Home Torkemose What is a cutting mass. Curb mass and full of car mass. Brief interpretation of the term

Torkemose

What is a cutting mass. Curb mass and full of car mass. Brief interpretation of the term

In the field of cars and everything that is connected with them, there are two such concepts as full mass And the cutting mass of the car. These are two characteristics that are always told on theoretical classes in a driving school, but many even the most avid drivers manage to forget this terminology. In order to be clear that all this means and how affects the car itself, we will try to consider this question in detail.

Brief interpretation of the term

So, the cutting mass of the car is the cumulative weight of the car. All running parts are included in it, all the filling of the cabin (including audio-video techniques), as well as consumables, such as engine oil, coolant and fuel (full tank). In terms of this weight unit, the weight of the driver and passengers is not included, as well as the cargo and other parts that do not affect the work sound system cars. Based on the term itself, it can be understood that this is the most "equipment", that is, equipment that provides complete readiness for the process of movement, braking, slip, and so on.

Full and oven car weight: differences

Unlike the equipped weight indicator, the mass of the driver, passengers and transported goods is also included. It is clear that all people are different, and everyone is characterized by their own mark on the scales. The same applies to baggage - it is possible to lower the car so that it will not move from the place. That is why among motorists most often used the concept of "permissible full of car mass". Each machine has a higher solvable mark its own, it all depends on the manufacturer, materials that were used in the structure, as well as from the structure of the body and other supporting parts. It is important not to upload your car so that this indicator is exceeded. Otherwise, the body will gradually deform, as well as bridge systems and other details that are attached to the suspension.

Exceptions from machine rules

As mentioned above, the cutting mass of the car is the weight that is peculiar to it with complete "equipment" with the presence of all supplies and accessories. However, in some European countries, the driver's weight is also included in this weight unit, but only if it does not exceed a 75 kilogram. This conclusion Europeans came because it was the driver who causes the movement of the machine, and without it the driving process will become impossible. In Russia, the overall mass of the car is, in addition to all the mentioned parts, also a spare wheel, tools that can be useful on the road in the event of an accident or breakage, and sometimes a canister with spare fuel.

Machine weight and its maximum speed threshold

It is also known from the lessons of physics that heavier items will always move at a lesser speed, as they have to overcome greater resistance. What does the car's cutting mass and its technical characteristics, how do they interact with each other? In order not to delve into the study of the features of each model of each brand modern cars, Consider this issue on two types of cars: double coupe and SUV. The weight of the first car, of course, is small. Yes, a lot of stake takes the engine, injectors and all that ensures fast acceleration sports car. However, her body is small, in the cabin only two chairs, luggage compartment absent. The mass of the jeep is two, and even three times more, in it five or six seating, multiliery trunk. A lot of space occupies a fuel tank, the volume of which is always extremely large. Logical, Audi TT RS will move faster and maneuverable than

Question from the reader:

« Good day. Help sort out the mass of the car! There are many different indicators, the head goes around, and two are indicated in the TCP! For example, what is the allowed mass of the car? What is - without load? And the last thing is that -akable mass of the car? Thanks in advance. Luda»

The question is really interesting. I will try to explain to simple words, read our article ...

To begin with, it is worth noting - this is a very important characteristic. With this value, you can calculate fuel consumption, as well as the dynamic characteristics of the car. For example, a car with the same technical component (engine power and identical transmissions) may differ in the dynamics due to the mass of the car. Even the difference of 20 - 50 kg can strongly affect the car dynamics, the difference can be 1-2 seconds, and this is essential. That is why racing cars Clean all unnecessary to alleviate the body, increase the car dynamics accordingly. Also - the lighter your car, the less it spends. If the car body is light - the engine does not need to push the heavy body on high revolutions, sufficiently average revolutions and speed is typed, therefore the flow rate is less.

As you can see, a lot of things affects. So manufacturers try to make it easier to ease the body modern carsUsing more durable and lightweight materials, such as aluminum alloys, carbon, etc.

But as you correctly noticed in TCP, and in the book of operation of the car, there are many different masses. Let's in order.

Dry mass of car

Such a term is rarely used in everyday life, it basically uses manufacturers on test benches. "Dry" - called the mass of the car, without equipment, which is not fastened, and without oils (engine and transmission), without liquids (cooling, brake, washer liquid), without fuel, without tool, without passengers and without any cargo . That is practically "naked" car.

Mass without load (if completely - the mass of the car in the "curved state" without load) sometimes also the cutting machine

There is in the designation in the TCP. Without a load (but in an outfit) - this is the mass of the car, without a driver and passengers, without cargo, but with a full fuel margin, required tools and spare consumables (jack, pump and spare wheel) and full equipment with liquids. That is, both gasoline, and all oils and liquids (cooling, braking, washer fluid) everything is there.

The allowed maximum mass (in the TCP is indicated as permittedmax mass)

This is the maximum permissible mass, installed by the manufacturer with a driver and passengers, with a cargo, with all fluids, with fuel, with tools, as well as trailed deviceswhich affect the mass (trailers, autoomom).

At this maximum mass, the car retains its technical properties, if it is exceeded - then the movement may not be safe. May just not withstand the suspension. It should be noted that manufacturers take into account the driver and passengers weighing 75 - 80 kg.

These are the masses of the car are obtained. I hope my article was helpful to you.

We are very sorry, but the requests received from your IP address are similar to automatic. For this reason, we are forced to temporarily block access to the site.

Please enter characters from the image in the input field and click "Send".

Cookies files are disabled in your browser.. We will not be able to remember you and correctly identify in the future. To enable cookies, use the tips on this page.

Perhaps automatic queries do not belong to you, but another user who goes into the network from one IP address with you. You need to enter characters once again, after which we will remember you and be able to distinguish from other users overlooking this IP. In this case, the page with cappi will not disturb you for quite a long time.

It is possible that add-ons that can set automatic search queries are installed in your browser. In this case, we recommend that you disable them.

It is also possible that your computer is infected with a viral program that uses it to collect information. Maybe you should check the system for viruses.

If you have any problems or you want to ask a question to our support service, please use the feedback form.

All about car veins

In the world of cars, this term is found very often. But not everyone can know what is the cutting lot of the car. Usually they are told in a driving school, but then everything is confused, as the concepts are forgotten.

This term implies a lot of cars without passengers, as well as without a driver. But this mass includes all the necessary equipment and consumables, take, for example, engine oil. The full fuel tank, as well as the engine cooling fluid, is also included in the cutting mass of the car. That is, so much weighs empty transport, which is fully refined and ready for work.

It is necessary to distinguish the curb weight from the dry and complete allowable mass. Dry mass is a mass of a not refilled machine without gear. And the full allowable mass is the weight of a fully loaded car. This indicator is better not exceeded, then your car will always be in good condition.

How to find out a lot of car. Curb Vegetable Mass and Full

In the automotive sphere and everything that is connected with this area, 2 such basic concepts are used as the oven weight of the car and the full mass of the machine. These two characteristics are those on the theoretical classes passing in the automotive school, they are definitely talking. Nevertheless, many, even very experienced, drivers do not know or just forgotten what lies under this terminology.

What is the cutting mass of the car

The cutting mass of the car is common, i.e. The cumulative mass of the machine with a set of standard equipment, all its operational consumables, which are necessary (for example, coolant and engine oil), fully refilled by automotive fuel tank, weight of the driver, but without weight of cargo and passenger weight.

What is the full mass of the machine

The full mass of the car, or, as it is also called, the full allowed mass is the mass of the machine that is the maximum permissible and includes: the weight of the driver, the weight of passengers, the mass of the entire outfit car, as well as the mass of the cargo that is transported by the machine.

What is the difference between the oven and the full mass of the car

If you understand, in contractions of these two concepts, the case is that it is exactly and summarizes in the overall mass rate. Unlike the indicator of the curb weight of the car, the driver's weight of the driver, and the weight of the car passengers, and the mass of those cargo that are in it are still taken into account (transported).

Absolutely natural is that people are all different - each person has a different weight. The same refer to the baggage of the car - some drivers can "sharpen" the car so that it cannot be shifted from the place, and some are more careful and transported goods within reason. In connection with this most often among motorists, such a concept is applied as "permissible full mass of the machine." Each car has its own highest solvable mark, it all depends on the manufacturer's company, the materials that were used in the process of producing the machine, as well as the structure of the automotive body and other carrier parts of the machine. It is important not to upload own car So that this indicator is exceeded. If this does not adhere to this, then gradually during the operation of the car will be deformed its body, bridge systems, as well as many other details that are fixed to the car suspension. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that with a complete circle mass of the car, it will absorb significantly more.

A passenger car - a car designed to transport passengers and baggage, with a capacity of 2 to 8 people. With more seats for passengers, the car is considered a bus (minibus). The first car was created in 1876.

Classification of passenger cars

I would like to note that the classification of passenger cars as a wheel class vehicleAnd within this class, in itself is sufficiently conditional: some cars can be "transitional" between classes, and even on all signs to relate to two or more classes at the same time.

In addition, the classes themselves change their definition, car size, and so on. It is best illustrated by the constant physical growth of the same model line. For example, the BMW of the 3rd series, debuting as a very compact car, so far has grown so much that caused the 1st series BMW to life.

In addition, the classification of cars is highly dependent on the characteristics of the country's legislation. For example, in Russia, cars related to the class of passenger mass cannot have more than 3,500 kg, and in the USA - 8,600 pounds (3904 kg); In Germany, the passenger car with the body "Universal" or "Hatchback", subject to dismantling rear seats and belts and painting the rear side glasses can be registered as a truck; In the US, for a long time all cotors - SUVs considered "TRUCK" (truck), regardless of mass and size; Customs rules of the Russian Federation require that the imported car with a maximum allowed weight of up to 3,500 kg was registered as a truck - if the mass of the useful cargo exceeds the mass of passengers and the driver (75 kg per place), and passenger - if the mass of the driver and passengers exceeds the allowable weight of the useful load ; etc.

Cars by classes

Class A. 3-door and 5-door hatchback. Little dimensions - length - no more than 3,600, width - no more than 1520
Class B. 3- and 5-door hatchbacks, less often sedans, length 3500-3900, width 1520-1630

Class C. Hatchback, sedan, wagon or control. Length 3.9 - 4.4M. Width 1.6 - 1.75m

Class D. Hatchback, sedan, wagon and universal enhanced capacity. Length 4.4 - 4.7m. Width 1.7 - 1.8m

Class E. Sedans and wagons. Length more than 4.6 m. Width more than 1.7 m

Class F. Sedans, limousines. Length more than 4.6m. Width more than 1.7 m

Minivans and high capacity cars . Hatchback, sedan, wagon or control

SUV . 3- or 5-door universals, less often with removable soft riding. Capacity - from 4 to 9 seats. Purpose is quite universal, although it can be very specific.

Coupe . Coupe with a capacity of 2 or 4 seats

With an open body. Converts, Roadsters and Spiders

In these realities, you can also classify passenger cars for appointment.

"Passenger passenger". Designed for the transport of passengers and / or a small amount of cargo on roads with an improved coating. Increased permeability do not possess (even with full drive!), Congress from the road or overcoming a small fusion can be carried out exclusively "for fear and risk" driver. The subclass of "passenger passenger cars" are "sports cars".

These cars are not cars intended for racing, but are designed to deliver high pleasure from managing their owner. The range of "sporting" solutions can begin with the installation by the manufacturer of the "sports kit" on the ordinary model (for example, Chevrolet Lacetti. WTCC, Opel Vectra OPC-Line), and ending with the release of highly dynamic models (Honda NSX, Chevrolet Corvette, Lamborgini Murcelado ...) - "SUVs".

This class of cars can be operated under the conditions of real off-road and constructively to this is adapted. - Popular now class "crossovers" (they are "PARKTERS") is intermediate between passenger and SUVs.

These cars have patency, elevated relative to the "passenger passenger cars", but do not have a complete set of off-road qualities and do not allow to overcome serious off-road. - "Commercial" cars are often created on the basis of "passenger cars", but at the same time are intended mainly for the transport of small batches of goods in the interests of the business, and not only.

Interestingly, there is a "return" trend to the function of the passenger car: for example, on the basis of popular Opel Corsa. The cargo van of Opel Combo was created, in which the volume of the front seats is organized by the volume of about 3m3 for cargo, and the Opel Combo Tour is offered, where passenger seats are installed in spacious, previously cargo, compartment. From the purely "passenger passenger" progenitor, such a car (like many competitors) is characterized by a much more spacious interior and high ceiling.

Classification of other passenger cars

G1 - Kupe
G2 - Premium coupe
H1 - Cabripes and Roadsters
H2 - Premium Convertibles and Roadsters
I - Universals of increased passability
K1 - Light SUVs
K2 - Medium SUV
K3 - Heavy SUVs
K4 - Pickups
L - minivans
M - Small Commercial

To passenger cars include passenger cars With a capacity of up to 8 people, including the driver.

Cars are classified by appointment, by classes, in general layout, by type of body.

For destination cars are divided into general-purpose cars and high-pass vehicles. Appointment depends on the possibility of this model to move in various road conditions.

General-purpose cars are designed to move on roads of various categories, mainly by road. General destination cars include cars "VAZ", GAZ, KIA, Volga, etc.

Cars of increased passability can move away, are intended for operation not only on roads with a solid coating, but also in roads off-road. Increased cargo cars include Niva cars, UAZ cars.

Depending on the overall layout domestic cars divide on the rear-wheel drive (classical layout), front-wheel drive and all-wheel drive

The classic layout scheme involves the location of the engine over the axis of the front wheels. Wheeled formula of such cars: 4 × 2. The drive to the drive wheels of the rear axle is carried out by cardanian Vala. For example: VAZ-2107 "Lada", GAZ-3110 "Volga".

The class of the car depends on the working volume of the engine cylinders, expressed in liters and from its mass in a non-taxable state. Limit grades are shown in Table.

Division of passenger cars in classes

European classification of passenger cars

Cars of particularly small class are designed for 4 people, the rest of the models are 5 people.

By type of body, modern domestic cars can have body type: sedan, hatchback, wagon, pickup and van.

The basic models of passenger cars are assigned a four-digit index in which the first digit indicates the class of the car, the second is the type of car, and the third and

the fourth point to the number of his model. To indicate modifications basic models Extra numbers can be added to the index.

The full designation of the model includes the abbreviated name of the manufacturer.

What is the cutting mass of the car. Dimensions and weight of the car

In the automotive industry there are such terms as: complete and outfit mass. These terms are those that in the theory of driving schools are defined. But today, even many drivers with great experience, do not remember or do not know about it. The curb weight of the car is the total mass of the machine with the necessary snap, all the materials that are needed during the operation of the machine, full of tank Fuel, the weight of the chauffeur, but excluding passenger weight and cargo mass.

The total mass is considered the mass of the car, which is extremely possible and consists of: the weight of the driver and passengers, the masses of the equipped car, as well as the weight of the goods.

What is the difference between the oven and full mass

If you figure out the differences of the concepts of concepts, then the whole of the essence is to come down to what exactly it can be included and consuming into the overall mass criterion. Compared with the value of the car's exhaust mass, in the indicator, its full mass appears the weight of the driver, and the weight of all passengers, as well as the mass of the transported baggage.

Full weight \u003d car weight + the mass of all people in the car + cargo in the luggage compartment.

Curb weight \u003d mass of the car without additional cargo.

Of course, every person has a different weight. This can be attributed to baggage. Therefore, drivers use such concepts as the "permissible total mass of the machine." Each car has its own highest solvable indicator, everything will depend on the manufacturer's company, those materials from which the car is made, as well as the forms of the car body, etc.

Do not overload the car. If this is not observed, then during the use of a car with it, the deformation of the body, bridge systems, and also other details that need to be fixed to the machine suspension. And still do not forget that, provided that the machine is complete, the car will be consumed in large volumes. Also, the mass is always taken into account when using a two-hand lift.

All of the above tips for motorists are quite important information, Especially if the driver does not have enough driving experience. They should not be neglected or not to take them into account. Since, sometimes even experienced drivers and a chateral commit certain actions that cannot seem at first glance with ridiculous and trifling, but which can lead to consequences. Therefore, be careful and careful, sitting behind the wheel.

The car is a complex system that consists of a variety of nodes. Thanks to their coordinated work, normal movement becomes possible. An increasingly important role in this structure is played by electronics every year.

The onboard network provides control and safety. In addition, in modern cars for a huge number of processes, a variety of sensors and computer systems are responsible.

Along with improving security and comfort, limit speed indicators are increasing. Some hundred years ago cars could maximize up to 40 miles per hour. Now they are able to reach 100 kilometers in 4 seconds, and this is not the limit.

Modern manufacturers spend many money and time to improve the aerodynamic parameters and reduce weight. Unfortunately, motorists forget about the last parameter forget. This is not surprising, because first of all attention focuses on the number horse power, appearance and the number of cylinders.

That's just weight is no less important. The less the machines weigh, the faster it accelerates to 100 kilometers per hour. Yes, and the top rain of the limiting speed is greatly risen. In addition, the car with a slight weight is much easier to control. It is easier to keep it on the track and output from turns. If the balancing is correct, of course.

How did the weight of cars on the engineering industry affected

Car manufacturers have a long time ago, as far as the low weight is important for dynamic indicators. As a result, they tried with all their forces to reduce the size of the main nodes. As evidence, you can recall the invention of the V-engine. He allowed to reduce the place under the hood of the car twice.

Attention! Increasingly, car manufacturers are used when designing modern materials with high strength and low weight.

As an example, you can recall Lykan HyperSport. Its housing is made of carbon fiber. Thanks to which the weight of the car is 1380 kilograms. At the same time, the car accelerates to hundreds in 2.8 seconds.

Middle Weight Table Popular Car

To understand that modern car manufacturers It is enough to reducing the weight of your creations, just look at the table below.

Weight of the exhaust car (kg.)

3962, 452 (loaf)

Focus 2 (Focus 2)

Focus 3 (Focus 3)

Land Cruiser ( land Cruiser.)

Modern passenger cars rarely crossed the border of 1500 kilograms. Of course, there are exceptions like the same Ford Kuga.But they only mostly confirms the general rule that states that the smaller the car weighs, the better for the consumer.

The point is not only in the best maneuverability and greater speed. Auto with low weight requires significantly less energy to move. As the result is spent much less fuel. An important confirmation of this thesis is the ever-growing popularity of parquet SUVs, which are relatively slightly hanging and are a rather economical type of transport.

If we talk about general indicators, they range from one ton to 1.5. An interesting trend can be called the growth of the microllera segment. The weight of such cars can be less than a thousand kilogram. Leading experts associate this everything with the same desire to save people. In addition, small cars are much easier to park in the city. Especially when there is a deficit of free parking.

A small excursion

Watch how the weight of cars change is best in the dynamics. Take the cars of the 50s of the last century. They were real monsters. As an example, a well-illustrating general tendency, Cadillac Eldorado 8.2 can be recalling. His mass was three tons, and it was far from the limit in those times.

But with the beginning of the oil crisis, automakers had to look for other ways to the hearts of consumers. Weight reduction helped to significantly reduce fuel consumption. In addition, it had a positive effect on controllability.

Weight reduction automakers of that time managed to achieve due to use in cars such as:

Now the magnates of the automotive industry invest millions in research related to the search for strong and lightweight materials.

The average weight of the car depending on the type

There are many types of cars that are classified for a variety of parameters. One of the main weight is. Such an approach is easily explained by the influence of this parameter to all other characteristics.

To better understand how cars are classified by weight, consider the most popular types, they are counted for them:

Mikrolrease cars. The engine of such machines rarely exceeds the volume into one liter. The minimum indicator is 0.4 liters. Power in 15-40 horsepower is quite normal. The weight ranges from 0.5 to 0.8 tons. Such vehicles consume from 5 to 7 liters of gasoline by 100 kilometers. Maximum speed 100 km / h
Salten cars. The volume of engines of such vehicles can reach two liters, but usually it lies in the range from 1 to 1.5 liters. Power of about 60-70 hp The body can have both four and five places. The weight of the car from 0.8 to 1 tons. The fuel consumption is 6-8 l, and the speed of 110-120 km / h.
Cars with average litter. Engine volume in such machines from two to three liters. Power of about 80-130 horsepower. Weight 1.2-1.6 tons. Fuel consumption of 12-14 liters. Maximum speed indicator 120-145 km / h.
Cars with big litter. The weight of such vehicles reaches 2.5-3 tons. They consume a lot of fuel. On average, 18-20 liters per 100 km. Speed \u200b\u200bfrom 150 to 240 kilometers. Six or even eight people can easily fit into the salon. The power of such cars can reach 300 hp

If you judge the latest sales in Europe, then every year the first two types of cars occupy an increasing sector of sales. Such a tendency is easily explained by the desire of modern people save and not pollute the environment.

RESULTS

From all of the above, we can conclude that the weight of modern a passenger car It is about 1.5 tons. At the same time, with each year, thanks to modern materials, this indicator becomes less and less.

All phenomena occurring during the movement of the car, very much depend on its total sizes, weight, shape, position of the center of gravity, the location of the body, i.e. From his general structure or, as they say, layouts. Get an idea of \u200b\u200bthese common, source data on the car is more convenient when the car is worth it.

Fig. The main dimensions of the car give an initial idea of \u200b\u200bits layout.

Let's look at the car on the side. To draw or draw it, it would be necessary to make several basic sizes first:

length and car height
the longitudinal distance between the axes of the wheels (the so-called wheel base or simply base)
clearance between car and expensive
front and rear skes, i.e., distances from the axis of the front or rear wheels before, respectively, the front or rear end (buffer) of the car

If you look at the car in front, behind and from above - the main size is the width of the car, the track of the front and rear wheels, i.e. the distances between the middle of the tires of the same axis.

Overall dimensions Call the extreme, the largest dimensions of the car in length, width and height.

Domestic passenger and trucks are different in layout. The more contemporary car, the most part of its total length takes the passenger premises or the shipping platform, the more these useful areas of the car forward are moving. The attitude of the base of the car and its height to the length is becoming less, and the useful length used for direct purpose (for passengers, luggage or cargo), more and more.

The ratio of the useful length of the passenger car LK to its total length of L1 or the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe SK truck platform to its total area S1 is called the use of the dimension N (Greek letter "This" with the "DL" indexes - length or "pl" - area):

The greater the indicator N, the better the layout of the car.

Before putting a car on the scales, you need to determine in which weight state it is located. If all the mechanisms of the car are filled with lubricant and other liquids (water, and brakes, etc.), the car is equipped with a spare wheel and a set of tool, and the tank is filled with fuel, then the weight of such a car is called weighing in an oven or own weight .

If the car is not filled with gasoline, water, oil and other liquids, the weight is called it dry . Dry weight determines the amount of metal and other materials in the design of the car, as well as important from the point of view of car transportation (on the railway platform or crane). Sometimes a dry weight is called such a weight when a spare wheel and tool are removed from the car.

If the car is with the driver, passengers (by the number of places in the body) and the cargo, its weight is called full .

When a car is weighed with a load, that is, when they determine the full weight, load the body with sand or cast-iron duals, and the weight of the passenger is taken equal to 75 kg.

Fig. Development of layout of a passenger car.

Fig. AMO-3 and GAZ-51A cars have a body of the same length, but the gas-51a cabin is shifted forward, therefore the base is shorter than that of AMO-3, by 510 mm, length is 425 mm.

The weight ratio of the useful load GE to its own weight of the car G0 is called the specific capacity of the car NG:

Specific loading trucks Close to one, i.e. the car weighs about the same as he can carry it on. In passenger cars, this indicator ranges between 0.20 and 0.40, as passengers are placed in the body freely, and small cars (lighter, with a close body) are higher than that of large.

Since we consider the car in motion, only the total weight of the car should be taken into the calculation of the listed weight states. After all, the car is in the oven (without driver and load) and, moreover, in a state corresponding to "dry weight" cannot move. But in addition to complete weight in some cases, we take the weight condition of the car, which is conventionally called the chassis, when the driver is located on the car, but there is no passengers or cargo. The car can move, but it is not loaded.

For weighing, the car is rolled into large scales either entirely, or in turn on the front and rear wheels. In the second case, it is possible, having folded the weight of the weighing, to obtain the weight of the car and at the same time to find out which part of the weight falls on the front wheels and which is on the rear, i.e., what is the distribution of weight on wheels this carWhat is the front and rear axial weight and what is the load on each wheel and the tire. All this data is extremely important for evaluating all the quality of the car: its, smoothness, the ability to take overclocking and lifts, develop the greatest speed.

Fig. When changing the number of passengers or filling the platform with a load, weight distribution via wheels.

Cargo cars on the front wheels account for 25-35% of the total weight, on the rear-65-75%. Own weight of trucks is distributed between the axes almost equally: 40-50% on the front wheels and 50-60% on the rear. It can be seen that the bulk of the weight of the payload is transmitted through the rear wheels.

Requirements for weight distribution on wheels, as we will see, very contradictory. To improve the patrimony qualities, the car's passability and to facilitate control, it is advisable to load the leading (rear) wheels and unload the guides (front); To increase the stability and smoothness of the stroke, it is advisable equal to the distribution of the load or some overload of the front wheels. To increase the service life of all tires, there is a uniform load, which is obtained with such a weight distribution over the axes:

50%: 50% for passenger cars
33%: 67% for freight (taking into account two tires on the rear wheels)

Fig. Folding the strength from the weight of individual parts of the machine, we get power from the full weight attached in the center of gravity.

Especially important is the constancy of weight distribution by wheels (not weight, but weight distribution!), I.e., preservation of the total weight percentage coming to the front or rear wheels in all weight conditions. Unfortunately, most modern cars do not have this quality. It can be achieved if the center of gravity load is located near the center of gravity of the car without load.

The weight distribution on wheels depends on the weight of the mechanisms and the payload and on their location along the length of the car (it is believed that the car is more or less symmetrical relative to its longitudinal axis and the load on the left and right wheels - the same. Therefore, the distribution of weight on the left and right wheels are not Consider.) Especially substantially the last, since the most importantly components of the vehicle of the car - the engine, the body, the payload - can be differently located relative to the points of the support (i.e., to the front and back axes) And have a different weight. When designing a car, the weight of each car unit (as well as the weight of the parts of the aggregate itself) can be represented as a force pointing to the surface of the road. You can consider the aggregates in a queue, taking them in pairs, and find it for each pair as a resulting; Then take the ones found in pairs, and so on until the resultant of all these forces is obtained, equal to the weight of the car and attached at the point, which is called the center of gravity.

The article is written on the materials of the sites: auto-kruutho.ru, Orthograf.ru, Resalt.ru.

In the automotive industry there are such terms as: complete and outfit mass. These terms are those that in the theory of driving schools are defined. But today, even many drivers with great experience, do not remember or do not know about it. The curb weight of the car is the total mass of the machine with the necessary snap-in, all materials that are needed during the operation of the machine, full fuel tank, weight of the chauffeur, but excluding passenger weight and cargo weight.

What is the difference between the oven and full mass

Full weight \u003d car weight + the mass of all people in the car + cargo in the luggage compartment.

Curb weight \u003d mass of the car without additional cargo.

The onboard network provides control and safety. In addition, in modern cars for a huge number of processes, a variety of sensors and computer systems are responsible.

Along with improving security and comfort, limit speed indicators are increasing. Some hundred years ago cars could maximize up to 40 miles per hour. Now they are capable get to 100 kilometers in 4 seconds, And this is not the limit.

Modern manufacturers spend many money and time to improve the aerodynamic parameters and reduce weight. Unfortunately, motorists forget about the last parameter forget. This is not surprising, because first of all attention focuses on the number of horsepower, the appearance and the number of cylinders.

How did the weight of cars on the engineering industry affected

Attention! Increasingly, car manufacturers are used when designing modern materials with high strength and low weight.

Middle Weight Table Popular Car

To understand that modern automotive manufacturers are to reduce the weight of their creations, just look at the table below.

		Weight of the exhaust car (kg.)




























Chevrolet (Chevrolet)	Cruze (Cruze)

Gas (Volga)


Gas (cargo)


	69a (5 places)
















	3962, 452 (loaf)

	Patriot (Patriot)
	Hunter
Nissan (Nissan)	x Trail (X-Trail)
	Qashqai (Qashqai)

	Focus (Focus)
	Focus 2 (Focus 2)
	Focus 3 (Focus 3)

	Escort (escort)
Renault	Logan
	Duster (Duster)
	Sandero (Sandero)
Opel (Opel)	Mokka (Mokka)
	Astra (Astra)
Mazda (Mazda)


Volkswagen (Volkswagen)	Tuareg

	Passat (Passat)
Toyota (Toyotta)	Camry (Camry)
	Corolla (Corolla)
	Selika (Celica)
	Land Cruiser
Skoda (Scoda)	Octavia (Octavia)
	Fabia (Fabia)

	Sportage (Sportage)

	Picanto (Picanto)

Modern passenger cars rarely crossed the border of 1500 kilograms. Of course, there are exceptions like the same Ford Kuga, but they only mostly confirm the general rule that says that the smaller the car weighs, the better for the consumer.

A small excursion

Weight reduction automakers of that time managed to achieve due to use in cars such as:

plastic,
carbon fiber,
light metals.

Now the magnates of the automotive industry invest millions in research related to the search for strong and lightweight materials.

The average weight of the car depending on the type

To better understand how cars are classified by weight, consider the most popular types, they are counted for them:

Mikrolrease cars. The engine of such machines rarely exceeds the volume into one liter. The minimum indicator is 0.4 liters. Power in 15-40 horsepower is quite normal. Weight ranges from 0.5 to 0.8 tons.Such vehicles consume from 5 to 7 liters of gasoline by 100 kilometers. Maximum speed of 100 km / h.
Salten cars. The volume of engines of such vehicles can reach two liters, but usually it lies in the range from 1 to 1.5 liters. Power of about 60-70 hp The body can have both four and five places. Machine weight from 0.8 to 1 tons. In this case, the fuel consumption is 6-8 liters, and the speed of 110-120 km / h.
Cars with average litter. Engine volume in such machines from two to three liters. Power of about 80-130 horsepower. Weight 1.2-1.6 tons. Fuel consumption of 12-14 liters. Maximum speed indicator 120-145 km / h.
Cars with big litter. The weight of such vehicles reaches 2.5-3 tons. They consume a lot of fuel. On average, 18-20 liters per 100 km. Speed \u200b\u200bfrom 150 to 240 kilometers. Six or even eight people can easily fit into the salon. The power of such cars can reach 300 hp

RESULTS

From all over the foregoing, it can be concluded that the weight of a modern car is about 1.5 tons. At the same time, with each year, thanks to modern materials, this figure is becoming less.

Fig. The main dimensions of the car give an initial idea of \u200b\u200bits layout.

Let's look at the car on the side. To draw or draw it, it would be necessary to make several basic sizes first:

length and car height
the longitudinal distance between the axes of the wheels (the so-called wheel base or simply base)
clearance between car and expensive
front and rear skes, i.e., distances from the axis of the front or rear wheels before, respectively, the front or rear end (buffer) of the car

Overall dimensions Call the extreme, the largest dimensions of the car in length, width and height.

nD \u003d LC / L1
NLL \u003d SK / S1

The greater the indicator N, the better the layout of the car.

If the car is not filled with gasoline, water, oil and other liquids, the weight is called it dry. Dry weight determines the amount of metal and other materials in the design of the car, as well as important from the point of view of car transportation (on the railway platform or crane). Sometimes a dry weight is called such a weight when a spare wheel and tool are removed from the car.

If the car is with the driver, passengers (by the number of places in the body) and the cargo, its weight is called Full.

When a car is weighed with a load, that is, when they determine the full weight, load the body with sand or cast-iron duals, and the weight of the passenger is taken equal to 75 kg.

Fig. Development of layout of a passenger car.

Fig. AMO-3 and GAZ-51A cars have a body of the same length, but the gas-51a cabin is shifted forward, therefore the base is shorter than that of AMO-3, by 510 mm, length is 425 mm.

The weight ratio of the useful load GE to its own weight of the car G0 is called the specific capacity of the car NG:

50%: 50% for passenger cars
33%: 67% for freight (taking into account two tires on the rear wheels)

Fig. Folding the strength from the weight of individual parts of the machine, we get power from the full weight attached in the center of gravity.

The weight distribution on wheels depends on the weight of the mechanisms and the payload and on their location along the length of the car (it is believed that the car is more or less symmetrical relative to its longitudinal axis and the load on the left and right wheels - the same. Therefore, the distribution of weight on the left and right wheels are not Consider.) Especially significantly last, since the most importantly components of the vehicle of the car - the engine, the body, the payload - can be located differently relative to the points of the support (i.e., to the front and rear axes) and have a different weight. When designing a car, the weight of each car unit (as well as the weight of the parts of the aggregate itself) can be represented as a force pointing to the surface of the road. You can consider the aggregates in a queue, taking them in pairs, and find it for each pair as a resulting; Then take the ones found in pairs, and so on until the resultant of all these forces is obtained, equal to the weight of the car and attached at the point, which is called the center of gravity.

(Rate the first)

Subscribe to news

Curb weight and full of car

There is a dry, equipped and permissible full weight of the car. This indicator directly depends on the carrying capacity and size of the car. Quite often, these indicators differ at 300-700 kg or even more. And if the dry weight is the weight of the car without any additions (even without oil in the motor), then the cutting mass reflects the weight of the vehicle fully ready for operation.

The cutting mass of the car takes into account the weight of the equipment necessary for the operation (tools, spare wheels), as well as the mass of all consumables (fuel, oil, etc.), but does not take into account the weight of passengers, the driver and the mass of the cargo.

Than cutting mass differs from dry mass

Some drivers do not understand why you need to know the equipped either another mass of the car, and this is very important informationwhich you need to know. There are two concepts that characterize the mass of the car - the permissible full mass and the oven. It is worth noting that these characteristics are priority for some indicators, for example, fuel consumption. In addition, they affect the functioning of various vehicle systems.

Curb mass includes such indicators as weight:

Car.
Various lubricants technical fluids, fuel tank (full).
Standard equipment required to operate vehicle (lift, spare wheel, fire extinguisher, regular set of tools and keys, medical first-aid kit).
Driver (the weight of 75 kg is taken into account).

The values \u200b\u200bof such a mass of the car are indicated in the serviceport or technical characteristicsah a specific model.

In addition to the cutting mass of the machine there is still dry and permissible complete. Dry mass is equipped with curved, but without some equipment, fuel in the tank and consumables. In other words, this is the mass of unsearched cars only without fuel.

The concept of "permissible full mass of the car" means the maximum loaded mass of the car provided by the manufacturer. It is also sometimes called the most allowed or maximum permissible. Referring from the total mass of the car is equipped, you can find out the car carrying capacity. Accordingly, the full mass of the machine is always more equipped and all the more dry.

All elements of the car are calculated and after which they are manufactured with some safety margin. Everyone knows that the excess of the loading of the car significantly worsens the efficiency of braking and traction characteristics, as well as directly affect safety.

That is why automakers indicate in the vehicle documents full allowed mass, which is maximum permissible.

The full mass of the car is, in fact, the hypothetical indicator, which varies from the weight of passengers and the weight of the cargo in the trunk. We rarely have a heavy baggage with them, respectively, it is not accurate.

The dry mass of the car can also be a useful indicator, since the machine is never exploited without antifreeze, fuel, transmission and motor oil etc.

All manufacturers when creating cars are trying to reduce the mass of machines, since this value significantly affects both acceleration and on economical characteristics. This is quite simple to explain: the greater weight can transport the car to a specific distance, spending the minimum of fuel - the better for car owners. In addition, the increased load has a negative impact on the parts of the suspension and the body of the car.

European measurements of the car vehicle

Using your own formula that determines the oven mass may be present in each European country. It is this criterion that it is necessary to move through the bridge or dam. The most accurate data in this case will not allow overloading.

In almost all countries of Europe, 75 kg is added to the cutting mass - this is medium weight adult man. This calculation allows you to obtain data on what is the mass of the car while driving.

In addition, the following features include:

The weight of the tool required to operate the vehicle, which must be present in the trunk.
Bus or cargo car intended for far follow (If there are places for a crew member to the mass of cars add another 75 kg).
The spare wheel, the weight of the jack, the fire extinguisher and other elements is also necessarily taken into account.
In the curb weight of the car is added no less than 90% of the weight fuel tank Machines (full).

In addition, there are several formulas that allow you to individually determine the curb weight. This moment is extremely important for trucks, since at all weighing items by deducting the exhaust mass can be performed with high accuracy to check the maximum permissible weight Auto, baggage weights, etc.

Therefore, in individual cases, the inspection services are used by formulas, with which it is possible to calculate the curb weight of the car, taking into account people present in it, items, etc.

There are many situations in which knowledge of the equipment of the car may be needed. First of all, it is towing, since each vehicle has a maximum permissible mass of towed cargo.

It is also worth remembering this meaning in those situations where the car drives local bridges through rivers or dangerous places. Often, there are warnings in such places, which contain information about limiting the mass of vehicles. Therefore, experts recommend to follow some rules:

If necessary, appreciate the weight of the car to add to the value of the mass of the car weight of the driver and all passengers.
Buying cars to immediately learn the outfit mass specified by the manufacturer.
It should be found out the formula that was used to calculate the cutting mass, remember or record this figure.
Do not worry about fuel, oil, first-aid kit, fire extinguisher - these items are automatically recorded in the indicators.
Do not forget about baggage, which is not taken into account in the oven car (situational luggage).

From this information it is worth conclude that the currency indicator is important information and for the owner of the car it is necessary. This is one of important parameters Specifications, which takes into account sometimes up to 500 kg of additional car weight.

We buy rubber and discs - another application of the exhaust mass

Buying new discs on the car, high risk of getting problems in case the weight of the car does not match performance characteristics disks. Otherwise, any, even a minor bump, adversely affects their metal: alloy wheels will get a crack, steel - I will bend.

It was also a lot of important to consider the weight of the car when choosing rubber, because if you do not consider the rubber load index, the likelihood of unpleasant consequences is high.

To the most common problems that can cause a mismatch of the weight of the auto index of rubber loads include the following points:

Quick rapid erasing of the tread.
Rubber Cord destruction, blinking / blowing irregularities on the working or side surface of the tire.
Uneven wear of rubber layer due to too high pressure.
The absence of correct control of the vehicle, since the tires change the trajectory of movement.
Bad rolling increased flow Fuel due to rolling resistance.
Poor impact on the braking path.
The inability to pump the wheels, as requires the manufacturer's recommendation.
Reducing safety safety for a number of reasons.

These are the consequences may occur when buying discs or rubber, when the car's oven is not taken into account. This proves that this indicator is important for the operation of the vehicle.

To choose optimal size Tire or disks, it is necessary to record the value of the car weight of the machine and divided this value to four, since all manufacturers of these products indicate the weight in kilograms per tire.

All technical specifications are important in the process of its operation, therefore, documents issued when buying should not be thrown out. They will not be needed only when the warranty period comes out.

If you for any reason do not know the circular weight of your car, you should know where it can be quickly found. To do this, you should always have at hand (for example, in the bookmarks of the Internet browser in Mob. Phone) Website with a description of the technical characteristics of almost all vehicles. This information can be very useful because this directory contains all the data on the full and oven car weight. Accordingly, you have the opportunity if you need to get reliable information about what details you buy.