Many residents of northern latitudes and places with bad crossings are engaged in the development and assembly of various techniques with increased patency. Not exception to steel and all-terrain vehicles on caterpillar. There are a large number of different options for creating such equipment. But the most problematic issue for designers of all-terraines is the manufacture of caterpillars.
You can, of course, use their factory-proof production, but completely collected with your own hands all-terrain vehicles, I want to have caterpillars of our own production. To date, there are several options for creating such drivers who are practically no different technical characteristics from factory
A simple option of caterpillars
The easiest option and snowmobiles are made from a conventional roller-sleeve chain and conveyor belt. At the same time, it does not require any special equipment and tools for its production. At the same time, the work can be performed almost in the middle of the residential room.
For the conveyor belt to serve for a long time, it is necessary to strip it with the edges of the fishing line with a distance between the stitches about one centimeter. This lesson is very similar to the coating of fabric to the seams. In any case, this firmware will prevent the breakdown of the tape while driving. Credit ends with each other can be any suitable way. To do this, a hinge compound, resembling a piano loop, or just sew, but it is unlikely to last long.
The thickness of the conveyor belt depends on the power power aggregate. If an engine is installed in the motorcycle from the Soviet manufacturer's motorcycle, then the tape of 0.8 - 1 cm, applied on conveyors in conveyors, was perfectly proven agriculture. To give the caterpillar of stiffness, it is necessary to attach a sleeve roller chain at its inner part. You can do this with bolts or rigid steel wire. The main thing is that the chain fits tightly in the surface of the conveyor belt.
Caterpillars made in this way differ in their long operation, though it is easy to produce. In addition, if necessary, it is possible to easily carry out repairs, even in the field.
Movers made of tires
Many owners and snowmobiles use ordinary tires from the car as caterpillars. For these purposes, tires from trucks are needed, while it is worth choosing them with the desired pattern, so as not to complicate their work in the future.
To make a tracker propulsion from a tire, you need to cut off from it, leaving only a part with the tread. This event takes a lot of strength and requires patience, since only a shoe knife with good sharpening is needed.
In order to simply simplify the manufacture, it is necessary to periodically water the knife with a soap solution, which will facilitate the process of cutting rubber. Some for these purposes use specially designed devices. Also, an electric jig can also be used, with a shallow dental fixed on it. It should also be poured soapy.
The first thing should be cut off the tire side. Next, if necessary, you need to remove several internal layers in the resulting caterpillar. This is done to give it softness. If the tread pattern does not suit, then it should be started to cut a new, which is quite a painstaking lesson.
This type of tracked primer has one indisputable advantage over the previous option. Since it is solid, without compounds, the reliability of it is much higher. From negative moments, you can mark a small width of the caterpillar, but two or three tires can be combined to increase it.
Belt caterpillars
The simplicity of manufacturing such tracked drivers is increasingly attracting owners of all-terrain vehicles to apply them on their technology. The belts with the profile in the form of a wedge are assembled into a single design with the help of soils, which are attached to the belts with a rivet method or screws.
As a result, it turns out that the caterpillars can already have holes under the asterisk. To do this, you need to lay straps with small intervals.
Making caterpillar to all-terrain
Titled by all-terrain vehicles understand the vehicle with increased permeability. These include tractors, snowmobiles, SUVs and tanks. Since it is often from the primary vehicles. Enchantable Motorcycles or Motor scooters go on it, but as a result, a vehicle is obtained, not afraid of off-road, nor dirt. Increased patency The all-terrain vessel depends on its tracked drivers who dress on the wheels.
In this embodiment, the caterpillar will have four strips of 5 centimeters width. They must be cut from the usual conveyor belt. After that, to combine the side of the side by the profile in the form of the letter P. Next, it is necessary to make balancing. Using a stamp, you need to make parts from the sheet to the floor of the wheel. After that, it is necessary to make hubs from bronze. Half-collars should be connected to six bolts. Balancars are made.
The next step will be the production of shafts for supporting drums of the caterpillars. They should perform holes for bearings. Drums can be made of duralumin billets. Connecting them between themselves it is necessary to insert a sprocket from rubber. It turns out that the caterpillar is driven from the leading asterisk with a chain transmission. It is installed on the back fork.
After that, you should collect the entire caterpillar into a single whole.
The vertical arc must be equipped with a steel sleeve through which the wheel axle passes. The mechanism fixes the design of the back plug is attached to the goal on this bushing. Crawler Balances are mounted on the rest of the ears of all pass. The propulsion is ready to use.
As can be seen, it is possible to make a caterpillar different waysThe main thing is to have patience and desire.
One of the problems of our Motherland is very bad roads. And so some enthusiasts are trying to solve this problem on their own.
Just a huge number road roads Connecting various villages and villages for their state are so bad that sometimes it happens to challenge them on a regular car.
And when the autumn-winter period comes, it is almost impossible to move on them. You can of course get out of the position and order all-terrain vehicles from abroad, but it is very expensive and therefore you have to do what is available.
Homemade tracked all-terrain vehicle
This all-terrain vehicle is a high passability, for him is not an obstacle off-road, as well as any water obstacles. The body is made in the form of a box design. The drivers are caterpillars.
Tracting ability - taking the trailer weighing about 900kg.The hood has such a form to move through the algae, squashs and moss. Exhaust gases are removed up. Homemade all-terrain vents on a tracked move equipped with a swan, located in front. The body bottom is rather sealed, plus on the sides are pneumatic rollers, which positively affect the buoyancy of the all-terrain vehicle.
Managing all-terrainy
All-terrain control is the same as on the tractor, carried out by levers. Differentials located on the sides were implemented from Vazov disc brakes.
In the cabin, in the middle of the floor there is a pneumatic bag - the tensioner of the caterpillars. The ideal option would be to use a mechanical tensioner, as it is more unpretentious in repair, but the author of this all-terrainist decided otherwise and installed a pneumatic tensioner.
Chassis
The designer was created excellent chassis. Attention should be paid on the tracks: they are cast, manufactured independently. Caterpillars outside there are soils made from metal pipes Widged to metal canvas. This has played a positive role in terms of passability and grip with soil.
Such technology is not used in foreign all-terrain vessels due to the complexity of execution and increasing financial costs. The rollers are made of wheels from the motorcycle, they are protected by the rollers with a rubber reflector. Also over the tracked propulsion, there is a "sedator" made in the form of a rubberized semi-hand.
Engine of all-terrainy drive
A vazov engine with a gearbox was used as a power unit. Reducer connection rear bridge It is carried out by means of a clutch made of rubber. The reducer is connected to onboard differential shafts.
As mentioned above, differentials are made of vazov disc brakes with conventional calipers.
The resource of the gearbox is not at all reduced due to the low speed of the all-terrain vehicle. The main advantage of this model of the all-terrain vehicle is a small weight. When the all-terrain vehicle moves along the swampy terrain or on the lake, the body is immersed at 30-40 cm.
Homemade video crawler all-terrain In action.
Instruments
When implementing this project of homemade all-terrain vehicles, such tools were used: welding machine, Bulgarian, various keys. Clamps, a machine to give this or that form of sheet metal, especially this is relevant in the manufacture of the cabin and the bottom of the all-terrain vehicle. Various bolted connections. Glass cutter for the manufacture of windshield and side winds. Drill for drilling holes.
It differs from previous ones that the base is shorter and instead of the support rollers planted hard on the axis, the Balancir method is applied here.
The author of Evgeny Timokhin from the Khabarovsk Territory, which is registered on the forum "Lunohodov. NOT" under the nickname E-Timohn called his brainchild homemade werethod "Khabarovsk-1". Earlier he already had experience in assembling pneumatics and all-terrain vehicles.
And now he decided to collect his caterpillar all-terrain vehicle according to the "Barsika" scheme.
For this, he prepared iron and spare parts. Building It began on January 19, 2013. Currently, all-terrain vehicles are already faithful to his owner.
What entered the initial layout of the device.
1. Engine VAZ-2106.
2, PPP-box of change of transmission from the same VAZ-2106 model.
2. The second gearbox from GAZ-53.
3. Bridge from VAZ-2101.
4. Balancer with the axis from the carrier header trolley (I don't know exactly)
5. Rama cooked from the profile pipe 40 * 20 * 2.5.
Evgeny began construction from the frame and the case of the all-terrain vehicle, so that the most vigorous work on making the caterpillar leave for later.
He welded the frame of the frame.
Developed and welded the caterpillar tension mechanism. The axis will be attached sloth.
The Balancir axis has welded to the frame and welded the balancers themselves. The initial balance of the balance sheets. They decided to refuse them.
He welded with different shoulders on the advice of experienced forum users.
Collected Balances and dressed the wheels.
The rear flange from the VAZ-2106 and GAZ-53 boxes.
Drilled 4 holes d 10, now you can attach to it cardan Val. from UAZ (GAZ-69).
Obawil the boat (amphibious all-terrain), sheet thickness 2mm. Trusted where the engine will stand.
Boat length at the top-278 cm.
Length of the boat at the bottom-226 cm.
Height-58 cm.
width-80 cm.
Top cover air filter It turned out to be 32 cm above the edge of the boat board.
Passed the radiator and prepared the engine to launch. Supply a large radiator and two electric fan with dimensions like UAZ.
So it is the radiator on the normal running all-terrain vehicle at the moment.
There was a question on the mounting of the cable to the lever from the throttle damper, and simply speaking, the gas cable.
Answer: "Weld the plate to valve cover (1) with holes. We screw the armor to it from the gas cable 2109 to it, on the carburetor instead of the battleship (2) you put a bolt with a wrench and on the road.
I did not have enough length of the cable to the gas pedal, put 2 pcs. "Alexander suggested from the Perm Territory.
I bought the accelerator drive cable from UAZ 220695 (UAZ 452) long two meters long.
The second took for clutch. It will be mechanical.
He was engaged in the koles for the checkpoint, the question arose and here is his decision.
Finished the body assembly.
Painted as a real combat car.
He welded leading wheels with the following dimensions:
Truck standard (profile pipe 4x2) - length 42 cm.
Star width-15 cm.
Fang height - 3.5 cm.
The distance between the base of the fang-5.5 cm.
The distance between the tops of the fang-11.5 cm.
I got the conveyor belt, the conveyor is 13 mm, 5 cords, but on one side rubber thicker.
Device For the beam of fangs.
He welded guide fangs to the trackers.
Made tracts.
Made a caterpillar.
Dold the caterpillar.
Pulled the caterpillar.
The first runoff.
Impressions are from driving on the all-terrain: "I ride. Impressions are. It goes well. Guskaanka does not slip and does not fly away. When you turn to the fangs, it is practically not imparted into rubber (rubber cargo and 3 points). On video food on the second gear and gas Full. pulls decently.
Did not like. If the gas is in the floor, then the device rises almost on the wind. When braking a star (drive wheel) pulls out to the ground. He dwells forward-back.
May try to limit the balance sheet or else, maybe someone else to offer. "
The running in the snow showed that the technique is ready for operation.
And participants, and guests of the All-Union Contest homemade all-terrain vehicles In Arkhangelsk, was surprised to find that there is a whole amateur "industry" in the manufacture of such machines on pneumatics low pressure. It is so significant that it is so significant that this can be explained only by a rare combination of factors such as the presence of an industrial base, the proximity of nature with its roadspaces and a large number of enthusiasts. It is characteristic that they are seized with pneumators and townspeople, and rural residents: for fishing trips, hunting, mushrooms and berries. It should be taken into account that for others it is the only vehicle suitable in local conditions.
In recent years, most of the Arkhangelian lovers are inclined to believe that the most rational layout is a six-wheeled, with four or all leading pneumatics. Such an all-terrain vehicle has the best permeability of both in winter and in summer, it can overcome water obstacles, does not leave after the passage of deep traces, safely when driving on thin ice.
Well, more specific characteristics of the all-terrain vehicles are selected depending on the requirements that its designer presents: whether he will ride one or with passengers; What loads will be transported (this will determine the body sizes); which area is expected to operate the car; The nature of possible obstacles (the number of leading wheels and even the range of track depends: it is desirable that it coincides with the rod trucks); Is it planned to make the all-terrain vehicle floating (this is connected with the location of the center of gravity machine); And, of course, the level of comfort: if the all-terrain route is supposed to be equipped with a warm cabin, you will have to lay the heating system in the design. You must also think about the engine start system - starter or manually; whether the battery is needed or you can do the magneto, etc.
In the manufacture of all-terrain vehicles, self-deplets are widely used nodes, aggregates and individual details passenger cars, motorsoles, scooters. Excellent results gives the use of written off aircraft - various gearboxes, bearing nodes, even wheels for wheels, which significantly reduces the mass of machines, increases their resource. Diverse and materials that use amateurs for making frames and bodies: steel rolled steel, aluminum profiles, pipes, sheets, plywood. There are no particularly preferred assembly methods: welding, riveting, bolt connections are used with the same success.
In Arkhangelsk, there were several very peculiar "schools", focusing on creating all-terrain vehicles.
The closest to the industrial pattern, according to the reviews of the Arkhangelsk self-delicacies, are the pneumatic acts of Senior Researcher, Sevnip V. Ilina, V. Bazhukova, as well as the "six-cell" Viyakina.
With the pneumatic of the city of Viyakin, who took the prize in the competition, I want to introduce readers. Gennady Alexandrovich Viyakin by profession engineer mechanic. By the nature of the work, he was connected for a long time automotive technology, manufacturing diverse transport technology Does more than ten years. The all-terrain vehicle presented to them on the competition is the third on his account, and perhaps the most perfect. So, the Arkhangelsk Regional Council VIR recommended the all-terrain vehicle of A. Viyakin for demonstration at the USSR VTNH in Moscow. The layout of the pneuma is enough and is designed for the maximum use of standard nodes. G. Viyakin turned out to be the same and good designer: his "six-cell" has an attractive appearance, its equipment maximizes the requirements of the traffic police presented to vehicles. True, such all-terrain vessels do not apply to the requirements of the traffic police presented to homemade carstherefore they do not register. However, they are allowed to exploit them by setting certain routes and time to exit such machines from the city.
The basis of all-terrain vessels of Viyakin is an open body of a box-shaped. The vertical boards - from plywood with a thickness of 7 mm, on the upper edge of the sides are attached wings forming a single plane, a small beep is made ahead. In terms of the case of a rectangular shape with a somewhat narrowed front part. The body is separated by vertical transverse partitions; Ahead of the trunk, then in the expanding part of the cab with the steering wheel and the driver's seat, behind it on the sides of the two boxes that serve as seats for passengers. The next compartment is the transmission office. By the way, the transmission is covered with a horizontal lid located on the same level with passenger seats. And the last compartment is a power, closed with a horizontal lid, somewhat raised over the seats in which the engine is mounted. On the lid there is an additional boxed casing under the engine. The lids of drawers, transmissions and the engine hood leaf out on the loop, which provides convenient access to units.
Fig. 1. Three-axle all-terrain vehicle on low pressure pneumatics. Viyakina:
1 - Front Bridge Support, 2 - Bumper, 3 - steering gear, 4 - rear wheel balancing, 5 - chain transmission to the rear wheel, 6 - fuel tank, 7 - footboard, 8 - disk wheels, 9 - wheel hub, 10 - front axle, 11 - camera, 12 - valve, 13 - Taking out the rim, 14 - the tree of the rear axle wheel.
Fig. 2. Steering device and front bridge support:
1 - Front Bridge Support, 2 - Hinge Steering Tract, 3 - Rush Steering, 4 - Body Paul, 5 - Hinger, 6 - Steering Column, 7 - Steering Tract.
Wings, partitions, covers - plywood, are connected to the body of duraluminous corners, the floor - from a duraluminum sheet, a duralumin corner is ridiculed from the bottom for the rigidity. In the front of the body under the trunk partition, a small transverse niche under the front axle is made. In the back of the body under the seats boxes and further to the engine compartment, on both sides, are longitudinal niches under the rear wheel balancers. By the way, rear wheels Most closely close to each other, the front is treated somewhat forward - the radius of the turn of the all-terrain route depends on this distance.
Over the wings in the front of the body, the windshield and two side windows are obliteled. Under the wings between the rear wheels on both sides, gas tanks are mounted, the cross section of which has the shape of a narrowing trapezium. Above all wheels in horizontal parts of the wings are made rectangular cuts, closed with a rubberized cloth: when driving on an obstacle, it makes it possible to ride above the level of the wings and keep themselves about them.
The engine and transmission units are mounted on the frame, which is a single whole with the body. It consists of four spars from steel corners 40x40 mm and coat of steel pipes square cross section. Outside on the sides there are small brackets from a 40x40 mm corner for fastening the rear wheel balancing supports. Everywhere where it is possible that the shelves of the longitudinal spars are cut to reduce the mass and the holes are inserted into them.
Fig. 3. Transmission device:
1 - chain gear, 2 - Balancir frame, 3 - pin, 4 - Balancer support, 5 - Bracket, 6 - board, 7 - Main transfer, 8 - Elastic coupling, 9 - brake drum, 10 is a gear of the chain transmission of the differential blocking, 11 - brake lever, 12 - intermediate shaft, 13 - shaft of the wheel.
Fig. 4. The case of the all-terrain vehicle:
1 - trunk, 2 - windshield, 3 - driver seat, 4 - box, 5 - place for passengers and baggage, 6 - window, tightened by rubberized cloth, 7 - engine casing, 8 - mud shields, 9 - board, 10 - Side spars of the power frame of the engine and the transmission, 11 - niche of the rear wheel balancing, 12 - a niche of the front axle.
Fig. 5. Rama under the engine and transmission:
1 - Middle spars (corner 40x40 mm), 2 - crossbars (square pipe 40x40 mm), 3 - onboard spars (corner 40x40 mm), 4 - cross-line (30x30 mm corner), 5 - Balancing support bracket (40x40 mm corner).
The engine from Motocolus SDZ is mounted in the back of the body on intermediate supports, which, in turn, through four damping rubber strips From the engine "Moskvich" are fixed on spars. The intermediate supports are also installed crossing with an intermediate asterisk connected by a vertical chain transmission with an outlet of the engine. Intermediate asterisk shaft through an intermediate roller with elastic couplings (elastic element is a plate of flat drive belt 10 mm thick) is connected to an angular conical gearbox mounted on the cross. On the output shaft of the gearbox, an asterisk is installed, connected by a chain transmission with the input shaft of the main transmission (from a motorized), fixed on two crossings. The output shafts of the main transmission through the elastic couplings (from the same drive belt) are connected to intermediate shafts with asterisks transmitting via the chain transmission to the wheels. The output shafts of the main transmission, intermediate shafts and trimps of the balances are located coaxially, as shown in Figure 3. It can be seen that the trunks are fixed in the bearings on the bearings, the intermediate shaft bearings are pressed in the pin. The inner pin of the hollow, through it the intermediate shaft passes. At the inner ends of the intermediate shafts, brake drums from the wheels of the Tulitz scooter are mounted, on which gear crowns are installed; Through chain gears, they are connected to the rollers of the differential blocking mechanism. The latter is a sliding slotted sleeve connecting the rollers. The axes of all transmission mechanisms are located almost in one plane. Tension chain gears: Transmission - with pads, gears to wheels - pressure screws. All bearing nodes are protected from mud seals from the Volga car or have protective washers.
Fig. 6. Location of the engine and transmission:
1 - Elastic coupling, 2 - medium spar, 3 - crossbar, 4 - onboard spar, 5 - partition, 6 - Differential locking, 7 - Turning on Reverse Reducer, 8 - Reverse Reducer, 9 - Corner Reducer, 10 - Partition, 11 - Intermediate shaft, 12 - crossing for fastening support sparklers of an intermediate shaft, 13 - Transmission switch, 14 - air filter, 15 - Rear board, 16 - Generator, 17 - Engine, 18 - left side, 19 - silencer, 20 - Starter, 21 - battery, 22 - chain transmission to the rear wheels, 23 - rear wheel balancing support, 24 - rear wheel balancers, 25 - brake drum, 26 - chain transmission, 27 - Differential lock assembly.
Front axle Westerns - from the steel pipe Ø 60x3 mm, reinforced in the middle part of the tailored overlay from the same pipe. According to the axis of the simmetry of the bridge perpendicular to it, the horizontal axis is welded, the ends of which are fixed in the bearing supports installed in the front of the front part of the body. To the flattened ends of the pipes welded racks with pile and swivel pin from the Volga car. Rubber buffers installed on the edges of the niche limit the swing of the bridge in the vertical plane.
Fig. 7. Kinematic scheme Westerns. Latin letters marked:
Z is the number of stars teeth, T is a step of the sleeve roller chains, B is the width of the sleeve roller chains.
SteeringJust require the rules of traffic police, factory manufacture, from motorcycle. The rack crankcase is installed under the body floor on the bracket, the steering wheel shaft is connected to the gear shaft through a cardan hinge, the second (top) of the steering shaft support is a ball bearing stripped on the bracket. Since the steering wheel is located in the plane of the body symmetry, the steering hinges on the rail are displaced in one direction and the thrust differ significantly in length, this leads to the fact that the swing of the crossing is accompanied by a noticeable leash of the nearby.
The rear wheel balancers are symmetric frames welded from two rectangular pipes 40x20 mm connected by crossbars from the same pipes. The central support of the Balancir is rotated in the trough - bushings welded to the plates fixed on the frame. Supports of wheel shafts at the ends of balancing - similar design. The balancing frame is somewhat curved, the balancing pin is located on top, and the supports of the wheels of the wheels - from the bottom, so the axes of the wheels are below the hinges of balancing 180 mm. The rigidity of balancing is small, under load, they are somewhat deformed, as well as the engine frame and transmission, however, the presence of elastic couplings and the possibility of chain transmissions compensate for this deficiency.
Wheels of all-terrain vehicles are made from the camera wide-profile tire 1120x450x380. Tubular rims, central disk and lodents for the support of the chamber are made of aluminum alloy. Lands are connected to rims with welding, with a disk - with the help of corners on rivets. Long-grades are cut, so the outer rim turned out to be taking away from the disk, it is attached to the bolts. The disc in the center of the central part is enhanced with a stuffed overlay, the hub is attached to bolts. The valves are transferred to the side surface, which allows the cameras to turn on rims. Leading and controlled wheels are interchangeable.
In the design of the all-terrain, several nodes are applied, which can be attributed to accidentally refined. One of them is an angular gearbox. You can refuse it if you place the engine in the longitudinal direction. When assembling the transmission and installation of the engine, all parts of the attachments were made and fitted at the place. At the same time, all sorts of measures were used to reduce the size and mass of standard nodes; For example, the protrusions of fastening the main transmission of Motocoles are cut, a small silencer for the engine is made.
Control systems. The all-terrain control and the alarm system completely copy the automotive. Control drives: throttle valve - Cable, clutch and brakes - hydraulic, gear shift, inclusion rear stroke - traction and handles located on board wherever the drivers and the driver; There is also mounted and the handle of the control of the differential blocking (through traction). All hydraulic cylinders - from the brakes of the front wheels of motocoles.
The power supply system is somewhat different from the accepted on a motorized: along the axis of the crankshaft and the engine fan installed on four legs automotive generator AC connected to crankshaft elastic coupling.
For heating windshield warm air Served from the cylinder of the engine through the air intake and corrugated sleeve with two automotive fans - at the inlet and outlet.
O. Ilyin, Engineer
