The invention relates to K. parachute techniqueIn particular, multi-polar parachute systems intended for landing heavy loads with aircraft. The design provides a decrease in the weight of the parachute system and increasing its operational reliability. The parachute system contains an exhaust parachute and basic parachutes whose domes have a frame with a frame of tapes connected to the main stalls, and is equipped with a spur of the ripples passed through the fastening elements and porrodzak. The selection of the sizes of the rings, their number, their distance from the lower edge, as well as the length of the ripping hole leads to a decrease in the weight of the parachute system, as well as to increase its operational reliability. 8 yl.
The invention relates to a parachute technique, in particular to the design of a multi-polar parachute system (ISS) intended for landing from the aircraft (LA) of heavy loads, such as a variety of equipment weighing from 1000 to 20,000 kg and more. The ISS includes a bundle of the required number of main domes, depending on the weight of the cargo and the specified landing rate. The wide use of the ISS in the practice of parachute landing is explained by a number of positive qualities, characteristic of only the ISS. The main one is a reliable landing of landing loads during damage to one or more domes. In addition, the manufacturing technology and operation of the ISS is less complex in comparison with the technology and exploitation of a single-square system of several hundred and even thousand square meters required for landing heavy loads. The disadvantages of the ISS refers to the bulk of the filling of all the domes of the system and therefore the unevenness of the distribution of loads between the domes, this circumstance makes it construct the dome of increased strength, which increases the weight of the entire system. The simultaneity of disclosure and filling of the ISS domes is achieved by various ways. The most common of them is the method of rifting domes. The ISS is known, containing the dome in a riflation cord fastening elements at the same time on the tapes of the radial frame over each main sling, which leads to the following disadvantages: first, inconvenience when installing the cord of the riflation, since the elements of its fastening are located inside (in folds) laid dome, secondly, a large number of elements of fastening the cord of the riflation, which complicates the technology and increases the mass of the dome. The closest in technical essence to the invention is the system includes a bunch of basic parachutes, the domes of which contain a frame with a frame of ring and radial tapes connected to the slips, and is equipped with a cord of the riflation passed through the mounting elements (recordings) located at the bottom edge of the dome in each from the main sling. Dumping rhyps are carried out with the inlet. The disadvantages of the famous ISS are: the complexity and high cost of manufacture, since on each dome of the well-known ISS-350-12m, it is necessary to put 80 pieces of lover; Large Weight of the ISS, so the weight of each dome of 350 m 2 increases by 2.5 kg, which increases the weight of the entire system of 12 domes to 30 kg; The complexity of the installation of the cord of the riflation, as the recordings are located in each sling and when laying, they turn out to be inside the laid dome. The technical result of the invention is to reduce the ISS weight and increasing its operational reliability. This is achieved by the fact that a multi-pop parachute system that includes exhaust and basic parachutes, the dome of the latter contains the panels with the frames of the frame and the main lines connected to the ribbons in the field of the bottom edge of the dome, and are equipped with a cord of the rifrance passed through the fastening elements and squeezes, According to the invention, it elements for fastening the cord of the riflation are placed on the panels of the dome between the frames of the frame with a pitch, the value of which is chosen from the relation: B to T, mm, where b step of fastening elements, mm; To the empirical coefficient, to 2.45-2.85; T The distance between the main stalls, mm, while the mentioned elements are located above the lower edge of the dome at a distance selected from the condition: H mm where n is the distance of the mounting elements from the lower edge of the dome, mm; t The distance between the main stalls, mm; And the empirical coefficient, and 3.5-6.0, and the number of fastening elements are determined by the formula:
N 2 where n the number of fastening elements;
3,14;
B step of fastening elements, mm, in addition, the rifer cord is installed without the inlet, the length of which is made equal
l mm where l length of the cord of the rifrance, mm;
D diameter of dome cutting, mm;
With empirical coefficient, from 62. FIG. 1 shows the output of cargo from LA; FIG. 2 μs with stamped domes, general form; FIG. 3 Same, with swapped domes; FIG. 4 Node I in FIG. 2; FIG. five a-A section FIG. four; FIG. 6 View by arrow B FIG. five; FIG. 7 View by arrow in FIG. five; FIG. 8 riflation scheme. A multi-pop parachute system (ISS) is intended for landing from an aircraft 1 (FIG. 1) of cargo 2 using an exhaust parachute 3. The ISS contains basic parachutes 4 (Fig. 2-3), on the parses of the domes of which are rings 5 \u200b\u200b(fastening elements) Through which messed the cord 6 of the riflation and are installed two porroresack 7. Rings 5 \u200b\u200b(FIG. 4) are sewn into the mounted panels between radial frames of 8 frames, connected to the main strips 9 in the field of the lower edge of the dome. The ends of the cord 6 (FIG. 6) are fixed using specialsack 10 and studs 11. Pills 7 (FIG. 7), associated with the plugs 12, are installed on the cloth and cord 6 of the ripples and is closed with valve 13 with textile fasteners 14. Rings 5 \u200b\u200bare closed On the domes of the main parachutes 4 with a certain step, the amount of which is chosen from the relation:
B K T, mm. And with K\u003e 2.85, there will be an excessive number of elements 5 of the fastening of cord 6 of the riflation and therefore an increase in the mass and value of the dome, and when< 2,45 возможен местный выход нижней кромки из-под шнура рифления и разрушения купола. Кольца 5, через которые пропускают шнур 6 рифления, закрепляют выше нижней кромки купола парашюта 4 (фиг. 4) на расстоянии, выбранном из условия:
H mm.
Moreover, when A\u003e 6 is possible a local yield of the lower edge of the dome from under the cord 6 of the rifrance and the destruction of the dome, and when< 3,5 порыв шнура из-за увеличения динамической нагрузки на него. Количество колец 5 определяют по формуле
N 2.
When laying, each dome of the main parachutes 4 rifuve without the inlet, i.e. Through rings 5 \u200b\u200bpasses cord 6 of the rifer, the length of which is equal
L MM.
And with C\u003e 62 it will be difficult or impossible to install the cord of the rifrance, and with< 62 купол будет слабо стянут. Длина шнура выбрана так, чтобы при его установке купол основного парашюта был надежно стянут и усилие стяжки было бы одинаковым на всех куполах. Работает МКС следующим образом. После введения в действие вытяжного парашюта последний вытягивает из ЛА1 груз. После выхода груза из ЛА1 вытяжной парашют отсоединяется и вводит в действие систему основных парашютов в зарифленном виде. После срабатывания пирорезаков 7 купола основных парашютов равномерно раскрываются и обеспечивают приземление груза с заданной скоростью. Изобретение позволяет обеспечить удобство при укладке основных парашютов, так как кольца для шнура рифления размещают с определенным шагом не над стропами, а между ними с тем, чтобы при укладке они находились на внешних боковых сторонах уложенного купола и обеспечивали хороший доступ к ним при монтаже шнура рифления;
reduce the number of elements of fastening the riflation cord, which reduces the weight of the entire parachute system, namely, it is necessary to put 80 pieces for each dome on the prototype, and no more than 15 rings are required for each dome, and the weight of each dome on the prototype increases on 2.5 kg that a parachute system of 12 domes gives an increase in weight to 30 kg, and according to the invention, the weight of each dome increases only 0.35 kg and the entire system of 12 domes by 4.2 kg, and others are preserved and even improved. Characteristics of the ISS:
Provide constant on all domes of the main parachutes of tightening during installation of the cord of the riflation, since the latter is made of a given length;
ensures uniform administration (drawing) of the system into action, excluding the uneven loading of individual domes, which is not provided on the prototype with the rifrance having an inlet;
provide the necessary resistance of domes in the air at the stage of riflation, uniform disclosure of all domes after the tweaving and eliminates the local yield of the lower edge of the dome from under the riflation cord, since the latter is located above the lower edge of the dome at a given distance;
Mounting loads as at a minimum height of 300-500 m, applying various models of the grade, for example, the PPK device with cutters and from the heights of 4000-8000 m without a significant increase in dynamic load, i.e. With the proposed ripping scheme without the inlet with an increased time delay of the riflation stage. With a known rifer with the inlet (prototype), the dynamic load increases at an altitude of 4000 m to 30% and at an altitude of 8000 m to 60%, which can lead to the destruction of the domes.
Claim
A multi-polar parachute system, which includes the exhaust and main parachute, the dome of the latter contains the panels with frame ribbons attached to them and the main lines connected to the ribbons in the field of the bottom edge of the dome and are equipped with a cord of the riflation passed through the fastening elements and sinks, characterized in that the elements The mounting cord fastenings are placed on the panels of the dome between the frames of the frame with a pitch B K T (mm), where K 2,45 2.85 empirical coefficient, T the distance between the main stalls, and the mentioned elements are located above the lower edge of the dome at the distance H T / a (mm), where t is the distance between the main stalls, mm; A 3.5 6.0 Empirical coefficient, and the number of n fastening elements are determined by the formula
where D diameter dome cutting, mm,
In addition, the rifle cord is installed without the inlet, the length of which is LD / C (mm), where C 62 empirical coefficient.
Lesson 1. Practical - 3 hours. Preparation of the workplace. Laying VPS-8 in stages, for mounting on the HosmemoC of the aircraft, laying, documentation design.
Lesson 2. Practical - 3 hours. Laying UPS-8 for landing with the "Zug" method. It is carried out on the content of classes 1.
Claim 3. Practical - 3 hours. Preparation of the workplace. Training Laying VPS-8 in stages under the leadership of the head of the classes, training in the quality control of the laying by trained in the role of the PDP instructor, the design of the documentation, the quality control of the installation by the head of the occupation by the Radget method of laid by trainee systems.
Lesson 4. Practical - 3 hours. Laying the block of stabilizing parachute (BSP) of the ISS-5-760.
Lesson 5. Practical - 3 hours. Training laying of the block of stabilizing parachute of the ISS-5-760.
Lesson 6. Practical - 6 hours. Laying the Basic Parachute of the MKS-5-760.
Lesson 7. Practical - 6 hours. Training laying of the Basic Parachute of the ISS-5-760.
Lesson 8. Practical - 6 hours. Laying a multi-polar parachute system of the ISS-5-760 according to regulations with an installation on a parachute frame. Preparation of the workplace, installation of the UPS-8, the block of the stabilizing parachute, the five blocks of the main parachutes, the installation of the ISS-5-760 on the parachute frame, the design of the documentation. Control inspection of the ISS mounted on a parachute frame.
Lesson 9. Practical - 3 hours. Laying a block of an additional exhaust parachute of the ISS-5-128R.
Lesson 10. Practical - 3 hours. Training laying of the block and an additional exhaust parachute of the ISS-5-128R.
Lesson 11. Practical - 6 hours. Laying the block of the main parachute of the ISS-5-I28R.
Lesson 12. Practical - 6 hours. Training laying of the Basic Parachute of the ISS-5-128R.
Lesson 13. Practical - 6 hours. Laying a multi-polar parachute system of the ISS-5-128R according to regulations with the installation of Pa parachute frame.
Lesson 14. Practical - 1 hour. Laying the block of an additional exhaust parachute of the ISS-350-9.
Lesson 15. Practical - 1 hour. Training laying of an additional exhaust parachute of the ISS-350-9.
Lesson 16. Practical - 4 hours. Laying the Basic Parachute of the ISS-350-9.
Lesson 17. Practical - 4 hours. Training laying of the Basic Parachute of the ISS-350-9.
Lesson 18. Practical - 6 hours. Laying a multi-polar parachute system of the ISS-350-9 according to regulations with an installation on a parachute frame.
Lesson 19. Offset - 6 hours. On laying multi-polar parachute systems.
Reduce overload on chairs to TTT requirements (no more than 25 d) managed only to install the punches in the seating nodes.
BMD-1 leading on ZP170 landing agents.
Liberation of BMD-1 from targeting after a leading.
Landing the BMD-1 on the means of landing ZP170 in the mountains.
At this time, the military tests of the new Parachute system of the ISS-350-9 based on a unified block with a parachute with an area of \u200b\u200b350 m² were held. And the TSP170 facilities were also proposed in the embodiment with the ISS-5-128R system and with the new ISS-350-9 -9 -9 -9-in-in system with an exhaust parachute UPS-8 system.
If the multiplicity of the central beam is 20 or more times, the parachute system is up to 5 times at the ISS-5-128-R and up to 8 times at the ISS-350-9, then only once can be used to ski (folding) panels. However, it was not a significant disadvantage, since the combat use of targeting means is generally disposable.
The development of the SP170 lasted five years - from 1976 to 1981 the topic was protected by five copyright certificates. To understand how the scale of the work was carried out then when creating new landing systems, it was enough to mention that during the development of the SP170, 50 copp tests were carried out (of which 15 physiological, with tests, and three experiments on the aqueous surface), 103 flight experiments with discharging from three types of aircraft and in various climatic conditions (one physiological, with two crew members, and three on the aqueous surface).
Act of specifics of March 2, 1982, the product of the SP170 was recommended for launching mass production and adoption for the supply of Air Force and Airborne Forces. On June 30, 1982, the Universal Plant presented to the Customer the serial documentation of the Frameless Tools for Tentizing the BMD-1 Machine with the crew.
Tactical and technical characteristics of free parachute facilities in comparison with the regimening system on a parachute platform
| Forms | On a landing platform | |||
| Means of landing | SP170 | PBS-915 "Shelf-1" | 2p170 (with P-7 platform and lining depreciation) | |
| Parachute system | ISS-5-128p | ISS-350-9 | ISS-350-9 | ISS-5-128p |
| Flight mass of means of landing PC170 BMD-1 machine with two crew members, kg | 8385 | 8345 | 8568 | 9200 + -100 (for An-12) 9100 + -100 (for IL-76 and An-22) |
| Mass of payload, kg | 7200 ± 70. | 7200 ± 70. | 7200 ± 70. | 7200 ± 70. |
| Mass of landing facilities, kg | 1085 | 1045 | 1177 | 2000 (for An-12) 1900 (for IL-76 and An-22) |
| Mass of landing facilities in% of payload | 14,86 | 14,31 | 16,35 | 28-26 |
| Flight rate when discharged, in the device, km / h: - from the An-12 aircraft | 350-400 | 350-400 | 350-400 | 350-370 |
| - from the An-22 aircraft | 350-400 | 350-400 | 350-400 | 350-370 |
| - from the IL-76 aircraft | 260-400 | 260-400 | 260-400 | 350-370 |
| Height of landing over the landing platform, m | 500-1500 | 300-1500 | 300-1500 | 500-1500 |
| Height of landing site above sea level, m | 2500 | 2500 | 2500 | 2500 |
| Permissible wind speed at the surface of the Earth, m / s | 1-15 | 1-15 | Up to 15 | To 10 |
| Maximum Number of BMD-1 Machines Placed in Cargo Cabin: | ||||
| - An-12 aircraft | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| - An-22 aircraft | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| - aircraft IL-76 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| The surface on which can land | Sushi and water surface | Sushi and water surface | Sushi and water surface | Land |
Meanwhile, there was already a test of another variant of the free parachute facilities of the BMD-1 landing agent, created under the direction of P.M. Nikolaev in the Feodosi branch automatic devices and received the "Shelf" cipher. It used newly developed NII AU Parachute systems of the ISS-350-9 and ISS-760F and the depreciation system for the development of the Feodosian branch. The Parachute system of the ISS-350-9 "lowered" the minimum height of landing to 300 m, which contributed to the accuracy of landing. Means of landing ZP170 and "Shelf" were offered in options using this system, although the state testing of the ISS-350-9 passed only in 1985. Shelf was also calculated to land the crew inside the car on Kazbek-D chairs. The composition of the shelf tanning tools included a parachute area with a parachute system, a cable system, a december locks, an ATS-2 signaling device, a guide orientation system, an amortization system mounted under the bottom of BMD, special equipment. Row technical solutions And the finished nodes of the shelf system was borrowed from previously developed products of the "Universal" plant.
In January 1979 V.F. Marghelova as the commander of the Airborne Forces was replaced by Colonel-General D.S. Sukhorukov. The new commander decided to carry out comparative tests of SP170 and Shelf systems. SP 170 showed not only reliable operation, but also a smaller time required for mounting and loading into a plane. After landing, the BMD-1 with SP170 was quickly represented. The system of "shelf" is simply "not lucky": the cables of the decontamination fell into the caterpillars of the machine, which significantly delayed the bringing to combat readiness. Nevertheless, the Commission was clearly inclined in favor of the shelf system. Apparently, the subjective opinion and sympathies of the new leadership played his role. But you need to recognize that the means of landing "Shelf" with self-filled aircraft gave overload when landing in the range of 15 d, i.e., ensured the safety of landing with a significant reserve with respect to TTT, specified by the Air Force in 1976. Yes, and the work of the Hydropic system in the shelf "It turned out to be more efficient. Shelf also passed tests to water towing.
One way or another, but the means of landing "Shelf" entered the supply of Air Force and airborne under the designation of PBS-915.
Serial production of PBS-915 "Shelf" ("Shelf-1") was transferred to the Kumertau Aviation production Association, and in the 1990s. - in Taganrog (OJSC Taganrog Aviation). Finally, in 2008, the production of PBS-915 was transferred to Moscow to the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Universal" CPC.
As for the SP170 system, its main structural elements, as already mentioned, were used by the "wagon" specialists when creating targeting facilities for the BMD-3 combat vehicle on the topic "Bakhch-SD" (in the series, the designation of PBS-950). This, in particular, reference skiing with depreciation (only with the replacement of foam depreciation of air, forced filling) and the design of the central node. Also, when developing tighting facilities for BMD-3 and SPTP "SPTRUT-SD", a circuit of the ZKP lock with a duplicate system for switching on and switching the PRP to the crossing of an UPO link from the cargo to a parachute system similar to that was used in the SP170.
Parachute "Universal"
Forming systems
Semen Fedoseev
Continued. Beginning See in "Tiv" No. 8,10,11 / 2010, No. 2-4 / 2011
The editors are grateful for the help of the preparation of the material by the Deputy Director of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Universal" ICRC V.V. I live, as well as employees of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Universal" ACPK A.S. Tsyganov and I.I. Burtarov.
Photos from the archives of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Universal MCRK".
In the early 1980s The free parachute system of the PBS-915 "Shelf", developed by the Feodosia branch of the Moscow Research Institute of Automatic Devices (now the Federal State Unitary Enterprise of the Moscow Research Institute of Automatic Devices (now FSUE "NII Parachute Building") and designed to land the BMD-1P and BMD-1PCs from the IL-76 aircraft intended and An-22. This system is well known in the troops.
It is less known that the creation of free parachute systems began with specialists of the Moscow aggregate plant "Universal", where by the beginning of the 1980s. There appeared its own complex. A number of solutions found in the process of this work was later used in the design of targeting facilities for the BMD-3 target combat vehicle (the topic "Bakhch-SD").
Studies of free parachute facilities in the factory "Universal" began in parallel with the works on parachute platforms and parachute reactive systems.
So, in the early 1970s. "Universal" presented the preliminary calculation data of the three options for cargoes weighing up to 16 tons (they could relate to self-propelled Gaubita 2c1 "carnation", combat machines The infantry of BMP-2, "BMP80s") is a parachute-reactive, multi-polar parachute with a landing platform and a free conformal.
Interestingly, the question of landing the combat vehicles with the crew (calculation) was originally raised at the proposal stage. In particular, in the table specified in the table (in a five-foot version), the self-propelled Gaubitsa 2C1 "carnation" was proposed with three members of the calculation inside the machine.
Project towing self-propelled Maubitis 2C1 with crew inside the machine. Pay attention to the shock absorption panels with foam aggregate.
| № | Name characteristics * | Specifications value | ||
| Forming means of landing with PRS type P172 | Forms from the ISS type PS-9404-63R | Universal type 4P134 platform with ISS type PS-9404-63R | ||
| 1 | Weight of military equipment, kg | 16000 | 16000 | 16000 |
| 2 | The weight of landing facilities (s.), Which is from weight of military equipment% | 2600 kg | 3100 kg | 4200 kg |
| 16,3 | 19,4 | 26,2 | ||
| 3 | Flight weight, kg | 18600 | 19100 | 20200 |
| 4 | Parachute System Square, M2 | 2240 | 7000 | 7000 |
| 5 | Landing speed, m / s | 5 | 8 | 8 |
| 6 | Transportation prepared for the landing of military equipment with S.D. | By its own way | By its own way | With the help of tractor |
| 7 | Basic requirements for military equipment | The presence of technician specials for fastening S.D. | - | |
| 8 | The cost of landing facilities, rub. | - 58000 | - 86000 | - 98000 |
* The table is compiled by: "The state and prospects for the development of military transport aircraft and means of landing of military equipment and military goods Aircraft troops. " Moscow aggregate plant "Universal".
The advantages of the preferential systems compared to the incomplete platforms already used at that time were obvious. A significantly smaller mass of the system and its share in the total mass of the monogrose allowed the landing of more combat machines as part of one pavement. Preparing for landing and preparation of the machine to move after landing is accelerated. These advantages by the time the PRC-915 parachute reactive system has already demonstrated, developed for the landing of the BMD-1 and adopted for supplying in 1970. However, parachute-reactive systems were characterized by slightly smaller reliability than multicoral parachute. This led to the creation of a parachute free system to solve the same tasks.
On January 9, 1976, the management of orders and deliveries of aircraft equipment and armament of the Air Force issued tactical and technical requirements for free facilities of the BMD-1 landing facilities (that is, it was about the object weighing up to 8 tons). Requirements provided for the landing of two crew members inside the combat vehicle.
The task of joint landing of technology and combat calculations has already been determined by the commander of the Airborne Forces by the Army General V.F. Margelov. Its implementation was one of the conditions for a significant increase in the combat readiness of the Airborne Forces, it was considered and as an important component their psychological training. Recall that the first targeting of the crew inside the BMD-1 at the Centaur complex with the landing platform was held over three years earlier, and the landing on the RetotalAvr complex with a parachute reactive system was also prepared.
On March 3, 1976, the decision was approved on the development of free facilities for landing the Moscow aggregate plant "Universal".
BMD-1 with the means of landing ZP170, prepared for loading into the aircraft.
The main elements of the means of landing PC170:
1 - ski with a folding panel; 2 - Central beam.
Means of landing ZP170
The work received the factory cipher SP170. The system was intended for a parachute landing of the BMD-1 machine from An-12, IL-76 and An-22 aircraft on a land and an aqueous surface. OCD on the topic of ZP 170 was conducted under the leadership of the Deputy Chief Designer of the Universal Plant P.R. Shevchuk and Chief of the 9th Department of the G.V. Plant Petskus, the works participated by Brigades Yu.N. Barinova and Yu.N. Korovocha.
ZP170 landing facilities prepared for testing in the spring of 1978. They included:
Multi-polar parachute;
The central beam with the ZKP lock with a cut-out check, which ensures the fastening of the BMD-1 machine to the roller equipment of the load cabin of the IL-76 aircraft and the AN-22 and the introduction of the parachute system after exiting the aircraft;
Skis with folding (folding) panels;
Accelerated screeching system;
Two chairs "Kazbek-D" with nodes for fastening them in BMD-1 and skinding systems.
As a parachute system used serial ISS-5-128R with five domes of 760 m? everyone.
The accelerated scattering system served to quickly disconnect the means of landing (skis and the suspended system) from the machine after its landing. The disconnection was carried out with the help of pyrotechnic locks.
Skis were intended for the movement of the BMD-1 machine along the roller equipment of the aircraft of the IL-76 aircraft or An-22 or by the transportation of TG-12M An-12 aircraft. Skiing with folding panels served and shock absorbing device to reduce the effects of overloads on the crew members when landing. The predetermined vertical overloads on the body of the machine and on the chairs were up to 20 g with a landing and up to 10 g during the transmission.
If in a parachute-reactive system, the operation of the brake motor installation made it possible to reduce the reduction rate before landing almost to zero and thereby significantly reduce the impact overload, then when using a multi-polar parachute system, the landing rate was up to 8 m / s - new solutions were required. The depreciation height was to be much larger than the one that shielding panels of the ski system of the PRS-915 system (PrSSM-915) were provided. At the same time, the BMD-1 had to maintain the possibility of moving his move at the maximum clearance when loaded into the aircraft with skiing, fortified under the bottom. This forced skiing in the form of a folding structure of two parts (reference skiing and folding panel), hinged-connected along the length. When preparing for landing, the reference ski was rigidly mounted under the bottom of the BMD-1, and the folding (more precisely, the folding) panel during the plane was mounted to the bottom of the machine. During the direction after exiting the aircraft, the parachute system of the decorated the folding panel, the one turned around the rib and pressed from the bottom to the reference ski, increasing the height (working stroke) of the depreciation. The aggregate, as in skiing PrSM-915, served a foam.
To increase the reliability of the triggering of the ZKP lock, the duplication of the system of its inclusion was introduced: two cables for the inclusion of the STS, which opened independently of each other stretched to the castle on the pipes along the bottom of the car.
Chairs "Kazbek-D" were mounted in the building of the combat vehicle behind the combat department (under the lid of the landing hatch) and were located with a tilt of the back of 52 ° from the vertical: according to the research of the Research Institute of Aviation and Space Medicine, such a tilt was optimal for the human body. Fastening the seats provided their rapid removal of the crew after the landing.
SP170 was calculated on the storage of all elements in the park along with the fighting machine. To the place of loading in the BMD-1 aircraft was moved by its move with targeting facilities laid on the housing.
BMD-1 with means of landing zp170 in a marking position. So the car could move on any roads and overcome water obstacles.
Experience at accelerated scattering BMD-1. Disconnecting the central beam.
Pyrotechnic means for disconnecting skis installed on BMD-1.
Testing and refinement
From April 4 to August 3, 1978, preliminary flight tests of the PC170 funds were held on the basis of the Ministry of State Unitary Enterprise of the Air Force with BMD-1 layouts and with real battle machines, with parachute systems of the ISS-5-128R discounts from the An-12b aircraft from the height 500-800 m.
In the first drops of layouts, excessive rigidity of shock absorbing ski with foam filler was revealed. To reduce stiffness, first in the folding panels were made by 27 holes with a diameter of 100 mm, then 12 of the same holes were performed in basic reference skiing. The attempt to eliminate the sling of the parachute system in these experiments was not justified: in three drops with the extension cords, the dome was rushed, and in one case all five domes were collected. However (with the exception of cases of cliff and unscrewed domes), the target rate did not exceed 8 m / s, and the measurement accelerations were mainly in the conveyors of the task. Note that when landing the BMD-1, they were loaded with depreciation universal seats 5P 170 with mannequins as ballasts. In conclusion, signed by P.R. Shevchuk, indicated: "Continue testing the means of landing the BMD-1 (ZP170) with IL-76 and An-22 aircraft."
In parallel, in June-August 1978, cooked tests of the SP170 system were held, during which they spent 28 drops on the concrete site at a landing rate of up to 8 m / s and with a roll to 10 ", and eight drops - with tests inside the car. The results were recognized as positive .
Successfully successfully passed in 1978. Ground and cooked tests for separating the central beam and ski. However, according to their results, it was still necessary to finalize pyrotechnic locks (based on Pyropathron DP4-3), ski fasteners.
The process of landing the BMD-1 on the Tools of the SP170 includes five main steps. At the first stage, an exhaust parachute was introduced, which removed the car from the aircraft cargo cabin. At the second stage, the exhaust parachute was separated, and an additional exhaust dome was introduced. The third stage included the output of the main gas domes from parachute chambers and a decrease in the machine on a fractal system for 4 s. The fourth stage is the filling and filling of the main domes, after which the car decreased already on the filled major domes. At this stage, the central beam was disconnected. The beam suspended on the cables under the bottom of the car played the role of Guydropa. Laying on the ground, she became a kind of anchor, orienting the car before landing in the wind and thereby reducing the likelihood of its tipping under the influence of the side wind. The last (fifth) stage included the landing of the machine and disconnecting the means of landing.
BMD-1 after landing and scattering.
BMD-1 After shooting rates of landing zp 170.
The crew of the BMD-1 as part of Major-engineer Yu.A. Brazhnikova and Sergeant V.B. Cobchenko after successful landing in December 1978
"Centaur" without platform
Factory flight tests continued on the basis of the State Institute of Air Force. Finally, on December 22, 1978, BMD-1 was torn at the "Medvezhye Lakes" playground with two crew members on the SP170 system - the first landing of the combat vehicle with the crew on the free parachute system. The commander of the car was Major Engineer Yu.A. Brazhnikov, a mechanic-driver - Sergeant of urgent service VB Cobchenko, and the sergeant conscientious already had the experience of towing inside the BMD-1 on the P-7 platform.
By that time, we successfully spent ten cooled discharges of the SP 170 system with tests from the Airborne Forces and from the Research Institute of Aviation and Space Medicine and 40 drops from aircraft with mannequins (including preliminary technical landing selected for the BMD-1 experiment, spent three days before landing with the crew ). ZP170 landing tools have been complemented by a communication and alarm system that ensured the filming of the crew members of the light signals "went" and "landing", as well as the connection of the crew with the release. The experiment received the designation of "Centaur-B" ("Centaur" was called the system 2P170 of the landing of the BMD-1 with the crew on the P-7 parachute platform).
The training of the experiment was actively involved in the chairman of the NTC Airborne Forces L.Z. Kneeko, his deputy VK Parisian, officers V.I. Sortannikov and A.V. Margelov. On the eve of the landing of the BMD-1 with the SP170, the crew was a training session in chairs, working with communication tools, operation after landing. Complete installation of landing towards BMD-1 spent on the territory of the plant in the boxing of the test department. When preparing for the experiment, I had to introduce "extra" node. The fact is that when checking the accelerated riming system, it was found that when turned on again installed system The alarms appears a voltage on the sickness of locks, and the premature triggering of the castles of the scatter meant the crew death. Time is pressed, and G.V. Petcut decided to simply temporarily cut the harness of electrical wires running from the console to the pyropatron, and insert the plug connector that the crew should have been connected after the landing. In the future, the error in the electrochmem was eliminated, the plug was not needed, but in the report of the commander of the crew Yu.A. Brazhnikova remained a record of the inconvenience of using the plug connector.
The dropping was carried out from the IL-76 aircraft (departure-from the Chkalovsky airfield) from the height of 700 m at the flight speed of 350 km / h. The decline time was 100 s. Despite winter time, the landing occurred not on the snow: BMD-1 landed on taketon strip Without snow cover. The crew immediately began to scatter the car and bring it into combat readiness, made a planned maneuver and after 4 minutes it reported to fulfill the task of the Commander of the Airborne Forces V.F. Margelov and Chief Designer- Responsible Head of the Universal Plant A.I. Privalov.
The communication system in the process of the experiment ensured a reliable connection of the crew of the machine with an airplane, and after the output of the machine from it, with a terrestrial radio station. Overloads were determined using Viber measuring equipment WBB-6 with an oscilloscope recording. The landing rate was 6.7 m / s, overload - within the normal range. Medical examination of crew members recorded only deviations associated with the "degree of general emotional arousal". But besides the testimony of the instruments, it is important and subjective perception of tests. From the review Sergeant V.B. Cobchenko: "... The triggering of the parachute system felt like a light jerk. At the time of the landing, I felt a short push evenly throughout the back, tougher than when landing on the P-7 platform. There was no shock head. " Major Yu.A. Brazhnikova: "... At the time of the landing, I felt a sharp short-term painless blow. Repeat and lateral movements did not feel. After a second, after the landing there was no unpleasant sensation. " Also, Yu.A. Bringerhov (subsequently Colonel, Head of the NTK of the Airborne Forces) issued recommendations for the warming up BMD-1 still on the aircraft to guarantee a quick engine start after landing.
In the express report, signed by representatives of the Airborne Convision and the Air Force, the Ministry of Aviation Industry, the State Institute of the Air Force, NIIAIAM, etc., and the approved commander of the Airborne Forces V.F. Margelov 1Byanwar in 1979, said: "... The physiological experiment confirmed the possibility of a free parachute landing of BMD-1 with two crew members on the TSP170. After landing, paratroopers retained full combat readiness and excellent health. " And the conclusion: "Frameless means of landing UP170 Tactical and technical requirements of the Air Force of January 9, 1976 comply with the factory tests withstand and are recommended for transmissions and on government tests."
BMD-1 with mounted means for landing ZP170.
New trials, new improvements
Government tests began on February 21, 1979 and lasted until June 29. They included both single and serial landing. At the same time, the command of the Airborne Forces involved the landing sites in Pskov and Fergana. Five flights were conducted and eleven drops from the IL-76 aircraft, two flights with two drops from An-12, three flights and ten drops from the An-22. The result was a list of shortcomings requiring eliminating to run into mass production. The main points of the inconsistency of the SP170 system specified by TTT were the excess of overloads on the body of the combat vehicle and on the Kazbek-D chairs and the high values \u200b\u200bof the target currents in the circuits of accelerated scattering from the effects of electromagnetic fields (both internal, from the operation of the aircraft equipment and external). Both did not provide the required level of safety when landing the BMD-1 with the crew. In fact, the overload recorded on the Kazbek-D chairs in the direction of "chest-spin" was achieved during these tests 35.2 g and exceeded the permissible in 37% cases, the overload on the machine body exceeded the permissible in 33% of cases .
Taking into account the emergence of such overloads of discarding from the aircraft of machines with the crew inside during the Gospings, the funds of the RC170 were not performed. In accordance with the state test, it was true that in general SP170 corresponds to the TTT of January 9, 1976, and the IL-76 plane contains the landing of three BMD-1 on the means of landing ZP170 (flight weight up to 8300 kg each), An-12 - one, An-22 - four cars. Reliability indicator was estimated at 0.954. "To ask the Minister of Aviation Industry of the USSR," said the act, - to oblige managers of enterprises (Plant "Universal" and Research Institute of AU. - Approx. Aut.) Eliminate the shortcomings set forth in the list No. 1 before launching into mass production and in the list No. 2 On time, agreed between the Air Force and MAP. The act specifically noted that "the improvement of the instructions of the flight operation of the IL-76 aircraft, the An-12 and An-22 are not required": when resetting the TSP170, the relevant sections of the instructions for landing the P-7 platforms should be guided by the corresponding sections, and during loading in the aircraft - sections Instructions for landing machines on PrSM-915. That is, continuity remained in the order of managing towing means and was not required to specifically move the crews of military transport aircraft. There was continuity and in terms of production: the coefficient of standardization and unification with the already manufactured systems amounted to 67.4%; It was also proposed to even replace the central node on the central beam from ZP 170 already produced by the PRSM-915 system as "more convenient in operation."
During the revision of the SP170, with the aim of reducing overloads, the option of reducing the vertical rate of reducing the object was tested. For this, it was still resorted to the elongation of the sling of the main parachute with the simultaneous amplification of the parachute system. The refinement was carried out by the factory "Universal" together with the Research Institute of Automatic Devices. An experimental reinforced parachute system of PS-13756-74 with extension cords of PS-15150-78 was used. The flight mass of BMD-1 with targeting agents increased to 8400-8600 kg. From January 17 to March 19, 1980, the factory tests of the final funds of the SP170 were held, and four drops were held from IL-76 and An-12 aircraft, and one of them - to the highlands (height above sea level - 1900 m) from height 800 m above the landing pad.
From June 2 to July 25, control tests were held in Belgrade and Kirovabad, during which seven single landing from the An-12 aircraft and one were from IL-76. In the act of testing, it was stated that the means of landing ZP 170 with refinement "provide overloads specified by the Tactical and Technical Requirements of the Air Force of 09.01.76." In fact, the overload in the direction of "chest-spin", for example, amounted to no more than 22 g at a given 25 d. "Recommend a reinforced parachute system with extension cords in a set of farawhny facility towing (CPP170 cipher) when you start them into serial production," - Passed the act of tests. At the same time, new comments were expressed. In particular, the "Universal" plant was offered to "continue work on the work schedule ... by mechanical way," there was a version of the scattering at the expense of the effort from the movement of the caterpillars of the car.
At the same time, the Universal plant was proposed another way to reduce overload when landing, which does not require replacing the parachute system and reduce the vertical reduction rate (which, we recall, affects the accuracy of landing). To do this, we decided to replace the foam aggregate with an increased energy intensity material. Selected cellular blocks of aluminum foils used in the aircraft industry. The mass of the means of landing zp 170 with the MKS-5-128R serial parachute system has practically not changed.
From July 7 to August 28, 1980, they conducted appropriate copp tests, and on August 14 and September 8 - two flight tests with a discharge from the IL-76 aircraft to the "Medvezhye Lakes" platform. Overloads on the chairs did not exceed 18.6 d, and on the body of the machine - 19.8 d, i.e., TTT fully corresponded. Tests showed the performance of the SP 170 system with depreciation panels from aluminum sathlocks. In the conclusions on preliminary control tests, it was noted: "In view of the small number of flight experiments and the insufficient number of coarse experiments, ... it is necessary optimal option Designs of folding panels Select in the process of further land workAfter that, make a decision on transmission to special flight tests. " It is worth noting that only folding panels of depreciation ski produced from aluminum sathlocks, while retaining their size and configuration, and the main ski panels were left with a foam filler, which, apparently, did not allow to completely identify the use of new material. In addition, the magnitude of the working stroke of the shock absorber remained insufficient. Further work on the use of new aggregate in the depreciation skiing. In addition, aluminum semoblocks with the advantageous characteristics of the power absorption of the impact were still relatively expensive.
Reduce overload on chairs to TTT requirements (no more than 25 d) managed only to install the punches in the seating nodes.
BMD-1 leading on ZP170 landing agents.
Liberation of BMD-1 from targeting after a leading.
Landing the BMD-1 on the means of landing ZP170 in the mountains.
At this time, a new parachute system of the ISS-350-9 was held on the basis of a unified block with a parachute of 350 m? And the TSP170 facilities were also proposed in the embodiment with the ISS-5-128R system and with the new ISS-350-9 -9 -9 -9-in-in system with an exhaust parachute UPS-8 system.
If the multiplicity of the central beam is 20 or more times, the parachute system is up to 5 times at the ISS-5-128-R and up to 8 times at the ISS-350-9, then only once can be used to ski (folding) panels. However, it was not a significant disadvantage, since the combat use of targeting means is generally disposable.
The development of the SP170 lasted five years - from 1976 to 1981 the topic was protected by five copyright certificates. To understand how the scale of the work was carried out then when creating new landing systems, it was enough to mention that during the development of the SP170, 50 copp tests were carried out (of which 15 physiological, with tests, and three experiments on the aqueous surface), 103 flight experiments with discharging from three types of aircraft and in various climatic conditions (one physiological, with two crew members, and three on the aqueous surface).
The act of specifics of March 2, 1982, the product ZP170 was recommended for running into mass production and adoption for the supply of Air Force and Airborne Forces. On June 30, 1982, the Universal Plant presented to the Customer the serial documentation of the Frameless Tools for Tentizing the BMD-1 Machine with the crew.
Tactical and technical characteristics of free parachute facilities in comparison with the regimening system on a parachute platform
| Forms | On a landing platform | |||
| Means of landing | SP170 | PBS-915 "Shelf-1" | 2p170 (with P-7 platform and lining depreciation) | |
| Parachute system | ISS-5-128p | ISS-350-9 | ISS-350-9 | ISS-5-128p |
| Flight mass of means of landing PC170 BMD-1 machine with two crew members, kg | 8385 | 8345 | 8568 | 9200 + -100 (for An-12) 9100 + -100 (for IL-76 and An-22) |
| Mass of payload, kg | 7200 ± 70. | 7200 ± 70. | 7200 ± 70. | 7200 ± 70. |
| Mass of landing facilities, kg | 1085 | 1045 | 1177 | 2000 (for An-12) 1900 (for IL-76 and An-22) |
| Mass of landing facilities in% of payload | 14,86 | 14,31 | 16,35 | 28-26 |
| Flight rate when discharged, in the device, km / h: - from the An-12 aircraft | 350-400 | 350-400 | 350-400 | 350-370 |
| - from the An-22 aircraft | 350-400 | 350-400 | 350-400 | 350-370 |
| - from the IL-76 aircraft | 260-400 | 260-400 | 260-400 | 350-370 |
| Height of landing over the landing platform, m | 500-1500 | 300-1500 | 300-1500 | 500-1500 |
| Height of landing site above sea level, m | 2500 | 2500 | 2500 | 2500 |
| Permissible wind speed at the surface of the Earth, m / s | 1-15 | 1-15 | Up to 15 | To 10 |
| Maximum Number of BMD-1 Machines Placed in Cargo Cabin: | ||||
| - An-12 aircraft | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| - An-22 aircraft | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| - aircraft IL-76 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| The surface on which can land | Sushi and water surface | Sushi and water surface | Sushi and water surface | Land |
Meanwhile, there was already a test of another variant of the free parachute facilities of the BMD-1 landing agent, created under the direction of P.M. Nikolaev in the Feodosi branch of the Research Institute of Automatic Devices and received the "Shelf" cipher. It used newly developed NII AU Parachute systems of the ISS-350-9 and ISS-760F and the depreciation system for the development of the Feodosian branch. The Parachute system of the ISS-350-9 "lowered" the minimum height of landing to 300 m, which contributed to the accuracy of landing. Means of landing ZP170 and "Shelf" were offered in options using this system, although the state testing of the ISS-350-9 passed only in 1985. Shelf was also calculated to land the crew inside the car on Kazbek-D chairs. The composition of the shelf tanning tools included a parachute area with a parachute system, a cable system, a december locks, an ATS-2 signaling device, a guide orientation system, an amortization system mounted under the bottom of BMD, special equipment. A number of technical solutions and ready-made knots of the shelf system were borrowed from previously developed products of the Universal Plant.
In January 1979 V.F. Marghelova as the commander of the Airborne Forces was replaced by Colonel-General D.S. Sukhorukov. The new commander decided to carry out comparative tests of SP170 and Shelf systems. SP 170 showed not only reliable operation, but also a smaller time required for mounting and loading into a plane. After landing, the BMD-1 with SP170 was quickly represented. The system of "shelf" is simply "not lucky": the cables of the decontamination fell into the caterpillars of the machine, which significantly delayed the bringing to combat readiness. Nevertheless, the Commission was clearly inclined in favor of the shelf system. Apparently, the subjective opinion and sympathies of the new leadership played his role. But you need to recognize that the means of landing "Shelf" with self-filled aircraft gave overload when landing in the range of 15 d, i.e., ensured the safety of landing with a significant reserve with respect to TTT, specified by the Air Force in 1976. Yes, and the work of the Hydropic system in the shelf "It turned out to be more efficient. Shelf also passed tests to water towing.
One way or another, but the means of landing "Shelf" entered the supply of Air Force and airborne under the designation of PBS-915.
Serial production of PBS-915 "Shelf" ("Shelf-1") was transferred to the Kumertau Aviation Production Association, and in the 1990s. - in Taganrog (OJSC Taganrog Aviation). Finally, in 2008, the production of PBS-915 was transferred to Moscow to the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Universal" CPC.
As for the SP170 system, its main structural elements, as already mentioned, were used by the "wagon" specialists when creating targeting facilities for the BMD-3 combat vehicle on the topic "Bakhch-SD" (in the series, the designation of PBS-950). This, in particular, reference skiing with depreciation (only with the replacement of foam depreciation of air, forced filling) and the design of the central node. Also, when developing tighting facilities for BMD-3 and SPTP "SPTRUT-SD", a circuit of the ZKP lock with a duplicate system for switching on and switching the PRP to the crossing of an UPO link from the cargo to a parachute system similar to that was used in the SP170.
From the book Technique and Armament 2011 09 AuthorParachute landing equipment "Wagon Sewage" Semyon Fedoseevisused photos from the archives of FGUMKPK "Universal" and OJSC "Aviation Complex them. S.V. Ilyushin ».Reatevery. At first, see" Tiv "No. 8,10,11 / 2010, №2-4,6,8 / 2011. The photos from the archives of the FGUMKPK" Universal "and
From the book Technique and Armament 2011 12 Author Magazine "Technique and Armament"Parachute landing equipment "Universal" Semyon Fedoseyevisused photos from the archives of the FSUE "Universal MCRC" *. The editors are grateful for the help of the preparation of the material by the Deputy Director of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Universal" V. V. Gilly
From the book Technique and Armament 2012 02 Author Magazine "Technique and Armament"Parachute landing equipment "UNIVERSAL" Semyon Fedoseevis used photos from the archives of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Universal". Creativity expresses gratitude for the help in preparing the material by the Deputy Director of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Universal" by V. V. MKPK, as well as FSWC staff
From the book Technique and Armament 2012 03 Author Magazine "Technique and Armament"Parachute landing equipment "UNIVERSAL" Semyon Fedoseyevisused photos from the archives of the FSUE "Universal".
From the book Otto Szorni - Diversian number 1. Take off and fall of Hitler's special forces author Mader JuliusThe 500th / 600 Parachute-landing battalion of the SS troops until inclusion in the fighter connection of the SS 500 troops (then the 600th) paratrooper battalion was used as an independent combat unit for special operations. First an attempt
From the book Soviet airborne: Military Historical Essay Author Margelov Vasily Filippovich2nd Guards Airborne Division Ivalin Mikhail Ivanovichkurovkurov Maxim Ilyicherasimov Vadim Antonovichkimyak Georgy Danilovichkitsa Aleksey Sergeyevichkuev Vladimir Fedorovichdin Mikhail
From book combat training special forces Author Ardashev Aleksey Nikolaevich From the book Battle of Crimea 1941-1944. [From defeat to triumph] Author Runov Valentin AlexandrovichThe Kerch-Feodosian landing operation at the time when the Germans led the striking assault of Sevastopol, the defenders' strength were uncontrollably melted. The importation of reinforcements and ammunition on the sea by transport and martial ships did not have time to compensate for the decline. The threat was created that
From the book combat training of the Airborne Forces [Universal Soldier] Author Ardashev Aleksey NikolaevichKerch-Eltigen landing operation Analysis of the Kerch-Feodosian landing operation and tactical landings planted in the first period of war both in Black Sea and other nautical theaters, allowed to revise the pre-war theory, prepare and publish
From the book with the English fleet in world War Author Schulz Gustz KonstantinovichAirborne preparation from Heaven about Earth ... and in battle. (Army joke) "The jump is not an end in itself, but the means of entry into battle!" V.F. Margelov Airborne Preparation is one of the leading combat training disciplines. Airborne troops and an important component
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From the book Basic preparation of special forces [Extreme survival] Author Ardashev Aleksey NikolaevichAmounting practice. On February 6, our squadron arranged interesting prizes for marine infantry. Each ship was supposed to set 35 people in full hiking equipment (about 30 pounds, not counting the rifle). From the national team it was necessary to pass 4.5 English
From the book of the authorThe 9th parachute regiment "COL MOSCHIN" Based in the barracks of the bathrooms in Livorno 9th Parachute, the Moskin Parachute Regiment is a unique division of the Italian army. The regiment is designed to perform a wide range of operational strategic tasks, and
From the book of the authorAirborne preparation Parachute preparation is one of the mandatory elements to whom the special forces should own, be it land or sea. French special forces worries landing with the USSR parachute and was not the first country,
Parachute Forming System (PBS) "Shelf"
Parachute Devil Platform System (RBS) "Shelf"
21.04.2012
As part of the implementation of the State Defense Plan for 2012, a large batch of new airborne equipment and property will be purchased for the needs of airborne troops (airborne).
So, by the end of this year, it is planned to put in troops more than 100 sets of new parachute free systems (PBS) "Shelf", as well as multi-pop parachute systems and special equipment for updating airborne complexes.
PBS "Shelf" is intended for parachute landing of the array of the landing machine with IL-76 aircraft, An-22, An-70 at altitudes from 300 to 1500 m. The service life of the PBS in 5 standard and water applications is no more than 10 years.
Enterprises and factories, which are leaders in the market of domestic parachute buildings are brought to the production and supply of airborne equipment for re-equipment and ensuring military units.
The last time a new property for the landing equipment of the Airborne Forces (more than 20 sets of PBS "Shelf") was supplied to the troops in 2010 (management of the press service and information of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation)
18.01.2014
The command of airborne troops until the end of 2014 plans to replace the means of landing on more than 100 packet combat vehicles on new parachute free systems (PBS) "Shelf". The same amount is planned for delivery in airborne and in 2015. First of all, the re-equipment will affect Ivanovo and Ulyanovsky compounds of airborne troops.
The deputy commander of the Airborne For airborne preparation, Major General Alexey Ragozin said that "in just 2020, it is planned to put the means of landing in such volumes that will fully update the existing fleet of airborne technology."
PBS "Shelf" is intended for a parachute landing of the martial vehicle of the landing machine from the aircraft of the IL-76 and An-22 aircraft with flight weight up to 10 tons.
14.11.2014
The Holding "Aviation Equipment" of the State Corporation of Rostex by the end of 2014 will supply the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation as part of the state defense order (GOZ) of 75 sets of the PBS-925 parachute system (Schelf 2 complex) in the amount of more than 500 million rubles. A unique system can work with extremely low temperaturesthat, for example, will allow it to use it for the delivery of equipment from the air within russian project on the development of the Arctic shelf.
The Shelf 2 complex is intended for landing with severe armed military and special equipment (IVD), including a landing armored personnel carrier (BTR-D), on land and water from IL-76 aircraft. At the same time, the speed of the flight of the aircraft when dropping from a height from 300 m to 1500 m can reach 400 km / h.
Parachute-free PBS-925 system is produced by the Holding "Aviation Equipment" on the basis of the Moscow Design and Production Complex "Universal".
Parachute Form System PBS-915 "Shelf-1" 
PBS-915 "Shelf" was developed by the PS feudomussian branch in the late 1970s - early 1980s. At the same time, a similar competitive system 3P-170 was developed at the Universal CPC. Based multicoral systems The system "Shelf-1" and "Shelf-2" systems are developed with a unified block, allowing landing with the crew.
In the early 1980s A free parachute system of PBS-915 "Shelf" was received for the supply of Airborne and Air Force, developed by the Feodosi branch of the Moscow Research Institute of Automatic Devices (now FSUE "Research Institute of Parachute Building"). It used newly developed NII AU Parachute systems of the ISS-350-9 and ISS-760F and the depreciation system for the development of the Feodosian branch. The Parachute system of the ISS-350-9 "lowered" the minimum height of landing to 300 m, which contributed to the accuracy of landing.
The ISS-350-9 has 9 domes area of \u200b\u200bone dome 350 sq.m.
The composition of the shelf tanning tools included a parachute area with a parachute system, a cable system, a december locks, an ATS-2 signaling device, a guide orientation system, an amortization system mounted under the bottom of BMD, special equipment. A number of technical solutions and ready-made knots of the shelf system were borrowed from previously developed products of the Universal Plant.
The "shelves" of all modifications applies pneumatic amortization similar to the one that stands on the P-7 platform - three pairs of shock absorbers, which fold under the bottom of the car.
Purpose: Parachute free System PBS-915 "Shelf" is designed for parachute landing of BMD-1P combat vehicles, BMD-1PK with IL-76 aircraft, An-22, An-70.
Shelf was also calculated to land the crew inside the car on Kazbek-D chairs.
Means of landing "Shelf" were enrolled on the supply of Air Force and Airborne Forces under the designation of PBS-915, in the future PBS-925 ("Shelf-2").
PBS-925 (Complex Shelf 2) - Designed for a parachute landing of armored personnel carriers of the BTRD and machines at its base (type 2c9, 2c9-1, 1B-119, 932, etc.) on land and water from IL-76 aircraft (m, MD , MD-90).
Serial production of PBS-915 "Shelf" ("Shelf-1") was transferred to the Kumertau Aviation Production Association, and in the 1990s. - in Taganrog (OJSC Taganrog Aviation). Finally, in 2008, the production of PBS-915 was transferred to Moscow to the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Universal" CPC.
The insertion was also the parachute free reform system of PBS-915 (916) "Shelf-3" for BMD-2.
In 2008, the Research Institute of Parachute Buildings was included in the Rostech Concern "Aviation Equipment". The Institute issues a whole line of parachutes specifically for the Airborne Forces creates the main part parachute-landing complexes are multi-pop parachute systems fourth generation. These, in particular, include free complexes of parachute towing military equipment with the "Shelf-1" and "Shelf-2" crew, consisting of airborne airborne.
In 2012, more than 100 sets of new parachute free systems (PBS) "Shelf" were delivered to the troops, as well as multi-pool parachute systems and special equipment for updating airborne complexes. The last time a new property for the landing equipment of the Airborne Forces (more than 20 sets of PBS "Shelf") was supplied to the troops in 2010
The command of airborne troops until the end of 2014 plans to replace the means of landing on more than 100 packet combat vehicles on new parachute free systems (PBS) "Shelf". The same amount is planned for delivery in airborne and in 2015.
CHARACTERISTICS
Flight weight of BMD 8100-8500 kg
Reset height 300-1500 m
Excess landing site above sea level up to 1500 m
Flight rate for the device when dropping 260-400
Flight mass
"Shelf" 1068 kg
ISS-350-9 608 kg
VPS-8 47 kg
Gaidrop orientation system GSO-4 80 kg
Amortizing system AC-1 220 kg
Life time
"Shelf" 10 years
ISS-350-9 12 years
VPS-8 12 years
Number of applications
"Shelf" 5 or 1 on water
OX-540 7 or 1 on water
UPS-8 5
Sources: Bastion-Karpenko.narod.ru, desantura.ru/forum, colllib.net, www.rulit.net, mkpkuniversal.ru, etc.
