Stuttgart. The six-cylinder Porsche's opposite engine is awarded the "Engine Year" premium. This year, the international jury was awarded the prestigious 2,7-liter engine of Boxster and Cayman car, stated in the engine category from 2.5 to three liters. "Excellent engine for a great car. This "heart" Porsche combines technical perfection, sports characteristics and impressive economy, "so justifies the decision of the jury Dean Slavic, which represents the magazine" Engine Technology International Magazine ". This British magazine presents awards for outstanding engines for 15 years. The jury also noted the elasticity, technical characteristics and smooth operation of the smallest in the volume of the Porsche opposite engine.
This sports engine with a reduced working volume is created on the basis of the 3.4-liter engine. In Cayman, it works with the DoppelkupPplung (PDK) gearbox and develops the power of 275 hp. (202 kW), consumed in the cycle of NEFZ 7.7 liters of fuel per 100 km (180 g / km CO2). In its liter power, component of 101.6 hp / l, this six-cylinder engine is superior to the magic sport engine
the limit is 100 hp per liter volume.
Thus, the Porsche's opposite engine has been the winner among the best engines in the world for the fourth time. In 2007, Porsche won in the category of engines from three to four liters, submitting a Porsche 911 Turbo force unit to the court. In 2008, the victory in the class of engines without limiting the working volume won a 3.6-liter opposite engine with a superior capacity of 480 hp In 2009, the 3.8-liter six-cylinder engine 911 Carrera S. The best engines of the year in various categories were determined by 87 authoritative journalists of specialized publications from 35 countries. In addition to the power, fuel consumption, technical characteristics and comfort, journalists were assessed and used promising technologies.
Advantages: Compact and lightweight, spinning to high revolutions and smooth in work - for 50 years
This year, Porsche 911 and a six-cylinder opposite engine note its 50th anniversary. The main advantages of the engine are flat shape, low weight and compactness. The six-cylinder opposite engine is characterized by smooth operation. It does not have the so-called free moments and forces. In addition, the opposite engines are very well suited in order to reduce the center of gravity of the car. This is also facilitated by the horizontally cylinders. And the lower the center of gravity is located, the sports will be the challenges of the car.
One of the most remarkable characteristics of six-cylinder Porsche's opposite engines was reduced fuel consumption compared to the engine power. The basis of this excellent efficiency is the overall concept taken from motor racing. This concept involves the use of lightweight structures, easy spinning to high revolutions and high specific power due to the improved gas exchange process.
It was the basic characteristics of these engines that caused the decision in favor of the opposite six-cylinder engine at the appearance of the first 911. As a result, a six-cylinder air-cooled opposite engine was developed, with an axial fan - due to the high speed of rotation and to ensure increased smooth operation - and high-location distribution shafts . For the operating volume of the engine, two liters were first selected with the possibility of a subsequent increase of up to 2.7 liters. At that time, none of the specialists of Porsche could even assume that the engine of this type in its basic form lasts until 1998 and that its working volume will increase to 3.8 liters.
World premiere of 1963: a two-liter engine with a capacity of 130 hp
During its global premiere at the international exhibition in Frankfurt am Main IAA in 1963, the first 911, called another 901, was equipped with a two-liter six-cylinder opposite engine with a capacity of 130 hp. at 6100 rpm. The success of this new sports car forced the Porsche company about a more powerful engine, and already in 1967 a 911 S debit with a 160 hp engine was held. at 6600 rpm. Soon after that, the base model received the designation 911 L,
And later - 911 E. Special pride in engineers then caused the fact that, despite the more powerful engine and a liter power of 90 hp, the service life of the force aggregate 911 S was not reduced.
911 took the robust position in the world market not only due to its powerful engine, but also due to progressive technologies. In 1968, for the first time for the US market, Porsche has released a sports car equipped with a low-toxicity engine. At the same time, Porsche managed to do this not to the detriment of the power and with the provision of almost the same comfort, as well as to fulfill the requirements of American laws to toxicity exhaust, namely, especially strict provisions operating in California. The decrease in toxicity was due to the removal of exhaust gases into the inlet system and in thermal actors. Porsche became the first European enterprise, where test stands were established for design work.
By the fall of 1968, Porsche began to produce a mechanical injection system of gasoline fuel with a six-ceramic pump. Together with the increase in the working volume of its engines, it increased their power and torque. In 1969, the six-cylinder engine first became 2.2 liters, and two years later - 2,4-liter. As a result, the power of the engines 911 s increased first to 180 hp, and then up to 190 hp In 1971, the compression ratio was lowered so that all 911 could drive around the world on gasoline with octane number 91. In close cooperation with Bosch Porsche, developed an improved system of permanent injection K-Jetronic, which for the first time began to be applied in 1972 in the designed For the US market models.
In 1974, the debut of the first serial sports car with a turbocharger 911 Turbo took place
In 1973, engines with a working volume of 2.7 liters, capable of working on non-determined gasoline with octane number of 91, began to be installed on a generation 911 models of 91. Thereby, the Porsche company reaffirmed once again that sports cars can be environmentally friendly. In 1974, the premiere of the legendary car was held: Porsche introduced 911 Turbo - the first serial sports car with a turbocharger. The company's engineers applied their rich experience in engines of racing cars when developing jets with a superior for serial cars. As the basis of the engine was taken by the power unit 911 Carrera RS 3.0 with a capacity of 260 hp, with a torque of 343 nm, an overclocking car to the maximum speed of more than 250 km / h.
Work on the further improvement of the six-cylinder engine was accompanied by a gradual increase in working volume and capacity using the most modern technologies for cleaning the exhaust gases. The first opposite engines with the neutralizer and the function of adjusting the exhaust gases are Porsche released in 1980. Three years later, she presented a new generation of atmospheric engines with a 3.2 liter working volume and with digital electronics. Now all the engines were prepared for operation on unleaded gasoline with octane number 91 - in many European countries of this fuel, then there was still no. However, when it appeared, it was possible to quickly adapt to new conditions. In 1988, Porsche once again improved the combustion processes and developed a cylinder head with two ignition candles per cylinder.
The top of the technical progress was the Opposite air-cooled air-cooled engine with a 3.8 liter working volume for the 993 series, which in the top model 1995 911 Carrera RS developed 300 hp The small series was released 911 GT2, developed on the basis of the experience gained with participation in the car racing. First, its 3.6-liter double turbocharge engine developed 430 hp, and the engine of the 1998 model range has already developed 450 hp. Two turbocharging systems was equipped and
911 Turbo. Equipped to the same system for monitoring the toxicity of exhaust Gas OBD II, he became a real world premiere. 408 hp engine It was developed based on a 3.6-liter atmospheric engine. However, he was subjected to such a comprehensive modification, which one can say that he had his own individual design.
In 1996, the world premiere of the first six-cylinder Porsche with water-cooled PORSCHE engine
A real breakthrough in the history of the creation of six-cylinder Porsche's opposite engines was the drive of a new Boxter model, whose world premiere was held in 1996. For the first time, Porsche applied a water-cooled power unit with a working capacity of 2.5 liters and a capacity of 204 hp. More not bound by restrictions caused by a former six-cylinder engine with air-cooled, the developers set the cylinder head with two camshafts and four valves per cylinder to a new power unit. A year later, a new 911 model range of 996 appeared, equipped with a water-cooled engine. This 3,4-liter power unit was significantly shorter than its predecessor and, above all, more flat. Its capacity was 300 hp, and its rotational speed was much higher compared to the atmospheric engine. In addition, there was an opportunity to adjust the camshafts on the inlet, and a system for adjusting the Variocam gas distribution phases. Two years later, this system was supplemented with the switching system of the valve stroke. Since then, she is called Variocam Plus. However, the most important characteristics remained unchanged: a six-cylinder engine, a crankshaft on seven supports, a two-mask flywheel and divided into the longitudinal direction of the engine. A new 911 turbo was also translated into water cooling. In 2000, a new 420 hp engine was installed on it. Work on the increase in working volume and capacity was obtained, as a result of which 3.6- and 3.8-liter 355 hp opposite engines appeared in the mid-2000s.
In 2008, 911 Carrera and 911 Carrera S received gasoline engines with direct injection developed from a pure sheet. With the same working volume they developed 345 hp and 385 hp From the same family, engines for Boxster and Cayman were taken. Reducing the working volume of engines to increase the efficiency of fuel consumption has become, starting from about 2008, the main task of engine developers. On the basis of the knowledge taken from various areas, Porsche has developed a new technique for the 911st model range of 991, which appeared in 2011: so the opposite engine in 911 Carrera with a capacity of 350 hp I received a working volume of 3.4 liters instead of the previous 3.6 liters. And the engine Carrera S with a capacity of 400 hp became 3.8-liter. Both models make it clear that the model range 991 was focused on the maximum efficiency in terms of fuel consumption: by the specific mass of 3.5 kilograms on hp, new
911 Carrera S is ahead of its main competitors. The highest figures 911 Carrera and 911 Carrera S are demonstrated by fuel consumption in the NEFZ cycle: in 911 Carrera it is 8.2 liters per 100 kilometers (194 g / km CO2), and
911 Carrera S It is 8.7 liters per 100 kilometers (205 g / km CO2) when each of them is working with Porsche Doppelkupplung gearbox.
Boxster and Cayman are presented in the segment of double roadster and coupe and have engines with similar technical specifications. For his 2.7-liter engines, they became winners in their category and were awarded the "Engine" award. The Boxster runs the engine with a capacity of 265 hp and consumes as much fuel as the power unit at Cayman with a similar power. Boxster S and Cayman S are equipped with a 3.4-liter engine, which develops 315 hp in the roadster, and in the sports coupe - 325 hp With the PDK gearbox, they are consumed in the NEFZ 8.0 l / 100 km cycle (188 g / km CO2).
All this company Porsche proves: a six-cylinder opposite engine is not yesterday. And an excellent base for the development of effective sports engines of the future.
Porsche Boxster / Cayman: Fuel consumption in the urban cycle of 12.2 - 10.6 l / 100 km; outside the city 6.9 - 5.9 l / 100 km; in a mixed cycle of 8.8 - 7.7 l / 100 km; CO2 emissions 206 - 180 g / km
Note: The photo material is at the disposal of accredited journalists in the Porsche press data bank on the Internet at the address
It begins at the beginning of the 60s with a market output of the model 901. Since in the 20s of the 20th century Peugeot exceptional right to use the digital designation with zero in the names of models with zero in the middle only, the Germans had to change the name of the sports car at 911. Over the years, with each subsequent generation, the car has evolved in a technical plan, but the style still remained faithful to traditions.
Model 997 debuted in 2004 on the Frankfurt Motor Show, changing the controversial 996. Given the wishes of customers, the designers returned the pharmaces of the old style and shape. After the premiere, the versions of the vehicle optimized under certain conditions were gradually proposed - GT3, GT3 RS, TURBO GT2 and GT2 RS.
In 2009, Porsche 911 was upgraded. What changed? First of all, headlights, rear lights, bumper. In addition to stylistic transformations, the suspension was finalized, the engine is reinforced, and the Tiptronic S automatic transmission is replaced with a robotic double-grip PDK. Since 2012, it began to gradually refuse to produce individual versions of Porsche 911 997, replacing them with new generation 991.
Engines
Only gasoline opposite motors were used as force aggregates.
B6 3.6 L (325-345 hp) 911 Carrera, 911 Carrera 4, 911
B6 3.6 liters (415 hp) 911 GT3 / 911 GT3 RS
B6 3.6 l Burbo (480, 530-620 hp) 911 Turbo, 911 GT2, 911 GT2 RS
B6 3.8 L (435-450 hp) 911 GT3, 911 GT3 RS
3.8 l B6 (355, 381, 385-408 hp) 911 Carrera, 911 Carrera 4S, 911 Carrera GTS
B6 Buturbo 3.8 L (500-530 hp) 911 TURBO, 911 Turbo s
B6 4.0 l (500 hp) 911 GT3 RS 4.0
In the case of Porsche 911, there has never been, no, we hope you will never have any compromises. This is a real sports car, like its engines. Every of them could be written a separate article, but so far we will present them in general.
Dynamics? Even nonspecialists know that Porsche leaves most cars on the traffic light. The basic version accelerates to 100 km / h in just 5 seconds, and the fastest Porsche 911 does it for a while just over 3 seconds. It is less, what is capable of Nissan GT-R. Even the weakest engines allow you to reach the maximum speed of 280 km / h, and the top versions are 320-330 km / h.
The most weak point of the Porsche engine is the intermediate bearing of the IMS shaft. Its destruction can lead to serious damage to the engine. Fortunately, in contrast to the predecessor, the problem is not so large and touched upon a small amount of cars. Symptoms: uneven operation of the engine and metal sawdust on the oil filter. There are also some cases of damage to cylinders. However, this time, the problem was touched by a small number of Porsche 911. However, relatively often it is necessary to change the failed coil and tensioner of the drive belt of the attachments of the attachments along with the pulley.
Nevertheless, in most cases, the engines practically do not deliver problems with regular maintenance. Mileage over 250,000 km without malfunctions is no exception. Depending on the style of driving, the average fuel consumption lies within 11-13 liters per 100 km.
Technical features
Porsche 911 engine is placed behind the rear axle. The drive depending on the modification can be both rear and complete. The choice was offered three gearboxes: the 6-speed mechanical, 5-speed automatic and 7-speed automated with double adhesion PDK. On the front axis of the MacPherson rack, and on the rear system of independent levers. Since the Security Institute Euroncap did not check this car, the level of its safety is unknown.
Typical malfunctions
From one of the views of Porsche 911, many potential buyers lose their heads. However, the choice of used car of this kind requires a cold head and attentiveness. Otherwise, you can get to the mini slow motion, which will rapidly empty your wallet or, even worse, will drive into debts.
What should I pay attention to? First of all, on the clutch and drive shafts. No strength steering tips and thrust, but these are non-serious defects. It is also necessary to carefully examine the engine and transmission for the subject, especially around the main axis of the RMS (the rear seal of the crankshaft). In addition, oil leaks are found through oil cooler (weakens the mount) and problems with the cooling system (cracking of the nozzles and the failure of the pump).
Inspecting the car on the lift, pay attention to the state of the silent blocks of the rear suspension. Since the engine is behind, it is this part of the chassis subjected to more rapid wear. Monitoring the status of springs and shock absorbers - another mandatory checkpoint.
What else can refuse? For example, the header of the audio system that stops returning the discs. Often, Porsche 911 owners complain about noise from speakers. Most often, the reason for this is a faulty amplifier. A rather unpleasant problem is the flowing hatch on the roof. Sometimes stopped functioning the retractable cup holders or internal door handles, but these are trivia.
Conclusion
Porsche 911 997, although he managed to take a little in large Russian cities, but still remains the object of the rehabils of many motorists and not only. When choosing and buying a car, it is not necessary to completely surrender to emotions. Careful check is very important. Otherwise, you will be forced to regularly visit car services.
In terms of reliability, sports car is quite stable. According to the results of the TUV inspections, the technical condition of the car is significantly better than comparable models of the same age. The body never has problems with rust due to galvanized. Avoid instances imported from the United States. Often they are carelessly restored after the accident.
By purchasing Porsche 911, you must be prepared for high cost of operation. While the main components are not too expensive, you will have to relatively often travel to gas stations and regularly change tires, brake discs and pads.
The prestigious Award "Engine of the Year" received a 2.7-liter engine of Boxster and Cayman car. What is the secret of success?
"Excellent engine for a great car. This "heart" Porsche combines technical perfection, sports characteristics and impressive economy, "so justifies the decision of the jury Dean Slavic, which represents the magazine" Engine Technology International Magazine ". This British magazine presents awards for outstanding engines for 15 years. The jury also noted the elasticity, technical characteristics and smooth operation of the smallest in the volume of the Porsche opposite engine.
This sports engine with a reduced working volume is created on the basis of the 3.4-liter engine. In Cayman, it works with the DoppelkupPplung (PDK) gearbox and develops the power of 275 hp. (202 kW), consumed in the cycle of NEFZ 7.7 liters of fuel per 100 km (180 g / km CO 2). By its liter power, component of 101.6 hp / l, this six-cylinder engine exceeds the magic limit set for sports engine - 100 hp per liter volume.
Thus, the Porsche's opposite engine has been the winner among the best engines in the world for the fourth time. In 2007, Porsche won in the category of engines from three to four liters, submitting a Porsche 911 Turbo force unit to the court. In 2008, the victory in the class of engines without limiting the working volume won a 3.6-liter opposite engine with a superior capacity of 480 hp In 2009, the 3.8-liter six-cylinder engine 911 Carrera S. The best engines of the year in various categories were determined by 87 authoritative journalists of specialized publications from 35 countries. In addition to the power, fuel consumption, technical characteristics and comfort, journalists were assessed and used promising technologies.
Advantages: Compact and lightweight, spinning to high revolutions and smooth in work - for 50 years
This year, Porsche 911 and a six-cylinder opposite engine note its 50th anniversary. The main advantages of the engine are flat shape, low weight and compactness. The six-cylinder opposite engine is characterized by smooth operation. It does not have the so-called free moments and forces. In addition, the opposite engines are very well suited in order to reduce the center of gravity of the car. This is also facilitated by the horizontally cylinders. And the lower the center of gravity is located, the sports will be the challenges of the car.
One of the most remarkable characteristics of six-cylinder Porsche's opposite engines was reduced fuel consumption compared to the engine power. The basis of this excellent efficiency is the overall concept taken from motor racing. This concept involves the use of lightweight structures, easy spinning to high revolutions and high specific power due to the improved gas exchange process.
It was the basic characteristics of these engines that caused the decision in favor of the opposite six-cylinder engine at the appearance of the first 911. As a result, a six-cylinder air-cooled opposite engine was developed, with an axial fan - due to the high speed of rotation and to ensure increased smooth operation - and high-location distribution shafts . For the operating volume of the engine, two liters were first selected with the possibility of a subsequent increase of up to 2.7 liters. At that time, none of the specialists of Porsche could even assume that the engine of this type in its basic form lasts until 1998 and that its working volume will increase to 3.8 liters.
World premiere of 1963: 2-liter PORSCHE power engine
130 hp
During its global premiere at the international exhibition in Frankfurt am Main IAA in 1963, the first 911, called another 901, was equipped with a two-liter six-cylinder opposite engine with a capacity of 130 hp. at 6100 rpm. The success of this new sports car forced the Porsche company about a more powerful engine, and already in 1967 a 911 S debit with a 160 hp engine was held. at 6600 rpm. Soon after that, the base model received the designation 911 L, and later - 911 E. Special pride of engineers then caused the fact that, despite the more powerful engine and liter power of 90 hp, the term of the power unit 911 s did not decrease.
911 took the robust position in the world market not only due to its powerful engine, but also due to progressive technologies. In 1968, for the first time for the US market, Porsche has released a sports car equipped with a low-toxicity engine. At the same time, Porsche managed to do this not to the detriment of the power and with the provision of almost the same comfort, as well as to fulfill the requirements of American laws to toxicity exhaust, namely, especially strict provisions operating in California. The decrease in toxicity was due to the removal of exhaust gases into the inlet system and in thermal actors. Porsche became the first European enterprise, where test stands were established for design work.
By the fall of 1968, Porsche began to produce a mechanical injection system of gasoline fuel with a six-ceramic pump. Together with the increase in the working volume of its engines, it increased their power and torque. In 1969, the six-cylinder engine first became 2.2-liter, and two years later - 2.4-liter. As a result, the power of the engines 911 s increased first to 180 hp, and then up to 190 hp In 1971, the compression ratio was lowered so that all 911 could drive around the world on gasoline with octane number 91. In close cooperation with Bosch Porsche, developed an improved system of permanent injection K-Jetronic, which for the first time began to be applied in 1972 in the designed For the US market models.
In 1974, the debut of the first serial sports car with a turbocharger 911 Turbo took place
In 1973, engines with a 27 liter working volume were installed on a generation class G of 911, capable of working on non-determined gasoline with octane number 91. Thus, Porsche reaffirmed once again that sports cars can be environmentally friendly. In 1974, the premiere of the legendary car was held: Porsche introduced 911 Turbo - the first serial sports car with a turbocharger. The company's engineers applied their rich experience in engines of racing cars when developing jets with a superior for serial cars. As the basis of the engine was taken by the power unit 911 Carrera RS 3.0 with a capacity of 260 hp, with a torque of 343 nm, an overclocking car to the maximum speed of more than 250 km / h.
Work on the further improvement of the six-cylinder engine was accompanied by a gradual increase in working volume and capacity using the most modern technologies for cleaning the exhaust gases. The first opposite engines with the neutralizer and the function of adjusting the exhaust gases are Porsche released in 1980. After three years, she presented a new generation of atmospheric engines with a working volume of 3.2 liters and with digital electronics. Now all the engines were prepared for operation on unleaded gasoline with octane number 91 - in many European countries of this fuel, then there was still no. However, when it appeared, it was possible to quickly adapt to new conditions. In 1988, Porsche once again improved the combustion processes and developed a cylinder head with two ignition candles per cylinder.
The top of the technical progress was the Opposite air-cooled air-cooled engine with a 3.8 liter working volume for the 993 series, which in the top model 1995 911 Carrera RS developed 300 hp The small series was released 911 GT2, developed on the basis of the experience gained with participation in the car racing. First, its 3.6-liter double turbocharge engine developed 430 hp, and the engine of the 1998 model range has already developed 450 hp The two turbocharge systems were equipped with 911 Turbo. Equipped to the same system for monitoring the toxicity of exhaust Gas OBD II, he became a real world premiere. 408 hp engine It was developed based on a 3.6-liter atmospheric engine. However, he was subjected to such a comprehensive modification, which one can say that he had his own individual design.
In 1996, the world premiere of the first six-cylinder Porsche with water-cooled PORSCHE engine
A real breakthrough in the history of the creation of six-cylinder Porsche's opposite engines was the drive of a new Boxter model, whose world premiere was held in 1996. For the first time, Porsche applied a water-cooled power unit with a 2.5 liter working capacity and a capacity of 204 hp More not bound by restrictions caused by a former six-cylinder engine with air-cooled, the developers set the cylinder head with two camshafts and four valves per cylinder to a new power unit. A year later, a new 911 model range of 996 appeared, equipped with a water-cooled engine. This 3,4-liter power unit was significantly shorter than its predecessor and, above all, more flat. Its capacity was 300 hp, and its rotational speed was much higher compared to the atmospheric engine. In addition, there was an opportunity to adjust the camshafts on the inlet, and a system for adjusting the Variocam gas distribution phases. Two years later, this system was supplemented with the switching system of the valve stroke. Since then, she is called Variocam Plus. However, the most important characteristics remained unchanged: a six-cylinder engine, a crankshaft on seven supports, a two-mask flywheel and divided into the longitudinal direction of the engine. A new 911 turbo was also translated into water cooling. In 2000, a new 420 hp engine was installed on it. Work on an increase in working volume and capacity was obtained, as a result of which 3.6- and 3.8-liter opposite engines with a capacity of 355 hp appeared in the mid-2000s.
In 2008, 911 Carrera and 911 Carrera S received gasoline engines with direct injection developed from a pure sheet. With the same working volume they developed 345 hp and 385 hp From the same family, engines for Boxster and Cayman were taken. Reducing the working volume of engines to increase the efficiency of fuel consumption has become, starting from about 2008, the main task of engine developers. On the basis of the knowledge taken from various areas, Porsche has developed a new technique for the 911st model range of 991, which appeared in 2011: so the opposite engine in 911 Carrera with a capacity of 350 hp I received a working volume of 3.4 liters instead of the previous 3.6 liters. And the engine Carrera S with a capacity of 400 hp Became 3.8-liter. Both models make it clear that the model range 991 was focused on the maximum efficiency in terms of fuel consumption: at the specific mass of 3.5 kilograms on HP, the new 911 Carrera S is ahead of its main competitors. The highest figures 911 Carrera and 911 Carrera S are demonstrated by fuel consumption in the NEFZ cycle: at 911 Carrera, it is 8.2 liters per 100 kilometers (194 g / km CO 2), and at 911 Carrera S it is 8.7 liters on 100 kilometers (205 g / km CO 2) When each of them is working with Porsche Doppelkupplung gearbox.
Boxster and Cayman are presented in the segment of double roadster and coupe and have engines with similar technical specifications. For their 2.7-liter engines, they became winners in their category and were awarded the "Engine" award. The Boxster runs the engine with a capacity of 265 hp and consumes as much fuel as the power unit at Cayman with a similar power. Boxster S and Cayman S are equipped with a 3.4-liter engine, which develops 315 hp in the roadster, and in the sports coupe - 325 hp With PDK gearbox, they are consumed in the NEFZ 8.0 l / 100 km cycle (188 g / km CO 2).
All this company Porsche proves: a six-cylinder opposite engine is not yesterday. And an excellent base for the development of effective sports engines of the future.
This model built by siblings of the hero of engineering battles Ferdinand Porsche, Ferry and Bootsi, saw the light at the end of September 1963. Rather, I have not seen yet: people showed only a model in full size, the car itself was built a little later. The disputes of the creators around her did not sink for a minute, but when the last camp was twisted, everyone unanimously decided that the model did not even need the test. In the autumn of the 64th, a new sports coupe went on sale, and the audience recognized him as an ideal. And although Porsche 911 exists in seven generations and is still released, we decided to write about the most prominent modifications of this car.
Country classic
"Nine Eleventh" model was conceived by Ferry Porsche, as a more advanced version of the Porsche 356 sports car. The son of the famous inventor, he saw her father's heritage, Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche GmbH, the most innovative building of the European automotive industry, so always sought to be ahead of competitors. Already together with your son, Buku, he came up with the appearance of a new car that continued the tradition of the Great Ferdinand, whose cars have proven so well among speed lovers. Coupe 911 was a new round in the evolution of the Porsche model range - a car was more powerful, more comfortable and faster than two previous cars. Back in 1959, Ferry and Bootsi showed his sketches to Erwin Komden engineer, who brought to mind all the "crazy" projects at home Porsche. So the next scandal broke out, not fading 4 years ...
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Gerru Komdenda did not immediately like the design of a new sports accumulation: the sloping nose, the "smallest" headlights, almost the complete lack of horizontal planes - almost everything indicated here to the relationship of the project with a model 356 and stuffed by Oskomina "Beetle". To bring these cars to mind, Erwin has spent hundreds of thousands of nerve cells at one time, and therefore would rather agree to resuming the blockade of the Allies, just again not to take such work again. In his favor, he led weighty arguments, arguing that the rear-engine layout exhausted himself, and that with the body, which is offered by Porsche, do not wrap problems at the stage of mass production. Ferry and Bootsi were listened to the master, but they did not refuse their ideas. As a result, the Commenda took more than two years to optimize the technological capabilities of assembly shops for the new body.
The whole technical base, bring to mind that Erwin had to be able to "nine hundred and eleventh" inheritance from the previous developments of the Porsche family. This is the opposite air cooling engine located in the feed of the machine, and rear-wheel drive, and torsions as elastic suspension elements.
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When the body of the new Porsche was shown at the Frankfurt Motor Show 1963, the splaspers only laughed at the mustache. The engine was not yet ready, but the competitors were already confident that the song of Stuttgart Enthusiasts Speta. According to most of the automotive industries, the engine with rear engine is already outdated, and only unknown mass engines like Volkswagen could exploit this idea. However, already by the 65th model year, the release of a new sports accumulation with a glittering horse on the hood was established, and the administration of Porsche A.G. Put orders. The demand for "nine hundred and eleventh" was so large and unchanged that surprised even the creators of this model themselves, who were able to maximize 15 years of life on assembly areas. I am sure that Ferry Porsche would be surprised even more if he found out that this year the sports unit celebrated the 63th anniversary and is still relevant!
Features:
For 25 years of release of the first generation "nine hundred and eleventh" design, no chassis, nor power units, nor body has changed. I called "advisors", claimed that the rear-line scheme is unpromising, this small and yurt machine turned into an icon of the Porsche model range. With the fact that the coupe has never been cheap, its sales level was consistently high, why Karma 911 increased in geometric progression.
Targa and Turbo.
In 1968, when passions around the "nine hundred and eleventh" thoroughly lay down, and the coupe received recognition even over the ocean, the Stuttgartians began to creat. For the US market, which they still had to conquer, Porsche engineers released 911 coupe in strange, that is, with a semi-row roof. This unusual solution was dictated by rumors that the Government of America on its roads plans to refuse to certify any new car. For security reasons, of course.
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These rumors were not confirmed, but the Americans and without them climbed the bizarre coupe-Targa, like hot cakes. Knowing that the Yankees love all the brilliant, the Porsche designers offered to this version a lot of pleasant options. You can equip a "semi-crane" with a fashionable steering wheel with a wooden rim, and a special "horned" bumper, and even a driver's mirror with a sunscreen visor! Probably all these things, including the branded beige, impressed American motorists more than the semi-automatic PPC "Sportomatic", which included 911 Targa Coupe a year later. Despite the fact that in Europe a typewriter with a semi-row roof was ready to raise the stakes, in the States she was demanding even after in Porsche A.G. Announced the replenishment of gamma bodies in the form of a real convertible.
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The turbated version in the history of the famous sports accuma appeared only in 1975, a year after the so-called large restyling. The second generation of "nine hundred and eleventh" was officially presented, already carrying the index 930. The changes concerned and the external appearance of the car, and its technological elements, although there was nothing fundamentally recycled. Now the manufacturer's greater emphasis made on passive safety and environmental friendliness of the coupe (double-circuit belts, a trauma-safe steering wheel, reinforced bumpers).
The engine in the 911 Turbo model was collected based on a new block of cylinders, however, with the same piston running as on the motor of the 72nd year of the year (70.4 mm), but cast from the new alloy and received new fasteners. Its working volume was 2.993 cm³, and power - 259 hp The power system engineers upgraded with K-Jetronic under turbocharging, replacing six intake manifolds per common, n-shaped. The turbocharger was placed on the left side of the engine compartment, and the bypass valve under it. The cooling of this engine required a more developed lubricant system, which led to an increase in the volume of oil in the system (about 12 liters for replacement!).
Features:
911 Turbo - the first successful attempt of the Porsche engineers to transfer the dynamics of the track car to a civilian sports car. Despite some technological imperfections, such as non-informative brakes and the occurrence of turboyama, even a fragile girl could cope with this machine. The granddaughter F. Porsche has repeatedly proved like this, sitting behind the wheel of the first instance of 911 Turbo, presented to her Stuttgart Company.
New jump
In the mid-80s, Porsche's house was in the state of eternal nervousness, because everyone knew that 911 the model was time to change. But no one could think about what and how. The ideal integrity of the design solutions was driven by the model in the angle. It has already been replaced by everything that can and even more: the power of the power units exceeded the reserves of the chassis modernization by almost 2.5 times! But the car with the archaic engine was still popular as 25 years ago. Let technologically "nine hundred and eleventh" coupe outdated, people liked it, although each new modification was less safe than the previous one ...
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The last item and moved the situation from the dead point. Requirements for passive safety of machines, mandatory for the American market, could forever overcome Porsche A.G. from its largest source of income. Stuttgart engineers needed to release a new hit, which would be superior to "nine hundred eleventh" in everything, without chanting sales of the latter. So the light saw one of the most commercially correct models, coupe 964.
All technological principles that glorified Porsche 911 were observed in the new project: the backup arrangement, the "oppositor" of air cooling, the "Eyes" streamlined body - everything was present in the new coupe, and even a little more. First, engineers produced a new chassis. Secondly, for better safety, the internal structure of the car body was recycled. Thirdly, Stuttgartians finally began to introduce popular electronic technologies in their model range. So, in 1987, the favorite of the best car rods on both sides of the ocean received the ABS and the power steering. Perhaps, in this moment, Porsche 911 ATheist Fans first assumed ...
Features:
Among other things, model 964 received a new engine with a volume of 3.6 liters. So in the model series "nine hundred and eleventh" a car appeared, on the front wheels of which the part of the torque was received. This untied the hand engineers for all-wheel drive experiments, the crown of which was the track version of Carrera 4. In addition, the motor got the most "evil" turbine in history, revealed 360 hp!
The last of the opposite
In their opposite research, Stuttgart engineers rose to an inaccessible height. The turbated engine model with an index 993 Even Everest exceeded the steepness, developing more than 400 hp. The number of injection elements here has doubled, and the gear has become six. A hundred such an apparatus could be done for a pitiful 4.2 seconds. And all this - in 1995, comrades!
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But this record holder-heavyweight represented a serious danger to drivers with the wind in the head. The car demanded from its owner of the maximum concentration on the road, especially when he overcame the high-speed border of the second hundred kilometers. To make life easier, the manufacturer has equipped this coupe with a new multi-dimensional suspension and on-board computer, able to keep track that the 993r did not ask for the rear wheel when protracted turns. The effect of the rear "sledgehammer", characteristic of turbotchets, was also less, but the danger continued to lie down the hearing pilot. For errors, this "oppositor" punched strictly.
The crown of the creation of the model series Porsche 911 was a coupe with an index 997. In any case, until the seventh generation appeared in 2013 it was. Having an external similarity with the cars of previous generations, this model differs from them dramatically, since its body panels were reinstalled. Due to the extensive use of aluminum and high-strength steel in the design, this Porsche has reached high tone stiffeners together with a significant decrease in the total mass. Also, the 997th received active shock absorbers controlled by electronics four-wheel drive, reference ergonomics, as well as a 7-range transmission-robot with two clips, allowed to change the transmissions for the hundredth fraction of a second.
Features:
Smart electronics came to the house of Porsche with a delay, but the Stuttgartians convictedly missed in the blink of an eye. Now their sports cars are one of the fastest and safest in the world. And the track specimens and turned into murderers of speed at all. What kind of adorable sometimes there are automobile metamorphoses ...
Epilogue
What do you think the reader is under the usual car to change the world? For example, the editorial board of Forbes magazine, do not be fools, considers it this way, recognizing Porsche 911 one of the ten cars that made it. And the international jury of the competition "Car Century" awarded him the fifth place, immediately after a relative, VW Kafer. The overall circulation of this model exceeded 250 thousand copies, which makes it the most massive sports car in history. And no matter how talked by D. Clarkson in his exceptions to the leading of Top Gear, arguing that "Porsche a.G. body engineers. - The most lazy people in business, the last half a century do nothing ", the heritage" nine hundred and eleventh "coupe is difficult to overestimate.
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