It is always interesting to observe the changing phenomena, especially if you are involved in creating these phenomena. Now we will collect the simplest (but really working) an electric motor consisting of a power source, a magnet and a small coil of the wire, which we ourselves.
There is a secret that will make this set of items become an electric motor; The secret that is simultaneously smart and amazingly simple. That's what we need:
1.5V battery or battery.
Holder with contacts for the battery.
Magnet.
1 meter wire with enamel insulation (diameter 0.8-1 mm).
0.3 meters of uninsulated wire (diameter 0.8-1 mm).
We will start with winding the coil, that part of the electric motor that will rotate. To make the coil sufficiently smooth and round, we wock it on a suitable cylindrical frame, for example, on a battery of AA sizes.
Leaving free 5 cm wires from each end, we wock 15-20 turns on the cylindrical frame.
Do not try especially tightly and smoothly wind the coil, a small degree of freedom will help the coil better to preserve its shape.
Now carefully remove the coil from the frame, trying to keep the resulting form.
Then wrap several times the free ends of the wire around the turns to preserve the shape, observing the new bonding turns to be exactly opposite each other.
The coil should look like this: 
Now the time is the secret, the features that will make the motor work. This is a secret, because it is an exquisite and non-obvious reception, and it is very difficult to detect when the motor works. Even people who know a lot about the operation of the engines can be surprised by the motor's ability to work until it detects this subtlety.
Holding the coil vertically, put one of the free ends of the coil on the edge of the table. Remove the upper half of the insulation, leaving the lower half in the enamel isolation.
Do also the same with the second end of the coil, observing the uninsulated ends of the wires to be directed up the two free ends of the coil.
What is the meaning of this reception? The coil will lie on two holders made of uninsulated wire. These holders will be attached to different ends of the battery, so that the electrical current can pass from one holder through the coil to another holder. But it will only happen when uninsulated half of the wires are lowered down, touching holders.
Now it is necessary to make support for the coil. These are just turns of the wires that support the coil and allow it to rotate. They are made of uninsulated wire, since in addition to supporting the coil, they should deliver to it electric current.
Just wrap every piece of uninsulated wire around a small nail - and get the desired part of our engine.
The basis of our first electric motor will be the battery holder. It will be a suitable base, because when the battery is installed, it will be difficult enough for the electric motor to be trembled.
Collect five parts together, as shown in the picture (at the beginning without a magnet). Put the magnet on top of the battery and carefully push the coil ... 
If everything is done correctly, the coil will start to rotate quickly! We hope that you, as in our experiment, everything will work the first time.
If still the motor did not earn, carefully check all electrical connections. Does the coil rotate freely? Is it easy to closely located magnet (if not enough, install additional magnets or cut wire holders)?
When the motor earn, the only thing to pay attention to - so that the battery does not overheat, as the current is large enough. Just remove the coil - and the chain will be torn.
Let's find out exactly how our simple electric motor works. When electric current flows on the wire of any coil, the coil becomes an electromagnet. Electromagnet acts as an ordinary magnet. It has the North and South Pole and can attract and repel other magnets.
Our coil becomes an electromagnet when the non-insulated half of the protruding coil wires concerns the uninsulated holder. At this moment, the coil begins to flow the current, the coil arises the North Pole, which is attracted to the southern pole. permanent magnet, and the South Pole, which is repelled from the southern pole of a permanent magnet.
We filmed isolation from the top of the wire, when the coil stood vertically, so the pole of the electromagnet will be directed to the right and left. And this means that the poles will come into motion to settle in one plane with poles of the lying magnet, pointing up and down. Therefore, the coil turns to the magnet. But at the same time, the isolated part of the coil wire is touched by the holder, the current will be interrupted, and the coil will no longer be an electromagnet. It will be checked on the inertia further, will again affect the uninsulated part of the holder and the process will repeat again and again until the current is running in the batteries.
How can the electric motor rotate faster?
One of the ways is to add another magnet from above.
Apply the magnet during the rotation of the coil, and one of two will happen: or the motor will stop, or start rotating faster. The choice of one of two options will depend on which pole of the new magnet will be sent to the coil. Just do not forget to hold the lower magnet, and then the magnets jum down to each other and destroy the fragile design!
Another way is to put small glass beads on the coil axis, which will reduce the friction of the coil of holders, and also better balanced the electric motor.
There are still many ways to improve this simple design, but the main goal is achieved - you have collected and fully understood how the simplest electric motor works.
(According to the author provided by the author)Article: & NBSP Tokmakov N.M.
It will be about the cause of a person who is passionate about the environmental transport of a person, the Soviet officer, the Russian colonel Bosnoskova Valery Vasilyevich.
Valery Vasilyevich, spending his entire military part of life on landfills and in the hot spots of Africa and the Middle East, after retirement, was given to his beloved hobby - ecological transport. Namely electric vehicles, the most promising alternative to the closest future. He actively participates in the Internet forums of the electric car, creates its own website and forum, making a lot of effort supporting his lively work. Valery Vasilyevich puts the purpose of showing that not only the concerns can build an electric vehicle, but also a simple person can make an electric vehicle, register and enjoy on the general reasons. To popularize the idea, several samples of electrical transport were created, the center was created. environmental transportWork is underway in the Government of Moscow to create a Moscow serial electric vehicle. In recent years, several copies of electrical engineering have been created, namely electric monaua, Truck Porter, Electric Trike, Electric Suzuki Motorcycle, Electric Buggy, in the transformation stage there is a SMART car.
And now directly about the products:
Monza is one of the first transformers - the conversion of Opel Monza 1981 release into an electric vehicle. For the electrification of the car, the experience of Western electric cars was used: a collector electric motor manufactured by Advanced DC Motors (USA) with a 120V power supply voltage and a controller delivered from the United States. Through the transition slab, the electric motor is connected directly to the gearbox. The remission of the car occupied time about six months. The weight of the electric vehicle turned out to be 1,500 kilograms.
The first result was successful and inspired by the author to continue work. Electric car has good dynamics and handling. On the Internet you can find rollers with exponential departures of the electric vehicle. Overclocking time up to 100 km / hour 14 seconds, mileage on one charge without stopping 60 km, daytime mileage (with stops) 75 km, maximum speed 120 km / h.
The first photo gives the view how the dashboard (torpedo) has changed former car. It added a voltmetre on 120 volts and an ammeter. Next, we can see the switching equipment that is used in an electric car: contactor, shunt, retainer to control the engine speed, 1500 amp machine to protect against overload and short circuits.
On one of the following photos, we see a traction engine with a peak capacity of 60 kW, the size of the classification of the manufacturer 8 "(eight inches). And closes the gallery of shots photo charger Susan on 132 volts with a 3 kW charging current power.
Due to considerable interest in the electric vehicle, it was overhauled, repainted to the body, pulled out the insanity of the cabin, replaced the decorative elements of the body.
Electro-monza is one of two officially registered electric vehicles, has a license plate. Video can be obtained from the Rutube resource: http://rutube.ru/tracks/205904.html?v\u003d4c673a528749dcdcb942c5382d975a1d
The alteration of the car occupied only 3 months, taking into account the waiting for the ordered parts and batteries. The work was performed two people. Truck does not fall under restrictions for trucksIn addition, it has benefits as a electrified vehicle.
The truck with the electric motor has more best speaker than with native turbodiesel. The charge time of the accumulators with a storage capacity of 25 kilowatt is 6-8 hours.
In August of this year (2009), registration records were obtained and now an electric truck on legal grounds may be a road participant.
In the process of registration, a certain change in the order of certification in us was revealed. Now you need to submit analogs of the vehicle. The fact is that when registering "Gazelle-Electro", the GAZ company certified some units, such as Azure Dynamics / Solectria, Gast Vacuum, Thundersky Batteries and some others. The challenger for certification is easier to go through the procedure if you use these units. With unknown Chinese, it will be difficult to register.
Trike - Biker's dream. Just what is needed for a plumbing trip to the native town, the village. Relieve people to show yourself.
The electric motorcycle was going for pleasure purposes and fully justified the expectations assigned to him.
The obtained technical characteristics of the electricotocycle:
Characteristics: Speed \u200b\u200b- up to 80 km / h, Mileage - 50 km,
Accelerated charging time - 1 hour,
Mass - 160 kg, Akb Leooch, 55 a * h., - Three things.
Recovery, reverse.
ETEK Motor, three-phase powered by direct current, 4/9 kW.
Controller - Millipak, 300 A, 36 volts.
Converter 36-72 in 14 V.
Cost of alteration - 60.000 rubles.
Electric buggy is not yet completed project. But already have something to show.
Specifications:
Speed \u200b\u200b50 km / h, stroke 40 km. Reverse Implemented by electric reverse.
Mass 280 kg.
Motor sequential excitation Raymond, USA, 13/35 kW., Altrax controller, 72 V, 450 A.
Six Akb Leoo, 75 A * h.
Reverse contactors, England. On the original stood the engine IL. The drive is carried out chain transmission With the leading asterisk of 15 teeth, driven 50 teeth and chain in 15.85 mm increments. The drive is transmitted to the wheels with a large protector from sports buggy. Steering As be accepted on buggy, pendulum design. The wiring is made by a cable of 70 square meters., Reverse as already mentioned - on contactors. The protection machine is located near the driver of the Mesdu 3rd and the fourth battery. The total weight of nutrition batteries is 150 kg. The first test trips showed the need to apply additional cooling engine. It is planned to put around each of the four windows of the electric motor coolers from computers. In the creative biography, Valeria Vasilyevich is not the first buggy. One of the past instances is presented below in the photo. It has a crazy dynamics and speed for its class of vehicles.
In the year 2010 laid new project - Conversion of the car Swift in an electric car.
Specifications:
Speed \u200b\u200b50 km / h, reserve stroke 60-80 km km. Rear is implemented by the controller.
Weight 725 in the original, after removing unnecessary nodes of 575 kg. The final weight has not yet decided.
Sequential excitation motor 48 volts, 150 amps, Altrax controller, 48 V, 450 A.
Eight six-step stationary batteries with a capacity of 180 a * h Weighing 30 kg from France. Converter from Taiwan. Charger European, smart, impulse, 56 V, 45 A.
The numbers with the inscription "Electric Mobile" are already available.
Reverse contactors, England. It is decided to establish a Golfkar motor for a 5 kW of rated power on the car. Voltage aboard while 48 volts. It is sharpened and installed on the motor flange flange with a bearing under the rotor shaft. Made a transition elastic clutch with slots at the ends and transitional plan-washer. Motor with a box are articulated. Installed on the car.
Enter 220 volts made from the place of the filling neck. Through the familiar connector. Through the fuses, they brought under the hood, where there is a memory of 25 A (left). When using a full-fledged native gearbox and a 5-kilowatt electric motor, the overclocking dynamics is approximately the same as the 1000 cubes donor. Voltage drawdown is not marked. On the Altrax controller, a limit of 70% start and max currents is calibrated.
Switching gear light, without jerks and side sounds. The brakes require some effort despite the cutting mass of cars in 900 kg + 100 kg of driver. In general, the dynamics and handling of the car are good.
Before installing on the car replaced the oil in the checkpoint. Filled an automatic with a viscosity coefficient by SAE equal to 50 units. It is assumed that the efficiency of the mild gearbox is not lower than 94-95%. Losses are insignificant. Much smaller than due to the operation of the electric motor outside the nominal revolutions in case of refusal from the full transmission.
The clutch is not installed on all cars. Excess node. Only reduce overclocking dynamics. The energy of the rotating rotor of the electric motor is negligible compared to the state of resting the car.
After a five-minute intense check-in, the controller on the radiator and the electric motor is only slightly warm. As a positive result of moderate loads on the electrical part. By using the PPC. There is an opportunity to further increase the dynamics of overclocking, removing all restrictions from the controller. The wiring is made by a cable of 70 square meters. It wanders the thought of putting 8 Akb Minn-Cat, 100 a * h, 12 V. They are close to the current one. Will weigh 185 kg instead of 240 kg. And the energy intensity will provide about 10 kW * h. Now theoretically 9 kWh * h, in practice - less. They are not new.
When placed on the machine of four 105 a * h and four 120 a * h, the Akb "Dec" can be obtained by almost 11 kW * h energy with a mass of batteries of only 205 kg. What will provide mileage on one charge at least 100 km at a speed of 60 km / h. At the price of a battery total 50.000. And resource up to 700 cycles at 60% discharge.
On brakes. Perhaps a vacuum amplifier will be installed. There's a meaning. The kit is available.
Heating salon will be. It is planned to stick a couple of dozen ceramic resistors of 25 W on the stove radiator. Other options are possible.
Counting the cost of components:
1. The cost of the motor was 500 dollars, a used controller - about the same.
2. In the event of a refusal of the checkpoint, the electric motor would require a minimum of 4 times large. And the corresponding converter to it. At a summary price of at least 4500 dollars. Weighing 50 kg. Immediately there would be a need to acquire more powerful AKB. Put a different contactor. And much more.
In conclusion, it is not superfluous to report that a cheap electric car satisfying most of the requirements for the car is possible. Valery Vasilyevich came to this conclusion from the following considerations:
1. Electric car B. budget variant May drive up to 100 km per day.
2. The main path of most people living and operating in the city from home to work and back does not exceed 50-60 kilometers, and this is the main daily route. And really, if you think, it becomes clear that this main route eats a lot of money on gasoline, despite the fact that half the time people stand in traffic. At the same time, gasoline continues to be consumed, and the electric vehicle at this point is not to consume any watt of energy. In addition, the property of batteries is such that, if simple, they are a bit self-painting. So that for electric vehicle it is profitable in double.
3. The electric car can please the owner of low-cost operation, dynamism, the ability to move in those places where the downlock is prohibited. Ride occurs in complete silence.
4. In the world there is a process of electrification of transport. Automakers are developing serial electric cars. In the coming years, electric cars will begin to go from conveyors by a mass flow.
Note: In the spring of this year (2009) at a meeting of the government, Moscow Mayor, Yuri Luzhkov, said that it was necessary to translate intracity transport to the electric car. In his opinion, electric vehicles will benefit on the ecology of the city, and this work is very important. It is planned to open references for electric vehicles using preferential night-tariffs for electricity, to provide the preservation of electric vehicles on access to the city center, parking benefits.
The current action is so silent by the fate of environmental transport.
Externally, the usual "Niva", as soon as it approaches closer - you understand that something is wrong with her. The car works silently. Everything is explained as soon as the driver opens the hood - there is no usual equipment for the car with the engine.
"This battery itself, believes its part - the other part is in the trunk, while the trunk is completely free, - explains Yuri Logvin, showing the" insides "of the homemade electrocarbus. - This is the heater tank, the machine is equipped with a hydraulic heater, as on the "Zaporozhet", only there the air heats up, and here the toosol is heated and tosol heats up the salon. In this case, it is worth the battery from Nissan Leaf, they have already appeared in Ukraine and, in principle, you can buy "BESUT" for quite acceptable money. "
Yuri notes that he chose this type of battery, based on practical considerations: "The lead battery goes to an electric car for a maximum of two or three years - this has already checked the practice many of our colleagues. And this should walk ten years at least. I have the second car "Slavuta", here I have been driving on it for the third year and did not notice any reduction of the tank. "
Instead of gasoline "Niva" feeds on electricity, respectively, the fuel tank is missing. "If you wish, you can make a three-phase connector, then you can take not 3 kW, and about 9 - 10 kW, - shows the Harkovchanin plug for recharging under the former hatch fuel tank. - That is, if this is a taxi - then, probably, it makes sense with all this "bother". For domestic use - most of the maximum input is about 5 kW.
"The maximum speed is about 120 km / h, that is, the faster you are going, the faster you spend. If you drive at a speed of 60 km / h, then you can drive, approximately 110 km, if you go 120 km / h - then I think the charge is enough somewhere on kilometers 70, "says specifications Electric vehicle Ukrainian rationalizer. - The machine slows down recuperative - no energy loss, the pads are not heated. You can set up differently: now the "comfortable" mode is installed, in which the braking is not very strong when the car stops too fast - the people begins to be nervous. "
It influences the operation of the electric vehicle and the air temperature, explains Yuri Logvin. The stroke reserve decreases, but not so much. This happens due to the fact that in the battery resistance is slightly increasing. In winter, you can ride quite comfortably with a good stove. "On small lifts, the car accelerates quite confidently," says Yuri, "the sound of the helicopter, or an airplane, I don't know. A good plus that the wheels are big - in Kharkiv roads do not feel so feeling these "Colds" and the borders confidently "climbs". "
In the middle of the salon, everything is in their places, but this is at first glance: additional indicators are noted on the torpedo, which show the voltage in the system, the temperature of the motor and the level of gasoline in the heater tank. Also present stove control regulators. Everything else - standard elements dashboard "Niva".
This is not the first who collected Yuri Logvin. According to him, he is on gasoline car No longer reassemble. The re-equipment of the ordinary machine to the electric will cost 7 - 10 thousand euros. In addition to money engineering worksIt will take a few more thousands of hryvnia for the registration of a re-equipped car in the traffic police. "Register the replacement of the unit, it is approximately 3 thousand hryvnias. Everything is quite officially, that is, an abstract in the Kiev Institute is compiled, from being confirmed on the basis of this, here in the traffic police can be recorded, "says Kharkiv.
Video: Idea Factory: Here it is the electric car "DIY"!
So let's figure it in gradually in the work done.
The guys from Lithuania took old VAZ-2106, even demonstrated that it works - installed the battery and started the engine internal combustion.
Most likely the guys were used as an example of a prototype -.
In principle, a fairly good choice of the car, VAZ 2106 is enough easy machine. At the same time, the car is not the smallest of the body with large trains relative to the axis of the wheels in front and behind. Quite a lot of space in Vaz-A in open space And in the trunk - it was where the wizard installed a whole battery battery.
Let's return to the engine. As far as can be judged by video - for the electric drive, they decided to use a 12 kW direct current motor, most likely with a supply voltage of 110 volts. It can be assumed that similar engines are used in electrocars or industrial devices.
12 kW in terms of approximately 17 hp - that most likely does not promise big dynamics collected car. However, I would like to see that an internal combustion engine is dismantled from the car, which is essentially 80 percent of the car weight. By itself body VAZ-A Not heavy.
I would like to note one not a very positive moment - the guys decided to use the native mechanical box Transmission Vase. It was not known whether they had to redo what the features of the gearbox design (say to delete synchronizers), but you can clearly see that the transmissions are shifted without connecting and disconnecting the clutch.
Very not a good moment was noticeable when one of the authors concerns the foot of the gearbox shaft and on different transmissions Can not stop it. Then turn on neutral transmission And the shaft is still spinning. At the same time, quite distinct noise and the shaft continues to rotate, at least a small effort of it and can be stopped.
It all says that the box is not in better conditionMost likely there will be quite large losses in it. If you consider that the box itself will add the weight of the car, as well as it transmission numbers In principle, not very relevant when using the electric motor (the moment on different speeds of the engine is almost the same) - it is possible to use the native box was not the best solution.
Although the box with a clutch block has facilitated the installation process many times.
As far as I managed to understand the video, the guys welded the clutch disc to the axis of the electric motor, as well as welded the frame from the angle to fasten the engine in the engine compartment.
From the same corner, a frame was collected and a frame with which the clutch disc on the electric motor was connected to the clutch disk on the gearbox.
In the course of all the video, it was not possible to understand whether the creators were used by this clutch in direct appointment - most likely not.
One of the authors demonstrates us after assembly as a car himself visits the garage. Most likely, only a regular battery is used for feeding and it is enough that the car itself drove into the garage. You can even see how the sparks fly when the motor is directly connected to the battery.
Now to manage this mighty beast, it was necessary to collect a strong power controller. The test was carried out from 24 volt voltage (2 batteries of 12 volts). The only thing that can be noticed on the video is that which is most likely some kind of microcontroller and several field transistors were used (in the 24 volt scheme for only 3 pieces). Most likely, the woodwicks are not very hot, as the authors of the video boldly concern radiators with their hands when operating the electric motor.
Final videos demonstrate the work of the car, including on the track.
Here you can clearly notice what the car looks like after full cycle assembly. In a fairly large trunk, 5 batteries were installed by the authors. It is noticeable that the chopper is immediately installed for emergency shutdown All accumulators from the trunk, possibly there the current fuse is installed nearby, and it can also be an automatic relay that closes the contacts when the system starts. In general, there are any solutions that are essentially important for the safe use of such powerful. electrical systems, and at the same time, the essence of the process is not changed.
Immediately in the trunk, we can notice the absence of spare parts - a very correct solution to relieve the car.
In the procession space installed three more batteries. As we viewed above, a lot of space in the boiled vase, if plus it takes into account that the engine used in this design is quite small compared to the internal combustion engine.
It will be very correct to the solution on the location of the batteries in the front and rear part evenly, it will very positively affect the routing of the car, which means that its resistance on the road is controllability.
The new control unit for 96 volts now looks at all. It is assembled in a beautiful brilliant aluminum building and there are already told thoughts that it can be even factory manufacture. Immediately next to the control unit hid a regular battery battery, for food on-board network Auto. Now, for its charging, the voltage converter is also needed and it probably lies in the same box of control unit.
Power batteries are much more regular. It can be assumed that most likely these are serviced traction batteries (visible tubes on each section, battery cell).
It was also possible to find the official website of the SIAP battery manufacturer http://www.siap.pl/firma.html - the company is involved in the production of traction batteries, unfortunately not described what type (most likely they are lead-acid).
Total battery capacity 110 Ah
Operating voltage 96 volts
At the same time, as we remember the power of a motor 12000 watts
That is, each battery at a 12 volt voltage produces 100 amps to the load - approximately equivalent to 1200 watts. Completely valid values, if we consider that such currents will proceed only at full load. Most likely the batteries do not even heat with uniform movement and work in stable mode.
On the video where the car stops and starts at the traffic light again, it can be noted that the current reaches 178 amps (178 A * 96 volts \u003d 17080 watts). It is even more than the rated power of the engine. By the way, I would like to notice that very many engines can work in short-term overload modes up to double rated power.
As a result, according to the authors, the electric car VAZ 2106 may
- Charges from the network 220 volts within 7-8 hours
- Full charge takes 50-60 km
- Maximum speed of 70 km / h (on the video you can only watch the movement demonstration at a speed of 40 km / h)
Can anyone repeat the experience of such talented masters. Or maybe such cars will finally be allowed into the series?
The problem of creating alternative transport in Ukraine is solved not only by scientists (hybrid "Sable", "AC" No. 7'2009). The self-made electric car "Electra-2", the creation of Kiev Masters Mikhalycha, was created in the usual garage cooperative, where our acquaintance was held with her.
The problem of creating alternative transport in Ukraine is solved not only by scientists (hybrid "Sable", "AC" No. 7'2009). Homemade electric car "Electra-2", the creation of Kiev Masters Mikhalycha, was created in the usual garage cooperative, where our acquaintance was held.
Attentive reader asks why "Elektra-2"? The first creation of Valentina Mikhailovich Gersbswight (in the circle of colleagues - Mikhalych) appeared in 1992. It was a double convertible with a precipitated roof, assembled on a welded frame and sheathed with sheet gland. The homemade electric vehicle at a speed of 30-35 km / h could drive up to 100 km and easily developed his maximum 60 km / h.
But progress does not stand still and the desire to create an enthusiast-craftscher, despite the 15-year-old break, did not disappear. And although the work on the "Electro-2" has not yet been completed, we managed to ride with the breeze on a silent electric car.
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The mechanism of the steering from Motocolus Szd - Wheel. It is easier and more compact worm, has a smaller gear ratio and is therefore more convenient for a high-speed car. |
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Electromobile from "Volyn". |
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With the world on a thread ...
Frame homemade electric vehicles It was welded from rectangular pipes and sheathed with stainless steel sheets. The choice of material for the plating is not accidental. Stainless steel, although more than conventional steel, but more stronger, besides, it is not afraid of corrosion and is better connected by point electric welding. The thickness of the plating on the sides and at the bottom - 0.8 mm, in some unloaded zones - 0.5 mm.
The front axle together with the steering mechanism is borrowed from Motocolus Szd, better known as a "disabled". Such a choice is caused by its ease, and even by strength, it can give odds to many modern.
IN rear axle Gatches are collected from ZAZ-968 and LUAZ-969. Levers rear suspension taken from "Zaporozhets". For parallelism, the suspension moves had to remake slightly. And in order not to rust, Mikhalych disadvantaged them with a solid seam, the bay inside the glass of nigrol.
Hubs and half views of Lois. The main transmission (also from "Volyn") is connected to the electric motor through the cardan and the coupling. And the possibility of blocking the differential improves car's permeability. As they say, with the world on the thread ... and the chassis is ready.
Despite the fact that all body work It is carried out using a gas burner, point welding and hand tools (hammer, scissors), the stainless shell turned out quite neat and symmetrical.
Homemade electric car and its filling
As power aggregate A 15-kilowatte electric motor ADVANCED peak capacity of 60 kW was taken. It is controlled by a pulse modulator (PWM, electronic key-based electrical circuit, designed to optimize the power transmission process from the battery to the electric motor) Curtis. These components, together with the "Zivan charger" (3 kW), are included in the so-called re-equipment of conveyor vehicles in electric vehicles, which has been successfully sold in the United States and European countries for several years.
The role of the battery is executed 10 traction lead batteries Trojan Minn Kota (130 a / h each), which are pretty neatly accommodated in the luggage and pumping compartments of the cabriolet.
In case of urban, the battery ride is enough for 100 km of run, and the maximum speed of the electric vehicle is 150 km / h.
To extend the life of the batteries, the author of the project has changed the classic way to connect the battery to the electric motor. Two sections (each by 5 batteries) are connected in parallel - to the controller during acceleration and driving there is a voltage in 60 V. For high speeds and loads of the toggle switch on the instrument panel battery switches to 120 volts ( serial connection sections). Such complication made it possible to save it from impulse high-frequency loads harmful to the service life, replacing them with a practically constant discharge current.
Homemade electric vehicle: electromotive
And, of course, recovery. Electric car without ability to charge the battery when braking is considered defective. But, according to the designer itself, the amount of energy returned as a result of recovery in the battery, meager compared to the movement spent. The role of electrotractics (albeit ineffective) in Elert-2 executes the LADA 110 generator, which is installed directly on the traction motor and is connected to it by regular pulleys.
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Self-made electric vehicle test drive
In theory when driving at a speed of up to 60 km / h, the battery charge is enough for 100 km run. You can go and faster (the maximum speed "Electra-2" 150 km / h), but already due to the reduction of the run. The battery is charged from the household outlet, about six hours spent on a complete charge, or three hryvnia, if you take in cash equivalent.
The salon of the silver handsome was not impressed as his appearance (old shabby seats hanging from all sides), although the devices are installed quite conveniently. The visibility is quite acceptable. No ignition key, one click toggle switch and control lamp On the instrument shield gives good movement. It is not necessary to make special efforts: the pedal is gas, the pedal is the brake and the steering wheel. Rear turn - please, for this, a lever reverse is located on the usual KP lever.
Homemade electric car - The car is obedient and completely silent, if not to take into account a slight knock on the unfinished roof. The jerk could not be obtained, although the overclocking dynamics is quite acceptable and is very felt when the accelerator pedal is working. The reason for such humans is the energy-saving controller settings, which, during acceleration, takes a low (up to 50 V) voltage to the electric motor.
As for 150 km / h, then confirm the author's declared author maximum speed "Electra-2" we failed (by virtue of road and weather conditions). Although, if you judge the dynamics, which, when driving in 60 km / h, did not decrease, but only increased, the ability of this electric car to quickly drive doubts. It will be possible to say for sure in the summer when the electric vehicle will be ready and will be registered in the MREO.
The author of the project
To the question why I created a homemade electric car "Electra-2", I have several answers. First, I want to show the public that the electric vehicle today can be vehicle For urban ride. Secondly, to demonstrate to the leaders of enterprises, which exactly should be produced, which will be in demand, and not lie in warehouses. And thirdly, to prove to their own and foreign sons that technical creativity can be more exciting than computer games. Unfortunately, any undertaking is unpromising if it does not have the support of the state, officials and the media.
Vladislav Sidiac
Photo of Andrey Yatsulyak
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