-trailer must not exceed 16.15 m and a width of 2.6 m.In Europe, similar restrictions are stricter: length - 13.6 m, width - 2.6 m. Due to similar disagreements regarding the permitted standards the process of transporting goods by containers becomes more complicated. So 45, 48 and 53 foot containers are not found in Europe at all, although they are widely used in the USA and Canada.What is Road Train?
A road train is considered to be a vehicle with an arbitrary number of trailers or a towing vehicle.
A feature of such a vehicle is the presence of a towing device. The use of road trains increases the use of the power potential of vehicles, reduces the cost of transportation, increases productivity, reduces the need for drivers, and reduces fuel consumption per 1 ton of transported cargo by increasing the maximum allowable volume of cargo that can be transported at a time by one cargo vehicle.Truck classification by purpose
All trucks can be divided into the following popular categories by body type:
- Awnings, semi-trailers are the most common type of trucks. Used to transport any cargo. Loading the body is carried out from either side, which greatly simplifies this process. Average lifting capacity varies from 20 to 25 tons;
- Refrigerated trucks, semi-trailers are semi-trailers that are equipped with refrigeration units necessary for the transportation of perishable products. Refrigerator temperature: from +25 to -25. The average carrying capacity of these types of trucks is 12-20 tons;
- Auto coupler represents a car and a trailer to it. They are very convenient in terms of loading / unloading. They can carry almost any kind of cargo, except for long ones, as well as requiring special conditions. Capacity: 16 to 25 tons;
- Jumbo are trailers with increased capacity. The floor of the trailer is made in the shape of the letter "L", and also the diameter of the wheels is reduced, due to which additional space is achieved. The average carrying capacity of such trailers is up to 20 tons;
- Container ship- a vehicle used to transport containers;
- Tank truck- a vehicle used for the transportation of liquid and bulk cargo;
- Auto transporter- a vehicle used to transport cars;
- Grain carrier- a vehicle used to transport grain;
- Dump truck- a vehicle used for the transportation of bulk cargo.
Terms used in transport documents
- "Truck"- a vehicle equipped with a mechanical drive. Operated for transportation of goods by road;
- "Vehicle"- a device on which the cargo or passengers are installed for their transportation by road;
- "Road train"- a combined vehicle consisting of a truck and a trailer (trailed road train), a tractor and a semi-trailer (a road train);
- "Tractor"- a vehicle equipped own engine and designed exclusively or primarily for towing a trailer or semi-trailer;
- "Combined vehicle"- a combination of a car and a trailer (semi-trailer);
- "Full trailer" a trailer with a drawbar is a towed vehicle having at least two axles, of which at least one axle is steerable and, in addition:
- equipped with a towing device (drawbar), which has the ability to move vertically in relation to the tractor;
- not transmitting any significant vertical load to the tractor (no more than 100 daN).
When the semi-trailer is connected to the semi-trailer bogie, it is considered a full trailer; - "Semitrailer"- a towed vehicle that is designed to be connected to truck tractor(or with a semi-trailer support bogie) and transfers a significant vertical load to the tractor's coupling device (or to the semi-trailer support bogie);
- "Semi-trailer support bogie"- Trailer with a center axle, equipped with a saddle hitch.
- "Maximum vehicle length"- the length of the vehicle, which does not exceed the established permissible values (for each country its own);
- "Maximum vehicle width"- the width of the vehicle, which does not exceed the established permissible values (for each country its own);
- "Maximum vehicle height"- vehicle height that does not exceed the established permissible values (for each country its own);
- "Maximum vehicle mass"- the mass of the vehicle with or without cargo, which does not exceed the established permissible values (for each country its own);
- "Maximum axial mass» - the mass transmitted through the axle of the vehicle to the surface of the road, which does not exceed the established permissible values (for each country its own);
- "Mass of the vehicle in running order"- the unladen mass of the vehicle with body and hitch in the case of a towing vehicle, or the mass of the chassis with cab, if the manufacturer does not fit a body, and / or a hitch. This mass includes masses of coolant, oils, at least 90% fuel, 100% other fluids (excluding used water), tools, driver (75 kg), and a spare wheel.
- "Technically permissible maximum vehicle mass"- the maximum mass of a vehicle, due to its design and specified characteristics, established by the manufacturer of the vehicle.
- "Indivisible cargo"- cargo that cannot be divided during transportation due to the risk of damage or large expenditures of time and money;
- "Air suspension"- suspension system, in which the shock-absorbing element is air, providing at least 75% of the shock-absorbing effect;
Forwarder or carrier? Three secrets and international cargo transportation
Freight Forwarder or Carrier: Which one to Prefer? If the carrier is good and the forwarder is bad, then the first. If the carrier is bad and the forwarder is good, then the second. The choice is simple. But how to decide when both applicants are good? How to choose from two seemingly equivalent options? The point is that these options are not equivalent.
Scary stories of international traffic
BETWEEN HAMMER AND ANVILS.
It is not easy to live between the customer of the transportation and the very cunning and economical owner of the cargo. Once we received an order. Freight for three kopecks, additional conditions for two sheets, the collection is called .... Loading on Wednesday. The car is already in place on Tuesday, and by lunchtime the next day, the warehouse begins to slowly throw into the trailer everything that your forwarder has collected for his customers-recipients.
ENCHANTED PLACE - PTO KOZLOVICHI.
According to legends and experience, everyone who transported goods from Europe by road knows what a terrible place the PTO Kozlovichi, Brest customs, is. What chaos the Belarusian customs officers are doing, finding fault in every possible way and tearing at exorbitant prices. And it is true. But not all ...
HOW WE HAVE BEEN CARRYING IN DRY MILK FOR THE NEW YEAR.
Loading with groupage cargo at a consolidation warehouse in Germany. One of the cargoes is milk powder from Italy, the delivery of which was ordered by the Freight Forwarder .... A classic example of the work of a “transmitter” forwarder (he does not delve into anything, he only transmits along the chain).
Documents for international transport
International road transport of goods is very organized and bureaucratic, the consequence is for the implementation of international road transport loads used a bunch of standardized documents. It does not matter whether it is a customs carrier or an ordinary one - he will not go without documents. Although not very exciting, we have tried to simplify the purpose of these documents and the meaning that they have. They gave an example of filling in TIR, CMR, T1, EX1, Invoice, Packing List ...
Calculation of axle load for road freight
The goal is to study the possibility of redistributing loads on the axles of the tractor and semitrailer when changing the location of the load in the semitrailer. And the application of this knowledge in practice.
In the system we are considering, there are 3 objects: a tractor $ (T) $, a semi-trailer $ (\ large ((p.p.))) $ And a load $ (\ large (gr)) $. All variables associated with each of these objects will be superscripted $ T $, $ (\ large (p.p.)) $ And $ (\ large (gr)) $ respectively. For example, the unladen weight of a tractor unit will be denoted as $ m ^ (T) $.
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The IRU replied: “The explanations of the Russian FCS regarding the allegedly owed debt of 20 billion rubles to ASMAP are sheer fiction, since all the old TIR claims were completely settled ..... What do we, ordinary carriers, think?Stowage Factor Weight and volume of cargo when calculating the cost of transportation
The calculation of the cost of transportation depends on the weight and volume of the cargo. For sea transport, volume is most often decisive, for air - weight. For road transport of goods, a complex indicator plays a role. Which parameter for calculations will be selected in one case or another depends on specific weight of the cargo (Stowage factor) .
OVERALL AND WEIGHT RESTRICTIONS,
RELATED TO VEHICLES
1. Requirements for the dimensions of vehicles
1.1. The maximum length must not exceed:
single vehicle of categories M1, N and O (trailer) - 12 m;
single two-axle vehicle of categories M2 and M3 - 13.5 m;
single vehicle of categories M2 and M3 with more than two axles - 15 m;
road trains consisting of a tractor and a trailer (semitrailer) - 20 m;
articulated vehicle of categories M2 and M3 - 18.75 m.
The length measurement does not include the following devices mounted on the transport
means:
windshield cleaning and washer devices;
front and rear registration plates and structural elements for installation
state registration plates;
air intake devices intake system engine internal combustion;
locking devices for demountable bodies;
footrests and handrails;
flexible buffers or similar equipment;
lifting platforms, ramps and similar equipment in a driving position, not
augmenting dimensions more than 300 mm, provided that the carrying capacity
the vehicle is not enlarged;
coupling and towing devices of vehicles;
pipes exhaust system;
removable spoilers;
pantographs of vehicles with power supply from the contact network;
outdoor sun visors.
1.2. The maximum width of a vehicle of categories M, N, O should not exceed 2.55
m. For insulated bodies of vehicles, it is allowed maximum width 2.6 m.
The width measurement does not include the following devices mounted on the transport
means:
customs sealing and elements of its protection;
tent fastening devices and their protection elements;
exterior mirrors and other devices for indirect visibility;
surveillance aids;
retractable footpegs;
lighting and light signaling devices;
surface.
means:
antennas;
devices.
categories M3, N3 and O
given in table 1.
Table 1
number of axles
Permitted maximum
weight, t
Singles:
Categories M3, N3:
2 18
category M3)
25
3 (articulated buses of category M3) 28
4 (with two controlled axes) 32
Road trains:
3 28
4 36
5 and more 40
exceed the permitted values given in table 2.
table 2
tent fastening devices and their protection elements;
tire pressure monitoring devices;
protruding flexible parts of the anti-splash system from under the wheels;
for vehicles of category M3 entrance ramps in travel position, lifting
platforms and similar equipment in a driving position, provided that these devices are not
protrude more than 10 mm beyond the side surface of the vehicle and the corner edges of the ramps,
directed forward and backward, have radii of curvature of at least 5 mm; radii of curvature
the remaining edges must be at least 2.5 mm;
exterior mirrors and other devices for indirect visibility;
surveillance aids;
retractable footpegs;
lighting and light signaling devices;
the deforming part of the tire sidewalls directly above the point of contact with
surface.
1.3. The maximum height of a vehicle of categories M, N, O must not exceed 4 m.
The height measurement does not include the following devices mounted on the transport
means:
antennas;
pantographs or pantographs in the raised position.
For vehicles with a lifting axle, the influence of this
devices.
2. Requirements for the weight parameters of vehicles
categories M3, N3 and O
2.1. The maximum mass of vehicles must not exceed the permitted values,
given in table 1.Table 1
2.2. The maximum mass per axle (group of axles) of vehicles must notVehicle category, general
number of axlesPermitted maximum
weight, tSingle: Categories M3, N3: 2 18 3 (excluding articulated buses
category M3)25 3 (articulated buses of category M3) 28 4 (with two controlled axes) 32 Road trains: 3 28 4 36 5 and more 40
exceed the permitted values given in table 2.table 2
Note: The values given in parentheses are the maximum allowable
movement without a special permit on roads, design,
construction and reconstruction of which were carried out under the standard axle load
vehicle 10 kN.
2.3. Vertical static load on traction device vehicle from the hitch
single axle trailer(of the dismantling trailer) in the loaded condition should not be more than 490 N. When
vertical static load from the trailer hitching eye more than 490 N front support leg
must be equipped with a lifting-lowering mechanism that ensures the installation of the towing eye in
the position of the hitch (uncoupling) of the trailer with the tractor.
3. Procedure for registration of type approval of a vehicle
or a safety certificate for the construction of a transport
means in case of discrepancy between measured parameters
the requirements of this annex
3.1. If the overall dimensions of the vehicle exceed the values specified in paragraph 1
of this annex, then in the vehicle type approval or certificate
safety of the vehicle structure, an entry is made about the need for registration
a special permit for the movement of such a vehicle on the territory of states -
members of the Customs Union.
3.2. If the technically permissible maximum mass of the vehicle, or technically
permissible maximum mass of the road train, or technically permissible maximum mass,
per axle (axle group) exceeds the values specified in paragraphs 2.1 and 2.2 of this
application, then in the vehicle type approval or safety certificate
the design of the vehicle, an entry is made about the need for a special
permits for the movement of such a vehicle on the territory of the Member States
Of the Customs Union, in the event that the vehicle actually exceeds the established
real technical regulations weight restrictionsToday, one of the most demanded segments of cargo transportation is automobile. There are many reasons for this - availability, low cost and high speed of delivery.
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It is also possible to transport oversized cargo with this type of transport - but you must remember about some restrictions both in width and height.
Who sets the permissible dimensions
Today, quite strict restrictions are established on the amount of goods transported through the territory of both the Russian Federation and other countries.
It should be remembered that for violations of the dimensional rules, there is a rather serious liability.
Moreover, not only a fine is imposed, but the vehicle is placed in a special parking lot along with the cargo. Which accordingly leads to a significant time delay.
Today, the maximum permissible dimensions of the cargo are set:
- special bodies within the country;
- various international standards.
The Russian Federation, along with many different other states, is a member of various trade associations.
Today in the Russian Federation, the State Duma and the Council of Federations are in charge of the formation of laws governing this type of moment. It is these legislative bodies that are involved in the development of federal laws.
The fundamental regulatory document on the basis of which various kinds of standards are established is
It is in accordance with this legislative act, the standards established by it, that oversized cargo must be placed on the platform. There are quite a number of features associated with measuring the overall dimensions of the cargo.
Abroad, specialized state bodies are engaged in the establishment of the maximum permissible overall dimensions. This applies today to almost all countries without exception.
Including Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan. At the same time, the EU has a single body that forms specialized legislative norms, the effect of which extends to the territory of all countries that make up it.
Therefore, if there is a need to transport oversized cargo through the territory of other countries, it is imperative to take into account the legislation in force on their territory.
Otherwise, serious delays and other problems when passing through these countries will be possible. There are a large number of very different nuances and features.
Restrictions
On the territory of the Russian Federation and other countries, a very large number of very different transport companies... All of them offer an extensive list of all kinds of cargo transportation services.
And it is on the shoulders of their logisticians that the problem of laying a route for the movement of a specific cargo falls. At the same time, the customer of transportation himself should still familiarize himself with the standards, permissible dimensions of the transported goods.
At the moment, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the permissible dimensions in the following countries:
- Russian Federation;
- Belarus;
- Kazakhstan;
- Ukraine;
Most often, it is through the territory of these countries that various types of goods are transported, which for some reason do not fit into the sizes established by law.
Across Russia
At the moment, on the territory of the Russian Federation, the following permissible overall dimensions of cargo transported on general roads are established:
It is important to consider: it is allowed to exceed the height established by law by a value of 4 meters. But at the same time, it is required to follow certain rules without fail.
Mandatory measures include:
- application of special color-graphic designations directly to the car body, cargo boundaries;
- usage special machines accompaniment (the number depends on several individual parameters).
In Belarus
In accordance with the agreement of the CIS countries on the territory of Belarus, there are standards for the height of the cargo and its other overall dimensions, similar to the Russian ones.
At the moment, the following standards are being established:
- maximum length:
- maximum width:
- the maximum permissible height is no more than 4 m.
It is also possible to transport all kinds of oversized cargo. But again, you should remember about the need to comply with certain rules and standards.
It will be necessary to apply special designations to the cargo, vehicle. You will need an escort car.
In Kazakhstan
For the transportation of goods across the territory of Kazakhstan, it is required to comply with the same dimensional standards that are used directly on the territory of the Russian Federation.
The maximum permissible height of the load is 4 meters, together with the height of the platform on which it is located.
The situation is similar with other overall parameters transported cargo (width, length). Similar standards apply to vehicle weights.
In Ukraine
When transporting goods across the territory of the country of Ukraine, it will be necessary to comply with the following standards regarding overall dimensions:
Separate standards exist for the transport of heavy goods. The situation is similar with oversized cargo transportation.
If possible, it will be necessary to familiarize yourself with all of them in advance. This will avoid a large number of various troubles.
Across the EU
On the territory of the EU, the standards for dimensions transported by cargo differ from those adopted on the territory of the Russian Federation, but not significantly.
It must be remembered that all EU countries have uniform standards regarding this point. But inside some individual subjects, it is possible to violate them in a big way.
If necessary, through the EU, it will be necessary to familiarize yourself with all standards.
They look like this:
Size / Country Name Height, m Width, m Length, m A 4 2.55 12 B 4 2.5 12 Bg 4 2.5 12 Ch 4 2.5 12 D 4 2.55 12 Dk 4 2.55 12 E 4 2.55 12 Eg 4 2.5 12 F 4 2.55 12 The cost depends primarily on the weight of the cargo and its dimensions. If the dimensions fit within the limits established by law, then usually the cost is relatively low.
If the cargo is oversized, then in some cases the cost of its transportation (especially in the EU countries) increases significantly.
What is fraught with violation of the height of the cargo during road transport
The issue of fines for the transportation of goods in violation of the established dimensions is reflected in the Code on administrative offenses RF. There is a separate article for each individual violation.
Today, the most essential, which you need to familiarize yourself with in advance, are the following:
- Part 1 - carrying out the transportation of bulky cargo without an appropriate permit, license:
- the carriage of goods in excess of dimensions is carried out by more than 10 cm:
- provides for violations not covered in parts 1 and 2 of this article, presupposes a fine:
If there is a repeated violation of applicable standards and regulations, then much more serious penalties may be imposed. Up to a ban on the conduct of a certain type of activity.
How to transport exceeding the maximum height
To carry out the carriage of cargo exceeding the maximum height, it will be necessary to comply with certain rules established by law.
The most significant are the following:
- a special permit is required to carry out such transportation;
- a special route must be developed and approved by a special department - the driver is prohibited from deviating from it;
- the presence of special designations at the boundaries of the cargo, protruding beyond certain dimensions, is mandatory;
- 1 or more escort vehicles are required.
Also, the cargo itself, the order of its placement on the platform must meet certain specific requirements:
- do not block the road view to the driver;
- not create any other hindrances when driving a vehicle;
- not create obstacles for other road users;
- do not pollute the environment (noise, dust, etc. are not allowed).
