Lovers of Japanese cars are a whole caste of drivers, which simply does not recognize other producers. But it is necessary to choose not only the country, but also a brand, because in Japan there are five well-known and more about five little-known companies producing car technique. Choosing between all representatives of the Japanese world of cars, many prefer Nissan or Toyota, as the best manufacturers in this country. In fact, as in comparing any other brands, these two companies can be found both the pros and cons. Nissan for Russia produces a large number of special models and versions, adapts cars under the conditions of operation. For Toyota, such adaptation is alien, it supplies its high-quality vehicles around the world in the same technical equipment and options.
Nevertheless, you can find thousands of differences, considering representatives of the same segment among these manufacturers. Toyota is concentrated on quality, paying less attention to the design. Nissan looks more at the adequate value of its technology, as well as the comfort of the trip. At the same time, less high-quality materials for the interior decoration can be used in Nissans, as well as engines with outdated technologies. Many concessions have to do in favor of lowering the cost. But you can compare cars not only by design parameter, prices and equipment. Let's figure it out in all comparisons of these cars.
Consider C-Class - an interesting comparison of Japanese brands
Considering the sufficiently complex relationship of the Japanese with small cars, in the model line Nissan there are no cars in general, which in size and dimensions do not reach the C-class. Toyota has such a representative - this is Yaris, - but his fate is ambiguous. As for comfort class, there are quite a lot of representatives from both manufacturers. The most interesting options for this popular and often available segment are as follows:
- Toyota Corolla is one of the most popular sedans, which was updated last year and appeared before buyers in a new light, with updated equipment and excellent technologies, starting cost from 759,000 rubles;
- Toyota Auris - hatchback, which has a lot in common with Corolla, especially in design, but in the technological plan, this car is more adequate for all items, its price starts from 1,050,000 rubles;
- Toyota Verso is a minivan built on the basis of an ordinary C-class, in Russia the car has not received popularity, although it offers interesting design and advanced technology, it is worth such a car from 1 150,000 rubles;
- Nissan Sentra is a novelty for the Russian market, which has a technological engine, a very impressive quality of the cabin, as well as an excellent assembly, the cost of the car starts from 770,000 rubles;
- Nissan Tiida - Lovely Big family hatchback Without hints for sports and dynamics, standard finishing, very practical interior and good progressive engines, prices begin with a mark of 780,000 rubles;
- Nissan Almera - car budget classwhich was created specifically for Russia, the model occupies an intermediate place between B and classes, offers quite quality characteristics, and costs from 420,000 rubles.
At the prices of Nissan predictably turned out to be preferable to Toyota, but what about the quality features? Even in basic configuration Corolla significantly exceeds the emotions and sensations of a trip to Tiida or Central. And if Sentra at least at first seems to be modern and relevant, Nissan Tiida does not withstand competition from compatriots. Moreover, cars are not too different in terms of the quality of technology, but it is worth the basic Toyota cheaper than their main competitors.
Crossovers and Parquetts - Fierce Brand Fighting
The most popular class of cars for Russia, which today develops an order of magnitude faster than its competitive segments, is crossovers. Our compatriots love high-quality transport, which has the required permeability for complex roads. That is why crossovers from japanese manufacturers Enjoy a certain popularity. Among those present today, both concerns can be noted by such representatives:
- Nissan Juke - Corporate and Unique Parcatenik without any special opportunities for 800,000 rubles;
- Nissan Terrano - a new budget clone of the European duster, which has more premium features of appearance - the price of 720,000 rubles;
- Nissan Murano - premium crossover With quite large sizes and technical advantages - from 1,500,000;
- Nissan X-Trail is a well-known crossover with a classroom technique and an updated fully appearance for 1,100,000 rubles;
- Nissan Qashqai is also a fully updated popular family parquetnik with a dynamic design and price from 979,000 rubles;
- Toyota RAV4 is one of the most popular crossovers in the world, a beautiful car with its value just below 1,000,000 rubles;
- Toyota Highlander is a great premium crossover with good potential for all items for 2.5 million;
- Toyota Venza - a wonderful competitor for markets for squat lovers powerful machines based on Prado - from 2.2 million;
- Toyota. Land Cruiser. Prado is a transitional model between crossovers and SUVs, one of the most popular class representatives at a price of 2 million.
Of course, in terms of crossovers, Toyota grinds all of their competitors. What is only equal to Rav4 and Prado. These are monsters of a car business that several generations in a row find their buyer and find themselves on top of sales all over the world. Nissan is worse than the situation. Cascai and X-Trail identified their main target market as a youth group. Therefore B. last generation Machine design turned out to be dynamic and modern. The legendary Juke received incredible sales at the start, but then dust for the typewriter.
SUVs - comparison of monsters from Nissan and Toyota
The most expensive premium cars as part of two corporations are SUVs and pickups. The latter are not provided to carry out any heavy work, as well as one of the options for passenger transport to solve everyday tasks. Therefore, pickups got the spread exactly as universal cars and began to receive a productive dynamic technique, the wonderful equipment of the cabin. In the model line of manufacturers, there are many interesting offers for lovers of real SUVs with amazing permeability:
- Toyota Land. Cruiser 200 is a true SUV, which has become legendary in all its ruler, excellent technologies and powerful engines are fully combined with the cost of cars from 3,000,000 rubles;
- Toyota Hilux - Pickup, which offers no less interesting capabilities than LC 200, but not so comfortable, and also has a smaller filling in the configuration, it is a pickup from 1.5 million;
- Nissan Patrol is the legendary SUV from Nissan, who received a wonderful new appearance, amazing suspension and the highest patency among price competitors, at a timely interesting price from 3.55 million rubles;
- Nissan Pathfinder - Compact SUV with aggressive design of the past generation, remaining and rude today male car, the starting price of this car is more democratic - from 2,000,000 rubles;
- Nissan Navarra is a large premium pickup for daily operation with an elite stuffing of the cabin and high comfort, cost from 1.5 million;
- Nissan NP 300 is another pickup from a Japanese company with more practical characteristics and price only a little higher than 1,000,000 rubles.
Here are such interesting offers you can find in the salons of two companies if you want to purchase a very passable and effective car. Each model has its own individuality, which is expressed in the technique and design, you can find such a car that will be quite suitable for your ideas about high-quality and reliable techniques. It is enough just to take alternately different representatives of the competitive series for a test drive and understand which car is completely satisfied with you. We offer to look at two monster of Japanese equipment in comparison:
Let's sum up
Quality Japanese cars offer you not just good opportunities Trips, but very high reliability and lack technical problems. New cars from these manufacturers have excellent quality and highest performance indicators. You can purchase excellent machines not only by concentration prices. Even at the box office of crossovers from japanese brands Nissan and Toyota have options up to 1,000,000 rubles, which can be called inexpensive budget technique.
If you compare the technique of Nissan or Toyota with other competitors, comparable at the price and important characteristicsIt will be difficult to find worthy rivals. Competition in the market is limited, although brands and models have a huge amount. Feel whether one or another model is suitable for you, only after a personal acquaintance. Go to the selection of the machine consciously and using all individual parameters. Just so you will be able to actually high-quality and suitable car. What model of Nissan or Toyota would you choose today?
Probably, every person in our time wants to use only high-quality things, and cars - no exception. You wish to buy a car that will serve you as a masterpiece modern technologiesAnd getting from riding unraded to pleasure? In fact, the question is rhetorical.
So, if you wish such a car for yourself, then in this case you need to look at Toyota Camry's passenger car, because it is a car - exactly what you need. It is worth noting that Toyota Camry encompass all the positive qualities of the passenger cars - reliability, security, as well as quality. This car It will make it possible to look solid, and also give confidence.
In fact, the Toyota Camry car today is more than a vehicle, since behind the wheel of this car, a person begins to feel a real and alive man who takes everything positive from life.
It is worth paying attention to the comfort, which Toyota cars have, as they are great. Excellent external data, comfort, space and many other interesting to each driver vehicle Quality will be pursued if you sit in the salon of this magnificent car. Technical equipment And the smoothness of the movement is far from the last pleasant moments that serve in favor of the Japanese car.
The Toyota Camry car is a rather powerful means of movement, and the passengers sitting in the cabin may not notice the speed of movement. It is also unlikely to hear any extraneous noise while driving on a car Toyota Camry, because manufacturers have greatly taken care of minimizing wind noise and other outside sounds due to excellent encruptions.
Take for example another Toyota car - Land Cruiser. This is a car that does not need to represent. For over 60 years, this SUV is famous for its technical characteristics, supergoing, as well as amazingly serious design.
Of course, this is a completely different car - this is a huge jeep, though he is not particularly fast, accelerates to 100 km per hour in 9 seconds, but his weight is certainly impressive. In general, Land Cruiser is not a racing jeep, like, namely a huge SUV, tank, can be said.
It costs to celebrate the Toyota Land Cruiser Prado car. This car is unique in his way.
Gasoline 6-cylinder engine with VVT-I system that can develop power 282 horsepower. This indicator is the best among cars of this class.
Another car that deserves attention is Toyota Avensis. This car was developed with the orientation to the European market as one of the competitors. He combines high tech, exquisite design, modern style, power, confidence and dynamism.
We are accustomed to the fact that Japanese automakers today are one of the best all over the world, if not more than saying. Thus, Japanese cars are most often pleased with their quality, reliability, as well as comfort than car manufacturers from other countries. It is worth noting that Toyota's cars in addition to all positive qualities inherent in another high class, superior to other "Japanese".
Let the emphasis on the fact that in the Far Eastern regions of Russia, Toyota cars are particularly popular. For example, in Vladivostok Toyota is incredibly popular due to the fact that the city is not so far from the border with Japan, so do not take such a gorgeous car for yourself. Of course, in Vladivostok there are also other
Recently, the "Avtovvlud" portal has published material about the most dangerous on russian market, relying on these response campaigns, held recently by manufacturers. Representatives of Toyota did not agree that their car got into the number of "winners", and officially refuted the official refutation of journalistic "fabrications", which we bring without bills.
"On behalf of the company, we would like to indicate the incorrect use of terms and distortion of facts in relation to the company" Toyota ". First of all, we draw the attention of the author and readers to the fact that service campaigns are preventive. "Toyota" pays special attention Quality of cars produced. After the sale, the company constantly evaluates how cars behave during operation. From time to time, it may be likely that individual components or characteristics of cars may not comply with the established technical regulations. In such cases, Toyota openly announces the service campaign and freely diagnoses and repair customers' cars.
Secondly, we would like to note that at 6576 cars equipped with an engine with a working volume of 2.0 liters, there is a possibility that in the case of presses and release of the accelerator pedal with a certain frequency, the exhaust gas recirculation valve (EGR1) may not be closed completely due to incorrect software Engine control unit, resulting in exhaust gases can be constantly circulated in eGR systemWhat can lead to an unstable engine operation at idle and only in an extremely rare case to the engine stop while driving. Not a single case associated with the above situation in Russia was not fixed. "
Well, we will not argue with the opinion of the specialists of the Japanese company, although there are no examples of the "incorrect use of terms and distorting facts for service campaigns" in this text. Moreover, we in principle agree that this kind of stocks are used for the most part as an informational reason - so that the brand is not forgotten. However, in some cases, the driving motive may well be a genuine concern for the client. What, by the way, also wrote a portal "Automotive".
However, by touching the question of the legendary reliability of Toyota cars, let them doubt that it surpasses all the other brands. To begin with, they will compare the results of studies conducted by the Analytical Agency. According to him, as of the beginning of 2016, there were 40,850,000 passenger cars in Russia, of which the cars of foreign brands occupied a little more than half, and more precisely - 58%. At the same time, for this year, our fellow citizens and guests of the country acquired for their " iron horses»With foreign pedigree components and 834.2 billion rubles. Unconditional leadership for sales of spare parts for cars belongs to Toyota, which accounted for the sixth part of the total purchase amount. The owners of Toyot spent 134.3 billion rubles for their cars!
At first glance, it may seem that this is a sentence of the reliability of the Japanese company's products. Moreover, the final and appeal is not subject to. However, it is still not so bad. The fact is that 3,544,099 of the Toyotovsk car run on the expanses of our Motherland, which corresponds to 15% of all those who arrived here "foreign cars". Spare parts to them were sold in the amount of 16.1% of the total number of parts implemented to the machines of foreign brands. And yet, the comparison of the last two magnitudes does not confirm the amazing reliability of Toyot.
On the contrary, they resemble the average temperature in the hospital, and with a slope to the side, slightly more "Lomuchi" than in the ordinary case. But we will not run ahead of the locomotive and see what other leaders of the fleet of Russia demonstrate us. For "Toyota" on the total number of cars sold follows another Japanese company. It accounts for 8% of the market and 8.5% spent on parts of money. The proportion is approximately the same, but a little more in favor of "Nissan". They followed Korean with indicators of 6.6% and 6.1%, respectively. Further - French (5.9% and 5.6%) and German (5.7 and 5.5).
I wonder if you have noticed that both Japanese brands require large costs than Korean and European? Of course, you can refer to the fact that Toyota spare parts are more expensive, and the scheduled maintenance of the car has to do more often than the rest. It really is so, and for the most objectivity, we will try to turn to the pair of reliability ratings. So, recently "Avtovzallov" brought these American J.D. Power and Associates, taking into account the problems that car owners face in the first 90 days after purchase
Irina Krochmal - Head of the Development Department of the Production System of KAMAZ Metallurgy
Basic principles T - TPS:
. Jidouka.(Jedoka) - combined processes, quality (used to use the definition of "Autonomization")
. Jit. (Jast In Time) - Right on time
. COST DOWN. - Cutting cost
. Motivation
. Kaizen.- Continuous improvements
T - TPS important component integrated TMS system, which also includes sales and service maintenance Toyota concern.
TMS - Toyota Management System
T-TPS -TOTAL TOYOTA PRODUCTION SYSTEM
TDS - Toyota Development System
TSS - Toyota Sales System
TPS - Toyota Production System
Total Toyota ProDuction System effect
Until 1980, Toyota's management was carried out on the principle of "top-down" or TOP - DOVUN MANAGEMENT. The head of the highest level came to the production site and recommended to eliminate the shortcomings, it was instructed by subordinates, what exactly to do, and the failure was attracted by punishment. This approach was led to overtime work, exhaustion to eliminate comments. All worked to advance the expectation of the next check. The workers even created a unlawful alert system and where the check was intended to arrive, the workers ran away. I had to think and change the approach in the production management.
Since 1980, the method of self-studying (Jichuken) has been proposed to manage production (Jichuken). This formed the core of the Toyota Production System:
- Independent analysis and ranking problems;
- Deep study of the causes of problems;
- Independent development of events;
- Improving the production site;
- High motivation.
Such an approach demanded the main thing - the activation of the company's staff. Since the personnel of production expands the field of activity, to Toyota very much attention is paid to training and workout workers. The workers also assign functions very important for the process of built-in quality and the process of continuous improvement. Therefore, an important condition for constructing management by Jichuken is the preparation and development of workers.
When creating T - TPS and managing the Jichuken method, logistics and quality deposits, and workers are trained and performing the functions of controllers and freight forwarders: competently work with the parameters of suitable products and control the cartan cards. Currently, there are no posts at Toyota, there are no control on finish operations at all, because Built-in quality is created in production, executed and guaranteed by production. And the quality department performs the functions of permanent monitoring of parameters for evaluating operations, develops, implements and tracks measures to improve the quality of the product. All these changes allowed to have 5-6 units of marriage from the total number of nomenclature per 1,000,000 products. With the previous control there were 3-4 units of marriage per 1000 units. The purpose of Toyota 0 units of marriage and are constantly working on it. Workers manufacturing on Toyota is the strongest link.
Differences of the Former TPS System (Old TPS) from T - TPS
|
Emphasis on motivation and kaizen |
Modeling of lines and streams |
Personnel intensification, continuous process improvement (Kaizen) |
|
Management and workers' interaction |
Management through the instructions of the head |
Control through independent thinking |
|
Propaganda management approaches through motivation |
Control and indication from above |
All participate in Kaizen |
|
Guaranteed quality |
Autonomization |
Combined processes |
|
Significant effect |
Any improvements |
Think and earn |
|
Reduced cost |
Active modeling of streaming |
Engineering Processes from Line Design |
POWER OF COMPANI (power or power of the company)
Toyota experts assess the company's strength of the company's staff. For this use the formula
n.
Company success \u003d ( P.eRSONALITY) * ( A.bILITY) * ( M.)
i \u003d 1 i i i
n \u003d Workes + Staff
where
. P.- Personal qualities of the employee of the company (character)
. A.- skills, employee professionalism
. M.- employee motivation level
This determines Toyota's success of the company, that is, profit and quality.
The role of the head, the manager of any level of the company is constantly working to raise the level of skills and motivation of personnel, in other words, intensify the employees of sites, departments and office employees. Toyota's leadership does not consider itself an outstanding, but this principle that introduces the company gives the result and distinguishes it according to the main force, Toyota has very skillful and highly highly known people.
Toyota constantly evaluates himself and global comparative analysis (GBM) with an emphasis on T - TPS in a five-point system. It helps determine the company's place at the world level. Toyota specialists were invited to evaluate on this system and other world companies in the United States, Korea, China, Japan. If the assessment reaches 3 points, the company is considered competitive in the world. Currently, only Toyota has a rating of 5 points. Most US companies, Korea has 2-3 points and does not have 4-5 estimates, in China until only 1-2 points.
The assessment is built on the hexagon diagram, each of the angles means the rating parameter, and the level of the center - points (from one to five).
Production sites and personnel
. Standardization
. Personnel training
. Logistics level
. equipment
. quality (as much as quality guarantee)
As already mentioned, Toyota from other companies is distinguished by people with multifunctionality. This is an important advantage and this is entirely provided and supported. It is necessary at each production site there is a matrix with a list of jobs (operations) and a list of workers of this section, in which the main indicators of the employee (skills) are reflected in the painted sectors of the circles.
1 - passed training
2 - I know how to perform operation
3 - I can perform qualitatively
4 - I can train another
This method of evaluating the working sections and visualization of skills is important. If you need to increase the time of the tact, the scope of work, and the staff is not very prepared, the work is unlikely to speed up and the task will be fulfilled. The more the multifunctional is developed, the easier it is to change the time of the tact and the volume of production. Toyota once a month necessarily changes tact time. If the qualification allows, it is also useful to rotate workers.
Toyota training is systematized. People learn from the moment of receipt. As employees are taught, ranks are assigned skills. The highest rank s, they have very not many. The main ranks a, b, c ... Workers' ranks are also visualized, posted in the workshop. Training is carried out one-time, the theory is read and then can be proceeded with the implementation. In the course of training, workers have to grab on the fly, because Theory is taught only once. But during the construction of T - TPS, this knowledge must be applied in practice, so there are training, they are carried out several times. During the trainings, skills are acquired, as it should be done correctly in practice. Listening to the information not everything is possible to remember. Therefore, the training step is important: to remember the body at a specific working operation without errors. Do not waste time repetition - this is visualization. This method helps both the worker and supervisor. Important: convey information and consolidate it.
The main tool for enhancing the work of production sites is "quality mugs". This form exists on an ongoing basis, its participants - members of the brigade of the site. The main goal of the "Quality Mug" is an independent analysis of the identified problems of the production operations of the site, an increase in the quality of the product quality and the search for a reduction in production costs.
Between the plots of the enterprise ("Quality Circles") there is a competition for the quality of work and by decision production problems. The results once a month are summarized at a general meeting of "quality circles". Award the best works. It is important. The level of skills is growing on the sites, the level of knowledge and motivation increases.
In addition to the main technological requirements for working operations, the main requirement of Toyota is requirement not to make marriage. In this direction, Toyota uses the Andon tool in the manufacturing process. Any worker is given right to stop the production lineIf after 60 seconds after detection of deviations, problems are not eliminated as a manufacturer. As a rule, the stop occurs extremely rarely.
Andon - alert system
On Toyota is never punished for a marriage. On the contrary, if it happens so that for some reason the marriage is made, it was found and presented - it is encouraged. Each working plot serves as a quality controller. If the worker has discovered a deviation in the production process and this may result in marriage, it immediately acts: gives a signal using a button or lace, after which the warning lamp for the manager lights up. The tablo Andon has every plot. This is an electronic scoreboard, which reflects all the operating operations of the site. At the same time, this is a warning system for all workers. On the problem place Immediately, on the yellow lamp signal, the head of the site is suitable. He has 60 seconds for the solution and usually solve the problem in 60 seconds. If you do not solve, then in 60 seconds the red lamp will light up - this is a signal for all about the stop of the line. It is important.
Visualization gives very important on Toyota. Visualization is a way to prevent and control an abnormal situation. Visualization is a reminder important informationThis form consolidate the knowledge gained for a specific operation.
Jidouka (Jes) - combined processes, quality (used to use the definition of "Autonomization")
Built-in quality. Principle: Only the production of suitable. Do not marry, prevent the emergence of marriage, not to transmit marriage.
Product quality management is a system of stops and alerts in case of marriage. The quality control process is supported by non-expensive devices and cheap control methods. Controllers within the process are production workers who perform operating operations. All responsibility for quality carries the production department. On each site make an affordable product and only the suitable product is transmitted from the site. Therefore, it is customary to talk about combined processes or combining processes, and not autonomization, as was previously taken.
For a thorough control assessment, there is a control matrix. In traditional control schemes, it is difficult to evaluate where marriage arises, a lot of time is lost, as a result, marriage reserves are created! Most enterprises for marriage are taken from a personal computer and are too relying on unreliable information. PC displays only a small part of reality, so in Toyota it is customary to identify marriage on each frontier. If the cause of marriage is found, then events are introduced (Kaizen). First of all, it is necessary to perform an analysis of the problem in place. Or as they say to Toyota: the crime is investigated at the crime scene, the weapons who committed a crime.
All helpful information Marriage is located in the "Corner of Quality" on each site. Required a sample of marriage and documents for this marriage. This supports the production department, not the quality control department. Built-in quality is created by those who produce, guarantees and provides quality. The quality control department defines the function of supporting the production department. SW performs various timekeeping and time measurements.
To identify marriage there are tools:
. When married Stop!
. Marriage not accept and not pass!
. Map of quality check with notation 5-levels: poor quality (marriage), a little better, tolerant, well, very good.
The level of marriage products is decorated with a matrix. Such a matrix is \u200b\u200bfilled for each site. Operations exist on the site. All of them are recorded in the matrix. Operations are applied on a 5-point scale.
Table for Approximate Example
(a) - Evaluation that details of the necessary parameters and convenience of execution
(b) - Evaluation on checking technical conditions
In the developed matrix, the parameters and characteristics of the required quality are laid by the specifically. Upon all low points of the matrix, undeveloped activities are held (Kaizen). Such an improvement made it possible to significantly raise the level of quality.
Now in Toyota, such a quality report is used in the auxiliary industries when improving processes at each workplace. In recognition for the identified marriage, people are encouraged, the problem urgently disassemble and eliminate the causes.
COST DOWN - Cost reduction
In Toyota every day everyone thinks over the reduction of the cost of the product. It is not important to do anything too! Do not create unnecessary reserves, not to do the work that no one ordered. They are engaged in a reduction in cost with the involvement of all personnel, starting with the design of new products. The reduction in cost is actively engaged in manufacturing. Cost control is carried out by a selected brigadier. It controls the cost of raw materials and materials, energy consumption, labor costs.
Previously, information on the cost of Toyota was closed, but today information at cost is transmitted to the production departments to reduce it. Each specialist of the manufacturing department should think about the cost and look for ways to reduce it. With the previous approach in the management was: the heads of departments and workshops controlled the work processes and gave instructions. Now, plus this was the requirement to reduce the cost, be in contact with the employees, engage in the activation of workers, instill the skills for the implementation of improvements, train personnel, improve productivity and quality.
An important tool in achieving a cost reduction is improvements (Kaizen)
. 5 S \u003d 4 S +1 S (Improving)
. Visualization
. Performance of standard operations
The effect in the activation of employees and the high level of motivation.
Score from 5 s: Consciousness and subconscious
Toyota believes that it is necessary to set estimates on each work site. It is necessary to estimate the effect of 5 S is definitely - this is the activation of employees and sites. Estimates increase the level of skills and motivation. Toyta constantly work on improving the level of skills of workers and motivation. As a rule, a group of people works on each site. The goals that the group puts is achievable. If the group reaches the goal, the participants are satisfied. It is important that the atmosphere of joy is maintained. It is concluded by scientists that the joy of the brain perceives, as a relationship and seeks to repeat. On these dependencies in Toyota, the concept of estimates of 5 s was built. It is always constantly on the site group to influence and move the group up to a real target. No need to stabilize estimates 2 and 3. This leads to a decrease in the result, the level of motivation is reduced. Any assessment can be good, but can and improve. The head must know well the features of working with the group and be sure to praise workers even for minor improvements. The promotion of improvements is especially needed.
Thinking works with the theory, it is important to build a transition from planning to action. For what reason do not proceed to action, if we all know well? Requires the impact on consciousness and subconsciousness and in particular, lift motivation. Often the subconsciousness is not ready, even if consciousness determines the need for action. In order to transfer information from consciousness to the subconscious, it is necessary to raise motivation. Part of the brain is responsible for motivation. Managers should understand how to influence the spiritual state of a person and be able to raise motivation.
All the activities of the former production system of Toyota was aimed at reducing stocks, cost reduction, quality improvement, that is, the leadership did not think about the happiness of workers and the company. Total - TPS puts the goal: to achieve the level of happiness of each employee and thereby increase its level due to 5 s, "quality circles", TPM and other tools.
If the goal of TPS was to cut employees, today in T - TPS is not relevant. It is necessary to start building the production system with the intensification of personnel and improve motivation.
Statistics also indicate that during everyday work, workers know better and understand the causes of equipment failure. The workers themselves make proposals for improving the maintenance of equipment and improving the process with the use of equipment. The main workers perform supporting operational equipment maintenance work: know how to perform service and check, clean, minor repairs. This is done everywhere on Toyota, so this practice has been named Universal maintenance of TRM equipment. But large repairs and planned service Perform service units.
Brigades of workers are constantly involved in the assessment meetings of the TRM. Such meetings are called bu-ah. Bu-ah estimate all the brigades (for example, on 2 plants of 100 brigades of 7 people in a brigade). During the assessment, a list of 200 brigades is drawn up (from the best to less good). At the collections of BU-A is detected, which brigades are more active, what less. At the meetings there are workers and management of factories. The assessment affects the salary of the brigade, starting next month. That is, it can change every month, depending on the assessment of BU-A. Such a system creates healthy competition and a constant desire to work on improving the process. Meetings are very necessary and this is a positive tool for Toyota.
Jit (Jast In Time) - for sure
An important element of the Toyota production system is organized internal and external logistics.
In the production corps of Toyota is prohibited diesel loaders. Only the movement of the broadcar with trailed carts is allowed. For the movement of electrical transport and people are marked tracks: red for electrocar and carts, green for workers. Along the movement of the supply route, the tape is glued with the notation as prompts. The Eidzhivi system works (trolleys and moving structures, such structures develop the workers themselves). All workers of Toyota think about a decrease in cost and impeccably perform standard work and activities to reduce cost, including in logistics. Workers do not make unnecessary movements and do not carry out work that do not bring values. Shelves on Toyota height not more than 1.5 meters, the level of racks is leaked, allows you to visually view the products, streams, movement of transport and does not light up contact with managers.
An important achievement on Toyota is the exclusion of inter-operational reserves. In order not to create in-deployed production reserves, much attention is paid to the logistics and tool Kanban with Kanban cards (information on the quantity for the delivery of components for the operation). Production equipment is engaged in the equipment of the equipment. They optimally set jobs and make up routes for delivery of components. The logistics department is also included in production. This allows you to optimize logistics schemes.
The entire course of production visualizes the electronic scoreboard. It is necessarily visible sections and processes, time tact, plan, fact, deviation,% of the use of equipment.
Along the movement of the conveyor there is a markup, which allows to evaluate the actions performed in 12 seconds. In preparatory operations use a set of modifications for the main process, observing the necessary sequence. The components of the parts are used. Previously, the crowded components lay on racks near work places, now they are constantly delivered. Stocks from the wheels only multiple time time of operation. In essence, there is no stock. Works pulling system. In order to build work so much, you must constantly work with the plan and make timely adjustments. If production sites do not comply with the rhythm of the implementation of the plan, then problems appear, the confusion is created on the converters. The Canban system works from the last site and does not create reserves, because the previous section does not do what is not required to subsequent.
Kanban is also a movement of information. The cartan card is a record. In Toyota do nothing if there is no confirmed information. The plan must be controlled. As a tool, visual cards canban on the border of the plots. In the production of Toyota, 90% of operations are organized with the use of Kanban cards and the Canban card is considered the most successful tool for adjusting production planning. Each previous site serves the following. Tara has multiplicity of packaging places for the required amount of order. The card received with the package is shifted into the box and is sent with information on the previous operation: delivery time, quantity (min, max), if necessary, other clarifications. Used red and green cards. Red for transportation, green - for production order (for manufacture). If the manufactured parts are waiting for the delivery of the green card, and before transporting the green card is replaced with red. There is I.
Kanban, it is used to manage parties. If the supplier at the remote territory, the electronic canban is used, the supplier prints it, performs and sticks to the container with the delivery of the orderard shipment.
For the introduction of work with cards, the Canban requires serious preparation and workers and managers. If you miss, the Canban does not work.
In 2007, Toyota's profits amounted to $ 20 billion
In 2008, Toyota loss amounted to $ 5 billion
Toyota concluded that the reason is not a financial crisis, and the company ceased to pay a special place to control stocks. Any company on an ongoing basis is required to work with stock management events.
To reduce the volume of warehouse reserves, Toyota uses multiple delivery: the more often deliver, the better. Transport, delivering goods must be completed with the time of the production tact, of different necessary inventory values \u200b\u200bfrom different suppliers. It is important that reserves do not create excess storage and intermediate warehouses. If you compare the cost of transport and warehouse operations and excessive reserves - it is more profitable to accommodate more often. When ordering a supplier, the order is delivered in the sequence in which it is necessary for production.
If the level of stocks of components and materials falls under production to a minimum, then the system is valid by analogy with Andon, after the auto-signal signal to the supply service is operational. Thus, the pulling system works. Concerning small details, for them there is a place next to the operation (stock rack with methms, washers, rivets, corks ...).
As a result, when working with deliveries, a matrix of support for components, raw materials and materials is also created.
Logistics level on Toyota is the highest in the world. And this level is provided by Toyota people. System Jit.(Jast in Time) "Exactly on time" works at the expense of a high level of motivation, skillful management of plans and well-trained personnel.
KAIZEN- continuous improvements
Kaizen in Toyota is a consequence of any analysis and study of the causes of problems. The activation of personnel is the main thing. Much attention is paid to production processes, improvement - the process endless. The principles of T - TPS bring Toyota to the development stage with emphasis on improving (Kaizen) when designing new lines before the production of products. The new approach in the management of Toyota is all Kaizen. Previously, Toyota also estimated and submitting and implementing proposals. Now only the implementation is paid.
Domestic car market will not name scarce - the proposed models of cars are quite diverse, which is called, for every taste and wallet. But in fact, the buyer faces a serious problem: the purchasing power of most people, to put it mildly, the average, the means for buying a car are collected more than one year. Therefore, when buying, a model is selected, which will not have to be changed in 2-3 years.
And then the question arises - which cars will be so reliable, which will serve their owner for many years? In this regard, domestic motorists have long paid attention to Toyota cars.
Who determines which cars can be called reliable?
First of all, each car concern leads the statistics of reliability of its own models. The internal ratings of reliability are drawn up annually, on the basis of which marketing departments are planned to further issue models or their replacement for new ones. But the internal rating of the company's products is secondary compared to the place where the car model is located in general ratings that combine cars regardless of their manufacturer.
There are organizations in the world leading professional studies of this major topic. In their work, they rely on large arrays of information that provide them with organizations controlling the country's fleets, insurance companies, networks maintenance.
The most famous organizations that regularly publish their auto ratings, among which - and ratings are the most reliable machines:
. German Union of Automobile Supervision DEKRA (The main emphasis in the preparation of the rating is made on the results of technical inspections);
. TUV technical supervision association (also analyzes auto reliability based on technical inspection data, along with DEKRA covering almost 100% car park Germany);
. Universal ADAC atomsive Club (the largest European public organization of motorists, among other things, controlling information on technical refusals on the roads of Germany);
. The British Organization Warranty Direct (unlike German organizations, forms its ratings based on car surveys analysis);
. The American Consumer Reports organization (enjoys an analysis by a method similar to Warranty Direct).
All listed organizations regularly constitute various ratings of car models. These ratings may differ not only because of the use of various information arrays, but also because of various approaches to the analysis itself.
There are ratings in which only cars, Cars, regardless of their class, or broken down into small, medium, large models, ratings that analyze the reliability of new cars, with a service life of 1 to 3 years, from 3 to 10 years, over 10 years.
Because of such a difference in the approaches, it is often difficult to figure out which models fall to the top of the pedestal.
Why exactly Toyota?
The Toyota Japanese concern produces cars corresponding to the highest standard adopted in the rising sun. Initially, quite serious requirements are put forward to cars in Japan. This is due to a number of climate factors in Japan:
. high humidity;
. air saturation sea salt;
. Consistent temperature differences - from heat to snowfalls.
All these circumstances led to the fact that the Japanese cars are made of high-quality steel, which perfectly transfers all these whims of nature, and therefore, it is completely suitable for our harsh climate, both in winter and in the offseason.
Reliability of cars of this manufacturer is confirmed by the fact that in many world rankings of reliability cars Toyota car host leading positions. Analyzing Toyota car models, we focused on the results of analytical work of both European and American controlling organizations from the list above.
Toyota traditionally spends great efforts to ensure that the quality of cars created by the company has always been on top. After the car is sold, the special department of the company is constantly evaluating how the car exhibits itself during operation. If there is a suspicion that any specifications The models do not meet the declared indicators, the company's management organizes a number of service events, conducts free diagnostics of cars sold and, if necessary, their repair.
So, let's see what kind of Toyota cars can pay attention to the buyer's attention as the most reliable. Please note that in this list you will not see relatively new models, and this is natural. Automotive new products have no history, which allows to evaluate how they behave after the Momitric Migrations. Their time of struggle for positions on this pedestal will still come.
1. Toyota Camry.
This model is practically the legend of automotive forums where the auto-tolerance of the car is discussed. Perhaps, this most existing company models are most reliable. According to the results of DEKRA and TUV Camry ratings - the most reliable sedan in its class.
According to statistics, the car with ease withstands exploitation for 10 years or more. 500 thousand kilometers for her is not a problem and not the limit.
2. Toyota Prius.
This model is interesting that at the moment the results of surveys of the audience of car owners of various countries of Europe, Asia and the United States are the most popular hybrid model in the world. Moreover, its popularity is due primarily to reliability.
When the model was first introduced at the car market, a lot of critical comments were heard from Auto Eksekpert. But the best check of any estimates is the time, and in this case it perfectly worked at Prius at all.
In general, hybrid cars are known for the possible problems of the motor. But it is noteworthy that in the case of Toyota Prius, the car owner will rather be forced to change the battery to a new one, rather face any problems of a hybrid motor.
3. Toyota Corolla
In order to evaluate the reliability of this Toyota model, it is enough to pay attention to domestic roads - there are many cars of this brand here, even if old, but still in excellent condition. Perhaps a little can be called brands and models of cars that are used in mass order so long time.
For Corolla, ten years of operation is not a critical figure. Upon the condition of high-quality maintenance and use of high-quality engine oil and half a million kilometers fuel - not a critical mileage, the potential of the car is much larger.
Toyota manufacturers paid attention to the success of this model and with a purely Japanese circumstance took measures to ensure that the technical components and components are used in the new generations of the model as in the models of old generations. This is another important reason why Corolla has a new generation continues to use in motorists in constant demand.
4. Toyota Highlander.
Highlander is characterized by the fact that during its existence, the exterior change has changed more and even the style. It is interesting and indicative that with such design changes affecting the dimensions and many other factors, the engineers managed to maintain the same quality and reliability of the model.
As for previous listed toyota modelsFor the "Highlander" ten years of active exploitation - not the limit, if, of course, relate to the technique carefully. A new generation of the model still attracts the attention of those for whom reliability is a fundamental factor when choosing a car.
5. Toyota Land Cruiser 200
This SUV is an excellent combination of reliability, high passability and quality even against the background of its global "fellow". Interesting fact It is that even at the design stage of the model, the developers made the main focus on the durability of all technical components and the components of the car so that it serves for a long time and reliably for at least 10-12 years in extreme conditions.
In our country, there are often cases when motorists acquire a used Land Cruiser 200 with a mileage of 350-400 thousand km and with ease pass on it for the same distance - the car remains reliable and trouble-free.
6. Toyota Land Cruiser Prado
Another frame SUV. From the country of the rising sun, not inferior to two hundred. Prado The manufacturers themselves call the "younger brother" a two hundred model inherited all the advantages of their predecessor. This is a full-fledged high-quality SUV, which meets all the requirements for these class cars.
7. Toyota RAV 4
RAV 4 is one of the most popular crossover models in the world. At the moment, the already fourth generation of cars of this model is produced, and if the appearance of new models is fundamentally different from old samples, then quality and reliability remained unchanged.
RAV 4 - a visual example, refuting the claims that body Toyota. Corrosion is subject to statistics, the Body Damage RAV 4 over the years is minimal, the wet sea air of Japan, and harsh frosts of Russia are perfectly withstanding.
Conclusion
Of course, in the domestic automotive market, you can meet a lot of models that have proven ourselves as reliable and durable, but Toyota products deserves close attention from those for whom the car is not a domestic appliance, purchased for a couple of years, and the technique from which the long and Honest service.
Also note that the Toyota rating of Toyota cars entered exclusively models that are often found on our roads, because the models implemented exclusively in Japan, it does not make sense.
