Very often, novice drivers fall into ridiculous and difficult situations due to the fact that they do not know how to go on mechanics. Probably, everyone repeatedly observed a picture in which the car could not start the movement for a long time, and the cars standing behind him, not having the opportunity to connect an obstacle, signal, flash the headlights, which are further injected into a stupor of an inexperienced driver. In fact, learn how to drive a machine with a manual gearbox is completely simple.

For training it is best to choose a flat pad without slopes, which will avoid random rollback. Simplify the task can be due to the use parking brake. The handbrake must be tightened before launching the engine. This will allow you to keep the car in place if the driver did not turn off the transmission, and also exclude an uncontrolled rollback when trying to trim into the hill.

The legs on the pedals of the clutch and gas should work in the antiphase - when the clutch clutch should be released, and on the contrary, when the clutch is smoothly release, it is necessary to smoothly add an effort to the accelerator pedal.

Before starting to touch, it is important to check the transmission or no movement of the gearbox lever. Next you need to squeeze to the end of the clutch pedal. It will be an additional guarantee that the car will not go after turning on the ignition (for example, all the Toyota brand machines will not start until the adhesion is squeezed). In addition to this B. winter time The starter will make it easier to start the engine. After the motor earned, it is necessary to turn on the transmission, release the handbrake and start moving. In order for the car sharply did not pull from the place and not stalled, the driver must perform all actions smoothly and calmly. It is necessary to release the clutch pedal until the engine is started to fall, and the machine will easily vibrate. At this time, it is necessary to smoothly press the gas pedal, while continuing to let the clutch.

Beginner drivers are quite difficult to feel the moment of the start of movement. In this case, multiple workouts can help. It is necessary to remember the sequence of actions: the machine is standing with the engine on, the clutch is completely squeezed, the transmission turns on, the driver starts to go smoothly to the clutch until the moment is started to decrease. As soon as it happened, it is worth squeezing again. You need to repeat such training before that time until the driver is perfectly determined the moment of starting. Also useful will be a training on the same principle only in "TRONERED - stopped" mode. It will be possible to say that the skill is fully learned, it will be possible after the driver will receive 10 confident starts out of 10.

How to switch transmission on mechanics

Correct legs on pedals

Today, cars are very popular with automatic switching Transmissions and beginner drivers prefer to learn exactly on such cars. It is worth noting that a real driver can be the one who is able to control the machine with any type of transmission. Therefore, in the driving schools, the majority choose a car with mechanics as an educational transport, even if they have already purchased in advance or are going to buy a car with a variator or automatic transmission. To understand how to ride on mechanics, you have to practice a lot. But after that, it will be possible not to think about the type of transmission, and feel confidence driving any car.

On the mechanical box The following speed switching ranges are taken:

• 0 - 20 km / h - 1 transmission;
• 20 - 40 km / h - 2;
• 40 - 60 km / h - 3;
• 60 - 80 km / h - 4;
• 80 km / h and above - 5.

It is worth understanding that the speed range depends on gear ratio A certain model of the car, but in any case approximately corresponds to the specified scheme. Switching transfers is necessary for smooth movements, which will not give the car to "peck" the nose and twitch. Often, this particular sign gives an inexperienced driver behind the wheel.

In order to start the movement worth acting like this:

1. Fully squeeze the clutch;
2. Install the lever on the first gear;
3. Smoothly release the clutch, at a certain stage we hold on and then we get completely release;
4. After that, smoothly gas and score speed.

Of course, long and far on this first gear will not leave (if, of course, you are not practiced on the wasteland).

Switching to increased transmission

With increasing speed, there is a need to switch to high transmissions. This process is as follows:

1. Weaken pressing the gas pedal and quickly squeeze the grip;
2. The PPC lever is translated first into a neutral position, and then the following transmission turns on;
3. Smoothly released grip and the gas pedal is pressed;
4. The transition to the remaining higher transmissions is performed by a similar scheme.

The greater the speed of the car, the faster it is required to carry out such an operation. It is not recommended to jump over the transfer, it is not prohibited, however, it is necessary only if there is a certain skill, since the gears of the PPC are able to wear faster, and the engine can stumble.

Proper switching to reduced gear

To lower transmission, switching is carried out in this way:

1. The leg must be removed from the gas pedal and slow down to the desired speed;
2. Next, completely squeeze the clutch;
3. Bypassing the neutral position of the PPC lever, we turn on the lower gear;
4. Imagine the clutch to the end and add gas smoothly.

The transition to low transmission can be carried out, jumping through several gears (for example, with a fifth speed to the second or first). Motor and gearboxes from such actions will not be affected, but, of course, the included transmission must correspond to the velocity of the car.

The ability to slowly slow down on the mechanics increases safety road

The most efficient and safe way to slow down and completely stop on the wet road, descent or when ice, there will be the following actions: it is necessary to release the gas and smoothly press the brake, and before the final stop to squeeze the grip so that the car does not stall. Then the lever is switched to a neutral position and let all the pedals.

There is another method that allows you to understand how to slow down on the mechanics. It is more suitable for braking in good weather conditions on a flat road:

• Let go of gas;
• Squeeze the clutch pedal stop;
• Smoothly press the brake to the full stop.
• Next, you need to turn on the neutral and let go of both pedals.

Gas pedal stands smoothly go and not throw. Leaving the car, even if for a short time, always put it on hand brake.

How to slow down on mechanics

To slow down and lose a little speed, it is necessary to completely release the gas and slightly press the brake, the clutch does not need to touch. Be afraid that the car will not stand. If you plan to slow down to switch to reduced transmission, you will have to squeeze the clutch.

Proper braking engine

This method will be useful for cool descents. The main point of this method is to transition from high transmission to reduced. Even just letting the gas gas pedal, without switching the transfer, the speed is instantly reduced. This is due to the mode idle move. After that, you can go to an even lower gear. Letting let the grip pedal can not be pressed at all. In this way, the effect of braking is enhanced.

How to switch transmission on mechanics? Despite the dominance of automatic and mechanical transmission is popular among drivers. Of course, the production of new cars equipped with a manual transmission every year is reduced, but nevertheless experienced drivers remain faithful mechanics.

Without a doubt, one of the most proven and reliable. It is competent and proper care It can be operated throughout a considerable time interval.

At first glance, an inexperienced driver may seem that it is inconvenient to use and is inferior in comfort automatic and robotic devices. This widespread misconception arose because many drivers do not know how to properly switch transmission on mechanics.

The manual transmission serves to distribute the mechanical energy of the motor on the leading vehicle bridges. Cars use a manual gearbox with different numbers. The skewers are 5-speed transmissions and revives.

In a manual box to switch gear, a clutch is used. It is a link between the motor and transmission. The crankshaft of the engine is constantly rotating. The primary shaft of the box is in engaging with a crankshaft.

In order to connect the necessary gear gears, it is necessary to suspend the rotation on the split second crankshaft. With this successfully copes the clutch. That is why switching transmission is impossible without squeezed clutch.

Features of the manual gearbox

Mechanical gearbox is the type of transmission, in which the switching of steps and transmitting torque is carried out by manually by the driver by the choice of steps, according to the assessment of current conditions and the characteristics of further actions.

A simpler language assignment of the manual transmission - regulation of the high-speed range and selection of its direction.

The number of steps in the manual transmission is from four to seven, in addition to neutral and rear.

The feature of transport with the manual transmission is the presence of clutch pedal, in addition to the brake and gas available in all types of transport. Steaming steps is carried out when the clutch pedal is squeezed.

Advantages of transport with MCPP:

• inexpensive repair and easy maintenance;
• high reliability;
• sufficient range of driving options;
• the ability to tow vehicles on any length of the path;
• running a car with "Tolkach";
• improved patency in difficult conditions;
• increased dynamics and efficiency.

By cons MCPP include:

• the complexity of changing gear for a beginner driver;
• inconvenience and increase in fatigue with movement in traffic jams due to constant switching steps and clutch release;
• the risk of breakdowns of the MCPP and the clutch basket with illiterate switching steps and work with the clutch is increasing;
• reduced engine resource when moving on sufficiently small or large revs.

Purpose pedals in car with manual transmission

To avoid confusion and addiction in all types of transport with MCPP, the location of the pedal is identical.

Before the drivers, there are 3 pedals:

• Clutch pedal is extreme left. Its function is to transmit torque from the motor to the wheels. Always pressed when switching steps. It is necessary to squeeze into the floor, to the end, and let go smoothly and smoothly. Pressed clutch pedal is equivalent to a neutral stage - provides a rupture of the communication of the motor and wheels.
• Brake pedal - located in the middle, its function is the braking of transport when pressed on it by pressing the pads to the discs and drums of the braking system.
• Accelerator pedal (gas) is the extreme right. Adjusts the feed fuel mixes Due to the opening (pressing on the pedal) or closure (piping reduction) throttle valve. Pressure on the pedal leads to an increased amount of fuel mixture and, as a result, increase speed \u200b\u200bregime. Releaseing "gas" or lowering pressure - the rotor of the motor and speed occurs.

It is necessary to place legs on the pedals as in the picture below.

How to touch on mechanics

For a beginner, the most complex when driving on the machine, equipped with MCP, - start moving.

In order to touch with a smooth surface follows:

• press the clutch pedal to the end;
• move the handle to the first speed;
• start smoothly reduce pressure on the clutch pedal, at the moment of a minor drop of revolutions per 100-200 rpm., And the shock (setting point) increase the rotation of the engine to 1300-1800 rpm. Soft pressed on the gas pedal;
• continue carefully to let the clutch, adjusting the motor turnover of the accelerator pedal.

At the beginning of movement with inclined surface A beginner driver should be transported on the hand-made brake to avoid rollback. When the car's push, the handbrake must be squeezed and gently increase the pressure on the gas pedal.

Incorrect clutch (throwing) is characterized by:

• jerk machine, jerks;
• often the vehicle stalls after several jerks.

The clutch throwing is fraught with increased wear of the manual transmission, clutch and motor.

How to switch transmission on mechanics

An experienced driver switches the transmission on the mechanics automatically, without controlling the stroke of the hand. All movements are reflexive and their clarity is caused by a driver's experience.

You can select the following procedure for switching gear on the manual transmission at the beginning of the movement:

1. Squeeze the grip and set the gearbox lever to the neutral position;
2. Turn the engine while holding the brake pedal;
3. Let go of the brake pedal and squeeze the clutch pedal;
4. Not releasing clutch pedals include first gear;
5. Smoothly release the clutch and move from the place;
6. If necessary, add gas pedal speeds;

After the start of movement, switching gears is not necessary too often. As a rule, the third transmission is used in the urban dense stream of cars. When you accelerate the vehicle, switching transmissions must be strictly in order with increasing.

If you need to apply emergency braking You should simultaneously squeeze the brake pedal and clutch. The gear lever to the neutral position can be translated later.

You can select the following transmission ranges in the mechanics:

• first transmission (0-20 kilometers per hour);
• second transmission (20-40 kilometers per hour);
• third gear (40-60 kilometers per hour);
• fourth gear (60-90 kilometers per hour);
• fifth gear (90-110 kilometers per hour);
• sixth gear (over 110 kilometers per hour).

As practice shows, experienced drivers define the desired moment of switching transmission over the sound of the motor. Natuja Ryv. power aggregate It indicates that time has come to switch the transfer.

No need to forget that timely shift gear prevents premature wear of the motor, reduces fuel consumption and reduces the emission harmful substances in environment. It must be remembered that the clutch is squeezed smoothly and the transmission switches quickly.

Basic beginners errors - what should be avoided

There are other recommendations to understand why one or another transmission is intended for mechanical gearbox. The first is necessary for us so that the car is moving from the place, the second for overclocking, the third speed for completing overtaking. The fourth and fifth are used accordingly for movement on city roads and country roads.

Beginner drivers have the same typical mistakes. They cannot understand the rumor that it's time to change the transfer. Because of this, the motor works on too high speed, the car loses speed, the movement is lost. Often, newcomers can not touch the place, due to the fact that the clutch pedal is too dramatically. As a result, the car twitches, stalls. This leads to an accelerated wear of certain nodes of transmission and clutch. Beginners are often delayed with the inclusion of the second speed. They touch the car from the place, and then accelerate him, forcing the motor to roar. At the same time, it is possible to move quickly with the 1st transmission to the 2nd almost immediately after the start.

Experienced instructors always teach newbies to remove the leg with the clutch pedal immediately after the pedal is released. First, in this case the clutch is faster. Secondly, the foot gets tired much more. At the same time, the position of the foot on the floor gives the driver additional point Supports and does not like the spine. Beginners often sin so that when changing the movement modes, the left hand involuntarily turns the steering wheel, especially if it is in its improper part.

Switching transmissions MCPP under overtakers

The minimum fuel consumption and optimal engine turnover are achieved when the car is moving on high gear trail. Many drivers and especially newcomers commit a number typical mistakes With other participants in motion.

Most of the beginners when overtaking the vehicle includes high gear and thereby losing in dynamics and speed. Experts, on the contrary, it is recommended at the beginning of the overtaking to lower the transfer rate for one step.

This will add the engine of the ability and the vehicle speed instantly increase. Thus, the dangerous maneuver will be successfully completed. You do not need to experience fate and perform shifting during overtaking.

How to brake the engine

There are situations when there is a need to use the engine and gearbox for efficient braking. Reducing the vehicle speed due to the use of engine capabilities is used with steep descents, refusal brake system, brake system malfunctions and slippery road surface.

The operation when braking the engine is as follows:

1. Let go of the gas pedal;
2. Squeeze the grip and turn on lower gear;
3. Seamlessly remove the leg with the clutch pedal.

When braking the engine, precautions must be observed, since incorrect actions can lead to a mechanical transmission.

Video: How to properly switch transmission on mechanics?

In principle, switching to the transmission on the mechanics is not so difficult as it can be imagined at first glance. The most important thing is to be patient, and experience and skills will come over time.
Thank you for your attention, good luck to you on the roads. Read, Comment and ask questions. Subscribe for fresh and interesting articles of the site.

There are cars with manual gear mechanism and with automatic.

If your machine is equipped automatic box Transmissions, then you can safely go to the study of the next chapter. In such cars, the driver does not have to make any efforts to switch transmissions - they are changing independently depending on the change in the speed of movement and the engine load.

After reading these lines, it is probably many for themselves decided that they will ride the car only with an automatic transmission, where nothing needs to be switched.

Forced to upset you. Learn to drive a car and pass the exams. You will have to carry out the car with manual transmissions - this is the requirement of traffic police and logic.

Practice shows that "reconciling" on the machine with an automatic transmission can be easily and easy. And on the contrary, it does not work at all. It is necessary to retrain, and, as a rule, it is given with great difficulty. Therefore, it will be better if we immediately figure out how to properly handle the gearshift lever on the "normal" machine.

"And what problems? Well, it was time, I confused the first pass from the third, so what? Engine strokes, an instructor of outgoing, and just! " - These are the words of the "novice", which still does not know that the error in driving a car can lead not only to small trouble, but also to major accidents.

Yes, if when starting from the place to "confuse" the transmission (instead of the first to turn on the third), then maybe it will be possible to do only by "moraling" from the instructor. But if you "confuse" the transmission during overclocking (instead of the third turn on the first), then in the summer in dry weather there will be an unexpected car sharp braking of the car, and on the winter snow-covered road you will be guaranteed a full-fledged car drift!

An even big trouble can be involved in the wrong or negligent work with a gearbox on VAZ 2109 cars, where reverse gear Located next to the first.

How will you feel if, starting a movement on the just inclusive of a green traffic light, everyone will go forward, and you back?

"How is it ???" - The readers would not be horrified by the readers.

Yes, very simple! Do not know how to properly work the gear lever, you "randomly" turned on the rear gear instead of the first! On the front-wheel drive cars that happens.

By the way, the driver behind the standing car is absolutely not interested, they have suffered you in a driving school or "not that" transmission turned on by chance. It is now interested in only one thing as soon as you will repaired the car.

In order to avoid "offended" accidents that occur due to errors when working with a gearbox, it should be carefully considered to be described in this chapter technique and tactics of gear shift.

Figure (1) shows the location scheme of only four gears, but they are just the main. About fifth gear and transmission rear stroke The conversation will be separate.

So, you see the ball on the spring, the corridors, according to which this ball and numbered "pits" of four gears should pass. Under the influence of the spring, the ball is forced to constantly be in a neutral position in the first corridor in the middle between the "pits" of the third and fourth transmission.

The ball on the spring is nothing but the knobs of the spring-loaded lever of the shift of your car. As for the corridors, they symbolize the principle of operation of the gear mechanism, which does not allow switching transmissions diagonally.

How to switch transfer by car?

First transmission

The first gear is included as follows. At first, from the neutral position, overcoming the effort of the spring, the ball must be transferred to the left into the next corridor and slightly overlook the wall.

Then you move the ball forward along the wall of the left corridor. Having achieved the edge of the "pits" at the end of this corridor, the ball is safely falling into this "fossa", and you turn out - the first gear.

Despite the effort of the stretched spring, the "Snack" is able to hold the ball in this position until you need another transmission.

Once again about how to turn on the first transmission. We must do two specific movements:

1. To the left - from the neutral position to the wall of the left corridor, without a "wild" effort and attempt to break the wall;

2. Forward - along the wall of the left corridor before the ball fall into the first transmission ball at the end of the corridor.

Now about how to turn off the first gear. If we consider that the spring is now in a stretched state, then only a slightly push the ball from the "pits" back. And then the spring herself will hold the ball in two corridors and will put it in the original neutral position between the "pits" of the third and fourth transmission.

In other words, the first transmission is turned off - one specific, short, light hand moving back.

Thus, we now have safely turned on and turned off the first gear.

Second transmission

From the neutral position, the second gear is turned on in the same way as the first. The difference is only in one - the ball on the left corridor should be sent forward, and back. However, in practice, car drivers rarely have to include the second transmission precisely from the neutral position, mainly the second transmission follows the first.

For an errorless switching of the first transfer to the second you need to perform three specific steps:

1. Slightly press the ball to the left wall of the corridor (when he is still in the "fossa" of the first transmission) and hold it near this wall during subsequent actions;

2. A short movement to push the ball from the "pits" of the first transfer to the neutral position in the left corridor, while not allowing the spring to move the ball into the right corridor;

3. After a short-term pause in neutral position 0 ', hold the ball along the left wall back to the end of the corridor and drop it into the "fossa" of the second transmission.

You should not switch the transmission from the first to the second one movement!

There are many reasons for a pause in a neutral position. This is the technical side of the case (the operation of synchronizers and gear in the gearbox), and the moment to plan their follow-up actions. And most importantly, you need to initially teach your right hand to the right actions, since all transmissions should switch to a pause in a neutral position.

It turns on the second gear in the same way as the first, but only the ball must not push back, and go ahead. By the way, all other transmissions are turned off as the same movement, only one hand is moving forward, and others back.

Third transmission

When switching the second transmission to the third beginner drivers, very often allow a serious error.

The "B-B" path should go under the influence of the spring, and not the driver's hands!

You must do not three, but only two movements with a short pause, allotted for self-work of the spring.

Here are your actions: short push into the ball forward - pause - and again a short push forward.

"And what, it's hard for me or something, to move the ball right?"

It is not difficult if you have already "wound" on the wheels not one thousand kilometers and "wound" hand. Although then you should not spend your energy for an extra action.

If you want to get the third gear, and not the first or fifth, I advise you not to forget about the spring.

Fourth Transfer

It is quite simple. For the main corridor, the ball must simply translate back.

True, one small problem is still there. Translate the ball from the "pits" of the third transmission to the "fossa" of the fourth transmission should not be alone, but by two movements, with a micropause in a neutral position.

A pause in a neutral position should be done in every corridor when switching any transmission!

Fifth gear

Modern cars are equipped with five-speed gearboxes. The fifth transmission is particularly "boosting". When moving at high speed it allows Engine work in gentle mode, and the driver saves fuel.

We will talk about the tactics of the gear shift a little later, but for now you need to learn how to turn on and off the fifth gear.

The fifth transmission corridor goes beyond the previous scheme. Therefore, for its inclusion, it is necessary to observe a specific sequence:

1. Pour the ball from the "fossa" of the fourth transmission, and the spring immediately puts it in a neutral position;

2. Overcoming the oncoming spring effort, we translate the ball into a neutral position located in the third corridor, and slightly rest in the wall. At the same time, the spring is turned into the other direction and will try to return the ball into the main corridor;

The fifth transmission is turned off the same way as all others - one short movement of the brush hand, only helping the ball get out of the "pits". Then the spring itself puts it in a neutral position between the third and fourth transmission in the main corridor.

Reverse passing : a) on the left; b) right

Car different marks And models for switching on the reverse transmission are also different. Therefore, before carefully studying a book lying in front of you, it makes sense to look into the factory instruction manual for your particular car.

On the domestic cars There are two main options for switching on the reverse transmission: "left - forward" and "down - right - back".

As for the technique for the inclusion and shutdown of this transmission, then, taking into account the conversation about the ball on the spring, which we displayed "take a walk" by corridors with the "holes", you can now turn on and off any transmission on any car. It is only necessary to know only to find out the armition scheme for a particular machine.

I think many of you have already managed not only to theoretically master the above information, but also checked all this in practice, sitting in the car.

It is certainly good, but there is one small dull question: "Where did you watch, switching the transfer? Isn't your right hand? "

"Well, like this. What? " - a loss of the reader.

The answer will be gloomy: "Consider that you entered the car stopped in the middle!"

Until you enthusiastically examined the work of your right hand, the traffic situation in front of your machine has changed somewhat. And instead of switching the transmission, it was necessary to brake!

The driver is not entitled to be distracted from the road, looking at his hands and feet! You only need to think about compliance and transmission for a specific road situation, And your right hand should determine all the necessary replacement actions.

Therefore, you will have to practice the shift slightly slightly in the shift, but now with your eyes closed! Moreover, "blindly" it is necessary to learn to switch the transfer, both in the upward order and in the descending one.

With acceleration a passenger car The driver switches the transmission sequentially: 1-2-3-4-5, and in braking various options are possible.

Showing options in descending order

For example, after the fifth transmission, the second or after the fourth is the first one may need. In other words, with any higher transmission you need to learn to switch to any low, passing intermediate.

And now, close your eyes, imagine the shifting scheme in the mind and "drive" our right hand our "ball" by corridors, switching transfers in various combinations.

When switching:

Do not make excessive effort.

Consider independent work Springs.

Always take a pause in a neutral position.

Never look at your hands.

Tactics for using gears

In the process of overclocking the car you will have to switch transmissions. This is a forced technical measure caused by the design of the car.

With an increase in the speed of movement, the engine engine begins to work "on elevated colors". At first he griekly "grumbling", then "grumbling" already loudly and displeased, and then "shouts into all the throat" - requires the next transmission!

The fact is that for each transmission there is a certain velocity interval.

Tactics shift gear

Just keep in mind, this chart in no way claims to guide the action on numbers. Here is shown only the gear shift as the speed changes. All numbers (in the graph and further in the text) are given only so that you understand that it is impossible to use in this life only the first or only third gear. Specific figures for your car at your driver's qualification are determined based on the actual conditions.

However, any car has specific speed intervals for each transmission, and, on the contrary, there is a specific velocity interval for each transmission. Therefore, if you go to another speed interval, then you need to switch to another transmission.

Based on the schedule, first transmission should be included to start moving. Then, by reaching speed, close to the limit for this transmission, it is necessary to switch to the following superior gear.

And whether it is impossible to continue acceleration on the first gear or, let's put it on the second transmission immediately, only starting the movement? How to find out what time is it time to switch?

There are answers to all these questions. Without going into extra details, I can say that the engine of the car can have both the minimum turnover of the crankshaft and the maximum. The gearbox device is such that already at a speed of about 40 km / h (I remind you, the numbers are given approximately) on the first gear, the engine develops such large revs that everyone is heard - the "Novice" rides on the road. At the same time at speeds close to zero, on the first gear, the car is able to move without jerks and concussions.

If you are included, for example, the third gear, then at a speed of 40 km / h, this is normal, but at speeds close to zero, the car is so twitching that looked, it crouches.

Remember:

The engine of the car with its sound (more often as roar) and vibrations "says" to the driver about the need to switch to another transmission.

And what happens if we try to increase the speed even more without changing the first transmission to the second?

And nothing will happen to us! You can drown a gas pedal to the floor, the engine will be wildly roar, and the speed above the limit for the first transmission will not increase, because it cannot! The only thing we can achieve is the engine breakdowns.

And if we switch to the second gear, let's say at a speed of 3 km / h?

And again, nothing good will not come out of it. If you wanted to continue overclocking, then it will not work at all (the engine is not able to overclock the heavy car through a small gear in the gearbox) or, shuddering with all the body, your car will accelerate long and tediously. What do you achieve? Again, the vehicle breakdowns or (and) the aggregates of the car transmission.

Of course, all these breakdowns occur not immediately, not instantly. You have the opportunity to "motive" for some time over the engine and the car as a whole, but then they will "offend" and fail.

• If you continue to increase the speed of movement, then, without waiting for a protracted engine of the engine (and only having heard the displeased grumbling or the very beginning of the Reva), you should switch to the following superior gear;
• If the speed of movement decreases, then without waiting for the terrible shocks of the engine and the entire car (and only feeling the hint of this or the first weak twitching), it should be changed to the transfer to the subordinate.

And if you need a significant change in speed?

As for the "newbies", they still need to gain some experience to "alike", with the conclusion flowing from here - the first hundreds of kilometers should be avoided by a sharp change in speed. And when it has a smooth change, you have a certain reserve of time in order to listen to the engine and your own feelings, although the first kilometers would not hurt to plan actions in timely transmission.

"Something didn't tell us about the tails in the chart in Figure 41?" - Estimated readers would have to ask.

With the tails everything is very simple. Having achieved a speed of about 20 km / h on the first gear, the engine with its "elevated tones" very significantly hints to you about the second gear. You press the clutch pedal and let go of the gas pedal. Then your right hand changes the transmission from the first to the second. Next, with the help of gas and clutch, you "pick up" the car and continue movement.

What happens to your car at that time when the clutch pedal is at the bottom?

The car is moving on the inertia! Of course, the inertia of the movement is not endless, and therefore the car begins to lose speed (tail in the chart). The faster you "pick up" the car with gas and clutch, the less you lose speed.

As the skills of driving, the tails in the graph are becoming all shorter and shorter, the engine remains without load less and less. The racers are able to change the transfer, without losing a "gram" of speed, they have almost absent tails.

For the "novice" the presence of this "tail" is an absolutely normal phenomenon. And do not try to get rid of him immediately, it will not work anyway! But in the future it is necessary to consider that the car without the engine with the wheels (when the clutch pedal is at the bottom) gets too greater freedom and is very unstable on the road!

Movement on ascent

When moving to the rise in a cool mountain, only the "experienced" driver, and that is not everyone, it will dare to change the transmission, for example, from the second to the third.

The "Novice" (with "tails" from Graph 41) during the transmission spent on replacing the transmission, the car can very much significantly lose the speed of movement, and this substitution will be simply meaningless. Turning to a certain speed, an inexperienced driver wants to include an increase in this speed of increased transmission, but inept actions lead to the fact that it is finally moved to another transmission it is possible only when the speed of movement has already decreased significantly.

When the car moves to the rise at low speed on the inconsistency of this speed of increased transmission, the resistance force movement can safely stop the car and even make her roll back!

But there were good intentions - to care the engine and ride quickly, without delaying the rest.

No, it's better we back there a little listen to the roar of the engine of your car and will be together slowly crawling upwards, let's shown back all together

Prepare in advance the appropriate gear and do not change it on the rise.

Brake engine

Let's take a little bit away from movement to the mountain and reflect on how to understand the expression "... It is recommended to use braking by the engine." If each driver understands this expression and will use the engine braking in real life, the accident accident can significantly decrease. Yes, and in the examination tasks, they are constantly asked: "How best to slow down? .."

I would not want to deepen into the "car device", but something from this subject you know you still need. Let's try to do well concept scheme power plant Rear-wheel drive car in light of torque transmission from the engine to drive wheels!

Scheme of the power plant of the rear-wheel drive car

After attentive consideration of the scheme, only the gearbox and two clutch disks can remain unclear. Now we will deal with this.

The gearbox contains a set of six diameter gears. Including any transmission, you enter into engagement certain pairs of gear and link the primary shaft of the gearbox with the secondary. As a result, the slave clutch disc and drive wheels of the car are also associated with each other.

Conditionally grip consists of two disks. If you connect the drive disc with the slave, for which it is necessary to release the clutch pedal, then the torque from the crankshaft of the engine will be able to transmit to the drive wheels and the machine will start moving. However, the steady movement of the car is possible only if you will constantly "feed" the engine, that is, put pressure on the gas pedal.

And if the gas pedal let go?

Then the engine stops the return of the torque and the inertia of the movement, which the stock of the car is trying to scroll the engine crankshaft through the drive wheels in the opposite manner. And they succeed, but with difficulty.

Those of you who at least once happened to work the "curved starter" (a starting handle for the start of the engine), know that it is not easy with difficulty, and with great difficulty it is possible to turn the crankshaft of the "dead" engine. Therefore, inertia forces, moving the car, like a person's forces trying to run the engine, dried very quickly. As a result of repeatedly increased resistance forces, the machine significantly loses speed and after a while it stops completely. This is the braking engine.

It can be a little easier to understand or at least feel the engine braking, even if you have only a second lesson on driving a car.

Suppose you included the first transmission and started movement. What happens to the machine if immediately after starting to remove the "gas"?

That's right, the speed of movement begins to actively fall, car twitch, and instructor swear. After a few meters, the motor will stall (it's good or bad, it will be understood by a little later), and the car will stop.

What happens if, before removing "gas", you first click the clutch pedal?

In this case, the machine will pass on inertia a very significant distance, several times more than in previous experience!

Why such difference? So you disconnected two clutch disks and thereby separated the engine from the leading wheels! Now the inertia's forces do not have resistance from the "unfambled" engine and can move the car for a long time.

Of course, later the car will still stop, because there are other resistance forces on the movement (the strength of the resistance of wheels, friction in bearings, air resistance, etc.). But the "free fill" of the car will always be several times more than the path passed by him in the engine braking process.

Now a few words about transmissions. You know that it is necessary to start moving from the spot on the first, the most "strong" gear. When the car turns away and ensures that there is some inertia inertia, you can switch to less "strong" second transmission, then to the "weak" third and so on.

Translations retain their "power" and when braking the car engine. "Weak" transmissions slow down weakly, and "strong" - strongly.

In other words, switching transfers, you can adjust the intensity of braking by the engine. The ability to select the transmission necessary for efficient braking by the engine in certain conditions will allow you to avoid trouble in complex road situations.

Movement on the road descent

"And on the descent, what problems may be? You are moving away from the board and rolling ... "- these are the thoughts of those who do not know that started descents A complete loss of brakes may occur!

During the usual braking, executive brake mechanisms (drums, discs, pads, etc.) are pretty heated. This is because due to the forces of friction in these mechanisms, the speed and supply of the car movement of the car is quenched. A large amount of heat is given to the environment, which markedly heats everything that is located near the brake mechanisms.

If you release the gas pedal when the machine on the slope moves "on the transfer", then it will be as if adhere to the engine ("engine braking"). At the same time, the lower the transfer, the stronger car slowed down. And note for yourself - braking is happening without using brake pedals!

If you turn off the transmission or simply press the clutch pedal, the engine is separated from the drive wheels and the machine gets too greater freedom, it just rolls from the mountain, increasing the speed of movement. It is often necessary to slow down, with the result that the heating of parts increases more and more. And somehow, if you click on the brake pedal, it can happen that the brake pedal is pressed completely, but there is no braking!

This happens due to the fact that the brake fluid in the supply hoses and tubes boils! And then - school physics and car device. Air bubbles unlike brake fluid shrink, instead of transmitting the pressure of the driver's legs from the brake pedal to the executive brake mechanisms. The braking efficiency will be zero until multiple and fast presses on the brake pedal, the driver will not burn all air in the tubes, hoses and cylinders.

There is even a well-known expression on this topic: "Brakes work from a third pitch." But in difficult road conditions, these are the most "pitchings" just lacking time or distance.

In order to avoid the above-described "perspectives", it is recommended to follow the following rules.

On protracted descents:

Do not turn off the clutch and transmission.

Use braking engine.

The coolest descent, the lower should be the transmission.

Dependence of transmission from speed

Forget for the time about nightmares on the descent from the mountain and will continue the horizontal movement.

After a successful start from the place and short acceleration, the engine of your car asked the next gear. You switch the first transmission to the second, then accelerate again, change the second transmission to the third and so on.

Having achieved a specific speed, you must include the appropriate transmission. And here they begin well-known problems.

"I will not include the fourth gear! I'm afraid!" - Shouts the "novice" instructor.

And why fear something? You have achieved that speed when the engine of your car is "dodged" on the third gear and asks for him to give him a fourth gear. You only need to switch gear in the gearbox, while no one makes you increase the speed of movement! Well, if you fear, it is speeds, not a transfer!

"To go faster, I will include the fourth gear!" - This is also a well-known misconception.

To go "quickly", you need to press the "Gaza" pedal! And the fourth gear you will have to include, as a result of the transition to another high-speed interval!

"I was told that we need to turn right on the second gear!"

What the second transmission, if your car is now "flown" to the rotation at a speed of 60 km / h! First you need to reduce the speed of movement so that it corresponds to the situation, and then change the transfer!

Other erroneous thoughts of "newcomers" are also known on this topic, but they are all only in private incidents of the main error.

Not speed depends on the transfer, but on the contrary - the transmission depends on the speed!

Understand and remember - the speed of motion depends only on how much you put on the gas pedal!

Suppose, moving along a narrow road at a speed of 20 km / h on the second gear, you made several turns and finally left the wide highway free from other machines. So now you can accelerate and ride quickly!

So what should I do for this? Include the fourth (fifth) transmission or click on "Gas"? Of course, you first need to "feed" the engine so that he can dispersed the car, and only then change the transfer.

Or another example. At a speed of 55 km / h in the fourth gear, you drove up to the intersection with the tram paths, and the state of this move cannot be called good.

What do you prefer to do? Think of transfer or put pressure on the brake? I believe that you must first prepare the safe speed for your car and only after that change the transfer.

If we talk about the entrance to the courtyard, then no matter what you had and transmitted, you first need to reduce the speed of up to 5-10 km / h, including the first transmission corresponding to this speed, after which it will be possible to start and turn to the twist itself.

In other words, depending on the change in the road situation, you need to consciously change the speed of movement using gas pedals and brakes, and only as a consequence of the transition to another speed interval, as a forced technical measure, the transfer replacement should follow.

Transmission depends on speed, but not vice versa.

Incorrect operation of the gear shift lever or erroneously inclusive transmission (which does not correspond to the speed interval at the moment) entail as small trouble from the point of view of the overall safety of the road, and lead to large incidents on the road.

The broken engine or gearbox of your car is not very much worried about the neighbor on the road, but when your car becomes unmanaged, it already affects (in the literal sense of the word) everyone who is currently next to you.

Understand that in the technique and tactics of driving a car - there is no trifles!

Believe me every component Driving or even the element of preparation for the beginning of the car movement is extremely important.

See how long the conversation turned out about "just" replacing the gear. I think, after reading this chapter, it makes sense to sit in the car and, not including the engine, work out in the gear shift technique.

If in the near future you have to start the practical driving of the car, then try part of your consciousness to give tactics to the use of gears. Later, the programs can be forgotten at all, since the driver is "with experience", even with a small, head in the process of switching gear is not occupied. His right hand itself makes all necessary workbrought to automatism for the first hundreds of kilometers of conscious driving.

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Learning properly switching gears on a manual box

With a wide distribution of automatic boxes, many newbies prefer to immediately learn to drive on machines with automatic transmission, however, you can only be called a person who can ride a car with any transmission. No wonder, in the driving slices, many prefer to learn to ride with mechanics, even if they have a new car in the garage.

To learn how to properly switch the transmission on mechanics - it is not such a difficult task, but only if practicing enough long enough, you can not pay attention to the type of transmission and confidently feel behind the wheel of the car with any package.

Transmission Ranges on Mechanics

• first transmission - 0-20 km / h;
• second - 20-40;
• third - 40-60;
• fourth - 60-80;
• fifth - 80-90 and higher.

It is worth noting that the speed range in a particular model depends on the gear ratio, but approximately corresponds to the specified scheme.

Translations need to be switched very smoothly, then the car will not sharply twitch or "peel" the nose. It is on this basis that they define that an inexperienced beginner is sitting behind the wheel.

To move from the place, you need to act in this way:

• squeeze the grip;
• pPP lever to put on the first gear;
• with increasing revolutions smoothly release the clutch, the car begins to move;
• the clutch must hold for a while, and then let it go completely;
• then click smoothly on gas and overclock the car to 15-20 km / h.

It is clear that long you will not pass so (if certainly do not learn somewhere on the wasteland). As speed gains, you need to learn to switch to higher programs:

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• remove the foot from the pedal of the gas and reclix again - the transmission is switched only with the squeezed clutch;
• at the same time, put the gearbox lever into the neutral position;
• then switch the lever to the second speed and gas, but also smoothly.

Switching to higher speeds occurs by the same scheme. The faster the car moves, the faster it is necessary to perform this operation.

The higher the speed of movement - the higher the transmission, the highest speed gears have a longer step - the distance between the teeth, respectively, the crankshaft turns are falling with increasing speed.

Switching to lower gears:

• we remove the leg from the gas and slow down to the desired speed;
• squeeze the clutch;
• go to lower gear, bypassing the neutral position of the gearbox lever;
• we release clutch and give gas.

When moving to low transmissions, you can jump through the transmission - with fifth on the second or first. The engine and gearbox will not suffer from this.

Video proper speed switching. Learning to ride smoothly.

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In America, the proportion of new cars sold with a manual box is only 6 percent. Therefore, for many American drivers, driving a car with mechanical transmission Causes great difficulties. So many drivers used to driving vehicles with automatic automatic transmission. In our country, the share of sold cars with mechanical manual transmission So far, a little more than with an automatic box, but, nevertheless, many drivers driving a car with a mechanical transmission causes a lot of difficulties. Our instruction and a small allowance will prepare for all motorists, which will help learn how to ride on mechanics.

Cars with mechanical transmission, as a rule, are cheaper than machines with automatic transmission. But driving vehicle with a manual gearbox, not only allow you to save money when buying a car, but also will open for you new world Avtoman.

Note that many are still equipped with a manual box. But even by purchasing a nonsense car, it will allow you to significantly reduce the cost of fuel, since the machine equipped with MCPP consumes much less than fuel than a car equipped with an automatic box.

What other advantages of mechanical transmissions before automatic boxes? MCPP is much more reliable than automatic transmission and moreover, the cost of repairing mechanics is much less than the repair of a complex machine.

Plus it is controlled by a car with a mechanical transmission than a car with an automatic transmission.

Step One: Why are transmission in the manual transmission?

A manual transmission requires the driver to independently switch speeds. Most cars with MCPP have 4 or 5 speeds and plus one rear transmission rate. In order to master where which the speed of gear is and for which each of them is needed, you need to know the following:

Clutch pedal. When you click on the pedal, the special mechanism in the box gives you the ability to include the necessary transmission using the speed switching knob. Remember that you can switch the gearbox only if the clutch pedal is pressed to the end.

Neutral transmission actually denotes that the torque from the engine will not be transmitted to the wheels. With the engine running and when the neutral transmission is enabled, if you press the gas pedal, the car does not touch. When neutral transmission is enabled, you can include any speed, including rear transmission from this position.

For most cars with 2-ala transmission mechanics is working horseSince the first gear is mainly designed to start from the scene. The second gear will help you go down on a car with a steep slope or help you move in traffic.

The rear transmission is somewhat different from other speeds in the MCPP. This speed has received a slightly larger range of work than the first transmission. At the rear speed, you can accelerate faster than on the 1st. But the rear gear does not "love" when the car is driving in this mode for a very long time (can lead to the failure of the gearbox mechanism).

So rear transmission is not a way of main movement.

The gas pedal allows each speed to use the maximum torque of the engine installed for each speed. Accelerating on a car equipped, you feel every speed, which gives each driver unique sensations of drive and best control above the car.

Step Two: Lighten the location of the gear

Before learning how to ride the mechanics, it is necessary to master the location of each speed of the gear, which is indicated on the switch knob. After all, you will not look at the car's movement on the handle, where is the speed located?! Remember that for the perfect gear shift, you must completely press the clutch pedal, otherwise each speed will be turned on with a characteristic embossed or crunch, which can lead to a transmission breakdown.

If you are a newbie driver, then first from the side from the front passenger seat, as another more experienced driver synchronously presses the clutch pedal and switches speeds. pay attention to maximum speed Car on each transmission.

At first, even by having studied the location of each speed, you will still be mentally remembered where there is a transmission. Over time, you will stop thinking about switching gear each time and will do it at an unconscious level (mechanically). The thing is in habit. So if you are not at the very beginning of the perfect skill of the car control with the manual transmission, then do not be discouraged and do not fall into despair. The speed of gear shift and much more will come to you as the driving experience accumulates.

Another problem of any driver's newcomer who controls the car with a manual box is not knowledge when and what speed turn on. In order to know whether the transmission is right included at a certain vehicle speed, we advise you to navigate the engine sound.

If the engine turnover is very low and the car does not accelerate, you have enabled the overestimated transmission and you need to go to a lower gear.

If the engine turnover is very large, then you need to turn on higher gear to unload the box.

If your car is equipped with a tachometer, then in order to understand when you need to switch the speed, focus on the number of engine revolutions. Despite the fact that each brand and car model with a manual box requires a different transmission order, mostly each transmission can be switched when the engine reach is 3000 revolutions per minute. You can also navigate the speedometer to know when you need to switch the transfer rate.

For example, switch the speed every 25 km / h (1st transmission 1-25 km per hour, 2nd 25-50, 3-a0-70, etc.). Remember that this is just a general rule of gearbox gearbox. And than these values \u200b\u200bwill deviate up to the increase.

Step Three: Engine Start

Put the gear knob to the neutral position, after pressing the clutch pedal before you have a motor. Do not switch the transmissions without a pressed pedal, as this may lead to the failure of the manual transmission. Running the engine, warm it up operating temperature. If you warmer the car in winter, then the first few minutes of warming up do not let the clutch pedal after turning on the neutral transmission. This will allow you to warm up the frozen oil in the box much faster.

Attention!!! Do not start the motor motor when the transfer is enabled. This will lead to an uncontrolled movement of the machine, which can lead to an accident.

Step Four: Properly Use the Clutch Pedag

The clutch is a mechanism that helps you smoothly switch the speed of gear. Always squeeze the grip to the end. If you switch the transmission while driving, not until the end of the clutch, then you will hear a crush or crunch. Try to avoid it so as not to damage the box.

Also remember that the left foot should press only the clutch pedal. Right leg only gas pedal and brake pedal.

The first time it will be hard for you to perfectly release the clutch after switching speed. To this you need to get used to it. If you are experiencing problems with this, we advise you after switching the transfer slowly release the grip to feel the moment of the start of the transfer.

Avoid unnecessary accelerations of the car, when the clutch pedal is pressed until the end. Do not produce a habit to leave the clutch pedal by more than 2 seconds (even on traffic lights - use neutral speed).

Many newcomers drivers experience a problem with a very rapid release of the clutch pedal. Do not be discouraged if you do not work. Over time, you get used to and you will not notice how coordinated you switch the transfer. Remember that difficulties are experiencing everything. As soon as you start often ride in dense urban traffic, you quickly gain experience.

Step Fifth: Sophisticated Coordinated Actions

What ? This is your door to the world of driving acceleration and special car perception. But in order to fully feel the true pleasure of managing the car with mechanics, well-coordinated and coordinated actions are needed. As an example for the 1st and 2nd speed, we give all your actions that you must bring to automatism over time.

Slit clutch pedal to the end. Switch the speed knob to the first speed. Start slowly let the clutch pedal, at the same time smoothly and slowly pressing the gas pedal. By bringing the clutch pedal somewhere until the middle, you will feel that the torque began to be completely transmitted to the wheels. After releasing a smoothly clutch pedal to the end, accelerate to 25 km / h. Next, you need to go to the second gear. To do this, push the clutch to the end again and switch the speed to the second gear, after which it smoothly, lowering the clutch pedal, slowly add gas.

Step Six: Downshifting

Downshifting method of switching lower car gear during deceleration. As you will switch the transmissions when the speed is reduced, and how it works automatically, when a vehicle is slowed down, has a huge difference. Switching to reduced speed will help you not only slow down the car, but also allows you to include that speed that is valid.

Downshifting will help you in bad slippery weather both in the summer, and in winter, do not resort to braking using brake pedal, if it is necessary to reduce the speed, which makes it more secure car movement in contrast to the machine equipped with automatic transmission.

Here is an example as possible using downshifting to stop the car from the speed of 70 km / h:

- Press the clutch pedal and switch the box to the 3rd transmission, moving my right foot from the gas pedal to the brake.

- To avoid high revolutions Release the clutch pedal slowly.

- Before you stop, squeeze the clutch pedal again.

- Do not turn on, as a reduced transmission, the first speed.

This stop method will allow you to dwell much faster and safer than when braking one brake pedal.

Step seventh: rear speed

Be careful when switching the back of the car. If incorrectly turning on the gear lever can jump out. Never try to turn on rear speedwhile the car does not completely stop. On some models, in order to turn on the rear speed, you must first press on the gear shift knob.

Remember that the rear gear has a high range of work, so be careful and do not push the gas pedal strongly, as the car can quickly dial dangerous.

Step eighth: movement on the hill

As a rule, most road roads Do not have a flat plane due to terrain relief. Therefore, stopping on the road, in many places the car without a brake begins to roll back. Troce on the road with an inclined plane is much more complicated than on an equal terrain. In order to perfectly learn how to touch the hill, it is necessary to fix your skills with the following exercise.

Stand on the road with an inclined plane and, putting a car on a manual parking brake ("Putton"), turn on neutral transmission. Now your task, releasing the handbrake, turn on the first gear, squeezing the clutch pedal, move on a hill, release smoothly clutch simultaneously pressing the gas pedal. At some point you will feel that the car stopped driving back. It is in this position that you can hold the car on the slope or a hill without a brake.

Step ninth: Parking

Leaving the car in the parking lot after you drown out the motor, learn the clutch pedal and turn on the first transmission. So you will protect your car from rolling into your absence. For reliability, it is also necessary to raise the parking brake lever (or press the button if the electronic handler). The main thing is to remember that returning before you have a car, you must definitely switch to a neutral position.

Step Tenth: Practice

All these actions will seem to you at first very complicated and heavy. But it's all natural. During the operation of a car, your experience will grow. Remember that the more practice, the more driving experience you acquire. If you are still afraid to get driving the car's wheel, then make independent driving workouts on any site where other cars are missing. Thus, you will gain confidence in the automatic management.

As soon as you become bolder, we advise you in earlier morning or at night practicing in real road conditions of your settlement. Examine all the roads, especially where you intend to ride a car most often. The lack of cars will give you confidence at this time.

Many are afraid to drive a car with mechanics. Some declare that it is not comfortable and not modern. Do not listen to anyone. Manual gearbox, despite obsolete technologies, remains one of the most reliable transmissions in the automotive industry.

Yes, in some moments, the mechanic slightly reduces the driving comfort, but for it you will be rewarded much more control over the car, high power, better fuel efficiency, cheap service cost and not expensive repair (Compared with automatic transmission), valuable life skill driving, which allows you to manage almost any vehicle in the world.