The car, about which I will tell, is Magirus 290 D 26 K with a full drive. Off-road truck is designed to work on roads common useand in rough terrain, including over the absolute off-road V category in difficult weather-climatic conditions at an ambient temperature from -50 o to +50 o Celsius.
Truck Magirus in Modifications 290 D 26 K Career is a specialized vehicle for heavy conditions, and differ in high operational characteristics, increased reliability and endurance. Truck modifications: Single-table Oshinovka on the wheels of Michelin G20 XZL 395/85 R20 with a loading capacity of 24 tons 2-pitched Oshinovka on the wheels of Michelin G20 XZL 395/85 R20 with a carrying capacity of 34 tons 2-pitched Oshinovka on MICHELIN XZL 12.00 R20 Loading capacity of 28 tons.
The base of the chassis is a powerful U-shaped spar frame made of high-strength steel with a thickness of the spar of 10 millimeters. The width of the shelf side member of 90 millimeters, the height of 305 millimeters. The distance between the spars is 800 millimeters. Own production engine diesel, 4-stroke, V-shaped 8-cylinder, water cooling with turbocharging and intermediate air cooler. The working volume of cylinders is 14.6 liters. Power 410 "horses". Maximum torque is 1700 nm. Motor brake installed. Car transmission is permanent four-wheel drive 6x6.
Gearbox Automatic hydromechanical Allison HT 740, 5-speed. Transfer case ZF Z90 2-speed, with differential lock. A hydrodynamic brake is integrated into the transmission. Installed power take-off box. The advantages of using a hydrotransformer in heavy road conditions and during the operation of a tractor in a heavy truck car: the transmission of torque inside the torque converter occurs without a rigid kinematic communication, the shock loads on the transmission are excluded due to the absence of a rigid connection facilitate dosing of thrust on the drive wheels automatic smooth increase in torque under load in The limits from 1.5 to 3 times the gear shift occurs without breaking the power flow.
Leading and managed bridges: the front axle drive and controlled, dependent type, with onboard planetary gearboxes and the Magirus 340h interclaid block. Bridge suspension on longitudinal semi-storey springs with hydraulic shock absorbers and stabilizers transverse stability. Carrier capacity of 10 tons bridge. The suspension of the leading bridges of the dependent type is balancing, on long-grade semi-elliptic springs with hydraulic shock absorbers and transverse stability stabilizers. Magirus 340H Wheel Bridges are equipped with onboard planetary gearboxes, inter-axis and inter-playing blocking. Carrier carrier cart 33 tons.
Transmission number of main transmission 5.41. Brake system: drum brakes; drive 2-contour, pneumatic; brake mechanisms equipped with automatic control system; parking brake drive on the wheels of the rear trolley; Additionally displayed 2 trailer lines. Wheels: disk 10.00x20. Cab: capotic type, engine, all-metal, 3-seater, comfortable. Suspension cab 2-point, with a subressing system. The cab suspension is made taking into account constant operation on off-road.
Modifications are available with a sleeping place. Coupling devices: Rear towing appliance with pneumatic and hydraulic lines, front tug hinges 2x15 tons and rear towing loops 2x30 tons. Standard equipment: driver cabin, special cabin suspension for heavy conditions, short without bedroom, comfortable seats with pneumatic suspension, rooftop hatch, general inter-track differential blocking, inter-axis blocking, steel bumper with protective gratings, engine crankcase protection, rear towing device, 2 lines Pneumatic and electric conclusions, front and back Additional towing loops, for the evacuation of the front of the car and behind the vertically located silencer, mechanical (manual) Turning out of the mass, the socket for charging the batteries from the outside or start of the engine, the external control panel of the wheel swap with the hose, the working hours counter , Spare wheel, power take-off box.
Cargo car "Magirus-Doyz" is designed to work in complex climatic regions with problematic road coating. In 1975-76, the delivery of these modifications was organized for the construction of the Bam and other "northern" buildings. Compared to domestic analogues, they had higher dynamics, improved operational and economic parameters, differed in high comfort and simplicity of management. Consider the features and characteristics of this transport. This was produced by the German company Magirus-Deutz.
The history of development and creation
Initially, the company created in 1866 by Conrad Magirus specialized in the manufacture of equipment and equipment for fire units. Production of original automotive chassis and motors for dump trucks and side trucks "Magirus-Doyz" with a carrying capacity of three tons was mastered in 1917.
At the beginning of the seventies, the company's position was significantly worsened, which was due to growing competition, financial investments on the construction of new facilities in Ulm, the need for investing to design medium-adjusted models. In connection with these circumstances, Magirus-Deutz was brought into a separate category, and in early 1975 she was transferred under the patronage of IVECO. "
In parallel, between representatives of the German Corporation and the Soviet "autoexport", the Delta project was developed and signed, according to which in 1955-57 on the Northern Construction of the USSR, including the BAM, was supplied by Magirus 232 D-19 and Magirus 290 D-26 modifications. In total quantities of 9.5 thousand copies. This largest deal allowed the manufacturer's company to enter second place among German heavy truck manufacturers.
By the beginning of the 70s most of the last century, most foreign car manufacturers reoriented to the release of badless trucks. Magirus-Doyz also had similar modifications in his line, but continued to release version clients with a protective front zone on request. A bright representative updated truck It is a series of building machines with classic placement of the motor - before the driver's cabin. Such analogs were exported to the USSR.
The main supplied options were onboard trucks and dump trucks of Magirus 290 D-26 and Magirus Deutz 232 D-19. Also in the range provides such varieties:
- Concrete mixers.
- Auto repair vans.
- Tankers.
- Special versions.
The cars supplied under the contract in the USSR were painted in an orange color, mobile workshops had bright red color.
Characteristics "Magirus-Doyz 290
Below are the main TTX of the car under consideration:
- Length / width / height - 7.1 / 2.49 / 3.1 m.
- Road lumen - 32 cm.
- Base wheel - 4.6 m.
- Front / rear track - 1.96 / 1.8 m.
- Weight - 5.12 kg.
- Parameter of carrying capacity - 24 tons.
- Wheel formula - 6x4.
- Motor type - four-stroke, diesel, V-shaped engine with a capacity of 320 or 380 horsepower.
- Fuel injection - immediate.
- Cooling - atmospheric type.
- Gearbox - node with 16 modes.
To work in the north of the Magirus cabins, the capacitor type was unified, including motor deposits, frontal facing, wings on the front wheels. The design is a all-metal element with thermal and noise insulation, panoramic three-layer windshields, ergonomic adjustable seats for drivers. Capacity - three people.
On the frame, the node was fixed using a pair of brackets and rubber elements, as well as rear pillow In the central part of the reference arc connected perpendicular to the spars. Additionally, the smooth rolling of the cabin when driving on a bumpy road provided hydraulic shock absorbers installed on each side.
At the edges, the front wheel wheels of trucks were equipped with a protective coating of rubber, on the wings there were lamp indicators of turns of the circular configuration and spring determinants of dimensions visible from the driver's seat. "Magirus" on the construction of the BAM was additionally equipped with two spherical headlights on the top of the bumper. All light elements were protected by special lattices. Another difference is the presence of a pair of vertical air intakes along the front corners of the cab, which is due to the operation of cars outside the roads with a solid coating.
Steering
This node "Magirus-Doyeta" is equipped with a hydraulic amplifier. In addition to the specified part, the steering includes in its design:
- Column with shaft and wheel.
- Tank for working fluid.
- Pipeline amplifier.
- Screw nut.
- Sushka.
- Steering longitudinal and transverse thrust.
The mechanism can be adjusted in height and inclination.
Hydraulic "Assistant" took over 80 percent of the effort transmitted to the steering knot. The pump is mounted in the rear, rotates from interaction with the gear drive of the fuel counterpart. The volume of oil pumping was 12 liters per minute.
With the common column mechanism, the Carter pair was connected simultaneously playing the role of the cylinder and the hydraulic agent. It accommodated several valves to help carry out the amplifier. From the helm on the levers of the trotting type, the effort was transformed by means of a bump and pull. The longitudinal element was a hollow bar with end ball joints, a transverse analogue - the same design that connects the rotary pin of the right and left wheels.
Transmission node
Magirus Deutz 232 D-19 informative gearbox is fixed using one-piece friction dry clutch. The aggregation is carried out directly with the power unit, constituting the single block on the frame located under the driver's cab. The design of the PPC includes:
- The main, slave and intermediate shaft.
- Gears with bearings.
- Case cover.
- Switching mechanism.
- Carter.
The trucks under consideration are equipped with open-type cardan transmission. It is mounted in such a way as to ensure the minimum value of the corners in cardanic hinkers During ride and uniform transmission of torque.
The car bridges are a hollow beam of an in-view configuration, which includes the crankcase and the casing of the semi-axle. In the last element there is a pair of conical gears, the main transmission, differential, planetary gearboxes.
Blocking the mid-scene dispenser of the effort prevents the name of one of the bridges. The element is controlled by pneumatics. The system is activated when slipping the left or right leading wheels by pulling the corresponding button in the cockpit.
Brakes system
Truck "Magirus-Doyz" equipped with three brake nodes:
- The main option for all wheels.
- Parking analogue on leading bridges.
- Auxiliary brake placed in the exhaust exhaust system.
Includes four autonomous contours: front, rear wheels, trailer, auxiliary node. The operating pressure indicator is 8 kgf / cm 2, the minimum parameter is 4.5 kgf / cm 2.
The brake system of the car under consideration is the drum mechanism with a pair of domestic blocks of bilateral action activated by vapor expatheets.
The parking analogue is controlled by a special crane placed in the cab, to the right of the driver's seat. In addition, the design includes brake chambers and spring energy accumulators.
The functioning of the auxiliary compression brake is based on the use of exhaust gas energy. With help throttle valves Created a backward, which acts on the cylinders, overlapping the passing sockets. The inclusion of the system is performed by means of a pneumatic crane installed on the floor of the cab under the steering column. This element prevents the appearance of driving and tipping the vehicle.
Frame
The frame parts of the German truck are made by stamping, interconnected rivets or by welding. On the brackets fixed on the frame bolts, the following aggregates are mounted:
- Motor.
- Clutch knot.
- Transmission.
- Nadrashnik or body.
- Suspension elements.
- Controls and a number of other details.
A buffer is fixed in front of the front, and on the rear crossing - the traction-hitch mechanism. The Magirus-Doyz dump trucks have a device for short-term towing that does not ensure the possibility of damping the dynamic effects. The onboard analogue is equipped with double-sided shock absorption for long-term transportation of trailers.
Suspension
The front node is a pair of longitudinal springs with two deflection limits on each element. In addition, the structure includes hydraulic double-sided shock absorbers. The springs consists of a dozen sheets combined with the help of a center bolt and four clamps.
The front part is fixed on a static bracket, rear edge - on a swinging earrings. To springs, through a stepladder, the beam is rigidly fixed front Bridge. Rear suspension A two-axis dump truck - a pair of longitudinal semi-elliptic springs. Fastening type - central bolt and two clamps. Also in the design of the node includes:
- Balancing shaft.
- Jet rods.
- Limiters vertical movement.
- Carter gearboxes.
Front axle
This node is a steel beam in the form of a flaming. This configuration allows you to undress the placement of the engine, which is connected along the edges to the fields for fixing the front springs. The beam interacts with the hubs and brake drums Through Schworn and turning pin.
The steering transformed the effort to the left element using the lever aggregated with the longitudinal tight steering. The right range is connected through the transverse left craving. The extreme angle of rotation of the front wheel is 42 degrees, is limited to a pair of protrusions on the bridge beam.
Tires and wheels
To work in the north, the Magirus trucks were completed with disk wheels with onboard rings of removable type. In front, they are one-sided, rear - duplex. Chamber radial tires "Continental" with a universal tread pattern were installed on the car. The wheels are interchangeably interchangeable, fixed on the hubs with the help of ten counterpads. To reduce the wear of rubber and improving controllability, elements were balanced through loads installed on the rim. Recommended pressure in the front / rear tires is 6.5 / 6.0 kgf / cm 2. Deviation from the standard is not more than 0.2 kgf / cm 2.
Work platforms
Magirus Deutz supplied in with onboard or dumping platforms. The first modifications were made of wood, had a base of two layers, was attached directly to the car frame. Rear side and lateral analogs - opened. Domestic dimensions of platforms - 4300/2300/100 or 4600/2400/1000 mm.
For career works and transporting bulk materials with the possibility of fast unloading used dump trucks. The working part of such platforms consisted of three main elements:
- Body.
- Hydraulics lift.
- Oil tank and additional parts.
The unloading was carried out back, the subframe was fixed on the frame, ensuring its strengthening, as well as the basis for fastening the concomitant units, including the oil tank and the lift.
The dump trucks were equipped with Kagel bodies. The 14-ton patterns had a platform without the rear side, the angle of the lift was 60 degrees, the height of the body is about seven meters. IN hydraulic system The lifting mechanism was accompanied by 48 liters of working fluid.
Magirus 232 D-19 K modifications were equipped with two body variations: career model The volume of 7.2 cubes, as well as an analogue with the back side, with a capacity of eight cubic meters. On such machines, it is designed so that the exhaust gases go through the nests in the rigidity edges. Such a configuration prevented the face of the wet bulk load By the bottom of the platform in severe frosts.
Power plants
The first diesel engine of the German truck with the atmospheric type of cooling was constructed by the company's engineers back in 1943 by order of the Wehrmacht. The engine is designed based on analog F-4M-513. By design, the unit is a four-row diesel. Requirements presented by the customer - reliable operation in the temperature range from -40 to +60 degrees Celsius.
Since 1944, the updated power diesel installation F-4L-514 is manufactured. Among innovative implements are vortex cameras. Such a design allowed to reduce the consumption of fuel and thermal load on the cylinder block and pistons. At the same time, the cold start of the motor improved.
Since 1948, almost all "Magirus" used engines with air-cooled engines, which became a kind of company signature sign. Only two percent of the total amount of truck produced, a liquid "shirt" was equipped.
Since 1968, in a new engine plant in Ulm, production started power aggregates Type FL-413 mounted on "Magirus", which were supplied on the BAM.
Benefits
The main advantages of the car under consideration are associated with the original design of the engine, namely:
The native of the German city of Ulm, that in the land of Baden-Württemberg, Konrad Dietrich Magirus (Conrad Dietrich Magirus) knew about the work of the firefighters, he was not a professional fireman himself. So, at the heart of Feuerwehr-Requisiten-Fabrik C. D. Magirus created in 1864, lies its own experience of its creator.
Initially, the company produced equipment for fire equipment, especially glorifying various designs of fire stairs.
Only in the XIX century many unique designs were created - the first folding staircase, the first swivel staircase, the first auto expense. In the eyelid XX-M, this list will complement the development such as the first staircase with hydraulic drive, the highest fire staircase, the first staircase controlled by a computer and much more.
Feuerwehr-Requisiten-Fabrik C. D. Magirus One of the first to begin to adapt self-propelled vehicles for the needs of firefighters. So, in 1903 an attempt was made to create fire truck on steam rod.
In 1911, the company becomes a joint-stock company and changes the name on C. D. Magirus AG. And six years later, mass production of trucks is already beginning, including adapted and fire extinguishing. In 1919, Magirus begins to release buses.
Magirus Bayern 1923.
The crisis that reigned in Germany after the First World War, hasting the company and saw the bank that she took loans. And since 1935, it became a member of the company Deutz AG (in those years, called Gasmotoren-Fabrik Deutz AG, and a few later klockner-humboldt-deutz AG), turning into the division called Magirus-Deutz.
Magirus releases wide the lineup Trucks, special vehicles, buses.
Magirus-Deutz KW 16.
Police car with water cannon.
"July 1943, copy №1003" - is written on a poster attached to the front of this semi-zealous Magirus. During the war, Kleckner-Humboldt-Deutz was one of the main suppliers of such all-terrain vehicles for the fascist army ...
Army truck Uranus V12.
Speccran Uranus V12.
Magirus O 3500 bus 1954.
Magirus Deutz O 3500.
Magirus Deutz Lkw Bundeswehr.
Manufacturer of trucks and various special equipment. Most of all became famous as the creator of fire trucks. Since 1974, Magirus (or Magirus-Deutz) has been part of the IVECO holding and is called Iveco-Magirus since then, respectively.
This is an amplua company and existed before the appearance of the IVECO Holding. By the way, despite the fact that the merger occurred in 1974, the first trucks under the Iveco-Magirus brand appeared only in 1982.
For a long time on Magirus trucks, a diesel engine with air-cooled was used. Because of this, on the spot where the radiator is usually located, a fan was installed. After merging with Iveco, they refused this outdated scheme.
Perhaps the period from 1935 to 1974 was the most bright in the history of Magirus. During the Second World War, it produced various armored vehicles in the workshops. Special attention Deserve several pz.kpfw tanks. IV AUSF. With which there were some similarities of fire stairs on the site of the towers. It was called such a miracle sturmstegpanzer. They were planned to be used with the support of infantry, so that the latter could overcome various obstacles and storming high buildings. It was in 1940.
The delivery agreement in the USSR by Klokner-Humboldt-Deutz (KHD) of the Big Party of Heavy Trucks "Magirus" was signed in October 1974. The contract was preceded by long-term tests of these machines in the harsh road and climatic conditions of Siberia. Actually, initially and it was assumed that "Magirus" will find application primarily on the construction of the Baikal Amur highway, the track of which was supposed to pass through areas with difficult terrain, and in places even on the "permafrote".
In January 1975, the cargo branch of Magirus-Doyz, officially gained independence from the Klokner-Humboldt-Deutz, KHD concern (KLOKKNER-Humboldt-Deutz, KHD) was a member of the international holding of Iveco for the production of trucks. His share of shares was only 20%, but the German side identified its membership in Iveko a number of conditions, including the preferential use of engines air cooling "Doyz" and further use of the Magirus-Doyz brand. Indeed, in the first years, Gamma produced in Ulm wore an old brand, but over time they were replaced with Iveko-Magir-Doyz, and since 1983, Iveko-Magirus was used.
In 1975-76 The fulfillment of the "contract of the century" was necessary for the supply of the Magirus-Doyz's heavy heavy trucks in the USSR, where they were used mainly on the construction of the BAM.
Soviet specialists of air cooled machines attracted first of all durability, reliability, unprecedented before high power and the lack of concerns with the freezing of water in radiators with strong Siberian frosts.
For cars with "normal" engines, this problem was solved very simply, but uneconomically: during the whole cold season they simply did not turn off. On this background, powerful foreign cars seemed to be the riding perfection, although precisely obsolete engines were just led by Magirus-Doyz on the edge of bankruptcy.
In the USSR, 9131 cars were supplied, including 6320 pcs. 3-axis 14.5-ton dump trucks "290D26K" and 1139 side trucks "290d26L" (6 × 4) with Doyz Diesel V10 (14702 cm3, 290 hp), as well as 2-axis models "232D19L" and "290D19K" (4 × 2) with a 11.3-liter V8 motor. All of them were equipped with a 6-speed gearbox, planetary wheeled gearboxes, blocked by differentials, 2-contour pneumatic brake system. Some of them still work in Siberia.
In accordance with the contract in 1975-1976 - in the midst of the BAMA structures - in the USSR, 6320 triaxial models of model 290d26k, 1139 trio trucks models 290d26L with an onboard platform, 940 double-axle models 232D19K and 732 models 232D19L with a side platform were used.
It is easy to see that the main share here was three-axis dump trucks 290d26k with a carrying capacity of 14.5 tons, distinguished by good dynamic qualities, operational and economic indicators, comfort and ease of management.
It will not be superfluous to recall that during the same years, the Soviet auto industry could offer bamets to master the taiga only two-axis 8-ton MAZ-503a
and three-axis 12-ton kraz-256b,
moreover, the working conditions on these domestic machines were completely unsupported with the "Magirus", which had a large three-bed thermally insulated cabin with panoramic windshield, adjustable driver seat and two independent autonomous heating and ventilating installations. A massive wide hood gave the shocks as they loved to be expressed, "another security meter."
Under this hood was a diesel air cooling - high-power, just fantastically reliable, convenient to maintain and repair. Magirus-Deutz 290 It was a 10-cylinder 262-strong DEUTZ F10L413 with a working volume of 14.14 liters, Magirus-Deutz 232 - 8-cylinder 210-strong DEUTZ F8L413 with a working volume of 11.31 liters.
Interestingly, afterwards, already in the 80s of the last century, making sure in the indisputable advantages of DEUTZ diesel engines, the Soviet Union was literally a few steps from the beginning of their release under license the same Klokner-Humboldt-Deutz (KHD)!
It should be noted here that only 2 firms in the world then made a diesel engine of air cooling (in Siberian frosts to launch the engine a huge advantage !!!) - Tatra and Doyz. To build the capacity of the capacity of the plant, the tatra lacked, we needed a lot of dump trucks and not parts, and immediately they purchased almost 10,000 pieces in Germany (the figure for the time of imports of capitalist cars is very impressive) of the Magirus, 90% of them were the dump trucks of the model 290- D.
It is well known that for this in Kazakhstan even a new plant was created - Kustanai Diesel, who was to master the production of the engine "Ural-744" - an analogue of F8L413, which could be equipped with "Ural" cars, and many other Soviet trucks. On almost everything was ready for the launch of a licensed diesel engine in a series, but the collapse of the USSR did not allow this.
Kazakhstan
Although, the Kazakhs will be almost rapidly, the Kustanai diesel plant could become one of the most modern productions in its industry on the economic space of the former Soviet empire, but, as they say, did not come true, and today we all reap the fruits "stupid" politicians of the recent past by purchasing In a mass order, this, actually strategic products in Brazil and the People's Republic of Brazil, as well as resold from hand to the hands built long ago cars equipped with Diesel, the creators of which were ahead of us in technical Plan Not for one decade.
Ural 375 6x6 With Daecel Doitz 413, this is an example of excellent interaction between companies. The excellent off-road chassis + eight cylinder engine with air-cooled, demonstrates the perfect car at the polygon, with high traction capabilities, in motion in tension, in mountain conditions, while maintaining high speed and resource. Especially this hybrid is ideal for military conditions - the absence of cooling water, simplicity of repair, all this makes the machine operation as simple matter as a clean machine AK-47.
GAZ-66.with an airport, this is an example of how the real "shishig" should have been made - reliable, economical and with a high resource. The real dream of military, hunters, yenches and production workers using a gas-66 platform as a chassis equipment carrier with the movement of the latter in extreme roads off-road.
The lawn was equipped with a row six, with air-oil cooled, and a drive effective impeller for blowing cylinders. In cold conditions, the fan worked rarely, and therefore there was little noise from the car. Unfortunately this carDespite the obvious need for the series did not go.
But all the same, at the beginning of the nineties, a partition of wheeled technology was released with diesel engines Deutz 413. These are capotic Urals, with a characteristic angular cabin, with an axis formula 6x6, and even the Urals of the 8x8 C without a braid cabin from Kamaz. Party of trucks was ordered by NGDU "Decochevneft". Machines showed themselves very well, showing high economy, and ultimately showed a decrease in the cost of the life cycle compared to the "native" dieselks.
In 1993, the joint venture of Ural-Iveco produced and put the batch of capapot dump trucks of the Ural-Iveko 330.30 series by the oilmen of Siberia. The dump truck, including dump trucks in the Ural tractor and the semi-trailer of the dump truck. It turned out that the motor resource exceeds the chassis resource several times. When raising the chassis resource, taking into account the benefits of the machine - high permeability, low cost, this type of vehicles with the expanding nomenclature of species and types of the chassis of the Ural, and the add-ons, this car has so far be in no competition.
In April 1994, an agreement was signed with the Russian Factory "Uralaz" (Miass, Chelyabinsk Region) on the production of large-tonnage trucks for work in the conditions of the Far North.
The capotic dump truck of the Ural-Iveco-5531 with two and three leading axes was released.
But the quality of the dump trucks was that our drivers nicknamed their "parody of Magirus" ... Now the issue of the model is completely discontinued.
At this, the history of the mass use and production of diesel engines of Daitz in the territory of Russia ends. But it does not end their production and operation. Now Diesel, the famous series 413, successfully operate in the mining sector of the economy, in the mine household, as drive Installations drilling machines frontal loaders, Dumpers, mini dump trucks, excavators, generators and compressors. Everywhere where complex conditions Operation requires the use of special endless diesel engines.
Man 8 × 8the car container ship for heavy operating conditions is equipped by order by the engine cooling engines DEUTZ 413 or 513, with 8 and 10 cylinder architecture, and up to 18 liters. Available power from 360 to 430 hp
Magirus 330 6 × 6 Dump truck for quarries, uses Diesel Deutz V8 413 with turbocharging, paired with transmission types by order: EATON-FULLER non-indexed gearbox, with ZF TransMatic WSK with 16 front transmission transmissions, or ALISON automatic machine.
Man Kat 8 × 8 The dump truck of extreme permeability should have high traction at low revs, simple engine design, and high reliability. All this gives him a power plant in a Diesel Diesel 513 with a capacity of 420 hp
Magirus-290. Controls and measuring instruments
To control the car and its systems, as well as to control their work in the cabin, controls are established and control and measuring instruments (Fig. 2 and 3).
Speedometer 5 (see Fig. 3) Shows the speed of the vehicle, and the total distance set in it is the total car mileage. The Speedometer scale was rewarded to 120 km / h.
Tachometer 6 shows the rotational speed of the crankshaft. Its scale will be cleaned up to 3000 rpm and has multi-colored fields to select an economical engine operation mode: gray field (from 200 to 1400 rpm) - lower rotation frequency range; green field (from 1400 to 2200 rpm) -Economic rotation frequency range; gray field (from 2200 to 2860 rpm) - upper speed range of rotation; Red Field (from 2860 to 3000 rpm) -Protable rotation frequency range.
Indicators of the engine cylinder heads (right 16 and left 17) show the temperature in the right and left row of cylinders. Work in a set with sensors, "placed in the second and seventh engine cylinder heads. The scale of each pointer has a black and red field. The black field indicates the operating temperature, the red field denotes the critical temperature.
If the engine cylinder head temperature rises so much that the device arrow goes to the red field and the corresponding signal light lights up on block 9 of the test lamps, then immediately stop the engine and eliminate the cause of overheating.
The signal light lights up with an increase in the temperature above 175 ° C.
Oil pressure index 18 shows the pressure in the engine lubrication system. The scale of the pointer is separated to 5 kgf / cm2. Rated pressure in the system 3.5-4.0 kgf / cm2, minimal 0.5 kgf / cm2. If the oil pressure drops below 0.5 kgf / cm2, the corresponding signal lamp lights up on the control lamp unit. In this case, immediately stop the engine and eliminate the malfunction. If the oil temperature rises above 120 ° C, the specified signal lamp will also light up. Engine should stop and eliminate the cause of overheating.
The air pressure index 4 is a two-standing pressure gauge for controlling air pressure in the pneumatic brake system. It has two scales: the top shows the air pressure in the first brake circuit, the bottom - in the second circuit. The maximum air pressure in the system is 8.0 kgf / cm2, the minimum is 7.0 kgf / cm2. Minimum pressure
the air in the system required to start the brakes, -5.0 kgf / cm2.
The control lamp 3 gives a warning signal about the critical air pressure in the system below 5.0 kgf / cm2. The movement of the car can be started only under the condition when the control lamp 3 and the corresponding lamp on the block 9 of the control lamps, which monitors the operation of the parking brake with the spring energy-battery, are not burning.
The fuel level 2 indicator shows the amount of fuel in the tank, has a poor-photon shifting scale, its thin part corresponds to an empty baca, thick - its full capacity.
Pollution pointer 1 air filter Shows the degree of air filter contamination. The operation of the device is based on the use of air cutting in the inlet pipelines resulting from air filter pollution. With a significant air filter pollution in the viewing window of the pointer, it is a red field indicating the need for its maintenance and cleaning. After servicing the air filter, you must press the button at the bottom of the pointer, and the red field will disappear.
Fig. 2. The location of the controls and measurement instruments:
1 - fuse block; 2 - combined light switch, rotation, light and sound signals; 3 - steering wheel; 4 ~ Engine start control panel; 5 - air producer at the windshield; 6 Include ventilation heating flap; 7 - trunk for small things; 8 - ashtray; 9 - handle rotation of lateral ventilation glass: 10 gear shift; 11 - Cover control knob and warm air; 12 - vent hole; 13 is a challenge of switching supply and warm air into a cabin or batteries; 14 - button auxiliary (motor) brake and engine stop; 15- fuel supply pedal; 16 - Working brake pedal; 17 - Clutch Pedal
Fig. 3. Dashboard and controls panel:
1 - air filter contamination index; 2 - fuel level pointer in the tank; 3 - control lamp of critical air pressure in the pneumatic system of brakes; 4 indicator of air pressure in the brake pneumatic system; 5 - speedometer; b - tachometer; 7 - alarm key switches block; 8 - alarm switch; 9 - block of control lamps; 10 - heater control unit; 11-engine launcher facilitation switch; 12-plug socket; 13 - switch starting engine switch; 14 - Button adjust the rotation of the crankshaft of the engine; 15 - ashtray; 16 - right pointer of cylinder head temperature; 17- left cylinder head temperature pointer; 18 Oil pressure indicator in the engine lubrication system
Block 7 keys switches is designed to turn off different electrical appliances. It consists of nine switches: 1 - fog lights; 2 - lighting devices; 3 - Cabin Cabin; 4 - wiper, accelerated mode; 5 - wiper, slow motion; 6 - windshield washer; 7 - the first fan of the ventilation system; 8 - the second ventilation system fan; 9 - backup.
On each of the switches, a symbolic image is applied, indicating its belonging to turn off the appropriate instrument.
The switch 8 of the warning (emergency) signal is to turn off the flashing signal of the farns and rear lights. Switch of the button type with a control lamp.
Block 9 control lamps is designed to control work
separate units, knots and car systems. It includes fourteen control lamps in CSBA, equipped with light filters with symbolic images deposited on them (Fig. 4).
The heater control unit 10 (see Fig. 3) is designed to shut and control the operation of two autonomous heaters. It has keys to start the heaters and turn on the required mode of operation, as well as lamps for control.
The engine start control panel is below the instrument panel. It includes a starter switch and start relief switch 11, a shuttle power outlet 12 for a portable lamp, a switch 13 of the engine starting system, an engine crankshaft rotation frequency control button 14.
Steering wheel 3 (see Fig. 2) is located on the left side. On the steering column on the right there is a device that is using
the key ensures the permutation of the steering wheel in height of 40 mm and the slope is 10 °.
Control pedals (brake pedal, clutch pedal 17, fuel control pedal 15) are located in the cabin in accordance with the generally accepted standard.
The gear shift lever 10 is located to the right of the driver's seat. The transmission circuit is shown in Fig. five.
The control lever hydraulic body lift is located to the left of the driver's seat. For the lifting of the body, the lever is translated from the neutral position forward, to lower the lever return to the neutral position. For compulsory lowering of the body, the lever is translated from the neutral position back and increase the rotational speed of the engine crankshaft.
The shutdown lever of the power take-off shaft is located between the seats on the cabin floor and is designed to turn on the hexorrod oil pump. To turn on, you must turn off the clutch, lift the lever up and turn on the clutch. Turning off is carried out in reverse order.
Button 14 (see rice: 2) auxiliary brake is located on the cabin floor to the left of the driver's seat, designed for
auxiliary engine braking and engine stop. When pressing the button, pneumatic cylinders are actuated, two of them affect the dampers, overlapping the exhaust pipelines, the third turns off the fuel end.
The brake valve of the parking brake is located between the seats on the cabin floor. It is fixed in extreme positions. Rotate the lever to the rear fixed position means turning on the parking brake, which signals the corresponding lamp in the control lamp unit. It turns on the parking brake by the translation of the lever to the front fixed position.
Differential lock buttons are located between the seats on the floor of the body, are designed to turn off the intercole and inter-axis lock.
To turn on the blocking, the button is drawn up, while it block the control lamps should turn around the corresponding lamp of the interclapic or inter-axis blocking. To turn off the lock, the button is returned to the lower position.
Switch rechargeable batteries Located on the front wall of the seats of passengers. To turn on the batteries, the switch turns turn down.
Switch 6 Heating and ventilation dampers is designed to control the supply of warm air into the cabin when the heater and ventilation air is running when the heater is turned off. To turn on the supply of warm air from the heater, the switch is transferred to the upper position to turn on the ventilation air - to the bottom.
The plug socket for connecting an extraneous current and starting the engine is located in the cab on the front wall of the passenger seat.
The combined switch 2 is located on the left on the steering column. It is intended to include near and far Light Headlights, direction pointers, light flashing and sound signals.
Magirus-Deutz trucks produced by the German company Klockner-Humbolt-Deutz (the year of foundation 1864) are long known in many countries of the world. Starting from production on horseback, the company by the end of the 60s of the last century received recognition as a truck manufacturer, including for the needs of the Bundeswehr. The most famous among them trucks:
- Magirus S330 (1949);
- three-axle Magirus 200D26A 6 × 6 Kranwagen (1951-1953);
- multifunctional Magirus-Deutz Jupiter, which was in service with the Army FRG from 1960 to 1967.
Under licenses, companies were produced in Europe (Yugoslavia, Portugal, etc.), Asia (China, Thailand, etc.), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile) and Africa (Congo, South Africa). However, crisis phenomena, periodically shocked the world, did not go out for a popular producer of freight and fire equipment.
Popularity powerful trucks Magirus-Deutz in the late 70s last century It fell so much that even unprecedented contracts for the challenges for the delivery contract for the supply without a small 10,000 trucks, signed with the USSR in 1974, could not save the company from bankruptcy. And only an agreement on the establishment of an international IVECO Corporation (Industrial Vehicles Corporation), which, in addition to the company Klockner-Humbolt-Deutz, entered the Italian Fiat with its foreign units (OM, Lancia and Fiat France SA), solved its financial problems. In the future, absorbing a number of truck manufacturers from different countries The world, the composition of the concern has undergone significant changes.
As a result of this merger, the Magirus brand was gradually derived from circulation and is currently used only on fire machines that Iveco produces.
Magirus brand is currently used only on Iveco fire trucks.
Magirus-Deutz cars in the USSR
Klockner-Humbolt-Deutz is one of the few Western European companies who successfully cooperated with the state structures of the USSR. In the 60s of the twentieth century, the company occupied one of the leading places to produce heavy vehicles. On its production facilities produced:
- Trucks with engine power from 70 to 290 liters. from. In their nomenclature, it was possible to detect vehicles with a carrying capacity from 3 to 17.5 tons.
- Models like Kapotny (HAUBER), and bad fit (Frontlenker) layouts.
- Trucks equipped with Diesel Engines DEUTZ Own production both with inline and with V-shaped cylinders.
- The chassis on the basis of which were going to:
- truck tractors;
- fire trucks;
- vehicles for utilities (garbage trucks, snow blowers, auto expense, etc.);
However, the company focused on the production of heavy construction machines - and onboard vehicles. It was this direction that "Autoexport" was interested, when he turned to the leadership of Klockner-Humbolt-Deutz on the supply of trucks suitable for construction works in the rigid road and climatic conditions of Siberia. The contract concludes a serious work, during which they compared technical and performance features Car domestic manufacturers. In addition to cars, Magirus treated trucks:
- MAZ-503;
- KRAZ-256B;
- KAMAZ 740.51-240.
Domestic cars did not withstand competition with Magirus-Deutz trucks. German technician was the ease of control and comfort of the cab. In addition, they possessed the best economic (fuel consumption of no more than 26 l / 100 km.), Operational (carrying capacity from 10 to 14.5 t.) And dynamic (engine power 232 and 290 l.) Specifications.
Magirus-Deutz trucks have different and more advanced design solutions. For example, in contrast to domestic samples, they equipped:
- automatic control systems for the heat mode of the diesel engine;
- non-synchronized six-speed gearboxes (PPC);
- parking brakes with spring energy accumulators;
- the system of inter-axis and interstole blocking of differential.
As a result of the work done, Autoexport opens its choice on Baubullen's capat laying trucks ("Construction Bulls") of Klockner-Humbolt-Deutz. In October 1974, a contract was signed on the supply of Magirus-Deutz trucks to the Soviet Union for a total of more than 1 billion German grades. As part of this contract, the USSR received 9131 vehicles, including:
- Three-axle Magirus-Deutz 290D26K dump trucks - 6320 pcs.
- Three-axle onboard trucks Magirus-Deutz 290D26L - 1139 pcs.
- Two-axle Magirus-Deutz 232D19K dump trucks - 940 pcs.
- Biaxial trucks With the onboard platform Magirus-Deutz 232D19L - 732 pcs.
In addition, the contract was supplied:
- magirus-Deutz 290D26S truck tractors equipped with semi-trap pipes;
- concrete mixers with a capacity of 6.5 cubic meters. m., collected on the Magirus-Deutz 290D26 chassis;
- wagons-workshops intended for repair of construction and filling vehicles. They were collected on the chassis Magirus-Deutz 290/232.
"AUTOMEXPORT" opted for Baubullen's capat layout trucks ("Construction Bulls") of Klockner-Humbolt-Deutz.
Trucks supplied in the USSR were produced in export performance and did not fall on the domestic market in Germany. They were painted in bright orange or bright red colors, and therefore dramatically stand out among the domestic vehicles.
Some of these cars were equipped with snorkels (vertical outer air intakes) installed along the front corners of the cab, which was caused by the working conditions of trucks in off-road conditions.
In the USSR, Magirus-Deutz trucks were initially involved in the construction of the Baikal Amur highway. Working in the most severe conditions of Siberia (severe frosts, almost complete off-road), they have established themselves from the best side. Due to the high quality of their manufacture, unpretentiousness, endurance and reliability in the process of operation of trucks Magirus-Deutz in the mid-80s of the last century were considered the best construction machines. In the future, they were used in the development of new gas and oil fields in Northern Kazakhstan, Western Siberia and the Far East.
Specifications Magirus-Deutz 290/232 (Table)
| Magirus-Deutz trucks | 232D19L | 290D26L | 232D19K. | 290D26K. |
| engine's type | F8L413. | F10L413. | F8L413. | F10L413. |
| Number of cylinders (located V-figuratively) | 8 | 10 | 8 | 10 |
| The volume of cylinders, cube. cm. | 11310 | 14137 | 11310 | 14137 |
| Power, l. from. at 2650 rpm | 248 | 310 | 248 | 310 |
| Torque, nm at 1200 rpm | 656 | 809 | 656 | 809 |
| Load capacity, T. | 11.5 | 16.6 | 10 | 14.5 |
| Overall dimensions, m | 7x2,49x2,8 | 7,65х2,49х2.8. | 7.1x2,49x3,1 | 8.18x2,49x3,1 |
| Body volume, m. Cube. | 9.89 | 6.58 | 5.9 | 9 |
| Speed \u200b\u200bat MAX. Download, km / h | 77 | 73 | 77 | 73 |
| Diesel fuel consumption, l / 100 km. | 20 | 26 | 20 | 26 |
| Wheel formula | 4x2 | 6x4 | 4x2 | 6x4 |
| Wheel base, m | 4.6 | 3,85+1,38 | 4.6 | 3,85+1,38 |
| Clearance, mm. | 320 | |||
| Wheelpoint, mm (front / rear) | 1968/1809 | |||
| Rotation radius, m | 9.2 | 9.5 | 9.2 | 9.5 |
| Allowable chassis mass, t | 19 | 26 | 19 | 26 |
| Full mass distribution (front axle / rear trolley), t | 6/13 | 6/20 | 6/13 | 6/20 |
Constructive features of trucks Magirus-Deutz 290/232
Baubullen cars were developed in 1971 and at the time of delivery of them in the USSR (1975 - 1976) were considered somewhat outdated. Despite this, they significantly exceeded domestic analogues for technical and operational parameters. This was due to the use of unconventional for the domestic industry design solutions, among which were particularly highlighted:
- Diesel engine of type Deutz FL413.
Basic constructive features These power units can be considered:
- the process of clutch-film mixing;
- availability effective system Forced air cooling with automatic control of the thermal regime, which in the process of work took into account temperature changes:
- motor oil;
- exhaust gases;
- air cooling motor (after contact with heating parts).
The use of air cooling reduced the number of engine faults by about 20% (compared to liquid cooling motors) and completely excluded their defrosting.
- Transmission.
The engine is aggregated with a six-speed gearbox of the transmission of the company ZF (AK-6-90) and one-piece clutch GF420KR. In addition, trucks were equipped with planetary gearboxes in wheel hubs and blocked differentials, which in vehicles with wheel formula 6x4 were blocked not only the rear, but also an intermediate leading bridge.
- Brake system.
In cars used a pneumatic type brake system, which included four independent drives:
- front wheels;
- rear wheels;
- parking brake;
- auxiliary brake.
Working braking system of all wheels - drum with internal brake pads bilateral action.
All Magirus-Deutz braid trucks supplied in the USSR were equipped with the same all-metal triple cabins.
The leading (rear) wheels were additionally equipped with parking brakes, which included brake chambers with spring energy accumulators.
In the operation of auxiliary (motor) compression brake, the backpressure was used, created in the exhaust gas production system. This system was activated by a separate pneumatic crane located in the driver's cab.
The air stock providing all brake systems was provided with a set of special pneumatic equipment consisting of:
- piston compressor running from pulley crankshaft;
- tanks for storing compressed air, which was injected with a compressor;
- automatic regulator that supported the required pressure in the system;
- systems of fuses that exclude the system output in the freezing of the resulting condensate or damage to individual elements of the brake drive.
- Driver's cabin.
All Magirus-Deutz braid trucks supplied in the USSR were equipped with the same all-metal triple cabins. They were equipped with comfortable ergonomic adjustable seats and equipped with a three-layer panoramic windshield. Comfortable car control was provided:
- the original mounting of the cabin to the frame with the help of rubber pillows and hydraulic shock absorbers (two on each side);
- the presence of a hydraulic agent that has taken over 80% of the effort required to rotate the steering wheel;
- two autonomous heating and ventilation installations Webasto. with a separate 2.5 liter container for diesel fuel. The heaters provided heating of the cabin and batteries with a non-working engine. During operation, the cab was heated from the car engine.
