In order for the diesel engine well and worked well for a long time, it is necessary to maintain it regularly. Mostly, this service is to change the oil and filters. In modern automotive, five types of filters are used: oil, fuel, air, cabin and scenic. All filters have their own service life and are replaced. Follow the condition of filters in the car is necessary with each maintenance, since the operation of the engine and transmission directly depends on their state, as well as the health of the driver and passengers. Unreasonable replacement can lead to serious consequences and enough expensive repair. The replacement frequency directly depends on the operating conditions of the car, and, as a rule, is regulated by the manufacturer.
Butter
Due to the presence of sulfur in the fuel, as well as the effects of high temperatures and pressure, the diesel engine more actively pollutes the oil in the lubrication system than gasoline. Check the oil level at least once a week! It is not worthwhile to be surprised by his black color - this is normal.
Oil filter
A special paper with high porosity is used as a filtering material in this filter. It is impregnated with phenol formaldehyde resins to impart a filtering element of water resistance. The bypass valve provides an oil in the engine in cases where it does not skip the filter element. This is possible if the element is contaminated, with a sharp increase in crankshaft revolutions or during the thickening of the oil, for example, in the cold. The check valve must hold the oil in the filter when the engine is not working to provide a quick pressure lift in the system when the engine is started.
The filter check valve can be made as a rubber ring of alternating section, the elastic properties of which are lost over time. In this case, after stopping the engine, the oil from the filter merges, and upon subsequent startup of the pressure in the lubrication system, it will not be filled with oil again. Such delay leads to increased engine wear. There are also filters in which the check valve is made as a thin rubber disk. It fits tightly to the surface of the cover due to the metal spring. This design is more reliable and more durable. On the same car model, you can find filters with a different design of the check valve.
The apparent simplicity of the manufacture of filters led to an abundance in the market of filters of unknown manufacturers. Visually find between them differences are almost impossible, however, the consequences of the use of a poor-quality oil filter are not harmless. For example, if the filter housing is bursting, the oil is flowing and the engine will remain at all without oil. Such cases are found, especially in winter.
Install new oil filter It is recommended every time when the oil is replaced. Usually the interservice interval is 10-15 thousand mileage kilometers, but if the manufacturer sets another interval or the operating conditions of the car are too severe, it is better to change the filter more often.
Air filter
Air filter for cleaning atmospheric airEntering the engine. It is a peculiar "harmonic" from the filter material with seals along the edges, which do not give air to enter the engine, bypassing the filter element. Usually air filter It changes during the recommendation of the manufacturer's recommendation, but when driving on dusty roads, the need to replace may come faster. It is important not to miss the moment so as not to destroy the engine. You can check the filter yourself: just open the hood, pull out the filter and see its condition. If it is badly polluted, it is better to put a new one, without waiting for the planned then. Attempts to save some drivers and instead of replacing, flush the filter does not make any sense: it does not remove the absorbent dirt, and the fibers of the filter element will lose their bandwidth.
Salon filter.
The cabin filter is used to clean the air entering the interior of the car, and to protect the air conditioner evaporator from garbage scoring.
Air is cleaned with activated carbon, the resource of which is limited. If it is not replaced in time, the filter begins to work, delaying only mechanical impurities.
When operating a car in major cities, the cabin filter is clogged very quickly, so it should be changed as needed, and not on the recommendation in the operating book. It is possible to understand that the filter requires a replacement by the following signs: long-term fogging of brakes in wet weather; Weak air supply to the salon when the stove fan is enabled on the maximum turnover. Usually, manufacturers are recommended to replace salon filter Together with the replacement of oil - every 10 thousand kilometers.
Fuel filter
Fuel filterit is intended for additional fuel purification before it is supplied to the engine fuel line. Due to the specific fuel composition, the fuel filter is better to choose the highest quality, regardless of its cost. Many diesel engines are two fuel filters: a coarse filter (cleans fuel before serving in the fuel pump) and filter thin cleaning (Completes the cleaning of the fuel before serving in TNVD). When replacing the fuel filter, it is worth remembering about the need to replace the sealing ring on the filter housing to the leak fuel system did not worsened the engine job. If the air is still in the fuel line, it must be removed through a special valve using a manual pump installed on the pump. Many modern diesel engines have power systems that remove air automatically. In any case, each time after replacing the filter or after the fuel has ended, it is necessary to remove air bubbles from the fuel system in the dieselle, and then pump it so that the new fuel is circulated in the fuel line. The air into the fuel system of the diesel engine falls in the case of sealing disruption, due to poorly screwed filters, clamps, as well as in the presence of cracks in hoses and highways, so the filter replacement is better to trust professionals.
Riding with a polluted fuel filter leads to clogging of the power supply system and fuel injection nozzles, which threatens the uneven operation of the engine and power loss. In the worst case, the engine will stop starting at all. Manufacturers plants recommends changing the fuel filter once every 20-25 thousand mileage kilometers, but this recommendation can only be observed when using good fuel, in our same conditions it is better to reduce this interval to 10-15 thousand kilometers.
Dairy filter
Save filters are installed on diesel cars To meet their norms Euro-5 and higher. They are used to delay soot and solid particles in automotive exhaust gases. Usually, dairy filter Clears independently on a tribal computer, but if the computer fails, the filter is clogged and the engine malfunction signal lights up on the control panel. In such cases, the filter must be cleaned or replaced. You can not do it yourself - you need to contact the service.
Other
Diesel engines having top location distribution ValaRequires replacement toothed belt Through the manufacturer of the intervals. Otherwise it is possible to break a belt and serious damage to the valves and piston group Engine: when the camshaft belt stops stops, the flywheel continues to rotate in the inertia and the pistons are beaten over the valve extended. For a quick and correct launch of a diesel engine during the cold season, you need to install an additional engine heater and a coarse filter of fuel, equipped with a moisture separator. The chimney of the engine in the cold can talk about failure in the operation of the TNVD, the leakage of the fuel feed channels of the injectors, etc. If the engine begins to smoke, contact the service immediately. Repair of nozzles, adjustment of the moment of injection and other preventive work will get rid of you from more severe and expensive repairs, which will inevitably need to overheat valves, pistons, and engine block heads.
In Russia, cars on dieselle are sold for a long time. Their popularity is growing thanks to the cost-effective fuel consumption. Diesel engines are considered unpretentious and reliable, so many car owners are not too worried about their condition. Much more often they check the suspension. But everything depends on the motor: both safety and driving qualities and fuel consumption.
Any competent specialist knows that the short-term diagnosis of diesel engines on a good car service will prevent dangerous breakdowns. This service is inexpensive, but its importance is not necessary to underestimate. Each engine has such details that wear out over time. You can replace them quickly. But if you ignore these measures, then such an appeal with the engine can turn into deplorable.
Diesel Engine: Care Subtleties
Experts recommend the owners of diesel cars to carefully monitor the quality of fuel. It is advisable only to certified gas stations. It is no secret that the diesel engine needs more serious care than its gasoline fellow. This is especially noticeable in winter when the diesel becomes dense due to the negative temperature and problems can be launched.
It is best to choose a good car service and regularly ride him so that knowledgeable masters control the state of your engine and gently replaced the worn items.
Special attention is paid to the selection of auto parts store. You should not buy Chinese spare parts from unknown manufacturers, even if the seller convinces you that they are "no worse than the original, but much cheaper." It is better to choose a store that directly cooperates with proven suppliers. In the absence of intermediaries, the cost of branded spare parts will be acceptable.
For each spare part, the Seller must write you a guarantee from the manufacturer. The same applies to the filters that need to be changed more often in the diesel engine than in gasoline. Only, in this case, you can quietly ride tens of thousands of kilometers, without fear that the new spare part will unexpectedly fail. With competent care, your diesel car will delight you with excellent riding qualities.
Because diesel pollutes the oil in the lubricant system faster than a gasoline engine, most car manufacturers provide more frequent oil change and filter.Special oils of diesel engines are widely available today and, judging by the reviews, are quite effective. However, any high quality motor oil for carburetor engines It is also suitable for a diesel engine, if only change it through certain intervals.
Read the label on the bank in which the manufacturer usually gives instructions to diesel engines. If you do not find anything on this label, then look at the label on the container, in which banks were packaged.
In the engines with the top camshaft, a toothed belt should be replaced at the specified intervals. Otherwise, the collision of the piston with valves is not excluded when the belt suddenly breaks. Elimination of the consequences of the latter will require you considerable financial costs. In practice, there were already cases of cliffs of belts with mileage up to 48 thousand km, but it happened as a result of oil or water from them due to depressurization of respectively lubrication and cooling systems.
However, if you try to drive, without changing the belt, after running 58 thousand km, then your reluctance to spend time on a timely replacement of the belt can turn to you in the future, much greater time and money.
To replace the fuel filter, buy the best available to you. Some filters may look outwardly well, but "badly performing their direct responsibilities."
Do not forget to also change the sealing ring on the filter housing. We also note that the diesel engine is equally difficult to prevent both fuel leakage and air seats in the fuel system that strongly violate the operation of the engine.
If the air enters the fuel lines, it may be necessary to remove it from there through a special valve using a small manual pump, usually mounted for these purposes on high pressure fuel pump.
Many modern diesel engines have nutrition systems, self-kidding air. You only need to turn the engine starter, and the air will be removed.
It is difficult to avoid moisture in the fuel filter filter, so for some diesel engines on the instrument panel, a warning lamp is provided that notifies the presence of water in the fuel system.
Usually, when the oil is replaced, it is only required to check the filter status. However, in the case of the operation of the car in difficult conditions, such as increased humidity and large differences between day and night temperatures, check the condition of filters is more often.
All diesel engines smoke, but it should not be excessive. One of the most common causes of this is a malfunction in the moment of fuel supply by a high-pressure pump, which is easily eliminated by re-adjusting the moment of injection by tags on crankshaft Vale and pump.
This work is very similar to the adjustment of the initial angle of the ignition advance on the gasoline engine. The operation can be made on a non-working engine, however, it is better to purchase a special lamp for these purposes to set the moment of injection to diesel engines, which is attached to the clamp on the fuel-feeding tube of the nozzle and flashes under the action of the jolts passing through the tube.
Another reason is the leakage of fuel through the nozzles with a loosely closed fuel feed channel, which can lead to a fuel cylinder overflow and, as a result, to excessive smoke when starting.
In addition to the overall cleaning of nozzles and replacing about 110 thousand km worn when mileage, little can be done at home to check their work. Unless to remove them and give to check on any control equipment.
New nozzles are not cheap, but you can save a considerable amount by contacting the station involved in the repair of diesel engines, and calculate the nozzles at a completely reasonable price. The price of the service depends on the location of the station and the availability of spare parts stores around it.
However, you are able to extend the service life of the injectors, maintaining air and fuel filters into the purity, and the fuel filters, and thereby counteract the contamination of the nozzles. For these purposes, it should be periodically pouring into fuel tank In a small number of special cleaners.
If you follow the high pressure fuel pump, it will function for a long time and operate. However, we want to warn that his replacement is quite expensive.
A poor start and low diesel pickup may be due to many things: poorly-quality starting candles, clogging of fuel pipelines, leading to a drop in fuel pressure, fuel carrier and even incorrect installation of injectors.
Identify poorly working starting candles easily by how long the prerequisite warming light is not housing.
Talk to the owners diesel carsand you will see that none of them does not think about getting driving again petrol car. You may have come and your turn if the diesel is fully responsible for your requests.
Diesel engines conquer increasing popularity among car owners. If the problem of Europeans worried about the fuel price increases for the fuel, then today the majority of the inhabitants of the Old World are essentially belonging to their money and most choose diesel engines. However, the operation of a diesel engine, with all its economy and "pickup", is associated with a number of difficulties. In particular, it is necessary to highlight the subtleties of the fuel system as a whole, and fuel nozzles as one of the elements of the fuel system in particular.
Features of diesel engine
As is known in the design of the diesel engine there are no ignition candles. The ignition comes from suction and compression of air, and after the injection fuel to the combustion chamber. Thanks to this feature of the diesel engine, they work so well on low revs, but for the conveniences, as you know, you need to pay. In our case, the board serves a complex and expensive fuel system. In particular, one should pay special attention This element is like fuel nozzle. Special functions are assigned to it, since the nozzle should distribute fuel with high accuracy, and at the same time, to withstand the action of intra-cylinder pressure and high temperature. To help nozzles better cope with their task, engineers have come up with a variety of devices in the form inlet valves and preliminary combustion chambers for twisting air and improve the ignition process.
In addition, the structures of most diesel engines use incandescent candles. In the frost, when the diesel is still cold, such a candle increases the temperature with the combustion chamber with electricity, and the engine is thus easier to start
Requirements for operation of the diesel engine
The main disadvantage of diesel engines can be called its demand for fuel. Especially often the owners of diesel cars complain about problems with the fuel system when winter cold is coming. The fact is that diesel fuel, or diesel fuel, in its composition have paraffin. This substance behaves inert at the plus temperatures, but in winter strule paraffin threads clog filters or such elements as fuel nozzle. It is for this reason that some drivers cannot start their cars in the frost for so long.
In addition, poor-quality fuel negatively acts on Fuel pump High pressure, which is one of the main elements of the system. It should also be noted that such components of the fuel system as a nozzle fuel or plunger pair, today there are solid money.
Rules of operation of engines on diesel fuel
No matter how warful it would sound, but to avoid engine breakdown, you just need to follow the rules prescribed in the instruction manual for your car. For example, dear Japanese TNLD will serve you as long as possible if you use good fuel with additives and recommended engine oil brand. By the way, the last component needs to be replaced as often as possible, namely every 8-9 thousand km of the car. It is worth saying that turbines, which are now massively equipped with diesel cars, are very sensitive to the quality of oil. Experts advise for the maximum long service life of the car to install Japanese TNVD on the car and do not join the motor a few minutes after the trip until the turbine cools.
An important role in the stable and uninterrupted operation of the engine plays careful and timely care for the entire fuel equipment. As we have said earlier - any breakdown in the diesel fuel system, as well as replacement of the REVD repair kit can punch in your budget. For this reason, do not spare money for the timely replacement of fuel filters and do not forget to drain the water from the sump, because these measures will help you to significantly save on the upcoming repairs. Also, specialists are extremely recommended to be aggressively ride on diesel engines, switching transmissions when the tachometer arrow has already layered into the red zone. The following transmission should be included smoothly, on average turnover to avoid fast engine wear.
Diesel engine in winter
Usually, problems with the launch of the diesel engine begin when the thermometer mark falls below -25 degrees, which is not uncommon in the harsh Russian winter. At this time of the year, motorists recommend using arctic diesel fuel to improve the auto response. In addition, car enthusiasts for the winter are advised to find warm garageand not put your car on the street. No smaller role in winter operating The engine plays the transition to special engine oil. Using all of the above recommendations, you will not only extend the service life of the engine, but also save on such an element as an unscheduled maintenance and repair kit TNVD for your car.
Operation of a diesel car - Features of the treatment of diesel
Car lubers, which, after gasoline vehicles, "moved" to diesel, are confident that the handling of cars in this form of fuel does not differ from the treatment of their gasoline analogues. But this is a serious mistake. Not proper operation The diesel car is entitled to the essential breakdowns, to eliminate which you have to spend significantly. Therefore, having a car on diesel fuel It is necessary to know the features of handling it.
Specificity riding on diesel cars
- When turning the ignition key, a yellow light bulb with a spiral symbol, on the instrument panel, lights up. But the starter is not turned off, because you need to give time to warm up the glow candles. After the expiration of thirty seconds, the bulb will go out - which serves as a signal to start the engine.
- After the engine is running, it must "warm up" and prepare for work, and the turbines should be filled with lubricant. This process takes from three to five minutes.
- On diesel engines negatively reflects the fact when the car, after a long trip with the load, instantly jammed, without giving cooling time. In this case, the oil burns directly in the bearings, and the subsequent launch of the car is performed without oil. More than that, recycled oil, subsequently negatively affect engine operational data. Engine work on idling, a few minutes after stopping the car, will help to avoid such a situation.
- The diesel engine does not tolerate high speeds, because at the same time the load on the cylindrophive parts, the fuel system, and the process of forming the combustible mixture itself is not performed in due mode. Operate the vehicle follows not high revolutions, and switch to increased programs is necessary in advance.
- The engine on diesel fuel has a large mass, compared with gasoline. The driver needs to take into account this feature, because it affects the dynamic characteristics, that is, on the maneuverability of a diesel car.
- The use of a tug for starting a diesel engine is not recommended, for the reason that during the occurrence of high pressure in the cylinders there is a risk of a gap of the drive belt of the gas distribution mechanism (MRM).
- Overcoming deep puddles at low speed. For diesel, high suction properties and small combustion chamber are characterized. The minimum amount of water, which fell into the collector, is able to cause hydratela, for the reason that the physical properties of the fluid do not allow it to grip, and not finding a place to exit, water acts onto the connecting rod and damages it. It is recommended to pass deep puddles on small revolutions.
Operation of diesel engines in technical terms
- Change of oil. In all vehicles working on diesel fuel, oil and filter should be changed every eight - nine thousand kilometers. This necessity is associated with a high content of sulfur in a diesel population domestic productionwhat leads to premature loss of properties machine oil. Oil for modern motors, it is recommended to use high-quality, acquiring it from proven sources.
- Try to refuel only with high-quality diesel. The presence of sulfur and water impurities present in low-quality fuel will lead to total repair of the motor and fuel system. If you defend the diesel fuel in a separate reservoir - it will significantly increase its quality.
- In the cold season, it is used exclusively for winter types of diesel fuel. Old method, mix in fuel kerosene, is strictly forbidden for diesel cars with a modern fuel system.
- Purity of the fuel system. The fuel filter is to be replaced every eight - ten thousand kilometers. Dirty, litter filter creates high hydraulic resistance and leads to a sustainable breakage fuel equipment. Wash the fuel tank you need twice a year, after changing the summer and winter fuel.
- Replacing the timing belt. It is necessary to replace the timing belt and the TNVD toothed belt at sixty thousand kilometers. Also subject to replacement and tension roller The timing belt, since its technical wear leads to the same consequences.
Proper operation of cars on diesel fuel is a whole science. In the past times, drivers even specially studied, before they were going to sit behind the wheel of diesel cars. As proper operation vehicle Let us extend its technical resource.
Anatoly Proletarian
