German firm Daimler-Motoren-Gesselschaft, which produces cars Mercedes, was founded in 1901 by Gottlieb Daimler, the legendary author of the world's first four-wheeled car with a gasoline engine. The famous designer Wilhelm Maybach helped Gottlieb Daimler build this car. Despite a number of shortcomings, this initiative was actively supported by the consul of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Emil Jellinek, after whose daughter the first Mercedes-35P5 model was named. The technical characteristics of the Mercedes-35P5 allowed the car to reach speeds of up to 90 km per hour, which at that time was considered an impressive indicator.
In the early years of its existence, Daimler-Motoren-Gessellschaft built not only cars, but also developed engines for aircraft and ships, which is why the Mercedes logo in the form of a three-pointed star appeared. This figure symbolizes the success of the German company on land, in the air and in the water.
After merging with another automobile company, Benz in 1926, the star was surrounded by a ring-shaped laurel wreath, reflecting Benz's victories in the motorsport arena. New concern Daimler-Benz was headed by Ferdinand Porsche, who significantly updated the lineup Mercedes. It was he who launched the "compressor" K series, which included such famous models as the Mercedes 24/110/160 PS with a six-cylinder engine. The car, equipped with a 6.3-liter engine, accelerated to a fantastic speed of 145 km per hour for those times, for which it was nicknamed the "death trap".
Hans Niebel, who succeeded Ferdinand Porsche in 1928, took an active part in the development of such machines as the Manheim-370 and Nurburg-500. In 1930, under his leadership, a Mercedes-Benz 770 with a powerful 200-horsepower engine was presented at the car market, the working volume of which was 7.6 liters. In addition, the car was equipped with a supercharger. In the 30s, cars were presented to the public Mercedes cars-200 and sports cars Mercedes-380, on the basis of which the "compressor" models Mercedes-Benz-540K were built a little later.
In 1935, Max Sailer became the chief designer - the creator of the world's first mass-produced passenger car with a diesel power plant Mercedes-260D. During his rule, cars were built, which were actively used by the leaders of the Nazi movement. We are talking about a Mercedes-770, equipped with a frame made of oval beams, with a spring rear suspension.
During the Second World War German concern produced not only Mercedes cars, but also trucks. The hostilities caused great damage to the main factories of the company, the activities of which were able to resume only a year after the end of the war.
One of the first post-war developments of the company was the Mercedes-180 model, designed in 1953 with monocoque body pontoon type. Three years later saw the light sports coupe Mercedes-300SL Gullwing with unusual gull-wing doors, which at that time had no analogues in the world.
Late 50s mass production Mercedes-Benz has been updated with Robert Bosch engines with mechanical system fuel injection. One of the first models with this innovation was the Mercedes-Benz 220 SE.
The latest advances in the automotive industry of those years were embodied in a completely new family of middle-class cars, which was offered to customers in 1959. Models Mercedes-220, 220S, 220SE demonstrated the highest technical level of performance: a spacious luggage compartment, absolutely independent suspension for all wheels, a stylish body with vertical headlight units delighted fans of the German brand.
The executive class in the Mercedes line was introduced a little later - in 1963, with the release of the Mercedes-600 model. The car immediately became a contender for the title of the best on the planet for real comfort and prestige. It was equipped with a 6.3-liter 250 Horse power and a four-speed "automatic". Comfortable wheel suspension on pneumatic elements became a pleasant addition to the developments. The body length of the executive car was more than six meters.
Sports models were replaced by more modest ones, for example, the Mercedes-Benz 230 SL, known in the common people as the "pagoda" because of the original shape of the roof with the middle part just below the sidewalls. If ten years ago the German brand managed to firmly establish itself in the car market of post-war Europe, then by the end of the 60s the whole world was talking about Mercedes. A completely different scale of production gave a start and new styling standards, which made Mercedes passenger cars even more elegant.
The first novelty of the 70s, which replaced the "Pagoda", was the Mercedes SL R107 model, which successfully captured the American market and existed for 18 years.
The 1973 oil crisis hit car sales unfavorably, but the company managed to get out of its predicament by launching the W114 / W115 series with more fuel efficient engines. Buyers wanted not only luxury and convenience, but also reliability. As a result, against the backdrop of ruined competitors, the Mercedes brand remained afloat.
In the early 80s, the legendary Gelandewagen appeared in the Mercedes line - an all-wheel drive SUV of the 460 series, which was famous for its high traffic and reliability. The first such car was made to order for the Iranian Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, a Daimler-Benz shareholder.
In 1984, it began to be produced in principle new row business class sedans - Mercedes W124, once again showed the possibility of creating stylish and modern cars with a solid body. The most advanced developments of the time were embodied in the W124 family. Plastic molding to direct air under the car has improved the aerodynamics of the car. Fuel consumption has been reduced, as has the noise level from the oncoming air flow.
In 1990, a new product was released, which today has many fans - the Mercedes 124 of the 500E series. Equipped with a five-liter V-shaped "eight" with a capacity of 326 horsepower, this Mercedes has structural differences from the usual W124 - it is not without reason that it is called the "wolf in sheep's clothing." The legendary spinning top, assembled at the Porsche plant, received rear suspension with hydropneumatic level control, doubled catalyst, electronic system LH-Jetronic injection instead of the traditional KE-Jetronic system. External differences"Top" from the rest of "Mercedes" 124 series consist of extended wheel arches and the presence of additional foglights at the bottom of the front bumper.
Mercedes W124 500E has become widespread in the CIS countries and is widely recognized in show business and mafia circles. Among the famous owners of the model are director Nikita Mikhalkov, musicians Yuri Loza, Dmitry Malikov, politician Gennady Zyuganov. "Volchok" - a real legend of the 90s - was captured in the serial film "Brigade".
By the beginning of the new millennium, the model Mercedes row was expanded twice: instead of five classes of cars (which were in 1993) there were ten. In 2005, new S- and CL-class models were launched, demonstrating the brand's new style with retro elements. Stuffed with the latest technology The S65 CL65 AMG with a powerful V12 under the hood became the flagship of the series, instead of the 600 models.
The C-class also went through the update: in 2007 there was a premiere new Mercedes W204 sedan and station wagon with three performance lines.
In 2008, the Mercedes lineup was extended with the CLC-class (Comfort-Leicht-Coupe - translated as "light comfortable coupe").
In the first decade of the 21st century, the Mercedes lineup included GL- and GLK-class SUVs (Gelandewagen-Leicht-Kurz - translated as “shortened light SUV”).
Launched in early 2009, the new E-Class W212 family has made tremendous economic and environmental gains. Instead of gasoline engines with superchargers - engines with a new type direct injection CGI twin turbocharged.
Now the German brand Mercedes-Benz is associated with the buyer with reliability, high quality workmanship and rich history.
Model range Mercedes
The Mercedes-Benz lineup includes compact small cars, serious business sedans, executive segment, SUVs, coupes, convertibles, roadsters and minivans.
Mercedes cost
The cost of Mercedes-Benz depends on which class the selected car belongs to. The most inexpensive - five-door A-class with a price of 900 thousand rubles. The cost of a middle-class Mercedes varies from one and a half to four million. Business class reaches six million, executive class - up to eight. One of the most expensive models- Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG roadster for 10 million.
15.03.2017
Experienced motorists know that the Toyota Camry range is one of the most demanded and popular on the Eastern European market. From year to year Japanese manufacturer pays more and more attention to him. The concern from the Land of the Rising Sun released the first model back in 1982. As of 2017, the 8th generation of cars has already been officially presented.
note! Taking into account the generation and country of sale of cars, they belong to the middle, business and even premium class.
Over the 35-year history of the development of this model, the Camry generation has changed dramatically, not only externally, but also technically. Today's article is entirely devoted to the popular Japanese car. With its help, you can trace the evolution Toyota Camry and those solutions that were used in different generations models.
First generation ( v10, 1982-1986)
The original Camry model was presented at domestic market Japan in 82 of the last century. The car came out in 2 bodies - "hatchback" and "sedan". There was a special style in the car, and it was expressed mainly in angular elements. Specifications were as follows:
- a gasoline power unit of 1.8 or 2 liters;
- fuel consumption - 8.5 l / 100 km, with 1.8 mechanics and ≈10 l / 100 km, with a 2l automatic;
- - automatic or mechanical;
- acceleration to 100 km - ≈12 s;
- maximum speed - 175 km / h (in the version with 2 liter mechanics).
Engine power ranged from 74 to 92 horsepower, which was not enough with an engine capacity of 1.8 - 2 liters. Considering its low productivity, the car did not gain much popularity among buyers, however, it managed to win its niche in the market.
Second generation ( v20, 1986-1991)
Experts traditionally believe that the history of the modern Toyota Camry, as an independent and successful model, originates from the 2nd generation of the car. The fact that the car was presented in 1986 in the business class is also indicative.
The first thing that catches your eye is the rounded lines of the body, which gave the exterior of the vehicle a deliberate roughness and massiveness. There is no trace of the previous design. The model was sold in a traditional sedan and station wagon body. In addition to the updated design, the car received modern electronics and improved technical solutions:
- 2 liter diesel engine and 1.8-2-liter gasoline;
- fuel consumption per 100 km varies from 8 to 11 liters for a 2 liter diesel automatic and 2.5 liters for a gasoline automatic, respectively;
- acceleration to 100-ki - about 12 s;
- the maximum speed is limited to 165 km / h for a 1.8 liter machine, in the case of a 2.5 liter mechanical box gears - 210 km / h.
Four-wheel drive vehicles were available only in the domestic Japanese market, they were delivered abroad by advance orders.
Third generation ( xv10, 1992-1996)
The third generation Camry boasted increased dimensions compared to its predecessor, see the table below.
In addition, the model went on sale in 3 bodies: coupe, station wagon and sedan. The exterior and interior design became fluid, with a distinct softness in every line. For fans of high speeds, Japanese designers have developed a sports car modification, hallmark which became a rigid suspension
Improvements have also been made to the "insides" of the car:
- 2, 2.2L or 3L gasoline power unit;
- fuel consumption per 100 km - from 8 to 11.5 liters (for 2 liters and 3, respectively);
- the model received 2 transmission options - 5-speed. "Mechanics" and 4-speed automatic;
- the car accelerates to 100 in 8 - 11 s;
- speed limit is 225 km / h.
It is also noteworthy that for the first time, engineers have equipped the Toyota Camry with injection power units.
Fourth generation ( xv20, 1996-2001)
The new generation Camry was presented to fans of the Japanese car industry in 1996. It was then that the world saw a popular model in 4 bodies at once: a coupe, a station wagon, a sedan and a convertible. A new version received its logical continuation in the form of an extended wheelbase (by 70 mm, in comparison with the 3rd generation).
Progress has also affected the "insides" of the vehicle:
- 2.2, 2.5 or 3 liter engine;
- the engine "eats" about 10-12 liters (on average, depending on the engine) for every 100 km;
- transmission - automatic or mechanical;
- acceleration to 100 km - ≈10 s. (for the version with a 2.2-liter engine, for more powerful engines, the acceleration dynamics improves accordingly)
- the maximum speed is limited to 220 km / h (in the version with a 3-liter automatic).
For the first time in history, the manufacturer has paid close attention to the issue of safety.
Fifth generation model ( xv30, 2001-2006)
The main feature of the 5th generation Toyota Camry was that the car received worldwide recognition and popularity. The car was bought up like hot cakes not only in the USA and Europe, but also in Russia. The Japanese manufacturer decided not to experiment and focused all its efforts on perfecting just one body - the sedan. As a result, its lines became streamlined and smooth enough, which favorably influenced the aerodynamics of the vehicle.
The interior has become more cozy and comfortable due to the use of environmentally friendly materials. The level of equipment is indicated at least by the fact that in basic configuration attended ABS system, multiple airbags and motion stabilization function.
The running capabilities of the car have also changed:
- the model was delivered to the market in 2 modifications - with a 6-cylinder 186-horsepower 3-liter power unit and a 4-cylinder 152-horsepower 2.4-liter engine;
- fuel consumption - 10 liters per 100;
- transmission - 4-speed automatic (subsequently replaced by the 5th) or 5-st. mechanical;
- acceleration to 100 km - ≈9 s. for the version with a 3-liter unit.
- maximum speed - 225 km / h (in the version with a 3-liter automatic).
The car has lost the straight lines traditional for the Camry body, giving way to modern trends. It was during this period that the foundation was laid for the economic success of the car.
Sixth generation ( xv40, 2006-2011)
When developing the Toyota Camry 40, designers and engineers worked hard on the body. Despite all its massiveness, the car has become sleeker and visually lighter, which was facilitated by the smooth lines of the body. The model has acquired "notes of sportiness" and impetuosity.
Sixth generation "Kamryukha"
The modernization also affected the "insides" of the vehicle:
- a gasoline engine of 2.4 (167 horsepower) and 3.5 liters (277 "horses");
- fuel consumption (average) - 10 l / 100 km with 2.4 mechanics and more than 10 l / 100 km with 2.4. machine
- transmission - 5-speed automatic or manual;
- acceleration to 100 km - from 7 s. up to 10.5 s. (depending on engine)
- maximum speed - 230 km / h (in the version with a 3-liter automatic).
note! The Japanese manufacturer, as part of the 6th generation, first began equipping its cars with a hybrid gasoline engine.
Seventh generation ( xv50, 2011-2016)
The new car boasts great body lines and elegant appearance, in which a certain status is clearly traced. The vehicle interior has become more comfortable due to the additional volume. From the technical point of view, the car has become an order of magnitude more modern:
- 2.5 liter or 3.5 liter d engines with a capacity of 181 hp. and 277 hp, respectively. There is also a version with a 2.0 engine, but it is clearly too weak for a car of this size.
- transmission - 6-position automatic, supplemented with manual control function;
- fuel consumption per 100 km varies from 8 to 9.5 liters (average) depending on the engine;
- acceleration to 100-ki - about 7.9 s. with a motor of three and a half liters, with 2.5 -9.5 up to a hundred parts.
- the speed limit is limited to 210 km / h.
The designers did their best to eliminate the mistakes made in the 6th generation. Also, the car got rid of the smoothness of the lines, replacing them with pronounced angular features. The new style has affected the optics of the car, which has become wider. Due to the fact that vehicle increased in size, it could compete with models in the class above.
Eighth generation ( v60, 2017-2018)
On the stage of the Detroit auto show, the Japanese manufacturer has presented the 8th generation Toyota Camry to the public. It is safe to say that this is fundamentally new car with an unusual sporty appearance... The interior architecture has been radically revised. However, let's take a look under the hood of this "stallion":
- petrol power units by 2.0; 2.5 or 3.5 liters.
- the average fuel consumption is 7.3-9.4 depending on the volume of the engine.
- transmission - 6st. machine.
- acceleration to 100 km - 10.4; 9.0; 7.1 respectively.
- the maximum speed is 210 km / h.
If you summarize all the information about the Camry last generation, then the model can be described in just three words - a local automobile revolution.
Toyota Camry generation
The history of the formation and development of the Toyota Camry model range is a vivid example of the human desire for excellence, interpolated through the prism of the modern Japanese car industry. I would like to hope that engineers from the Land of the Rising Sun will not stop there and in the coming years will delight motorists all over the world with unusual, beautiful and powerful models... And for those who decided to purchase one of the models of this legendary brand, we recommend that you contact official dealer Nika Motors
The history of the most popular car in Russia began in 1966 in the Italian city of Turin with the conclusion of a contract between the USSR Ministry of Automotive Industry and FIAT. A year after the signing of the contract, the construction of the Volzhsky automobile plant(VAZ), and after another three years - the first six models of "kopeck" (VAZ-2101), built on the basis of the Italian Fiat-124, rolled off the main assembly line of the VAZ.
At the end of the 70s, the VAZ model range was replenished with the all-wheel drive all-terrain vehicle VAZ-2121 or Niva R12, which made a splash on the world market.
After the USSR collapsed, the industrial giant AvtoVAZ entered a phase of perestroika. The crisis was overcome by the mid-90s: then domestic manufacturer began to gradually increase the volume of production.
In 1998, the model 2111 was presented to the public, equipped with the latest engines with sixteen valves.
The beginning of the new millennium was marked by the release of a new generation car Lada Kalina, as well as the start of production of the VAZ-2107 ( Lada priora) - at first in the sedan body, and a little later - a hatchback and a station wagon.
Since 2004, the management of AvtoVAZ has decided to transfer all produced cars to a single brand, which has become written in Latin, not Cyrillic, in accordance with the norms of the Russian language. Thus, the abbreviation "VAZ" was replaced by the single name "Lada", which was previously used only to designate export versions of the trademark. However, the most labels and memorable nicknames for AvtoVAZ products are given by the Russian people. Among the most common slang names, it is worth noting "penny" or "spear" (for VAZ-2101), "four" (for VAZ-2104), "stool" (for VAZ-2105), "chisel" (for VAZ-2108, 2109), "matryoshka" (for VAZ-2112). The disparaging name of all AvtoVAZ vehicles is "basin" (from the abbreviation TAZ - Togliatti Automobile Plant).
Recent developments include a model Lada granta or VAZ-2190. This vehicle is budget sedan, designed on the basis of Lada Kalina.
At present, AvtoVAZ is the largest passenger car manufacturer in Russia and Eastern Europe. It is known that Lada cars are the most demanded and the most stolen on Russian market despite the extremely low quality of production. Terrifying specifications Frets have long been the object of ridicule among motorists. At one of its presentations of the business plan, the AvtoVAZ enterprise itself admitted this fact and explained its origin "by the low quality of the purchased components."
Employees of the Togliatti plant with more than twenty years of work experience are awarded the title of "Veteran of VAZ" with the presentation of the corresponding certificate, a badge with the logo of the enterprise and a medal of the same name. The author of the first publication in the magazine "Behind the wheel" about the auto giant under construction in Togliatti was also awarded the title of veteran, although he was not an employee of VAZ. The name of that correspondent: Brodsky Alexander Yakovlevich.
Lada lineup
The lineup of AvtoVAZ is quite diverse. In it you will find about ten models of the small class with various body options (sedan, hatchback, station wagon), five representatives of the small middle class, two four-wheel drive "Niva" in three-door and five-door versions, as well as a van Lada largus- an economical car for business.
Lada cost
The cost of Lada on the primary market varies from two hundred to five hundred thousand rubles. Most a budget option- an old-school "seven", leading its pedigree from the "Fiat" itself. Small Lada price 2107 is fully consistent with the content. But you can also repair it without unnecessary difficulties and financial costs, which makes the VAZ 2107 good choice for novice taxi workers.
