Recall once again a little about this cooling system.

IN liquid cooling system Special cooling fluids are used - antifreeze different markshaving a thickening temperature - 40 ° C and below. Antifreeze contain anti-corrosion and anti-speaking additives, excluding scale formation. They are very poisonous and demand cautious. Compared to water, antifreeze has a smaller heat capacity and therefore remove heat from the walls of the engine cylinders is less intensively.

So, when cooling with antifreeze, the temperature of the walls of cylinders by 15 ... 20 ° C is higher than when cooling with water. It accelerates the engine heating and reduces the wear of the cylinders, but in the summer it can lead to engine overheating.

The optimal temperature mode of the engine with a liquid cooling system is considered to be such at which the temperature of the coolant in the engine is 80 ... 100 ° C on all modes of engine operation.

In car engines applied closed (hermetic) liquid cooling system with forced circulation Coolant.

The inner cavity of the cooling cooling system does not have a permanent connection with the environment, and the connection is carried out through special valves (at a certain pressure or vacuum) located in the radiator stoppers or expansion tank Systems. The coolant in such a system boils at 110 ... 120 ° C. Forced coolant circulation in the system is provided by a liquid pump.

Engine cooling system consists of:

• shirt cooling head and cylinder block;
• radiator;
• pump;
• thermostat;
• fan;
• expansion tank;
• connecting pipes and drain cranes.

In addition, the cooling system includes a car body salon.

Principle of operation of the cooling system

I suggest to consider first principal scheme cooling systems.

1 - heater; 2 - engine; 3 - thermostat; 4 - pump; 5 - radiator; 6 - plug; 7 - fan; 8 - expansion tank;
A - a small circle of circulation (the thermostat is closed);
A + b - a large circle circulation (the thermostat is open)

The circulation of fluid in the cooling system is carried out in two circles:

1. Small circle - liquid circulates when starting a cold engine, providing it fast warming.

2. Big circle - The movement circulates when the engine is heated.

If it is easier to speak, then a small circle is circulation of coolant without a radiator, and a large circle - circulation of coolant through the radiator.

The cooling system device differ in its device depending on the car model, however, the principle of operation is one.

The principle of operation of this system can be seen in the following videos:

I propose to disassemble the system of the system on the sequence of work. So, the start of the cooling system occurs when the heart is started in this system - the liquid pump.

1. Liquid pump (Water Pump)

Liquid pump provides forced circulation Liquids in the engine cooling system. On the engines of cars apply paddle pumps of centrifugal type.

Search for our liquid pump or water Pompe It follows on the front of the engine (the front part of this one, which is closer to the radiator and where the belt / chain is located).

The liquid pump is connected by the belt with the crankshaft and the generator. So to find our pump enough to find crankshaft And find the generator. We will talk about the generator later, but so far only show what you need to look. The generator looks like a cylinder attached to the engine housing:

1 - generator; 2 - liquid pump; 3 - crankshaft

So, the location was understood. Now let's look at its device. Recall that the device of the entire system and its details are different, but the principle of operation of this system is the same.

1 - pump cover;2 - Stubborn sealing ring of the gland.
3 gland; 4 - pump roller bearing.
5 - hub pulley fan;6 - locking screw.
7 - pump roller;8 - pump housing;9 - Pump impeller.
10 - receiving nozzle.

The pump work is as follows: the pump drive is carried out from the crankshaft through the belt. The belt twists the pump pulley, rotating the hub of the pump pulley (5). He in turn leads to rotation of the pump shaft (7), at the end of which the impeller is located (9). The coolant enters the pump housing (8) through the receiving nozzle (10), and the impeller moves it into the cooling shirt (through the window in the case, visible in the figure, the direction of movement from the pump is shown by the arrow).

Thus, the pump has a drive from the crankshaft, the liquid enters it through the receiving nozzle and goes into the cooling shirt.

Liquid pump work in this video (1:48):

Let's see now, how do liquid go to the pump? And the fluid comes through a very important part - the thermostat. It is the thermostat that is responsible for the temperature regime.

2. THERMOSTAT (THERMOSTAT)

The thermostat automatically adjusts the water temperature to accelerate the engine warming after starting. It is the work of the thermostat that determines how the coolant (large or small) will go.

This unit looks like this in reality:

The principle of operation of the thermostat Very simple: The thermostat has a sensitive element, inside of which the solid filler is located. At a certain temperature, it starts to melt and opens the main valve, and the optional on the contrary is closed.

Thermostat device:

1, 6, 11 - nozzles; 2, 8 - valves; 3, 7 - springs; 4 - cylinder; 5 - diaphragm; 9 - rod; 10 - filler

Thermostat work is simple, you can see it here:

The thermostat has two inlet nozzles 1 and 11, outlet nozzle 6, two valves (main 8, optional 2) and a sensitive element. The thermostat is installed before entering the coolant pump and connects to it through the nozzle 6.

Compound:

Throughpipe 1. Connect fromengine cooling shirt,

Through pipe 11. - With Lower disclosure Bulk radiator.

The sensitive element of the thermostat consists of a cylinder 4, rubber diaphragm of 5 and stock 9. Inside the cylinder between its wall and rubber diaphragm there is a solid filler 10 (fine-crystalline wax) with a high volume extension coefficient.

The main valve 8 of the thermostat with spring 7 begins to open at a coolant temperature of more than 80 ° C. At a temperature of less than 80 ° C, the main valve closes the yield of the fluid from the radiator, and it comes from the engine to the pump, passing through the opening additional valve 2 of the thermostat with spring 3.

As an increase in the temperature of the coolant more than 80 ° C in the sensitive element, a solid filler melts, and its volume increases. As a result, the rod 9 comes out of the cylinder 4, and the balloon moves up. An additional valve 2 begins to close and at a temperature of more than 94 ° C overlaps the coolant pass from the engine to the pump. The main valve 8 in this case opens completely, and the coolant circulates through the radiator.

The valve operation is clear and clearly shown in the figure below:

A - small circle, the primary valve is closed, bypass - closed. B - a large circle, the main valve is open, the bypass - closed.

1 - inlet nozzle (from the radiator); 2 - primary valve;
3 - thermostat housing; 4 - bypass valve.
5 - nozzle of the bypass hose.
6 - Cooling fluid supply pipe into the pump.
7 - thermostat cover; 8 - piston.

So, we dealt with a small circle. Disassembled the device and thermostat, connected. And now let's go to big circle And the key element of the big circle is the radiator.

3. Radiator (Radiator / Cooler)

Radiator Provides the heat of the cooling fluid heat in environment. On the passenger cars Tubular plate radiators are used.

So, there are 2 types of radiators: collapsible and not collapsible.

The bottom is presented to their description:

I want to say again about the expansion tank (Expansion Tank)

Next to the radiator or the fan is installed on it. Let's now turn to the device of this fan itself.

4. Fan (FAN)

The fan increases the speed and amount of air passing through the radiator. On the engines of cars, four- and hexadener fans are installed.

If a mechanical fan is used,

The fan includes six or four blades (3), glued to the Cross (2). The latter is brought to the pulley of the liquid pump (1), which is driven by the crankshaft using the belt transmission (5).

As we previously talked, the generator (4) also enters the engagement.

If an electric fan is applied,

that fan consists of a 6 and fan motor 5. Fan - four-blade, attached to the motor shaft. The blades on the hub of the fan are located unevenly and at an angle to the plane of its rotation. This increases the flow of the fan and reduces the noise of its operation. For more efficient operation, the electric fan is placed in a casing 7, which is attached to the radiator. Electristant attached to the casing on three rubber bushings. The electric fan is turned on and off automatically sensor 3, depending on the coolant temperature.

So, let's summarize. Let's not alone and summarize on some picture. Do not focus on concrete device, But the principle of work should be understood, for it is the same in all systems, no matter how their device would not differ.

When starting the engine, the crankshaft begins to rotate. Through the belt transmission (I will remind you that it also contains the generator) is transmitted rotation to the pulley of the liquid pump (13). It leads to rotation shaft with an impeller inside the body of the liquid pump (16). The coolant enters the engine cooling shirt (7). Next, through the outlet (4), the coolant returns to the liquid pump through the thermostat (18). At this time, the thermostat is opened by a bypass valve, but closed the main one. Therefore, the fluid circulates through the engine shirt without the participation of the radiator (9). It provides quick engine warming. After the coolant is heated, the main thermostat valve opens and the bypass valve is closed. Now the fluid can not flow through the torus of the thermostat (3) and is forced to flow through the supply nozzle (5) into the radiator (9). There, the liquid is cooled and arrives back into the liquid pump (16) through the thermostat (18).

It is worth noting that some of the coolant comes from the engine cooling shirt into the heater through the nozzle 2 and returns from the heater through the nozzle 1. But we will talk about it in the next chapter.

I hope now the system will become understandable for you. After reading this article, I hope it will be possible to navigate in another cooling system, which realized the principle of operation of this.

I propose to read the same with the following article:

Since we affected the heating system, the next my article will be about this system.

Workflows car Engine Pass at high temperatures, so to ensure its performance for a long time it is necessary to remove the height heat. This feature provides a cooling system (CO). In the cold season, heating the cabin is made at the expense of this heat.

In the car used turbocharged, the function of the cooling system includes a decrease in air temperature supplied to the combustion chamber. Additionally, one of the circles from the cooling system of some models of cars, equipped with automatic box Transmissions (automatic transmission), the cooling of oil in the automatic transmission is turned on.

There are two main types of CO: Water and Air. The principle of operation of the cooling engine of water cooling is to heat the fluid from power plant Or other nodes and recoils of such heat into the atmosphere through the radiator. In the air system, air is used as a working cooler. In both options there are their advantages and disadvantages.

However, a cooling system with liquid circulation was larger than distribution.

Air So.

Aerial cooling

The main advantages of this layout include the simplicity of the design and maintenance of the system. Such with practically does not increase the mass power aggregate, as well as not capricious to changes in ambient temperature. The negative includes a significant selection of motor power with a fan drive, elevated level noise when working, badly balanced heat removal from separate nodes, the impossibility of using the engine block system, the impossibility of accumulating the heat of heat for further use, for example, heating the cabin.

Liquid SO

Cooling fluid

System using heat removal using special fluid Due to its design, it can effectively get unnecessary heat from the mechanisms and individual details of the structure. In contrast to air, the engine of the engine cooling system with liquid contributes to a faster set of operating temperature at startup. Also, the motors with antifreeze are significantly quieter and are subject to smaller detonation.

Cooling system elements

Consider in more detail how the engine cooling system works on modern cars. There are no significant differences between gasoline and diesel engines in this regard.

As a "shirt" for cooling the motor, the structural cavities of the cylinder block are performing. They are located around zones from which it is necessary to distinguish heat. For a faster removal, a radiator is installed consisting of curved copper or aluminum tubes. A large number of additional edges accelerate the heat exchange process. Such ribs increase the cooling plane.

Before the radiator, the fan fan is installed. The influx of cooler streams begins after the electromagnetic coupling is closed. It turns on when fixed temperature values \u200b\u200bis reached.

Work thermostat

The continuity of cooling fluid circulation is ensured by the operation of the centrifugal pump. The belt or gear gear for it receives rotation from the power plant.

The thermostat is engaged in adjusting the flow directions.

If the coolant temperature is not high, the circulation passes through a small circle, without inclusion in it with the radiator. If the permissible thermal mode is exceeded, the thermostat is powered by a large circle with the participation of the radiator.

For closed hydraulic Systems Interesting the use of expansion tanks. Such a tank is provided in from the car.

Circulation of coolant

Salon Warming is performed using a heater radiator. Warm air in this case It does not go into the atmosphere, but it starts inside the car, creating comfort to the driver and passengers in the cold season. For greater efficiency, such an element is installed almost at the outlet of the liquid from the cylinder block.

The driver receives information about the state of the cooling system using the temperature sensor. Signals also go to the control unit. It can independently connect or turn off the actuators to comply with the balance in the system.

System work

Antifreeze with multiple additives, including anti-corrosion, are used as cooling fluids. They help increase the durability of the nodes and parts used in CO. Such a liquid is forcibly pumped through the centrifugal pump system. Begins to move from the cylinder block, the hottest point.

Initially, there is a movement at a small circle with a closed thermostat without entering the radiator, because even the working temperature for the motor has not yet been gained. After entering the operating mode, the circulation occurs in a large circle, where the radiator can be cooled by the oncoming stream or using the fan connected. After that, the fluid returns to the "shirt" around the cylinder block.

There are cars using two cooling circuits.

The first lowers the temperature of the motor, and the second take care of the influxing air, cooling it to form the fuel mixture.

The car is intended to protect the worker unit from overheating and thereby controls the performance of the entire engine unit. Cooling is an essential function in the operation of the engine. internal combustion.

The consequences of the cooling malfunction in the engine can become fatal for the aggregate itself, up to the complete failure of the cylinder block. Damaged nodes may not be subject to restorative work, their maintainability will be zero. It should be with all attentiveness and responsibility to use and conduct a periodic flushing of the engine cooling system.

Controlling the cooling system, the car owner will directly take care of the "Heart Health" of its Iron "Horse".

Purpose of cooling system

The temperature in the cylinder block when the unit runs can rise to 1900. From this volume of heat only part is useful and used in the necessary modes of operation. The rest is displayed by the cooling system beyond motor compartment. Increase the temperature regime above the norm is fraught with negative consequences that lead to exercise lubricants, violation of technical gaps between certain details, especially in piston groupWhat will lead to a decrease in their service life. Overheating of the motor, as a result of the engine cooling system, is one of the causes of the detonation of a combustible mixture supplied to the combustion chamber.

Engine supercooling is also undesirable. In the "cold" unit, the loss of power appears, the oil density increases, which increases the friction of non-shown nodes. Working fuel mixture It is partially condensed, thereby making the lubricant cylinder walls. At the same time, the surface of the cylinder wall is subject to the process of corrosion due to the formation of sulfur sediments.

The engine cooling system is designed to stabilize the thermal mode necessary for the normal operation of the vehicle motor.

Types of cooling system

The engine cooling system is classified according to the method of heat removal:

• cooling with liquids in a closed type;
• air cooling in an open type;
• combined (hybrid) heat removal system.

Currently, air cooling in cars is extremely rare. Liquid can be an open type. In such systems, heat removal occurs through a steam-cutting tube into the environment. The closed system is isolated from an external atmosphere. Therefore, this type is much higher. At high pressure, the threshold of boiling the cooling element increases. The refrigerant temperature in the closed system can reach 120.

Air cooling

Natural air cooling with air masses is the most the simplest way Heat removal. The engines with this cooling type are discharged to the environment using radiator ribs located on the surface of the aggregate. Such a system has a huge drawback in the functionality. The fact is that this method directly depends on the small specific heat capacity of the air. In addition, there are problems with the uniformity of heat removal from the motor.

Such nuances impede the installation of both efficient and compact installation. In the engine cooling system, the air comes unevenly to all parts, and then you have to avoid the possibility of local overheating. Following constructive features, the ribs for cooling are mounted in those places of the engine, where the air masses are least active, due to aerodynamic properties. Those parts of the motor that are most susceptible to heat, have towards air masses, while more "cold" sites are placed from behind.

Forced air cooling

Engines with such a type of excess heat removal are equipped with a fan and cooling edges. Such a set of structural assemblies allows artificially togeting air into the engine cooling system for blowing cooling edges. A protective cover is installed above the fan and ribs, which is involved in the direction of the air masses for cooling and prevents heat from the outside.

Positive moments in this type of cooling is made simplicity constructive features, low weight, absence of refrigerant feed and circulation nodes. The disadvantages are considered a high noise level of system functioning and cumbersome device. Also in forced air cooled, the problem with the local overheating of the unit and the cutting of blowing, despite the installed covers, is not solved.

This type of engine overheating prevention was actively used up to the 70s. The operation of the engine cooling system with forced air type was popular for small vehicles.

Cooling with liquids

The liquid cooling system today is the most popular and common. The process of heat removal occurs with the help of a liquid refrigerant circulating in the main elements of the engine using special closed highways. The hybrid system combines elements air cooling Simultaneously with liquid. The liquid is cooled in the radiator having ribs and a fan with a casing. Also, such a radiator is cooled by the supply air masses when the vehicle is moved.

The liquid engine cooling system gives a minimum noise level during operation. This type is universally collecting heat and removes it from high efficiency engine.

According to the method of movement of the liquid refrigerant system, the system is classified:

Engine cooling system

The design of the liquid cooling has the same structure and items, both for a gasoline engine and for diesel. The system consists of:

• radiator block;
• oil radiator;
• fan, with a housing installed;
• pump (pump with centrifugal force);
• tank for expanding heated fluid and level control;
• circulation thermostat of refrigerant.

When washing the engine cooling system, all these nodes (except for the fan) are affected for more efficient operation.

The cooling fluid circulates through the mains inside the block. The combination of such aisles is called a "cooling shirt." It covers the most suspended areas of the engine. The refrigerant, moving along it, absorbs heat and carries it to the radiator unit. Cooling, it repeats the circle.

System functioning

One of the main elements in the engine cooling system is considered a radiator. His task is to cool the refrigerant. It consists of a radiator crate, inside of which tubes for the fluid movement are laid. The coolant enters the radiator through the bottom nozzle and goes through the top, which is mounted in the upper tank. Top of the tank has a neck closed with a lid with a special valve. When the pressure in the engine cooling system increases, the valve is turned off and the fluid enters the expansion tank attached separately in the engine compartment.

Also on the radiator is a temperature sensor that signals the driver about the limiting heating of the fluid by means of the device installed in the cabin on the information panel. In most cases, the fan is attached to the radiator (two) with a casing. The fan is activated automatically when the critical temperature of the coolant is reached or works forced from the drive with the pump.

POMP provides constant circulation of coolant throughout the system. The power of rotation pump receives by belt transmission from the pulley of the crankshaft.

The thermostat controls the large and small circle of refrigerant circulation. When the engine is first started, the thermostat is powered by a small circle to ensure that the motor unit is faster to warm up to operating temperature. After that, the thermostat opens a large circle of engine cooling system.

Antifreeze or water

Water or antifreeze is used as a coolant. Modern car owners began to apply more and more. Water freezes at minus temperatures and is a catalyst in corrosion processes, which negatively affects the system. The only advantage is its high heat transfer and also, perhaps, availability.

Antifreeze does not freeze when cold, prevents corrosion, prevents sulfur sediments in the engine cooling system. But it has a lower heat transfer that negatively affects the hot season.

Fault

The consequences of cooling faults are overheating or engine supercooling. Overheating can be caused by fluid deficiency in the system, unstable work Pump or fan. Also incorrect operation of the thermostat when he must open a large cooling circle.

May be caused by strong pollution of the radiator, lining the highways, bad work Radiator covers, expansion tank or poor quality antifreeze.

Cooling system - This is a set of devices that provide forced heat removal from the heating engine parts.

The need for cooling systems for modern engines caused by the fact that the natural dispersion of heat is the outer surfaces of the engine and the heat sink into the circulating motor oil Do not provide the optimal temperature mode of operation of the engine and some of its systems. Overheating of the engine is associated with a deterioration in the process of filling the cylinders with fresh charge, the burning of the oil, an increase in friction losses and even the piston jam. On gasoline engines there is also a danger of a vibrant ignition (not from the spark of the candle, but due to the high temperature of the combustion chamber).

The cooling system should provide automatic maintenance of optimal thermal regime Motor on all speed and load modes of its operation at ambient air temperature -45 ... + 45 ° C, fast engine warming up to operating temperature, minimal power consumption for actuating system units, low weight and small dimensions, operational reliability, determined by service life, simplicity and convenience of maintenance and repair.

On modern wheeled and tracked machines, air and liquid cooling systems are used.

Using air system Cooling (Fig. A) The heat from the head and the cylinder block is transmitted directly by blowing their air. Through the air shirt, the image of the casing 3, the cooling air is driven by a fan 2 driven by the crankshaft using the belt transmission. To improve the heat sink of cylinders 5 and their heads are equipped with ribs 4. The cooling intensity is regulated by special air dampers 6, controlled automatically using air thermostats.

Most modern engines have a liquid cooling system (Fig. B). The system includes cooling shirts 11 and 13, respectively, heads and blocks of cylinders, radiator 18, upper 8 and lower 16 coupling pipes with hoses 7 and 15, liquid pump 14, distribution pipe 72, thermostat 9, expansion (compensatory) tank 10 and fan 77 . In the cooling shirt, radiator and nozzles there is a coolant (water or antifreeze - non-freezing liquid).

Fig. Air (s) and liquid (b) engine cooling systems:
1 - belt transmission; 2, 17 - fans; 3 - casing; 4 - cylinder ribs; 5 - cylinder; 6 - air damper; 7, 15 - hoses; 8, 16 - upper and lower connecting nozzles; 9 - thermostat; 10 - expansion tank; 77, - shirts of cooling head and cylinder block; 12 - distribution pipe; 14 - Liquid pump; 18 - radiator

When the engine is running, the liquid pump acts on the crankshaft shaft creates a cooling fluid circulation in the system. In the distribution pipe 12, the liquid is sent first to the most heated parts (cylinders, block head), cools them and on the nozzle 8 enters the radiator 18. In the radiator, the fluid flow branches himself along the tubes on thin jets and is cooled by air, blowing through the radiator. The cooled liquid from the lower tank of the radiator on the nozzle 16 and the hose 15 enters the liquid pump again. The air flow through the radiator usually creates a fan 77, driven by a crankshaft or a special electric motor. On some tracked machines, an ejection device is used for ensuring air flow. The principle of operation of this device is to use the exhaust gas energy flowing at high speed from the exhaust pipe and fond of air.

Regulates the circulation of fluid in the radiator, maintaining the optimum temperature of the engine, thermostat 9. The higher the temperature of the fluid in the shirt, the more significant the thermostat valve is open and more fluid enters the radiator. At low engine temperature (for example, immediately after it start), the thermostat valve is closed, and the liquid is sent to the radiator (by a large circulation of circulation), and immediately in the pump receiving cavity (for a small circle). This achieves a quick engine warming after starting. The cooling intensity is also adjustable using the blinds installed at the inlet of the air tract or output from it. The greater the degree of closure of the blinds, the less air passes through the radiator and worse cooling of the liquid.

In the expansion tank 10, located above the radiator, there is a supply of fluid to compensate for its decrease in the circuit due to evaporation and leaks. In the upper cavity of the expansion tank, the resulting pair from the top collector of the radiator and the cooling shirts is often discharged.

Liquid cooling compared to air has the following advantages: Easy engine starting in conditions of low ambient air temperature, more uniform engine cooling, the possibility of applying block structures of cylinders, simplification of layouts and the possibility

air tract isolation, smaller engine noise and lower mechanical stresses in its details. At the same time, the liquid cooling system has a number of disadvantages, such as a more complex design of the engine and system, the need for coolant and more frequent oil change, the danger of leakage and freezing of fluid, increased corrosion wear, considerable fuel consumption, more complex maintenance and repair. , as well as (in some cases) increased sensitivity to the change in ambient temperature.

Liquid pump 14 (see Fig. B) Provides the cooling fluid circulation in the system. Centrifugal impeller pumps are usually used, but sometimes gear and piston pumps are used. Thermostat 9 may be single and two-flaped with a liquid thermosular element or an element containing a solid filler (Cersein). In any case, the material for the thermosyl element must have a very large volumetric extension coefficient so that the thermostat valve rod can move on a rather long distance when heated.

Practically, all terrestrial vehicle engines with liquid cooling are equipped with so-called closed cooling systems that do not have a permanent connection with the atmosphere. In this case, an overpressure is formed in the system, which leads to an increase in the boiling point of the liquid (up to 105 ... 110 ° C), an increase in the cooling efficiency and reduce losses, as well as a reduction in the probability of air and steam bubbles in the flow of liquid.

Maintaining the necessary overpressure in the system and ensuring access to it atmospheric air at a permit is carried out using a double steam truck valve, which is installed in the highest point of the liquid system (usually in the lid of the bulk neck of the expansion tank or radiator). The steam valve opens, allowing the excess of the pair to go into the atmosphere if the pressure in the system exceeds atmospheric to 20 ... 60 kPa. The air valve opens when the pressure in the system is reduced by 1 ... 4 kPa compared to atmospheric (after stopping the engine coolant cools, and its volume decreases). The pressure drops in which the valves are open are provided by the selection of valve springs.

In the liquid ventilation system of cooling, the radiator is washed by the air flow created by the fan. Depending on the relative positions of the radiator and the fan, the following types of fans can be applied: axial, centrifugal and combined, creating both axial and radial air flows. Axial fans are installed in front of the radiator or behind it in a special air-powered channel. The air is supplied to the centrifugal fan along the axis of its rotation, and is given to the radius (or vice versa). When the radiator is located in front of the fan (in the suction area), the air flow in the radiator is more uniform, and the air temperature is not raised due to its mixing with a fan. When the radiator is found behind the fan (in the injection area), the air flow in the turbulent radiator, which increases the cooling intensity.

On heavy wheeled and caterpillar vehicles, the fan actuator is usually carried out from the crankshaft of the engine. Cardanium, belt and gear (cylindrical and conical) transmissions can be used. In order to reduce dynamic loads on the fan in its crankshaft drive, unloading and damping devices are often used in the form of torsion rollers, rubber, friction and viscous couplings, as well as hydromeuft. To drive the fan relatively low-power engines Special electric motors are widely used, the power is carried out from the onboard electrical system. This, as a rule, reduces the mass of the power plant and simplifies its layout. In addition, the use of an electric motor for the actuator drive allows you to adjust the frequency of its rotation, and therefore the intensity of the cooling. With low cooling fluid temperature, automatic shutdown of the fan is possible.

Radiators bind with each other air and liquid paths of the cooling system. Purpose of radiators - transmission of heat from coolant atmospheric air. The main parts of the radiator are input and output collectors, as well as the core (cooling grille). The core is made of copper, brass or aluminum alloys. By type of core distinguish the following types of radiators: tubular, tubular-plate, tubular-tape, plate and cellular.

In the cooling systems of the wheeled and tracked machines, tubular-plate and tubular-tape radiators were obtained the greatest distribution. They are tough, durable, technologically in production and have high thermal efficiency. Tubes of such radiators have, as a rule, a plane cross section. Tubular-plate radiators can also consist of round or oval tubes. Sometimes the tube of the plane-mounted section is located at an angle of 10 ... 15 ° to the airflow, which contributes to the turbulization (twist) of air and increases the heat transfer of the radiator. Plates (ribbons) can be smooth or corrugated, with pyramidal protrusions or bent spacing. Corrugating the plates, applying spacing and protrusions increase the cooling surface and provide turbulent air flow between tubes.

Fig. Lattices of tubular plate (a) and tubular-belt (b) radiators

For the stable and trouble-free operation of the engine (internal combustion engine) in each car corresponds to the engine cooling system. After all, if a cooling should not happen, it can lead to the overheating of the engine, and further to expensive repairs. The present article will go about the engine cooling system, its principle of operation and device, as well as solving some problems arising during operation.

Principle of operation and basic function

The main function of the cooling system is the overtaking of excess heat emanating from the engine and preventing its overheating. A B. winter It provides time, heating the car's interior with the heater radiator. In standard circulation systems, it cools the heated parts, and in modern cars Performs a number of additional functions, such as:

1. Cools liquid Automatic transmission
2. Cool oil in the lubrication system.
3. Heats air.
4. Cools Cutter Gases Cool.

The principle of operation of the engine cooling system looks in this way: the cylinders in the cylinder block are surrounded by the so-called "water cushion" of the coolant (coolant), which is constantly circulating, due to which the optimal operating temperature is achieved.
Antifreeze and antifreeze are used as a coolant, and you can add distilled water as an exception.

Over time, these liquids fall into the precipitate, which negatively affects normal cooling. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to replace the coolant according to the regulation of the service book. To understand how the engine cooling system works, the first thing is to consider the device circuit.

Device scheme

The engine cooling system circuit consists of such direct items:

• cooling radiator main;
• radiator fan;
• water pump (pump);
• cooling shirt (water pillow);
• thermostat;
• radiator heater;
• expansion tank.

Such schemes are practically similar to diesel and gasoline engines, There is only a small difference in the principle of operation of the diesel engine. Each of the details plays an important role for the stable and proper operation of the engine cooling system, and, if one of them fails, it may entail an overheating, and in the consequence will result in time and repairs. It is necessary to consider each element separately.

Radiator and fan

The radiator of the engine cooling system is one of the main elements and is intended for dispersion to the atmosphere of heat allocated from the engine coolant, and is also responsible for the condition of the engine temperature. A structural radiator is made of a plurality of tubes with ribs that increase the heat transfer.

The engine cooling system fan is designed to improve the efficiency of the radiator. There are 3 species, depending on the drive:

1. Electric.
2. Hydraulic.
3. Mechanical.

The most common electrically driven fans. The operation of the fan is activated when the coolant sensor is triggered, thereby enhancing the air flow. In the case when the cells of the radiator were clogged, they can be tricking them with special Tools, Sometimes this method helps.

Water pump

Pump in the car is intended for constant circulation, working coolant. In the water pump, there are often two drives: belt or gears. In cars, in which the engine is additionally equipped with a turbocharger, in addition to the main pump, is still additional, which provides more efficient turbocharger over the turbocharger and inflating air.

The "water shirt" is a system of channels for circulation of coolant, which pass through the head of the cylinder blocks (GBC) and serve to derive excess heat, thereby cooling the internal combustion engine.

Thermostat

The next not a small node is a thermostat. Its main purpose in the engine cooling system is to adjust the streams of coolant, accelerating the engine warming and maintain a given operating temperature with all modes the work of the DVS. The thermostat is installed often in the nozzle leaving the radiator.

At high temperature, the engine in the thermostat, the valve is broken down and the coolant circulates by a large circle, connecting the radiator to operation. In other words, in the case when the thermostat is closed, it promotes the coolant for a small circle in the "water jacket", and when it is open, the liquid directs into the radiator.

Visually, the heater radiator is similar to the main radiator, but it is smaller and is installed inside the car's cabin. The main task is to heat the car's salon in the winter period. By the way, his breakdown is a common malfunction in winter, and, for example, in Kalina cars, it often fails due to uncomfortable fastening, and in the investigation ceases to come warm into the car's salon.

Expansion tank with plug-valve

The expansion tank of the engine cooling system is designed to maintain the necessary level of coolant. Over time, when working and changing the temperature of the fluid, its volume changes and its volume is changed that it is necessary to compensate for the tilt of the coolant. It is always necessary to monitor the level and in the case of the minimum allowable level to add it. Also important item is the expansion tank valve cover.

The most common faults

During the operation of the car, various cooling faults may occur. It should be considered the most common: air in the cooling system, the pressure in the system, the thermostat breakdown or pump, flow.

Environment, perhaps, the most common malfunction, which is found, is the air in the system during the top of the coolant. In order to eliminate, air should be laid.

Excessive pressure in the engine cooling system can damage rubber nozzles or radiators. Simply put, they can just break. Permissible indicators vary from 1.2 to 2.0 atmospheres. For normal pressure, the lid valve valve of the expansion tank is responsible, which, if necessary, opens and releases extra steam.

In case of failure of the thermostat or pump, such a breakdown is eliminated by replacing the new part. There are cases when the motorist discovered traces of leaks, and to the nearest one hundred still you need to get there, then so as not to overripe the engine use sealant for the engine cooling system. It is intended to create a seal in the place of leakage, however, it is not recommended to use it often, it is only an extreme measure.

Repair of the engine cooling system can be performed independently, but if a motorist has little skills, it is better to trust the specialists with a hundred.

Outcome

It's time to summarize the outlined information. COOLING OF DVS plays an important role for the correct and stable work car. You should not forget to monitor the condition of the nodes responsible for cooling, and as the coolant coasters from the expansion tank to add it.