The engine does not develop high turns. Why does not pull a diesel engine or reasons why the engine does not develop full power. Mechanical problems with the engine

2.2 Method for a fault search method "Engine

does not develop power "

Table 3 shows ways to detect and eliminate the malfunction "The engine does not develop power" using the necessary devices and devices. The specified table serves as the basis for creating tables of binding a malfunction "The engine does not develop power" with the malfunctions of the engine systems and the engine catch that causes this malfunction.

To illustrate the procedure for using a tabular troubleshooting method, consider the most characteristic example. On the engine of the YAMZ-238D (superior engine), a decrease in traction qualities is marked when the car is driving under load. The specified malfunction appeared after adjusting the high pressure pump (TNLD) on the stand. This malfunction in the method under consideration is defined as "the engine does not develop power."

Using Table 3, another number of tables are drawn up in which systems and nodes are faulting caused by this malfunction. There are five such tables:

- turbocharged, inlet and release;

- feeding fuel;

- cylindropional group;

- gas distribution mechanism;

- Violation of the rules of operation and repair of engines, faults of the tractor systems and car.

We begin the analysis from the table 3 and find the following reasons in it: there is no fuel in the tanks, the power limit is not removed for the running time period, the control lever does not rest in the bolt limitations of the maximum idle rotation frequency, the lever is weakened on the control axis of the regulator. It was found that after checking on the engine, these reasons were also not confirmed. Next reason in Table 3 - incorrectly installed fuel injection advance. When checking on the engine, it turned out that it is equal to 15 degrees. up to VMT on the corner of the turn crankshaftWhile according to the instructions, it must be within 18 ... 19 degrees., i.e. an error is made in the installation of the fuel injection ahead (when installing the pump after checking on the stand). You should set the desired angle and thereby eliminate the fault.

In general, the reasons for the malfunction "The engine does not develop power," may be 41.

The considered malfunction detection technique is applied during operation.

Table 3 - Possible causes of malfunction"The engine does not develop power" and ways to eliminate it

		Remedy
	1 Air filter filter elements are contaminated Pollution of paper filtering elements is determined as follows: the resolution on the suction indicator is measured, a water piezometer or altimeter. For jets with a superposition, a vacuum is allowed to 4.9 kPa (500 mm of water. Art.), For the engines without chance - 6.8 kPa (700 mm of water. Art.) In the first case, the vacuum is determined under load corresponding to the value of the rated power. In the second case, the vacuum is determined on idling at a rated frequency of rotation. In both cases, they check whether the elements of soot and dust are not polluted.	Blow or rinse paper air filter elements, if necessary, replace them
	2 Blocked inlet tract This defect occurs during the service of the air cleaner with an open intake path. In the intake manifold it is possible to enter any foreign object overlapping air supply to one or more cylinders. In this case, the refused cylinder can be found in one of the following ways: - remove the intake manifold and inspect the channels in the heads of the block and collectors; - blow the inlet path in the opposite direction, removing the engine nozzle and turning the crankshaft manually or starter when the fuel supply is turned off; - Measure compression in the engine cylinders: there must be at least 3.43 MPa (35 kgf / cm 2) at a frequency of 600 min -1. A significant decrease of it is to 980 kPa (10 kgf / cm 2) and below, as well as constancy at different speeds indicate that the air does not enter the cylinders.	Remove foreign object

Continuation of Table 3.

Manifestation, characteristic sign of malfunction	Cause and method of detection of malfunction or search plan	Remedy
After using the motor brake, a sharp reduction in power with increased exhaust gases	4* Fully or partially blocked by the valve of the engine brakes, the exhaust path due to improper adjustment of the damper drive or the pneumatic cylinder, the flap of the flap sleeves, the valve axis are jammed Check if the drive is working and disconnecting it, make sure that the valve axis rotates ease	Clean the flap from the car, lubricate the graphite lubrication axis, replace the defective sleeves, eliminate the jamming in the drive, repair its pneumatic cylinder, check the drive adjustment
High-temperatures of exhaust gases - collectors are rarely white color when the engine is running under load; black smoke on release	5** Grident inlet tract The tightness is checked by an external inspection (the presence of traffic jams, plugs, tightening and installation of connective sleeves, etc.) and the crimping of the intake path using smoke (instead of the filtering element, the air cleaner is installed the block of the same size as the element itself to use its fastener; The bracket is fixed with a wire smoke-smoking material - wool, rag, etc.; in the plug, the tube is screwed through through which air under pressure is not more than 9.8 kPa (0.1 kgf / cm 2); in the absence of a pressure gauge pressure can be installed According to a water piezometer 10 kPa (1000 mm of water. Art.), which is used to measure the air cutting on the suction; before checking the tightness, the crankshaft is set to the position corresponding to the beginning of the fuel injection into the first cylinder). Cooking lasts 2 ... 3 min; Disposal sites are determined by the emerging smoke.	Check and eliminate leakage
The high temperature of the exhaust gases-collectors is repeated to white when the engine is running under load; black smoke on release	7*** The aperture of the fuel supply corrector for pressure is destroyed	Replace a diaphragm or corrector

Continuation of Table 3.

Manifestation, characteristic sign of malfunction		Remedy
	8** The turbocharger bearing knot failed: - Bearing Bearings of the Rotor Shaft; - wear or breakage of the rotor shaft sealing rings; - The destruction of the wheel of the compressor or turbine. The main reasons for the bearings are as follows: there is no lubricant (the sleeves have the color of the breakdown) as a result of a sharp drop in the oil pressure due to the lubricant faults; Balancing the rotor as a result of foreign objects to the turbocharger. Note: The turbocharger must be viewed when: the destruction of intake or exhaust valves and their saddles; breakdown of piston rings and looting details of a cylindrophone group; malfunctions of the oil filtration system; Out of failure of the oil pump; Turning the crankshaft liners; Finding foreign objects from the compressor or turbine wheel. To determine the operation of the turbocharger, remove the inlet pipe and check the axial (no more than 0.2 mm) and radial (no more than 0.8 mm) gaps, as well as the ease of rotation of the rotor. Increased clearance and jail indicate a turbocharger malfunction. It is possible to estimate the performance of the turbocharger by pressure pressure (see the appropriate operating manual) measured on the rated power mode	Remove the turbocharger and send to the repair workshop, replace if necessary
	9 Missing fuel in the tank	Make a fuel tank
	10 No capacity limit on the running period	Remove the screw restriction of power from TNVD until it stops

Continuation of Table 3.

Manifestation, characteristic sign of malfunction	Cause and method of detection of malfunction or search plan	Remedy
	11 The control lever of the regulator does not rest in the bolt of limiting the maximum idle speed	Check and adjust the length of the fuel control
The engine does not develop a maximum idle speed	12 Weakened lever fastening on the control axis of the regulator	Fasten the lever on the axis, if necessary, replace
	13 Mala rotation frequencycorresponding to the beginning of a decrease in the supply of fuel by the regulator provided that the control lever adjusts the maximum speed limit bolt	Renvd and adjust on the stand
	14 Blown Burning B. fuel tank	Clear fuel collection
	15 The passage section of low pressure fuel lines is reduced due to clogging, significant dents or installation of small cross section pipelines. To determine the bandwidth, select the fuel line leading to the filter thin cleaning, and check the crankshaft starter. If the fuel-pumping pump and low pressure system, the fuel will flow from the fuel line.	Clean, but if necessary, replace the fuel line
Engine does not develop power	16 Weakened fastening to the nozzle or broken high pressure fuel pipe	Pull the fastening or replace the high pressure fuel line

Continuation of Table 3.

Manifestation, characteristic sign of malfunction	Cause and method of detection of malfunction or search plan	Remedy
The engine does not develop power under load at normal exhaust gases and maximum engine crankshaft rotation frequency	17 Hit the air into the fuel nutrition system The faulty place is detected by the appearance of foam in the drain line or to leap fuel through looseness in the compounds on the suction area from the fuel tank to the fuel pumping pump. Possible air supply locations: - Fuel tank switching faucet, - sealing of filters of coarse fuel, fuel pipelines, housings or handles of the manual fuel pumping pump, liquid heater fuel tube (PZD) - for engines with fuel fence to PZD from low pressure supply system. The presence of air bubbles in fuel the fuel is checked on draining it from an edge with a fuel output to an additional container, and the system is pumped with a manual fuel pumping pump or start the engine. Apply other ways to check. For example, the fuel supply tube to the pumping pump is separated, connected it with an additional container, filled with pure fuel, and the engine is allowed. If it turns on to work, then the air drums occurs before the fuel pumping pump, or is pressed by fuel under a pressure of 0.2 ... 0.3 MPa (2 ... 3 kgf / cm 2) Low pressure fuel supply system through the tank tube of the tank, for which the tank is used for Refuel brake fluid Model - 326 1. The place of fuel leaps and will be the air suction site.	Eliminate the suspension places with a suspender of threaded connections, treading cranes, soldering pipelines or replacement of sealing gaskets and pressure pipelines
White smoke. With a low speed of rotation, the engine is stable steadily, when you press the pedal, the rotational speed does not increase	18 The fuel filter element is clogged. Fuel pressure measured by a pressure gauge in the TNVD highway, below 0.05 MPa (0.5 kgf / cm 2) indicates a specified malfunction	Replace the filter element. When the element is flooded, drain sucks from the tank

Continuation of Table 3.

Manifestation, characteristic sign of malfunction	Cause and method of detection of malfunction or search plan	Remedy
Black smoke, hard engine operation, high temperature exhaust gases	19 Incorrectly installed fuel injection The fuel injection advance angle is constantly decreasing. The reasons for this defect are as follows: - weakened fastening of the pump to the block, - worn or destroyed plates of drive alummifits, - there is an arbitrary disregulation of the bolts of fastening the leading half - worn or destroyed cams Multifits of the TNVD drive, - Cut with a key or destroyed the key of the TNVD drive shaft. In the case of a switch from the gear side, without removing the engine with the chassis, install the crankshaft and gear on the labels corresponding to the angle of ahead, and the injection angle - by tags, encoffling the drive gear from rotation, and weld it to the shaft by electrical welding, - cut with a knap of cam shaft TNVD Black smoke testifies to the late (small) coal, tough work - about early (large) coal	Pull the pump fastening bolts and adjust the angle Replace plates and adjust the angle Tighten the bolts and adjust the angle Replace the drive alummifmother and adjust the angle Replace keypad or drive shaft and adjust the angle Replace the key and failed, then adjust the angle by tags

Continuation of Table 3.

Manifestation, characteristic sign of malfunction	Cause and method of detection of malfunction or search plan	Remedy
Black smoke at low speed, uneven operation (in the absence of air supply), high temperature exhaust gases	20 Faulty nozzles: - low needle lifting pressure; - Cocking holes of the sprayer; - reduction of bandwidth; - jeaning the needle of the sprayer in an open or closed state; - leakage of fuel on the shielding needle lock cone; - Spray sock break. Faulty nozzle can be detected on the engine running as follows: - method of disconnecting cylinders (when the cylinder is turned off with a good nozzle, the crankshaft rotation frequency will decrease, and the smoke will not change; with the defective nozzle, the rotation frequency of the crankshaft of the engine will not change, and the smoke will decrease) - on the heating of exhaust manifolds immediately after starting the cold engine (if the collector of one of the cylinders is colder than the rest, then the holes of the sprayer are closed, if he is hot, then the fuel at the spray cleaner's locking cone), - on the temperature of the fuel pulsating in high pressure pipelines (if the tube of one of the cylinders is hotstores, then the sprayer needle hung in the closed position)	Remove the nozzles and on the bench to check and adjust the pressure lift pressure, clean and rinse the nozzle, if necessary, replace it with
Engine does not develop power	21 Failure to fuel pumping pump The fault is evidenced by the discharge of less than 15 ... 20 kPa (0.15 ... 0.2 kgf / cm2), measured by a vacuum at the inlet into the fuel-pumping pump at a maximum rotational speed. In a good pump, when the inlet of the inlet, the hand is felt by a hand, created by a hand pump. Possible pump malfunctions: - Spring breakdown or piston hang, - hanging valves in the open position due to dirt falling under them; - wear eccentric cam shaft and piston piston piston.	Rinse the nests and pump valves, put the valves, replace faulty parts or pump

Continuation of Table 3.

Manifestation, characteristic sign of malfunction	Cause and method of detection of malfunction or search plan	Remedy
	22 Fortunable byproof high pressure fuel pump valve To check its performance, you need to measure the fuel pressure in the pump highway, connecting the pressure gauge to the hole under the air intake plug on its body. The pressure must be within 49 ... 98 kPa, (0.5 ... 1 kgf / cm2). If it is lower below (make sure the filter elements are previously configured), remove the bypass valve and inspect. His possible malfunctions Next: - Valve hangs due to dirt ingress between saddle and valve - attenuation or breakage of the valve spring When there is no pressure gauge, it is necessary to twist the overlap valve from the pump housing and install a working valve or a temporary plug in its place. The engine start after that confirms that the valve removed was faulty	Rinse the valve parts, adjust the opening pressure of the saddle by turning. After adjusting the saddle to batch When weakening or breaking the springs, stretch it or replace it
Knock in the engine, blue smoke exhaust gases; The engine works unevenly	23 Spring Spring or Exact High Pressure Fuel Pump Indoor Valve To determine the malfunction, the high pressure fuel lines from the TNLD fittings should be removed, set the rail to the position of the shutdown and pump the system with a manual pump. The appearance of fuel in any fitting indicates a malfunction of the valve	Replace the spring and valve or eliminate the leakage of the valves with wipe Check if the water did not get into fuel, as this is one of the reasons for breakdown springs

Continuation of Table 3.

Manifestation, characteristic sign of malfunction	Cause and method of detection of malfunction or search plan	Remedy
Engine does not develop power	24 Violated the adjustment of the TNVD	Remove the pump from the engine and adjust on the stand
	25 Faulty high pressure fuel pump section The malfunction can be determined on the touch of fuel pulsation in high pressure fuel lines or by expiry from the fuel lines that are sequentially disconnected from the pump sections (for more details, see pp 26 ... 29)	Remove the pump and eliminate the failure of the section
The engine does not develop the rated speed of rotation or exceeds the maximum	26 Drew plungers TNVD Detection method - p. 25. The hanging plungers occurs due to the ingress of dirt, metal chips into the suction window of the sleeve, as well as due to corrosion of plunger steam	Remove the TNLD from the engine, replace the plunger pair and adjust the pump on the stand
Uneven engine work	27 Weakened the fastening of the gear crown of the PTNVD plunger sleeve Detection method See 25	Remove the pump from the engine, tighten the screw of the gear crown, if necessary, replace the details and adjust the pump on the stand
	28 Spring Spring Pusher (Method for determining the fault, see paragraph 25)	Remove the TNLD from the engine, replace the spring and adjust it on the stand
	29 The pusher freezes or there is a jacket of the pusher of the TNVD section (cm Read more p. 25)	Remove the pump from the engine, replace the details fell and adjust it on the stand
Black smoke exhaust gases	30 Cuts or worn out fists of the TNVD shaft	Remove the pump and send to the repair workshop
Black smoke exhaust gases	31 Worn or destroyed Bearings of the cam shaft of the TNVD
	32 Weakened fastening fuel injection lifting coupling	Tighten the coupling nut nut, replace the details

Continuation of Table 3.

Manifestation, characteristic sign of malfunction	Cause and method of detection of malfunction or search plan	Remedy
	33 Jammed loads of injection arise coupling in advanced or divorced state Check if there is oil in the coupling and whether it returns to its original position (click) when scrolling the crankshaft manually	Remove the coupling, replace the details failed, if necessary, replace the coupling
Black or blue smoke exhaust gases, smoking from the oil refining neck or a sapuna and increased flow Oil	34 Worn or there is a loop of the details of the cylindrophone group Check the tightness of the intake path (see below. 5), since the likely cause of a defect can be dust into the engine cylinders. In case of disassembling the engine to carry out the micrometer of the details of the cylinder piston groupAt the same time, the end gap between the first ring and the end of the piston groove, measured by the dipstom, should be no more than 0.6 mm (the ring is pressed against the piston). The gap in the castle of the first ring inserted into the non-working liner belt must be at least 1.5 mm. Wearing the details of the cylindrophneum group can be determined by a tangible protivation on the sleeve in the stopping zone of the upper ring, as well as to wear chromium on the first ring, which is noticeable to impaired mirror glitter or on the appearance of copper color when the ring is immersed in a solution of copper sulphate	Replace the details
	35 Hung piston rings or natire appeared	Replace the details fell and check the tightness of the intake path (see paragraph 5)
Black smoke exhaust gases	36 Violated adjustment of the gap in a pair of valve - rocker	Adjust the gaps in the valve mechanism
	37 Bottles of intake valves	Replace the rods and check the drowning of crackers
Black smoke exhaust gases	38 Gear distribution gear is not installed	Install the gear
Brake drums are heated	39 Broken brake adjustment	Adjust the brakes in accordance with the instruction manual

End of Table 3.

Manifestation, characteristic sign of malfunction	Cause and method of detection of malfunction or search plan	Remedy
Sharp reduction of power, black smoke of exhaust gases when moving machine on mountain roads	40 Engine operation at a crankshaft rotation frequency greater than the maximum ("twist" engine) Violation occurs due to improper selection of speed mode (inclusion of lowest transmission) or braking mode. About the "twist" of the engine indicates the sewage of the surges of valves by more than 1.5 mm; Loss of crackers fastening of valves of the gas distribution mechanism, traces of tangenecks of valve plates about the bottom of the piston	When moving along mountain roads, monitor the speed of rotation of the crankshaft of the engine and not allow its significant exceeding over maximum
Black smoke exhaust gases	41 Missing between the load and power of the engine (for the car mass of the cargo exceeds the load capacity, for the tractor selected hinged equipment Or the soil processing mode does not correspond to the power of the tractor)	Go to low transmission or put the load on the engine

Note:

* Engine equipped with a motor brake.

** Advanced engine.

*** Engine, equipped with a fuel flow rate on pressure pressure.

2.3 Method Algorithm for Fault Search "Engine

does not develop power "

The method of the algorithm given in Appendix B presents all the causes of the malfunction "The engine does not develop power" in a more convenient, compact and visual form. Using this method, you can quickly find the cause of the fault. This method complements the tabular, facilitating and speeding up the search for the reason, but at the same time more details the cause detection methods are set out in the tabular method.

Output

The proposed table method for finding a malfunction "The engine does not develop power" is built on the experience of using tractors and cars with YMZ diesel engines. When drawing up tables used the results of the external inspection of engines and the survey of the service personnel working on vehicles with new or repaired diesel engines.

The algorithm method complements the tabular, facilitating and accelerating the search for the cause. It is more convenient, compact and visual.

The considered method of detecting a malfunction will allow systematically and with the smallest material costs to find the cause "The engine does not develop power" during operation of the EMZ engines and quickly eliminate it.

Conclusion

The widespread embedding of the table method of detecting a malfunction "The engine does not develop power will improve the quality of operation, maintenance and repair, which ultimately will lead to an increase in the efficiency of YMZ diesel engines. But this method is complicated, as it requires in 13 tables to consider 41 reasons.

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Many at least once had come across a situation when the engine perfectly worked before that was blown away, the car as if he was playing anchor from behind. The reasons for which the engine does not pull and does not gain momentum, various, but recognize the signs of most is easy and without the skills of the car diagnostic or motor.

General reasons for all engines

The characteristics of the motor specified in the car's passport data are provided under certain conditions. This is the corresponding filling of the cylinders with air, which in the engine is a working fluid. This and the ability to warm it up to the desired temperature on time - to file a certain amount of good quality fuel and set it up (the pressure peak for the maximum efficiency should have at the time of the transition of the upper dead point).

DVS work cycle

Loss of engine power independently of its design becomes the result of a number of common reasons. Let's start with fuel: its quality remains a lottery, the motor is configured to a certain variety. That is, and prescribed in the injection card or the mixture settings specified by the settings can die from the ideal, and the combustion rate of the mixture changes. So, if problems appeared immediately after refueling, you know what way to watch.

Filling cylinders with air is rigidly associated with gas distribution phases. It is enough to leave the labels as the battles of the engine work will be shifted: the difference in 1 tooth is capable of significantly reduced the power of the motor. Moreover, the belt or chain is optional to leap - more and more motors are obtained by cordless pulleys, which require tight fixation of the shafts with special requirements when installed. If you do not reach the pulley, and one day it will shift from a given position. Well, if the motor simply loses cravings, and does not hit the piston by the valves that did not have time to close on time, drive them into the head of the cylinder block.

Motors with a variable camshaft gas distribution (at least one) have the ability to shift so that with sufficient pickup to the bottoms (small overlap of the phases) do not lose and on tops (the camshafts are displaced "to each other", increasing the overlap phase that high revolutions Increases power). Possible causes by which the machine does not gain speed is the failure of the VVTi control valve or problems with phasemators' couplings. We have already disassembled this question, speaking about.

In addition, the filling of cylinders is tied to the resistance of the intake and release. To score the air filter so that he lost through the bandwidth - it should be managed, but oil emissions through the crankcase ventilation system, especially if the piston is already worn, and the oil collector is primitive, often. On the VAZ-2106 to force the engine "Break of Oil" through the ventilation of the Carter is not difficult, and on fresh front-wheel drive cars (2109, 2110, 2114) Such cases are possible. The gross air filter has dramatically resistance, hence the loss of motor thrust.

Issue on carburetor cars and old dieselms is simple, and enough to reduce the throughput section so that the motor began to "press" exhaust gases, one can permanently powerful blow (When moving irregularities, for example) or canonical potato - but it is at least immediately noticeable.

If the engine does not pull the electronic injection, then the catalyst falls under suspicion in this case. Overheating, fuel enter due to the power fault system can cause sintering its cells. Diesels S. summary filters The main enemy becomes soot: the automatic burning of the filter on the move is ineffective, and at least one must perform forced regeneration.

Problems with the release easily give themselves: a stupid motor with a subsequent start-up attempt ejaches smoke into the inlet, the sound of the engine is changing, immediately "crawl" to the outlook (exhaust begins to "sch" to a damaged area).

The motor should not just get the right amount of air and fuel - it should ignite in time. On the gasoline motor, you need the appropriate ignition advance angle, diesel is an injection advance angle. Since there are no modest injection engines on modern injection engines, the ignition protrusion problems are peculiar primarily carburetor machines and old injection systems with a rubber (Japanese have such systems have been used before the early 2000s). Check the base argument angle adjustable to the rubber, and the operation of the protruding automata in it (when the angle, normal at idle fails, will begin to "leave" when the rotation set).

Separate case - motors where the rubber is provided with a separate pulley from the timing belt (old "Audi" and "Volkswagen"). Here, when replacing the belt, the pulley of the traver put "how will have" (there are no labels on this pulley!), Forgetting that the rubber when replacing the belt, you need to focus on the risk on the crankcase under it. After such a replacement, the car stops the car, because the ignition angles are changed. The initial injection angle is set to diesel engines with a mechanical pump, in addition, ahead controller works - they are checked according to data from the repair and maintenance instructions.

On the petrol engines We are in suspects and spark plugs: Even if the motor normally works at idle, it is not a fact that the candles will work well and under load when the pressure in the cylinders at the end of the compression tact grows, and the conditions for sparking become worse. It is worth putting another set for sample: without an oscilloscope, which allows you to remove voltage curves from a working ignition system, it is difficult to determine how real candle behaves under load. On the illustration below, look at the peak stresses, corresponding to the moment of sparking: in the third cylinder, the gap is excessively increased, the spark flashes on too much voltage, and its duration falls (the power accumulated in the ignition coil is not enough for normal combustion of the spark).

If we talk about compression, then in normal conditions It decreases as it is so slow that the reduction in power occurs for the driver is imperceptible. An exception is rapidly developing breakdowns (cracks of piston rings, the destruction of partitions between rings,). Simultaneously with the drop in power, the stability of the idle move sharply, the final diagnosis will definitely supply the compressometer.

As for engines with turbocharged, then on their dynamics the state of the turbocharger is well reflected. The perfect centrifugal pump (turbocharger impeller) has a quadratic dependence of productivity from revolutions: it costs turns to fall twice as the pressure will fall into four. The swallowing of the rotor due to the destruction or cunning of bearings, the burning of the "hot" impeller is the likely reason why the turbated machine does not pull. Here, as with compression, the pressure gauge will help.

Causes of power loss in carburetor motor

It costs to immediately check the fuel level and the operation of the fuel pump: "nothing up" the fuel immediately gives itself under load of loss in dynamics, sharply in the carburetor. Overflow due to the faulty locking needle of the carburetor in the same way will lead to the loss of the power engine, here the black smoke and shooting of the silencer will become a characteristic feature.

Better than the speaker The car is perceived during acceleration, so the possible reason for the "redemption" can be a defect acpercelative pump. The fact is that all the carburetor systems are designed to work in static modes, with a set of revolutions, the mixture is converted. To combat this transfer and serves as an accelerating pump: when pressed on the gas pedal, the diaphragm pushes a dose of gasoline through the shut-off valve into the sprayers that go into diffusers. When breaking the diaphragm of the accelerator pump or clogging sprayers, the acceleration of the car immediately worsens so much that it is difficult not to notice. Check the accelerator pump is not difficult - removing the air filter or the "turtle" from the carburetor, you need to drastically press the throttle drive: the fingers will feel the resistance (the diaphragm will create pressure in the accelerator pump), and the gasoline should be powered from the sprayers to the inlet.

In the working modes, the composition of the fuel and air mixture is set by a statically set of fuel and air jets. It is worth blowing them, and rinse with noticeable sediments with a cleaner: even if the problem is not in this, the maintenance of the main dosing system will not be superfluous.

Does not pull the injection engine

Why the machine does not pull if injection systems are equipped feedback And can self-regulation in the "closed loop"? Alas, the possibility of self-regulation is not as wide as I would like.

The first enemy of injection systems is insufficient fuel pressure. When the fuel consumption is minimal, then the reserve of correction is enough to work at idle. But it is only worth allowing the load on the engine, as the correction will jump to the limit threshold, but the nozzles will still be "noting".

The pressure in the fuel ramp is set by three nodes: actually a fuel pump, pressure regulator and a set of filters (coarse and fine cleaning). The performance of a good gas station is at times exceeds the needs of the motor at maximum flow rate - this is done so that the pump wear is reflected as low as possible at the operation of the motor. Therefore, the fuel pressure regulator dropping the "unnecessary" fuel or immediately at the pump outlet, or from the fuel ramp after the fine cleaning filter.

In the first case, the fuel ramp is called the inept (16-valve VAZ motors, modern foreign cars), in the second - drain. The difference between these systems at the installation site of the regulator and in its work. On the drain ramps, the pressure regulators are controlled by the vacuum in the intake manifold, the pressure in the ramp varies depending on the load (with normal for VAZ 3 bar at idle it is 2.3-2.4 bar, consider it during the diagnosis!). On the unable pressure is maintained constant relative to the atmosphere and constitutes 3.5-4 bar depending on the car model. Exception - Systems direct injectionwhere operating pressure ranges from 20 to 70 bar.

Something useful for you:

The resistance of fuel filters does not affect when measuring the pressure of the fuel "in the neck" (the pump is enabled on the muted motor, when there is no fuel flow in the ramp) and minimally at idle. But under load, an excessive increase in filter resistance reduces the fuel feed in the ramp, which will lead to a speed loss. Therefore, the pressure is measured at idle and under load (for example, overhanging the master axis and slowing down the wheels on the transmission enabled). In cases where idling is normal, and the problems goes on the go, to measure pressure only at idle (XX) is meaningless.

Stages of exception when checking:

1. Remove the coarse filter ("Mesh" at the entrance). A number of cars are a well-known problem - for example, on the second generation of "focus".
2. Replace the fine filter.
3. Measure pressure under load.
4. On motors with a drain ramp to overcertrine or drowning in a different way to eliminate the effect of fuel pressure regulator. In motors with a non-dust rape RDT module installed in the fuel pump module, it is easier to temporarily set the puis-plug from polyethylene or other material that is not destroyed by gasoline.
5. Secondary measure the pressure: if it has grown, it is necessary to replace the RDT, otherwise - replacement of the pump.

The second reason is "nothing" -. Even with normal operation of filters, the formation of sediments on sprayers over time is inevitable. It is possible to evaluate in the "home" conditions only the form of a torch sprayed by removing the ramp and srolling the motor starter (ATTENTION! This procedure is fire hazardous!). The net nozzle should be evenly "dust", and not give separate trickles or pour to the side. Assess the performance of the nozzles and compare it from the nominal only on the stand.

The loss of speakers is a consequence and excessive enrichment of the mixture. Here, blame the fuel pressure regulator cannot be installed (the pump performance, even when working without RDT, is not so high, so that the reserve of the correction of the injection ECU does not blocked the enrichment). Much more likely leakage of the nozzles (again, is checked on the stand) or failure of the sensors to which the calculation of the injection time is tied.

Here the undisputed leader is a mass flow sensor - the device is accurate, but sensitive. As pollution and aging, DMRV overestimates the test, the car begins to significantly spend fuel. As a result, the re-improvement of the mixture can no longer be adjusted by software. But such a malfunction can be seen immediately: the car will start smoking, the candles will turn black in Nagar. On motors with sensor absolute pressure More likely to fail the air temperature sensor (here it is separate knotWhile in the DMRV built-in).

On vehicles with an electronic choke, it is worth checking the operation of the servo, removing the nozzle and giving the progask from the throttle. The throttle should open evenly, without pauses and subflinking, indicating problems with the drive gearbox or (axis, faster by naigar, twisted in the case).

Video: Power lost. Power loss

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For each motorist, it is important that its vehicle worked properly, and without any problems it was able to develop their own optimal power. However, for a number of reasons, the power unit of the car over time can stop typing the number of revolutions necessary for its normal operation. In this case, the car will lose their former incision, and its traction qualities will significantly decrease.

Signs of trouble

Determine the lack of the number of revolutions is quite simple and each driver is able to distinguish the normal power of its car. The reduction in power is always accompanied by a deterioration in the dynamics, traction, weak acceleration, as well as high-leveling. Often, a car with this problem spends much more fuel, and exhaust gases may have either black.

A good motor always reacts to pressing the accelerator pedal and begins to develop more revolutions. If this does not occur or a tangible difference is not observed, then you should pay attention to both the engine and the fuel system.

As for the faults, due to which the power unit is not capable of typing the required number of revolutions, it is worth noting, there are quite a lot of them.

Insufficient heating of DVS

First of all, it is necessary to understand that the immense engine is unable to fully function. For this reason, before starting the movement, it is recommended to give the unit to work in idle mode for several minutes or start moving on a cold engine without rapid acceleration. But it is worth remembering that if the car is equipped with a carburetor engine, it is better to give preference to warm up than a gentle start. Otherwise, the movement may occur, and the motor can stumble.

If this system gives a failure, then own forces It will not work out and be sure to visit the auto service.

Carburetor Engine

In the case of a carburetor, everything is somewhat simpler - an angle is set exclusively in manual mode, scrolling the ignition distributor. It is quite difficult to install it quite difficult, but still possible.

If the ignition of the mixture occurs when the piston is in the upper dead point, the explosion of the mixture will occur when it starts downward. In order for this not, the ignition angle is adjusted. To properly set an angle, it is necessary to identify the compression tact in the first cylinder. To do this, you can take a piece of the rolling, and clog the cylinder candle hole. After that, the crankshaft scrolls for the crown and at the beginning of compression, the roller will fly under pressure. At the same time, the labels on the pulley and the frontal lid should correspond to each other. When the labels came together, it is necessary to pay attention to the rotor of the tramblor, it should be directed precisely on the contact of the first cylinder (the numbering of the cylinders is indicated on the lid of the trambl.). In the event that this is exactly the case, then the ignition angle is in order.

Further, when the error is detected, you must send the bottom nut locking the trambler. After that, slightly raising the battery, you should scroll the rotor until it becomes the first cylinder contact. By installing the rotor, the fixing nut can be tightened, but not to the end.

Now the ignition angle is adjusted. This is done as follows. Tester, or control lamp Connect to the plus terminal of the ignition coil and to the "mass" of the car. Ignition turns on, and configuration begins. For this, the rotor is pressed with one hand, and the other slowly scrolls the vacuum knob clockwise, until the control lamp goes out. After in the opposite direction, the housing of the distortion is scrolled until the lamp ignition or detect readings on the tester. As soon as it happened, scrolling is completed, and the nut is tightly tightened. Thus, the ignition advance angle on the carburetor engines is adjusted.

The level of gasoline in the float compartment of the carburetor

In the process of forming the fuel-air mixture, the fuel limit in the carburetor float chamber plays a huge role. At a low level, the number of gasoline in the mixture is noticeably decreased, as a result of which the inability is unable to develop sufficient power. When the level of the high fuel mixture is enriched, but fully warm up before getting into the cylinder it is unable, which is also reduced, the rejection decreases.

In order to adjust the fuel level, it is enough to bend the fastening of the float in the desired direction to the required limit.

Problem in the accelerator pump and clogging of highways

When diagnosing, it is important to pay attention to the state of the accelerator pump, because it is due to its reliability, the engine responds to pressing the accelerator pedal. The jets located in the pump in the normal state should serve the fuel of a thin flowing.

Check it is quite simple. It is necessary to dismantle the air filter in order to open the first chamber overview. Then you should open throttle valve And keep it in such a state for a few seconds. As a result, a powerful and thin jet of fuel will be released from the jetwork, which should be focused clearly into the second chamber. In case the trickle is weak or goes unevenly - the jetwork is clogged and requires urgent cleaning.

Air subcosition in the intake manifold

Among other things, the cause of a significant drop of revolutions power aggregate There may also be the usual air seats in the intake manifold. At the same time, the motor is badly started, troit, increases gasoline consumption, problems occur even at idle. This is due to the fact that fuel mixture Additionally penetrate excess air.

Find out that the injection unit has ceased to fully develop the turnover for this reason is quite difficult, and even more difficult to find the place where the air passes. This is most often due to the depreciation of the collector laying. To check, you can abundantly cover the docking place of the collector fuel using a syringe throughout the connection perimeter. Next, the engine should be launched and if it turns out to develop normal turnover, it means that the problem is lifted here.

However, it is worth understanding that this method is quite primitive. For a full diagnosis of the intake manifold, it is recommended to visit the car service, because it is very difficult to do it yourself.

Violation of gas distribution

When the timing belt is broken, the phases of gas distribution in the unit occurs. It happens after it is replaced if the new belt was installed with a displacement of at least one crankshaft and camshaft gear. In this case, the cycle of the operation of the engine is violated, the consumption of fuel increases, and the exhaust acquires various colors due to the defective combustion of the mixture.

Due to the fact that the replacement of the belt requires certain knowledge of the engine, to entrust this procedure better by car service, and not attempt to set the cycle yourself.

Low compression

Perhaps the most serious problem Because of which the engine power is reduced - reduction.

This happens when the details of the piston group are worn. The consequence of this problem becomes the loss of energy at dVS work. Compression is checked by a compressometer, and if the indicators are lower than optimal, then this problem requires the mandatory overhaul Engine. The norm is considered compression within 10 - 14 kg / cm2, but for each car it is its own and indicated in the documentation.

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Why does the engine do not gain momentum necessary for correct operation? Such a question is asked by very many drivers. During the operation of the engines of different typesThey often face a situation when when you press the gas pedal, the engine does not respond in any way and does not gain the necessary rev.

Often such problems are found with cars equipped with HBO, although when switching to gasoline, the problem is disappeared. Malfunctions of a different plan may entail as quite serious repairs and simple preventive measures. Consider in more detail why the engine is badly gaining momentum, both on gasoline and diesel fuel.

At the first case, it is very important to try to analyze, under what conditions it happened and how it appears. Be sure to try to identify all associated symptoms.

Failure to fully serviceable in DVS typing the necessary revs after service work or repair is usually the result of incorrect assembly, connection errors, etc. Such situations allow you to instantly determine malfunctions by examining or returning the car to the repair station.

Possible reasons for which the engine does not develop are divided into categories. First, we'll figure it out with simpler, you can say minor faults. The set of the desired indicators when driving is very dependent on the fullness of combustion, the composition of the mixture, the effectiveness of supplying it in the desired volume and timely ignition.

One of frequent reasonsThrough which the turns cannot communicate to the desired value - the violated operation of the ignition systems, fuel supply and air:

1. Significant pollution air filters Reduces the ability to penetrate air through the filters. The engine in such a situation begins to work unevenly, loses its power, as a result, will not be able to gain momentum. One of the frequent reasons is the appearance of branches, dirt, packages in the air filter, etc.;
2. It is necessary to pay attention to the subference for an inlet of air surplus. The problem may occur unexpectedly or as a result of gradual progress. Working on a strong scene, the motor is very difficult to gain momentum. The proportions of fuel and air in the fuel and air mixture are significantly deviated from the normal indicator. The mixture is as a result of a very scarce on gasoline and rich in the air. The engine with such a mixture is starting without problems, but will not work without interruption and will not be able to gain revolutions at the slightest movement;
3. The unit does not receive a sufficient amount of fuel. Usually, a filter protrudes in the role of the culprit, which can easily clog out of foreign objects. Typically, problems with the launch of the engine does not occur, since the level of fuel is normal, but the car twisted, it will not respond to manipulation with the gas pedal. Turns may not reach the level of a certain tachometer mark;
4. A contaminated filter mesh on a fuel pump, since over time, the formation of a tank on it is naturally natural. The lack of the desired pressure in the system leads to a drop in pump performance. The normal operation of the motor is impossible in different modes: the engine will dial, turns are necessary and immediately stuck due to the mesh clogging;
5. Violated work of wires and candles makes problem inflammation combustible mixture. The process of arson of the fuel charge is not limited, the power drops, respectively, turns will not grow. The cause of these manifestations is usually pollution and grinding of candles, damage to its body, gaps when installed on the electrodes;
6. Engine Troops with high-voltage wiring breaks, ignition moment skipping, deteriorated dynamics of DVS ropes.

Serious malfunctions requiring a certain level of skill, knowledge and special equipment or reference to the maintenance station. It's not about consumables, namely, the details:

• Perhaps the most important reason - the impaired phases of the timing phases. Balanced operation of the gas distribution mechanism is violated due to the late opening of the valves. Such troubles usually appear after unsuccessful attempts to replace the timing timber, especially when leaving the teeth. Also, the reasons include valves that are incorrectly adjusted, malfunctions in the gas distribution phases and even the vehicle breakdown;
• Violated operation of the incendiary module and coils. Ignition passage becomes familiar, and the engine is simply not achieving the revolutions necessary for normal operation;
• It is worth paying special attention to the nutrition of the injectors on the injector. The control signal does not work on the nozzle, or this happens with interruptions due to improper posting operation;
• Violations in the work of the gas station, and if diesel engine, TNVD. The problem is developing gradually, everything begins due to the gradual weakening of the possibilities of pumping fuel, and as a result - lack of pressure. As a result, with a large engine loading, it will begin to stroke increasingly;
• The problem of pollution of the injector occurs when the units with fuel are extremely low quality. Be sure to clean the nozzles at least 30 thousand;
• Incorrect operation of sensors electrical system may affect even the composition of the combustible mixture.

What is the result?

Given all the problems with the fact that the engine is slowly gaining momentum, it will be advisable to make a diagnostic verification as soon as possible for errors. Urgently, such a procedure must be carried out, in the case when "Check" lights up on the tidy.

Rarely there are cases when the engine does not develop turnover due to the failure of the ECU. Such troubles may arise due to the engine washing and the combustible diagnostic service of the firmware.

The result of such an intervention is the inadequate perception of the ECU of turns: low are accepted for high, and vice versa. Maximum power internal combustion engine can be obtained subject to timely regulationsprovided by the manufacturer and other equally important service events.

In this article, we will consider several distributed diesel engine malfunctions, and possible methods for eliminating their forces. And also deal with what these faults may appear in the diesel engine.

Diesel engine does not pull (does not develop full power), But at the same time he does not smoke.

The most common causes of such a fault are to reduce the patency of the coarse filter of fuel in the car's tank and reduce the passability of the fuel purification filter. Many conscientious drivers change fuel filter After a certain mileage of the machine, as the factory manufacturer prescribes the factory. But we forget that any factory manufacturer imported foreign cars writes the filter replacement time, calculating that the machine will be operated on a normal European fuel.

They never may come to mind that the fuel may be dirt or water, which in our domestic fuel ordinary phenomenon. Therefore, so as not to harm the engine and not lose power, the fuel filter should be changed twice as often, especially if you visit remote refills somewhere in the outback. And it is best to upgrade the fuel system of a diesel engine, as described in.

To make sure of such a fault, you need to change the regular opaque fuel line, which comes from the fuel filter to the TNVD, on the transparent hose (as in the photo on the left), which will be very useful in the further operation of the car (after replacing the hose, and the fuel filter will also need Pour the fuel system, that is, remove the air, how to do it).

After replacing the hose (fuel line) on transparent, and pumping the fuel system, we start the engine, and if the fuel filter is clogged, then the circulating air bubbles will be visible during the operation of the motor in the transparent hose, and with raising diesel revolutions, they will be visible more clearly. Moreover, from the presence of these air bubbles in the fuel system, the diesel engine can work with interruptions ("Troit"), naturally the engine power is lost.

We get rid of such a malfunction to the replacement of the fine cleaning filter, but before that it will be useful to unscrew the fuel tube at the bottom of the fuel tank and drain sucks. It will also be useful to clean the mud and a filter of coarse fuel purification (a mesh in the form of a barrel), located in the gas tank.

For this, many machines have a special hatcher (one in which there is a fitting for connecting the fuel hose), unscrewing which can be reached before the filter of coarse fuel purification. After all these operations, it will be necessary to pump the fuel system to remove air from it (how to do it click on the link above and read).

At idle and medium speeds, diesel works fine, and at high speeds it works with interruptions ("Troit").

Such a trouble may be due to malfunction of the engine of the engine (timing), as well as due to suction in the fuel system of air, well, or because of the above-described loss of the fuel filter (the filter is clogged with mud).

To begin with, you will be convinced whether the fuel filter is to blame for this fuel filter or not and whether it is worth changing it. To do this, disconnect the fuel hose from the filter fitting (I hope you have already replaced it to transparent), which goes to the pump. That end of the hose that you removed from the filter fitting, lower the bottle with clean diesel fuel And now get the engine.

If the diesel will now work in all modes (on any revolutions) normally without interruption, it means that the malfunction was precisely because of the dirty filter of fine cleaning and should be replaced. If the fault does not disappear, then try to clean the brute cleaning filter, located in the fuel tank (I wrote above). Do not forget only then pump the fuel system.

If, after that, the fault does not disappear, and the fine cleaning filter is worth a new one, and the coarse filter in the tank you are cleaned, then note (when the motor) are there any air bubbles in the transparent fuel hose. If so, it is possible that the fuel system in which place is not a leak and in it.

Check all the compounds of metal and rubber fuel lines and tank fittings, the pump, the return hose (including under the bottom of the car), possibly somewhere you need to pull the clamp, or replace the rubber hose cracked from time to time. Typically, the leaks are clearly visible according to the characteristic wet fuel. After eliminating leaks, the fuel system should be pumped (remove air).

If you have replaced and cleaned all filters, and air bubbles when the engine is not observed in the hose (and everything is hermetically), but still diesel with maximum speed (or above average) works with interruptions ("Troit"), then it remains to be checked (which remains By the way, it can "float" due to the malfunction of the valve mechanism), as well as it is worth checking and adjust the thermal gaps in the valves (how to do it).

But it happens it does not help, and requires valves or restoration of their geometry. But before removing the head for repair, it should be determined due to which the compression disappears - due to the leakage of the valve mechanism or due to the wear of the piston.

How to do this I have already written and you can read about it. If you are not able to eliminate all of the above faults, you should contact the services of specialists so that they repaired the engine head and restored normal work Timing.

On more modern diesel engines, in the head of which valve hydraulic components are installed, interruptions in the engine operation may be due to the malfunction of the hydrocompensators, for example, if some of them jammed due to dirty oil. In general, such dieselks love better oil and more frequent replacement (and filter too), as well as turbo-diesel engines.

To eliminate the enclosure of the hydrocompensator, in any case, it will have to disassemble the head, followed by washing or replacing parts (if there are scales on them).

When operating a diesel engine, it knocks, and if you sequentially disconnect the fuels from the nozzles, then the knock disappears.

Such a malfunction may arise due to the failure of some kind of nozzle (for example, a nozzle needle can jam in the open position). Determine the nozzle of which cylinder has failed, if you can disconnect the high pressure fuelings from the nozzles.

Well, the last reason, because of which the diesel can smoke and not develop full power, it is unsatisfactory work of nozzles (for example, wear and loss of tightness of the needle and her saddle - I wrote in the diagnosis and repair of nozzles on your own), but before you twist From the engine and lead to specialists for testing (crimping), first follow the actions described above, starting with the replacement of the air filter.

By the way, I advise you to clarify the mileage of your car, I mean real mileage (How to find out the real mileage,), as on modern diesel engines with the Common Rail system, modern electrohydraulic, or piezoelectric nozzles (I wrote about them) to be taught on our domestic fuel as a rule no more than 150 - 200 thousand km. And if there is not a small mileage on your odometer, as described slightly above, and the car is modern, that is, with the Common Rail fuel system, the diagnosis of nozzles is uniquely needed.

This is not all possible malfunctions of a fairly running diesel engine, and the ways to eliminate them, there are others, but I will try to tell about them in one of the following articles (I find an article).

I hope this article will help those drivers who love to eliminate most of the malfunctions of the diesel engine, and all the car do it yourself, good luck to everyone.