Home Transmission Diagnostics of carburetor engine: power system. Repair of the power supply engine of the gasoline engine system

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Diagnostics of carburetor engine: power system. Repair of the power supply engine of the gasoline engine system

The carburetor motor supply system includes fuel tank, fueling, fuel filters, fuel pump, air filter, carburetor and intake pipeline. The supply system also includes the exhaust pipeline of the engine and the muffler.

The fuel supply for the engine is stored in a tank, from which the fuel is supplied to the carburator of the fuel supply pump. The filter-sump purifies fuel from mechanical impurities and separates the water randomly in it. The air filter clears from dust incoming atmospheric air entering the carburetor.

The carburetor prepares a fuel mixture, which enters the cylinders in the inlet pipe. The exhaust pipeline takes out the spent gases from cylinders. The silencer reduces the noise of exhaust gases overlooking the atmosphere.

The principle of operation and the general device of the carburetor. In the housing of the simplest carburetor, a float and mixing chamber are placed. The float acting on the needle valve supports a constant level of fuel in the float chamber. The hole informs the float chamber with the atmosphere.

In the upper part of the mixing chamber there is an inlet air nozzle, a diffuser is installed in an average, which has a narrowed flow cross section (the neck), and at the bottom (outlet) - the damper, called the choke, reinforced on the roller passed through the holes in the mixing chamber walls. Using the lever on the outer end of the throttle roller, the latter can be rotated to the desired position. The outlet of the mixing chamber is connected to the engine inlet pipeline by means of a flange.

The cavity of the float chamber is reported to the spray, derived in the throat of the diffuser, the buster having a calibrated hole. The upper cut of the sprayer is located above the fuel level in the float chamber, the fuel is not poured.

During the engine operation, the atmospheric air entering the cylinders with the intake tacks passes through the mixing chamber, in which, as in the cylinders, a vacuum is formed equal to the pressure of the pressure of atmospheric and in the mixing chamber. It is known that when the fluid or gas is moving along the pipeline, their pressure in the narrowed plot is reduced, and the speed rises. Therefore, the greatest vacuum, and therefore, the maximum air velocity is created in the throat of diffuser

The main malfunctions of the power supply system of the gasoline engine with the carburetor are:

· Termination of fuel supply to the carburetor;

· Education is too poor or rich fuel mixture;

· Fuel leakage, difficult launch of a hot or cold engine;

· Unstable engine work at idle;

· Engine interruptions, increased fuel consumption;

· The main causes of the termination of fuel can be: damage to valves or fuel pump diaphragm; clogging of filters; Freezing of water in fuel lines. In order to determine the reasons for the lack of fuel supply, you need to disconnect the hose supplying the fuel from the pump to the carburetor, omitted from the carburetor the end of the hose into the transparent container so that the gasoline does not hit the engine and it has not occurred, and swing up the fuel to the fuel pump lever Or turning the crankshaft starter. If the fuel jet appears with a good pressure, the pump is correct.

· Then you need to remove the fuel filter of the inlet fitting and check if it was clogged. The fracturing of the pump is evidenced by the weak fuel supply, periodic fuel supply and the absence of fuel supply. These reasons can also be told that the fuel supply line from the fuel tank to the fuel pump is clogged.

· The main causes of depletion of the combustible mixture can be: Reducing the fuel level in the float chamber; jealing needle valve float chamber; weak fuel pump pressure; Pollution of fuel jams.

· If the bandwidth of the main fuel oil changes changes, this leads to an increase in the toxicity of exhaust gases and reduce the economic indicators of the engine.

· If the engine loses power, From the carburetor heard "shots", and the engine is overheated, then the causes of these problems can be: weak fuel supply to the float chamber, clogging of loopholes and sprayers; Slug or damage to the equomoomizer valve, air seats through looseness of the fastening of the carburetor and the intake manifold. The loss of engine power when working on a depleted mixture may occur due to the slow combustion of the mixture and, as a result, less gases in the cylinder. When depleting a combustible mixture, the engine overheats, because the combustion of the mixture occurs slowly and not only in the combustion chamber, but also in the entire volume of the cylinder. In this case, the heating area of \u200b\u200bthe walls and the temperature of the coolant increases.

To repair and eliminate defects, it is necessary to check the fuel supply. If the fuel supply is normal, it is necessary to check whether there is no air suction in the connections, for which the engine is started, the air damper is closed, turn off the ignition and inspect the location of the carburetor compound and the inlet pipeline. If wet fuel spots appear, it indicates that there are no loose points in these places. Eliminate defects with tightening nuts and fastening bolts. In the absence of air suction check the fuel level in the float chamber and, if necessary, regulate it. If the jackets are clogged, they are blurred by compressed air or, in the extreme case, carefully cleaned with soft copper wire.

Fuel leakage It is necessary to eliminate immediately due to the possibility of fire and overpowering fuel. It is necessary to check the density of the fuel tank of fuel tank, compounds of fuel-wires, the integrity of the fuel pipelines, tightness of the diaphragms and the fuel pump connections.

The reasons for the launch of the cold engine can be: no fuel supply to the carburetor; Malfunction of the trigger of the carburetor; Ignition system malfunctions.

If the fuel is well fed into the carburetor and the ignition system is properly, a possible cause can be a violation of the position of the air and throttle valve of the primary chamber, as well as the pneumocorrector of the starting device. It is necessary to adjust the position of the air damper by adjusting its cable drive and check the operation of the pneumocorrector.

Unstable engine work or the cessation of its operation at a low speed of the crankshaft rotation at idle can be caused by the following reasons: improper ignition installation; the formation of nagar on the electrodes of candles or an increase in the gap between them; violation of the adjustment of the gaps between the rockers and camshafts; reduced compression; Soothing of air through gaskets between the head and the inlet pipeline and between the exhaust pipe and the carburetor.

First you need to make sure that the ignition system and the gas distribution mechanism are managed, then check the absence of throttle shocks and their drive, adjusting the idling system of the carburetor. If the adjustment does not help achieve sustainable engine operation, it is necessary to check the purity of the buses and channels of the idling system of the carburetor, the health of the economizer forced idling, the tightness of the compounds of vacuum hoses of the EPXX system and the vacuum brake amplifier.

After every 15,000-20,000 km, the mileage is tested and tighten the bolts and nuts of the mounting of the air cleaner to the carburetor, the fuel pump to the cylinder block, the carburetor to the intake pipeline, intake and outlet pipelines to the head of the cylinder block, the silencer receiving pipe to the outlet pipe, the silencer to the body . Remove the lid, get the filter element of the air cleaner, replace it with a new one. When working in conditions of dusting, the filter element is changed after a run of 7000-10,000 km, change the filter of fine fuel purification. When installing a new filter, the arrow on its enclosure should be directed along the movement of fuel to the fuel pump. It is necessary to remove the fuel pump housing cover, remove the mesh filter, rinse it and the gasoline pump body cavity, blow the valves with compressed air and install all the parts into place, turn the plug out of the carburetor cover, remove the mesh filter, rinse it with gasoline, blow with compressed air and put it a place.

In addition to the listed works after 20,000-25,000 km, the carburetor mileage is cleaned and check its operation, for which they remove the lid and remove contamination from the float chamber. Pollution sucking with rubber pear together with fuel.

Then the jets and canals of the carburetor compressed air; Check and adjust the fuel level in the carburetor float chamber; Check the operation of the EPXX system; The carburetor is adjusted for the compliance of the content of carbon oxide of CO and hydrocarbons in the spent gases of cars with gasoline engines.

Maintenance of the power supply system also consists in the daily inspection of fuel pipelines, carburetor and fuel pump connections to make sure that the fuel is missing. Warming up the engine, you need to make sure that the engine is stable at a low rotation frequency of the crankshaft. To do this, quickly open throttle valves, then they are sharply closed.

Repair of the fuel pump.

Insufficient filling of the carburetor fuel can be caused by a fuel pump fault. In this case, the pump is disassembled, all parts are washed in gasoline or kerosene and carefully examine them to detect cracks and bugs of housings, leakage of suction and injection valves, turning into the seats or axial displacement of the pipes of the upper case, breaks, discontinuities and hardening the pump membrane, expendituration The edges of the hole under the shot of the membrane. The hand drive lever and the lever spring should work well. The filter of the pump should be clean, the grid must be a whole, and the sealing edge is flat. Spring elasticity is checked under load. Springs and membranes that do not satisfy specifications are subject to replacement.

In the fuel pump housing, there may be such damage as wear holes under the axis of the drive lever, thread breaks under the screws of the cover fastening, blocking the planes of the lid connector and the housing. Worn holes for the axis of the drive lever are deployed to a larger diameter and insert the sleeve; Torn threads in holes can be restored by cutting the thread of a larger size.

The blocking of the lid fit plane is eliminated by having grilled on the plate and grinding the stove.

Repair of the carburetor.

To repair the carburetor, it is usually removed from the car, disassembled, clean and blurred with compressed air its parts and valves; Change the wear parts and failed, collect the carburetor, regulate the fuel level in the float chamber and regulate the idle system. To remove and install the carburetor, as well as to fix and pull the fastening nuts only on a cold carburetor, with a cold engine.

To remove the carburetor, you first need to remove the air pump, then disconnect the cable and return spring, traction and shell of the air damper drive from the throttle control sector. Next, the fastening screw turns and remove the heating unit of the carburetor; Then disconnect the electrical wires of the terminal switch of the carburetor, and in some cars - an economizer forced idling. After that, the nuts of the fastening of the carburetor are turned off, remove it and cover the inlet of the inlet of the inlet tube with plugs. Install the carburetor in the reverse order.

In order to disassemble the carburetor cover, you need to push the axis of floats from the racks and remove them; Remove the cover of the cover, turn out the saddle of the needle valve, fuel fuel fuel and remove the fuel filter. Then turn out the actuator of the idle system and remove the actuator fuel jam; Remove the bolt and remove the liquid chamber; Remove the springs body fastening clamp, the spring itself and its screen. If necessary, disconnect the housing of the semi-automatic starting device, its cover, the diaphragm, the stop plunger, adjusting the throttle opening screw, thrust the throttle flux lever.

In some cases, it is possible to restore the performance of the carburetor, without removing it from the car and without disassembled completely, but by adjusting the idling system, the air damper drive, retrieving and cleaning its filter or with partial disassembly of the carburetor.

Partial disassembly includes removal of the lid, adjusting the fuel level in the float chamber and purge of the jets.

Introduction

Carburetor Motor Power Supply

1.1 Purpose of the carburetor engine power system

1.2 Main characteristics and work principle

3 Materials used in the manufacture and repair

2. That and repair system of the carburetor engine

2.1 List of work performed in the amount of ETO, TO-1, TO-2 and STR

2.2 Faults of the carburetor engine power system. Causes of their occurrence and ways to eliminate

2 Assembly and discerning works carried out during the repair process

3. Safe Labor Organization

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

Automobile transport is of great importance, as all industries serves. In our country, the distance of goods and passengers continuously increases due to improving the performance of cars, the improvement of roads is expensive and the construction of new ones.

For a successful solution to the automotive transport of the tasks, it is necessary to constantly maintain cars in good technical condition, create such a maintenance organization that would provide for the timely and high-quality implementation of all car care operations. At the same time, it is necessary to use the correct techniques to perform each operation and the mechanization means is widely used. A qualified performance of maintenance work provides trouble-free operation of aggregates, components and systems of cars, increases their reliability and maximum interrelations, increases productivity, reduces fuel consumption, reduces the cost of traffic, ensures improvement of traffic safety.

The development and improvement of auto repair production require the right organization of car repair, which in turn depends on a number of factors, the most important of them is the rational placement of repair enterprises, their specialization and production capacity. The efficiency of the use of motor vehicles depends on the perfection of the organization of the transport process and the properties of the vehicles to save under certain limits the parameters characterizing their ability to perform the required functions. During the operation of the car, its functional properties are gradually deteriorating due to wear, corrosion, damage to parts, material fatigue from which they are made, etc. There are various malfunctions in the car that reduce the efficiency of its use.

To prevent the appearance of defects and the timely elimination, the car is maintained (COM) and repair. That is a complex of operations or operation to maintain the performance of the car or the condition of the car when used by destination when parking, storage or transportation.

1. The device of the carburetor engine system

Power system (Fig. 1) consists of:

fuel tank - 2,

Fuel lines - 5,

fuel purification filters - 6,

fuel pump - 7,

air filter - 9, carburetor:

8 - Float camera carburetor with float;

Mixing chamber of the carburetor;

Inlet valve;

Intake pipeline;

The combustion chamber

Fig. 1. The layout of the power system elements

Fuel pump (Fig. 2) - the diaphragm, with the upper arrangement of the sump, is driven by an eccentric camshaft. The pump housing consists of two parts - the upper 3 and lower 4, - cast from the zinc alloy. A diaphragm 1 ", consisting of four layers of tissue, impregnated with benzostic varnish.

In the center of the diaphragm with the help of two washers, the thrust 7, having an eyelet at the lower end, which includes a traction lever 8. The lever 8 traction and the lever 14 of the pump drive is planted on the total axis 12. The drive lever is resting in one end to the thrust lever, another in an eccentric 15 camshaft.

The drive lever is constantly pressed to the eccentric of the spring 13, installed between the protrusions on the bottom of the case and on the lever. A spring 5 is supplied under the diaphragm that returns its upper position.

The thrust is sealed with a bowl 16, which prevents the penetration of gases and with them drops of oil from the engine crankcase into the cavity under the diaphragm. This cavity is connected to the atmosphere of the hole 6.

In two tides of the housing, a roller 9 lever 10 manual swaps. The roller is sealed on both sides by rings made of oil-resistant rubber.

In the upper part of the housing there are non-separable injection (graduation) 22 and intake 21 valves. Valves are fixed in the housing using a pressure plank and two screws. Over the receiving channel of the inlet valve installed filter 23. From above, the housing is covered with a glass glass-sump 24, a compacted rubber gasket 20 and pressed to the body with a screw, nut-lamb 25 and a wire bracket. The transparent glass allows you to observe the amount of accumulating sludge in it and clean it in time.

Fig. 2. Fuel pump

1.1 Purpose of the carburetor engine power system

The carburetor engine power system is designed for storing fuel, providing and cleaning fuel and air, preparation of the fuel mixture of the desired composition and quality and providing it in the required quantity in the engine cylinders, as well as for a leading to the atmosphere of combustion products, cleaning the exhaust gases and join the inlet noise Air and release of exhaust gases.

A mixture of gasoline and air vapor formed in the carburetor is called a combustible mixture. This mixture is fed to the engine cylinders, where it is mixed with residual spent gases, such a mixture is called the working.

It has been established that for combustion 1 kg of fuel requires 15 kg of air. The mixture of such a composition is called normal. However, at a ratio of 1:15, the total combustion of the fuel does not occur and part of it is lost. For full combustion, the ratio of fuel and air should be 1:17 ... 1:18, such a mixture is called depleted. Due to the excess of air, its heat of combustion decreases in the dining mixture, which leads to a decrease in the combustion rate and engine power. To increase the power of the engine, the mixture should be burned with the highest speed, and this is possible when the fuel and air ratio 1:13, this mixture is called enriched. With this composition, the mixture of complete combustion of fuel does not occur and the engine efficiency is deteriorating, but it is possible to obtain the highest power from it.

Fuel tank (Fig. 3.) is a fuel storage capacity. Usually it is placed in the rear, more secure part of the car.

Fuel filter (Fig. 4.) Designed for fine cleaning of gasoline entering the fuel pump (installation of the filter and after the pump).

Fig. 3. Fuel Buck

Fig. 4. Fuel filter

Zhikler (Fig. 5) Designed for dosing and supplying fuel or gas.

Fig. 5. Jetgers

Carburetor - Provides the required amount of fuel and air in a mixture that enters the internal combustion engine.

Carburetor (K-22I)The K-22I carburetor is a single-chamber, three-diffuser, with a balancing float chamber. By the method of compensation of the mixture in the main dosing system, it refers to carburetors with the control of the permission in the diffuser and the inclusion of the additional (compensatory) gibera.

The scheme is shown in Fig. 6.

Fig. 6. Carburetor scheme

.2 The main characteristics and principle of work

Technical characteristics of the K-22I carburetor

3 / min.: 3 / min.

the main thing - 220. ± 5.

compensatory - 325 ± 3

fuel idle52 ± 3.

Diameter of juices, mm:

air idle (two) 1 ,4+ 0.1

emulsion idle stroke 1 + 0.1

power 0.9+ 0.06.

The diameter of the accelerator pump sprayer, mm - 0.7+ 0.06

Opening of the superior needle of the main gibler (from full closure):

when operating a car - 1 3/4 -2

The volume of fuel tank GAZ-21 - 55L

Principle of operation

In such a power system, the preparation of a combustible mixture of the desired composition occurs in the carburetor, then a combustible mixture in the required quantity comes directly into the engine cylinders.

The tank stores the fuel supply required for the engine operation, the fuel in the carburetor is supplied from the tank by the fuel pump through the fuel lines. Using the fuel pump allows the location of the fuel tank in any part of the car. The filter-sump is designed to clean the fuel from mechanical impurities and water. The atmospheric air enters the carburetor through the air filter, where it is cleaned of dust. The carburetor prepares the working mixture entering the intake manifold to the engine cylinders. The exhaust collector is necessary for removal from the exhaust gas cylinders. The exhaust gases through the exhaust collector enter the muffler to reduce noise, after which they are thrown into the atmosphere.

The fuel enters the float chamber through the fuel line, the float chamber is connected to the mixing chamber with a sprayer where the buster is installed. Float with a needle valve supports a permanent fuel level in a float chamber. As soon as the float chamber is filled, the float pops up, lifting the needle valve using a lever, the needle valve in turn covers the hole in the supply fuel line, overlapping it, the fuel access to the chamber is stopped.

Air, passing through the carburetor, enters a narrow section of the diffuser where its speed increases. Due to the increase in the air flow rate passing through the diffuser, the discharge increases in it. A pressure drop is created between the float chamber and the diffuser, as a result of which the fuel through the jigger enters the mixing chamber, forming a combustible mixture. Next, the combustible mixture falls into the engine cylinder. After the combustion of the working mixture, the exhaust gases are discharged through the exhaust valve. The spent gases pass through the muffler and are output to the atmosphere.

Fig. 7. The principle of operation of the carburetor engine

1.3 Materials used in the manufacture, and repair

The hull of the carburetors is made by injection molding from zinc alloys having a low melting point and good casting properties, which makes it possible to obtain high accuracy casting, the necessary density, clean surface and sufficient mechanical properties. In the United States, zinc alloys are used to make parts of the carburetor, which in their chemical composition and properties are close to zinc alloys, apply in the USSR. The float mechanism is made by stamping and brass ribbon, sufficiently resistant against the corrosion exposure of fuel. As a material for valves, stainless steel is used, which, when working in a brass case, provides a long service life. As a material for loans, nozzles and other dosing elements, brass was most common.

The most common fuel housing is made by injection molding from zinc, aluminum and magnesium alloys. The diaphragms of the fuel pump are usually made of cotton fabric or nylon coated with synthetic rubber. The mechanism of the fuel pump drive is made from carbon and low-alloyed steel (for example, brand 45). Spring of the carbon spring steel diaphragm.

For the manufacture of filter elements, brass brands L68, L62 and L59-1 are used. The housing of the fette filter is cast under pressure from aluminum or zinc alloys. A glass-sump is most often made of glass, bakelite or polystyrene.

Cabinet parts of the air cleaner are made of tinned or swept steel.

Details of the tank are made of disconced or galvanized steel. In the manufacture of the fuel line use copper.

power system Carburetor engine

2. Maintenance and repair

.1 The list of works performed in the amount of ETO, T-1, T-2 and one hundred

ETO. Check the level of fuel in the tank and fill the car with fuel. Check the external inspection of the tightness of the compound of the carburetor, the fuel pump, fuel pipelines and the fuel tank.

TO-1. Check the external inspection of the tightness of the power system connections; If necessary, eliminate faults. Check the attachment of the pedal lever to the axis of the throttle and cable to the air damper lever, the action of the drives and the completeness of the opening and closing of throttle and air dampers. Drive pedal must move in both sides smoothly. After working on the car on dusty roads, rinse the air filter of the carburetor and change oil in it.

TO-2. Check the tightness of the fuel tank and the pipeline connections of the power supply system, the fastening of the carburetor and the fuel pump; If necessary, eliminate the malfunction. Check the attachment of thrust to the throttle lever and the cable to the air damper lever, the action of the drives, the completeness of the opening and closing of throttle and air dampers. Check the pressure gauge operation of the fuel pump (without removing it from the engine). The pressure generated by the pump must be in the range of 0.03 ... 0.04 MPa. Check the fuel level in the carburetor float chamber when the engine is running with the low speed of the crankshaft rotation at idle. Rinse the air filter and change the oil in it.

ONE HUNDRED. Twice a year to remove the carburetor from the engine, disassemble and clean it. Rinse and check the motor crankshaft speed limiter. When preparing for winter operation, check on special devices, carburetor, its nodes and parts, including jets. Remove the fuel pump, disassemble it, clean and check the status of details. After assembly, check the fuel pump on a special device. Twice a year to drain sucks from the fuel tank and once a year (when moving to winter operation), rinse the tank.

Carburators service. Reliability in the operation of the carburetor is achieved by the following operations.

Cleaning and flushing carburetor. The carburetor is removed from the engine and disassembled, remove resinous sediments, wash the parts with a hair brush in the bath with aviation benzine or acetone, purge jets and channels in the compressed air housing. It is forbidden to apply wire jets, metal objects or vershorized materials. When working on eaten gasoline before cleaning parts of the carburetor, they must be immersed by 10-20 minutes in kerosene or another solvent. When assembling the carburetor, check the condition of all gaskets and unfit replaced. In order to avoid damage, the float is not allowed to blow up the assembled carburetor with compressed air through the fuel-powered fitting or balancing tube.

The throttle and air damper when disassembling the carburetor are not removed. After assembling the carburetor, you must make sure that they turn without jail.

The tightness of the float is carried out by immersion of it for 30 seconds into water heated to a temperature of 80-90 ° C. With malfunction, the float from it will be released air bubbles. Such a float must be replaced or sought, pre-removing the fuel in it. After soldering check the weight of the float.

Checking the tightness of the needle valve is performed on a vacuum device. The tank of the device is filled with distilled water, and in the case installed on the gaskets the test valve assembly with the saddle. Then, using a piston of the pump, a vacuum is created in the control tube, raising the level of the water column to 1000 mm and closed the crane. At the same time, the vacuum is created in the tee 6 under the valve under test.

The tightness of the valve is considered satisfactory if the water level in the control tube decreases no more than 10 mm for 30 seconds. With a larger drop of water level, the valve must be inserted or replaced.

The fuel level in the float chamber can be checked without removing the carburetor from the engine or installing the carburetor on a special device.

Checking the bandwidth of loans is made once a year in a planned manner, as well as with the next maintenance of the car in the event of a fuel recalculation.

The bandwidth of the fatters is determined by the amount of distilled water (in cm 3) flowing through the dosing hole of the gibber per 1 min under the pressure of the water column with a height of 1 ± 0.002 m at a water temperature of 20 ± 1C. Checking (targeting) of loans is made on the instruments, which, according to the principle of measuring the amount of water, are divided into two groups: with absolute and relative measurement.

Maintenance of fuel pumps. The reliable fuel supply to the carburetor at various modes of engine operation can be violated due to damage to the fuel pumping diaphragm, the loss of elasticity of its spring, rigging and sticking valves, filtering grid and the loss of the pump tightness.

In the pumps with a glass-sump, it is possible to leap fuel through the gasket between the housing and the glass-sump. If the flow does not stop after a more dense tightening the mounting lady, it is necessary to change the gasket.

Feeding the fuel outward from the hole of the pump housing or when rejected the control plug in the case in sealed pumps indicates the damage of the diaphragm, which should be replaced.

The easiest way to check the operation of the pump without removing it from the engine is using manual swap. A good pump must be uninterrupted to supply a strong pulsating jet of fuel without foam from the pump fitting, disconnected from the fuel line that goes to the carburetor. The presence of foam testifies to air seats in the highway.

Air filter care. The frequency of air filter care depends on the operating conditions. Care is to wash the filter and changing the oil. Under normal operating conditions, this operation is carried out at T-2, in severe road conditions - at TU-1, and in conditions of severe dusting of air - every other day. For flushing, the air filter is removed from the engine, drain the contaminated oil from its bath, washed the details of the filter in kerosene or gasoline, then wipe them, and the filter element is dried with compressed air. The filter element is wetted by an oil used for the engine, and the body is poured to the installed level.

In air filters connected to the engine crankcase ventilation system, simultaneously with the cleaning of the ventilation system, it is also necessary to clean the air cavity of the filter from resinous sediments, and the metal filtering element is loaded at 20-30 minutes into acetone, after which it is bleated with compressed air. When operating under conditions of low temperature (from -20 ° to -40 °), the filter needs to fill the oil AU, which has a low temperature of the frozen. At temperatures below -40 ° under conditions of a honest winter to the oil poured into the filter, up to 20% kerosene should be added.

After assembling the filter, you should not run the engine for 10 to 15 minutes in order to excess the glass of the glass from the filter element.

Fuel filter care. Caring for the filter-sump lies in checking its tightness, the release of sludge and washing.

For the release of sludge, it is necessary to double the crane from the fuel tank and weakening the coupling bolt, unscrew the plug. After the release of distorts, the tank is open for a time sufficient to rinse the filter housing with clean gasoline.

To wash the filter-sump, the housing and the filter element are removed, washed them in unleaded gasoline and dried. In order to avoid damage to the filter plates, you should not use brushes, scrapers, as well as compressed high pressure air. When assembling, check the state of the gaskets. The tightness of the assembled filter-sump is tested under pressure (2 kg / cm 2) 196 133 N / m 2.

In a fine fuel filter, a glass-sump and a ceramic or a kapron filter element is removed and a thoroughly washed them in gasoline.

Care of fuel tank and fuel lines. The tightness of the fuel pipelines on the stretch from the tank to the fuel pump should be checked when the engine is not working, and on the area from the pump to the carburetor - when the engine is running, when pressure is created in the fuel line. The detected fuel leakage is eliminated by tightening the compounds nuts or the replacement of faulty nuts, fittings and fuel pipelines.

.2 Faults of the carburetor engine power system. Causes of their occurrence and ways to eliminate

Does not come fuel in the carburetordue to clogging the compensation hole in the fuel tank plug (or the tank vent tubing), excessive clogging of the filter of the fuel or fuel filter or fine cleaning filter. Faults and fuel pump are possible: damage to the diaphragm or its spring, as well as "hanging" or not dense closing of the valves.

To troubleshoot, all the above-mentioned power supply elements should be selected. Then rinse and put in place all that is properly, but change the defective nodes and parts to new ones.

The engine does not develop full power and (or) works with interruptions Due to the violation of the fuel level in the float chamber, pollution of fuel or air filters, jets or channels. And perhaps the carburetor is simply incorrectly adjusted.

To eliminate the fault, it is necessary to replace or rinse the corresponding filters, blow out all channels and jets of the carburetor, and produce the necessary adjustments.

Leakyfuel can occur due to loss of tightness of the fuel tank, filter, pump, carburetor, or in numerous fueling compounds.

To eliminate a malfunction, tighten the fuel hose fastening clamps, change damaged gaskets. The leakage that occurred due to the mechanical damage of the supply system elements is eliminated by replacing them. If you prefer repairs, it is necessary to produce it only in specialized workshops.

2.3 Assembly and discerning works carried out during the repair process

Remove the fastening screws of the carburetor cover and carefully remove it so as not to damage the gasket and float.

Disassembly of the carburetor cover:

· Carefully push the axis 1 (Fig. 8.) Float 3 of the racks and carefully, without damaging the bunch of the float, remove it;

· Remove the gasket 4 covers, remove the needle valve seat 2, unscrew the fuel supply nozzle 15 and remove the fuel filter 13;

· Remove the housing of the idling fuel oil with an electromagnetic valve valve 10 and remove the jawber 9;

· Remove the axis 19, remove the air damper control lever 18, disconnect the air damper control lever spring. If necessary, turn the air damper screws, remove the flap 14 and the axis 16;

· Disasselect the diaphragm starter, removing the cover 8 of the starting device assembly with the adjusting screw 7. Remove the spring 6 and a diaphragm 5 with a rod.

Fig. 8. Cover of the carburetor in the analysis 21051-1107010

Disassemble the carburetor body (Fig. 9.), for which perform the following operations:

Fig. 9. Case of the carburetor in the analysis 21051-1107010

· Remove the cap 3 of the accelerator pump with the lever 2 and the diaphragm 1;

· Remove the sprayers 10 of the accelerator pump and sprayers 11 of the first and second chambers;

· Unscrew the axis of the axis axis of the first chamber, remove the fist 4 of the accelerating pump drive and the puck;

· Remove the adjusting screw 27 of the amount of a mixture of idling;

· After breaking the plastic plug 23, remove the adjusting screw 25 of the quality (composition) of a mixture of idling;

· Remove the circuit 5 of the economizer of power modes, a diaphragm 6 and a spring;

· Remove the fuel oil 7 of the economyzer of power modes, the main air jets 12 with emulsion tubes and the main fuel jets 13 of the main dosing systems.

The carburetor assembling in the reverse order. When the throttle valves are wrapped with the screwdriver fastening screws, the screws on a special device excluding the deformation of the dampers axes.

3. Safe Labor Organization

In order to prevent an accident, each worker in the production process is obliged to be guided by technological instructions, comply with the safety and fire safety regulations set out in this Instruction, and the Administration is obliged to provide jobs to all necessary for the safe production of work and to create normal working conditions.

Safety in car maintenance

Workplace contain clean and order. Spilled petroleum products flood with clean sand, then remove them and wipe the traces of the liquid dry. Winning material to collect in the iron box with a dense lid.

Removed aggregates thoroughly clean and drop, so that it is convenient to disassemble them.

During operation, it is prohibited to become movable wheels and other unstable parts of the machine.

Cylinders and pistons can not be put on the edge of the table or workbench.

Disassemble or collect aggregates in suspended state.

When dismantling or installing elastic spiral springs use special pullers warning springs departure.

Conclusion

The paper discusses the device and principle of operation, features of maintenance, diagnosis and repair, and also analyzed the main malfunctions, detailing and features of the assembly and disassembly of the carburetor engine power supply system.

Bibliography

1. Kramarenko G.V. Technical operation of cars. M., Avtotranszdat, 1962.

2. Rumyantsev S.I., Bodnev A.G., Boyko N.G., et al.; Car repair. Tutorial for autotransp. technical schools. Ed. Rumyantseva. - 2nd ed., Pererab. and additional. - M.: Transport, 1988. Borovski Yu.I., Burav Yu.V., Morozov K.A. Car device: Practical manual - M.: Higher School, 1988

K.P. Bykov, TA Sklenchik. GAZ-21 car and its modifications. Service and device

The power system should ensure the preparation of a combustible mixture of the required composition (the ratio of gasoline and air) and quantity depending on the engine operation mode. Such indicators of the engine are dependent on the maintenance of the system, such as power, pickup, efficiency, ease of starting, durability.

The use of lower quality gasoline can lead to an abnormal operation of the engine (high formation, detonation, fuel reservoir, the idle of the cylinder head of the cylinder head, valve heads, etc.). In a technically good condition, air filters must be. The tightness of the air filter housing and the integrity of the filter elements leads to an increased pass of abrasive particles.

Power system maintenance It is a timely inspection of the tightness and fastening of fuel pipelines, inlet pipelines of the combustible mixture and exhaust exhaust gases, the actions of the throttle and air blades of the carburetor drivers, in checking the operation of the maximum rotation of the crankshaft once a year (autumn), in cleaning and flushing fuel and fuel and fuel and flushes Air filters, disassembling, flushing and adjusting the carburetor twice a year (spring and autumn).

Inspectorate and untimely care for the instruments of the power supply system, pipelines, fuel and air control drives can lead to leaking fuel, hazardous fire, disruption of fuel supply, re-enhancing and rebuilding the combustible mixture, overcurrent fuel, violation of the normal operation of the engine, power loss and pickup, Difficult launch and unstable engine work at idle. Before proceeding to the removal and disassembly of the carburetor or gas station, it is necessary to make sure that the cause of the deterioration of the car is not defects of other nodes and systems, especially the electrical equipment systems.

The technical condition of the instruments and devices of the carburetor engine power systems is checked both when working and when the engine is running.

When not working engine check:

the amount of fuel in the tank;
the state of the gasket under the plug of the fuel tank;
fastening the fuel tank, fuel pipelines, fittings and tees;
the density of the compounds and fastening the filter-sump, fuel pump, carburetor, air filter, intake and exhaust pipelines and silencer.

When the engine running is checked:

no flow of fuel in places of fuel pipelines, fuel tank and carburetor;
state of gasket under the cover of the float chamber of the carburetor, intake and exhaust pipelines;
filter-sump;
filter of fine cleaning.

Malfunctions arising in the system in most cases lead to the formation of a poor or rich mixture. In addition to the listed work on inspection and control, the instruments of the carburetor motor systems are subjected to periodic testing and adjustment.

The fuel system includes fuel tank, fueling, fuel pump, fuel purification filter, sensors, carburetor. The principle of the operation of the carburetor system is as follows (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Procipient diagram of the carburetor system

When rotating the crankshaft, the fuel pump begins to operate, which is sucking gasoline from the tank through the mesh filter and injected it into the carburetor float chamber. In front of the pump or after it, gasoline passes through the filter of fine fuel purification. When the piston moves in the cylinder down from the sprayer of the float chamber flows fuel, and the purified air is sucked through the air filter. In the mixing chamber, the air jet is mixed with fuel, forming a combustible mixture. The intake valve opens, and the combustible mixture enters the cylinder, where on a certain clock it burns. After that, the exhaust valve opens, and the combustion products on the pipeline are entered into the muffler, and from there are output to the atmosphere.

The main malfunction of the power supply system of the gasoline engine with a carburetor is to increase the fuel consumption (rich mixture, increased content of CO and CH in exhaust gases). Main reasons:

an increase in the bandwidth of fuel jams;
reduction of air leaving the bandwidth;
singing an economizer valve, its loose closure, premature discovery;
air filter pollution;
the air damper does not fully open;
increase the fuel level in the float chamber.

Returning the combustible mixture, reduced content of CO and CH in exhaust gases. Main reasons:

reducing the fuel level in the float chamber;
the healing of the needle valve of the float chamber in the upper position;
pollution of fuel jets;
weak pressure developed by the fuel pump.

The engine does not work with the minimum rotation frequency of the crankshaft at idle. Main reasons:

disrupting the adjustment of the idling system of the carburetor;
clogging of the joclars of the idle system;
violation of the fuel level in the float chamber;
air drows in the carburetor;
air seats in the vacuum amplifier hose;
throttle valves are not returned to its original position when the control pedal is in its original position;
violation of the efficiency of the economizer forced idling;
water getting into the carburetor.

The engine does not increase the speed of rotation, "shots" in the carburetor. Main reasons:

weak fuel supply to the float chamber;
clogging of loopholes and sprayers;
the equomizer valve does not open or clogged;
air sublicas through looseness of the fastening of the carburetor and the intake manifold.

Increasing the content of CO and CH in the exhaust gases in the mode of the minimum rotation of the crankshaft.

incorrect adjustment of the idle system;
clogging of channels and air jaws of the idle system;
increasing the capacity of idling fuel jets.

Termination of fuel supply. The main reasons are:

clogging of filters;
damage to valves or fuel pump diaphragm;
freezing of water in fuel lines (Fig. 2).

In the previous article "" We got acquainted with the overall information on the engine launch. It is worth staying in more detail on each of the possible reasons, so we will talk in this article, what are possible car power failure.

Lighting the possible causes of power system malfunctions and ways to eliminate them would like to start with a plate that consists of two columns. The first column shows the causes of the power system malfunction, and in another column - ways to eliminate or prevent faults:

Causes of malfunction	Ways to eliminate or prevent
As a result of starting the engine, the mixture is re-enricged	Cylinders Threatened with fresh air, scrolling the starter with a crankshaft with a fully open air and throttle valve for 10 seconds
Fuel does not enter the carburetor or the insufficient amount of its feed	Check the serviceability of the system of power in the sequence: carburetor, fuel purification filter, fuel pump, fuel tank
Engine ignition system malfunction or interruptions in its operation	Check the state of the ignition system devices, the reliability of their connection, the state of the electrical wiring
Lack of thermal clearance of valves or leakage of valves, hang them in guide bushings	Check and, if necessary, adjust the clearance between the rocker and the end of the valve
Sharp reduction of compression in the engine cylinders or water ingress	Check compression in engine cylinders, cylinder head laying
In the system of food, extraneous air seats, that is, in the connecting nodes of fasteners or in damaged places of sealing instruments	Check the pipeline attachment density to the power system devices, the serviceability of the device gaskets and, if necessary, tighten the loose connections or replace damaged pads
Clogging (pollution) of power or fueling systems	Make sure the fuel arrives from the fuel tank to the engine combustion chamber. Detected clogging to eliminate purge, clean or washing
Malfunctions of power system units or violations of their adjustments	Check the performance of the fuel pump, carburetor or injectors, the state of filters and fueling. Detected faults eliminate adjustment or replacement of faulty parts

Search for engine power faults We recommend starting from the fuel tank.

Fuel tank faults.

If during the blowing of the fuel tank by air in it, fuel drilling does not appear, this is evidence that the fuel tank is faulty: a mesh fuel tank filter is contaminated or the presence of a large amount of dirt. Sustained, while removing through the drain hole, and the fuel tank itself is leaned with gasoline. Filling the fuel tank, special attention must be paid to the purity of fuel and take measures to prevent entering the water, dust or dirt.

On many cars in the power supply system between the carburetor or injector and the fuel pump, the fuel purification filter is additionally installed. If the filter element is contaminated, it is recommended to rinse it in not eaten gasoline or hot water, and then blow it with air. If the sealing gasket of the fuel filter filter is damaged, it should be replaced with a new one.

When it is established that the engine power system is in good condition, and the engine does not start, it is necessary to check the ignition system and the engine starting system.

The main malfunctions of the power supply system of the gasoline engine with the carburetor are:

cessation of fuel supply to the carburetor;
education is too poor or rich fuel mixture;
fuel leakage, difficult launch of a hot or cold engine;
unstable work at idle;
interruptions in engine operation, increased fuel consumption;
an increase in the toxicity of exhaust gases in all modes of operation.

The main causes of the termination of fuel can be: damage to valves or fuel pump diaphragm; clogging of filters; Freezing of water in fuel lines. In order to determine the reasons for the lack of fuel supply, you need to disconnect the hose supplying the fuel from the pump to the carburetor, omitted from the carburetor the end of the hose into the transparent container so as not to get to the engine and it has not occurred, and swing the fuel of the fuel pump manual swing Turning a crankshaft starter. If the fuel jet appears with a good pressure, the pump is correct.

Then you need to remove the fuel filter of the input fitting and check if it should be clogged. The fracturing of the pump is evidenced by the weak fuel supply, periodic fuel supply and the absence of fuel supply. These reasons can also be told that the fuel supply line from the fuel tank to the fuel pump is clogged.

The main causes of depletion of the combustible mixture can be: Reducing the fuel level in the float chamber; jealing needle valve float chamber; weak fuel pump pressure; Pollution of fuel jams.

If the bandwidth of the main fuel oil changes changes, this leads to an increase in the toxicity of exhaust gases and a decrease in engine economic indicators.

If the engine loses power, From the carburetor heard "shots", and the engine overheats, then the causes of these problems can be: a weak feed in the float chamber, clogging of loopholes and sprayers; Slug or damage to the equomoomizer valve, air seats through looseness of the fastening of the carburetor and the intake manifold. The loss of engine power when working on a depleted mixture may occur due to the slow combustion of the mixture and, as a result, less gases in the cylinder. When depleting a combustible mixture, the engine overheats, because the combustion of the mixture occurs slowly and not only in the combustion chamber, but also in the entire volume of the cylinder. In this case, the heating area of \u200b\u200bthe walls and the temperature rises.

If the jackets are clogged, they are blurred by compressed air or, in the extreme case, carefully cleaned with soft copper wire.

The reasons for the launch of the cold engine can be: no fuel supply to the carburetor; Malfunction of the trigger of the carburetor; Ignition system malfunctions.

If it is well fed into the carburetor and the ignition system is properly, a possible cause can be a violation of the position of the air and throttle valve of the primary chamber, as well as the pneumocorrector of the starting device. It is necessary to adjust the position of the air damper by adjusting its cable drive and check the operation of the pneumocorrector.

The blocking of the lid fit plane is eliminated by having grilled on the plate and grinding the stove.

If the pump membrane lever is worn out a hole in which the support finger is installed, and the working surface comes into contact with the ECC metrose, the hole is deployed to a larger diameter, and the working surface is applied and machined the pattern. Worn lamellar valves are repaired by the carriage of their surface when grinding on a tinger plate. After repair and assembly, the pump is subjected to tests on a special device.