Power units of varying degrees of complexity, power and sizes are now present everywhere. Any technique, be it big freight car, water bike or garden cultivator, operate from the engine. Most often it is an engine operating on gasoline or diesel fuel.
All engines can be divided into 2 groups on the principle of operation: two-stroke and four-stroke. They differ not only by the work cycle, but also in cooling and protection methods. 2T engine is lubricated with oil that falls right into the unit into the combustion chamber. In 4t, on the contrary, the lubricant in the cylinder is not allowed. Hence the differences between oils.
Features 4T and 2T oil
Lubricant for a four-stroke engine should save its lubricant properties as long as possible and form a stable oil film on the surface of metal parts. IN two-stroke engineAs already mentioned, the oil "works" directly in the combustion chamber. Therefore, it should be produced without residue together with fuel, without leaving deposits, sediment, soot, etc. Oil 4T usually contains a large number of additives that improve the performance of the fluid, and it is them when hitting the unit to the cylinder will form a naiga and increase the exhaust toxicity.
For this reason, in no case can not be mixed or used not to prescribe a liquid with 2t and 4t marks. They are not interchangeable, the use of inappropriate lubricant for the engine with one or another working cycle can provoke serious breakdowns and even failure. Your technique will need expensive repairs that can be avoided if the manufacturer's prescriptions and select oil in accordance with tolerances and instructions.
What does oil marking 4t mean?
All engines that are equipped with modern cars are four-stroke. However, they provide separate product ruler from manufacturers. lubricants. But 4T oil, in turn, are intended for easy equipment:
- garden cultivators,
- lawn mowers
- quad bikes
- motorcycles and hydrocycles,
- snowmobiles.
As a rule, in the data machines in DVS They have an air or air-and-oil cooling system, in connection with which motor oil does not fit the usual motor oil. In addition, operating conditions power aggregates It is very different: the level of loads, the operating frequency of rotation, the temperature range, finally, the ratio of periods of downtime and the activity of technology. In connection with these manufacturers, special 4T oils were developed, which take into account all the features and most accurately meet the requirements of modern small special equipment and transport.
Tasks of lubricants for four-stroke engines
- Oil cools and simultaneously protects the motor;
- It forms a stable, durable film that protects cylinders and pistons from scaling due to the content of special additives;
- Lubrication must save their performance features throughout the term of use;
- The material must exclude oil starvation immediately after starting the unit. For this, it is necessary to acquire a product with a low kinematic viscosity;
- 4t oil should not be coke. This is especially important for engines with air system cooling, since in such aggregates, lubricating fluid can hear up to 300 ° C, and if it will have a bad composition, there may be a nagar or coke;
- Lubrication cleans parts of the engine. Special additives helps to eliminate lacquer deposits, dissolve the precipitate, remove the naiga, which very negatively affects the efficiency of the engine (reduces the mobility of the piston rings, reduces the pressure and increases the oil consumption).
High-quality fluid with a true selected composition will cope well with all the tasks. If you are going to buy 4t oil for replacement or for the topping, be sure to check out allowable marking for your technology, compatibility of liquids and pay attention to the properties of a product. In case of difficulties, it is better to contact the specialists.
Composition of oils for four-stroke engines
Like any lubricating fluids, these products can be produced on a mineral, semi-synthetic or synthetic basis. Each view has its advantages and disadvantages.
- Mineral oil reduces weight education and precipitate, does not form harmful exhausts and does not pollute the environment, lowers the wear of the motor parts, but it has a relatively small temperature range of use.
- The semi-synthetic and synthetic contains as part of the additive - special additives that increase the efficiency of the fluid. They make the engine work more stable, as the oil saves working properties when temperatures change. And it is distinguished by increased fluidity, low evaporation, low voltage in the avgar.
Viscosity and other oil characteristics for 4t engines
Many believe that high-quality automotive engine oil is quite suitable for snowmobiles, motorcycles or motor-cultivators. It is not: even the most expensive lubricants from well-known brands can harm if they are incorrectly chosen. The main difference, as we said, is that cars have a liquid overheating system, and on motorcycles are usually the aggregates, which are cooled by air. The boiling point of motor oils for cars is usually lower than that of 4t marking products. For use in quad bikes, scooters and other small techniques, purchase materials with the specified quality class CD, SG, SF, SH, SJ or higher. At the same time, the viscosity of the oil is determined by temperature. ambient:
- Synthetic 5W 30. It can be considered all-season, since it retains performance in a wide range of temperatures: from -30 ° to + 40 ° C;
- 10W 30. Products with indicators are suitable for variable temperatures: Works at temperatures from -18 to +38 degrees. It is noted that when used in hot weather (above + 27 ° C) can increase oil consumption.
- 5W 30. Temperature range - from +5 and below. Oil is suitable for winter.
- SAE30. Perfectly manifests itself at temperatures from + 5 ° C and higher. In cold weather heats and can cause a difficult start.
Keep in mind if you are operating in the heat in the summer, then you need to check the oil level in the engine more often. The amount of fluid that must be pouring to the successful operation of the machine or unit is determined usually by the manufacturer. This number may vary from 0.6 to 1.1 liters and depends on the power of the engine. The level is checked or the dipstick or by the measurements on the neck in a horizontal position (as shown in the figure).
Features of the choice of oil 4t for motorcycles and scooters
- Products with high viscosity should be purchased, since low-viscous materials (for example, for automotive engines) cause clutch slip. This worsens the dynamics of the motorcycle during acceleration;
- Designed 4t oils for scooters and motorcycles take into account that during acceleration all the liquid in the engine casts to the rear wall. Because of this, if there is a foam, it can get into the oil worker, which will cause a sharp drop in pressure and breakdown of technology;
- Motorcycle lubricating fluids are designed specifically for high loads with large turns and high working temperatures;
- Oils for 4 tons of motorcycles are labeled with a special labeling: Ma, Ma-1, Ma-2 and MV.
Features of the selection of lubricants for snowmobiles
The main risk factor here are minus temperatures in which this is constantly operating winter technique. Therefore, you need to choose a liquid with an appropriate degree of viscosity. For four tax motors SAE J300 Classification products are suitable. Marks on the CCS and MRV label indicate the properties of cold turning and pumping, which is also important.
To pay attention to the selection of oil for water technology
Here the key role is played by the degree of loads and high humidity, in which the engine functions. We give for comparison: in cars a normal operating range of a motor - from 2000 to 4000 revolutions per minute. In some cases, this indicator can reach 5-6 thousand revolutions, but very rarely, but for boat engines It will be a standard mode, as they deal with a more dense medium. The special characteristics of lubricating products for water transport will be added to special additives that prevent mixing oil with water providing protection against moisture and salts and more qualitatively withdrawing fuel combustion products.
How to choose a liquid for 4t engine of garden equipment
Lawn mowers, motoblocks, motor-cultivators are usually equipped with four-stroke engine without oil pump. The lubrication and protection of the power unit is carried out by burning the liquid from the crankcase. It is also necessary to take into account that these cars are usually used seasonally, with large breaks, so oil must be supplemented with a high-quality package of additives. This will give it good anti-wear, anti-promotional and antifriction properties.
Most often for 4t motors of motoblocks, cultivators recommend purchasing SAE30 lubricants on a mineral or synthetic basis. Also suitable all-season oil. Good fluid It will reliably protect the details of the mechanism from wear, abrasion and corrosion, and this will repeat the service life of the technology.
Gasoline four-stroke air-cooling engines are widely used on gardening and parking technician - motor-blocks, motor-cycultivators, lawn mowers, snow blowers, motor-pumps, mini-tractors, construction and road construction equipment - benzogenerators, vibrating plates, vibrotambs.
Before starting the engine operation Explore the instruction manual. Many buyers, unfortunately, do not. Therefore, the most elementary questions on the use of the motor arise.
Tip: Read the engine manual !!!
First: which gasoline must be used.
We advise you to use clean, fresh, unleaded gasoline with octane number Ai92. Motors S. air cooled Not intended to work with fuel AI95 and AI98. In the 95th and 98th gasoline contains additives that are destructive on piston system Engine, leading it to overheating and breakdown.
Do not mix oil with gasoline. This can lead to a motor malfunction that is not covered by a warranty.
Use fresh gasoline AI-92 with a storage period of not more than 30 days !!!
Secondly: what oil to pour into the engine crankcase.
Many consider the automotive oil of well-known brands the best for use in engines for a motor-block (motor-cultivator, snowmobile, electric generator, motor-pump, etc.). This is completely wrong. Automotive oils are designed to work in water-cooled engines, and not with air. Boiling temperature car oils lower than that of oils in which special additives for air-cooled engines are contained.
Use oil with quality class SF, SG, SH, SJ, CD or higher. Do not use additives to oil. Choose an oil viscosity based on the ambient temperature.
* Check the oil level more often at elevated air temperature.
SYNTHETIC 5W-30 (-30 to 40 ° C). Synthetic oil, ensures the operation of the engine throughout the temperature range, as well as easy launch and lowered oil consumption.
Pour oils only indicated in the engine instruction !!!
Always follow the oil level. The level should be on the last thread of the fuel neck in the horizontal position of the engine (as shown in the figure). Flashing I. drain holes Are on the front and rear of the engine.
Oil Pouring Level in Engine
On lawn miles, pay attention to the measuring probe. In the probe engine with a vertical shaft indicated tags.
IN different engines Different volume of crankcase. If you have 4, 5.5, 6.5 or 7 hp engine - I need to pour 600 ml. Oil. In engines 7.5 hp 900 ml poured. In the motors of 8, 9, 11, 13 and 15 hp Accordingly, 1.1 liters.
Third: Engine start.
With the first or cold start of the engine, there is an increased load on the piston system. High revs can harm the motor. Therefore, it is necessary to run the motor for 1/3 of the position of the gas. And you need to run on medium turnups.
Fourth: how running engine running.
Air-cooled engines "do not like" idle. Run the engine, warm out for 1-2 minutes. and enroll in work. During running, try to stick to 50-75% of the load and make mandatory breaks in work in 20-25 minutes. After a break, when the engine has cooled (15-20 minutes), you can continue to work again. In this mode, the engine must work the first 4-5 hours, after which it is necessary to replace the oil. The runoff is over.
The main causes of engine breakdowns
Remember !!! Engine breakage occur mainly from improper operation.
The first reason for breakdowns: not a closed fuel faucet.
When the engine does not work, and the fuel valve is open, the carburetor is transfusing and the "pouring" of the candle. Also gasoline falls into the engine crankcase. And this will lead to excess pressure during engine operation and squeezing the glands. Then this mixture of gasoline and oil will fall into the combustion chamber and through exhaust valve In the silencer. Gradually, the muffler will be clogged by oil residues and the engine will lose cravings.
Motor oils for 4-stroke air-cooled drives differ from lubricants intended for engines with water cooling system. Therefore, when selecting oils, it is necessary to take into account the labeling, the composition of the liquids and the type of engines for which they are designed.
For 4 hours of air-cooled stacking, high temperatures in the cylinder-piston group are characterized. The oil is not mixed with flammable and does not enter the combustion chamber, therefore, the engine mixture for the specified type of drives must have the following properties:
- Increased number of additives motor fluid - up to 25% of the total.
- Stability of viscosity characteristics at various temperature modes. Lubricant should provide fast and easy engine start, as well as an instantaneous oil supply to all driving drive elements.
- Hemocosal stability. The structure of the mixture should be resistant to oxidation reactions, so as not formed a precipitate and the tag, and the mixture did not become in structure as water.
- Improved anti-wear and anti-promotional characteristics that protect the engine elements from the effects of tribological loads.
It is not necessary to apply a motor cooled, designed for engines equipped with water cooling in 4-cycle air-cooled motors, these two types of oils contain different composition additives, the first are calculated on the heating of the cylinder mirror to a temperature of +160 0 C, and for the second this parameter is +220 0 C.
Check out the video about the classification of motor fluids:
Standards
It is difficult for a simple buyer to understand the marking of lubricants, so often unscrupulous sellers give fluids for 2 x stroke engines instead of 4 x strokes. By purchasing such products, you reduce the drive resource, so before going to the auto shop, read the generally accepted standards indicating that the engine oil is suitable for four-stroke air-cooled drives:
- The operational class on the API system must comply with the requirements of SF / CC, not lower.
- According to GOST Motomalo for the specified drives, the group G.
- According to the SAE standard, the liquid must meet the requirements of the dealer vehicle. Such information can be found in the service book or on the cover of the filler neck. For air-cooled engines, it is recommended to fill oil having the designation SAE 30 - summer class Motor mixtures specified lubricant is sufficiently thick, to quickly do not dilute at high operating temperature.
Choosing basic base Machine, for engines with air cooling system, consider:
- Mineralka - reduces friction force, reduces the wear of the drive elements, burning does not form a naiga and smoke, using it can be applied with a ethyl or unleaded type of gasoline.
- The semi-synthetic - is applied with flammable not very high quality, it is recommended for motors with a large load, ensures the stability of its structure during operation, but has increased fluidity, applicable with eilated and unleaded gasoline.
- Synthetics - prevents nagaro formation, protects the engine from wear, applicable only with unleaded flammable.
Selecting the lubricant, consider the season when the vehicle will be used, summer types Oils begin to crystallize at temperatures below -10 0 s, winter is kept - -25 0 C, all-season provide motor protection at any time of the year. Their operating temperature range is available in SAE classification.
On the canister with high-quality product it is indicated that the lubricant is suitable for 4 x air-cooled stacks. Properly selected fluids must meet the requirements of the vehicle dealer to provide normal work Motor. Preference is worth paying the goods to famous brands, which the sellers have a quality certificate. Incorrectly chosen engine oil will lead to an increase in the nagara formation, increased fuel consumption, fast motor failure.
Choosing specific brand Oils, note that motorcycle motorcycle is characterized by a quantitative composition of antifriction additives. This is associated with the mode of operation of power units, snowmobiles, for example, are designed for limit load modes, and the scooter is used with much better operating conditions. In lubricants for the specified types of equipment there will be a different composition and additives.
Purchasing a motoblock, it is necessary to remember that its durable work depends not only on the replacement supplies, parts, tightening the necessary nuts, but also from timely replacement of oil in the fiberboard.
From how correctly choose engine oil for motoblocks, the durability and efficiency of the equipment depends. The question arises which oil to fill in the engine of the fiberboard, how to replace it or check the level.
1 Motor Oil Functions
With each technique, including with motor blocks, complete when selling there is a passport and instruction. Manufacturers are always in the instructions recommend that kinds of oils that will allow the technique for a long time and do not break.
It is necessary to know that during the operation of the motoblock, the engine oil performs 4 functions at once:
- cooling;
- lubricant;
- cleaning;
- seal.
When the engine is operating with air-cooled, the lubricant is burning and remains on a hot cylinder, after which the smoke exhaust is formed. Deposition of resinous substances Carefully affects the contamination of some details And their lubricant is complicated.
Using the motoblock you need to choose a lubricant, leaning on the climatic zone.
For example, when using a SAE 10W30 lubricant at a temperature of equal to 5 ° C and above, it will be much higher, and the engine breakdown will occur much higher. Summer lubricating fluids undesirable at air temperature below 5 ° C. Such use leads to a difficult engine launch and damage to the cylinder mirror.
1.1 Classification of varieties of oil according to the degree of viscosity
The degree of viscosity of motor oil varieties is customary to be classified according to SAE (society of engineers of the automotive industry).
Quality wash oil MPa - 2.
Namely:
- Summer varieties - oils related to this category are applied in summer, have high viscosity And without alphabetic designation. These include: SAE 20, 30, 40, 50, 60.
- Winter varieties - these oils are used in the winter and have a low viscosity. The letter designation of this variety W (Winter). These include: SAE 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, 25W.
- All-season varieties are the most popular currently, as applied in summer and winter. They are denoted by a double combination: 5W-30, 10W-40.
In addition to differences in lubricants for seasonal features, They are divided according to the composition of two types:
- mineral;
- synthetic;
- semi-synthetic.
All oils are divided into lubricant for both 2-stroke and 4 clock engines. Usually 4-stroke air-cooling engines are installed on the motoblocks. In such engines it is necessary to pour only 4 clock oil.
The air cooling motor during operation heats up more than water-cooled engine under the same operating conditions. Therefore, the filling fluid should have low evaporation and high thermal acid stability. Same modern oils must have environmental security, those. The amount of smoke and toxicity of exhaust gases is controlled.
Since waste is often simply burned in boilers or steam generators, they should not contain in themselves the components forming toxic compounds when burning. In a motor-cultivator, which works on gasoline, and does not have instructions, it is better to cast 4-stroke oil 5W30 or SAE30.
In winter, it will be preferable to winter or transmission oil, for example 0W40. But for such quality will have to pay. It is not worth saving this, because high-quality oil affects less engine wear and on its durability.
2 What kind of motoblock: diesel or gasoline?
Aggregates with a diesel engine are designed mainly to work at large areas of the Earth. This type of engine is able to produce high traction effort due to working on low revs. They are designed for a much greater resource, rather than gasoline.
Therefore, their work can be done much longer without stopping. It is impossible to give a diesel engine to idling, because it leads to his breakdown. Sometimes you need to upload for 3-4 hours the unit on full power. This will allow to extend the life of the motoblock.
The main advantages of diesel motoblock:
- Convenient maintenance and operation, since there are no candles and magneto, as well as there is no carburetor that you have to constantly adjust.
- Maximum grip with earth thanks to high weight.
- Cooling is possible either by air or water. Gasoline engines are deprived of such a variety.
- The fuel flow rate can vary from 2 to 5 liters per 100 km, based on the power of the unit.
- The engine operation is provided by stable turns due to increased traction effort.
The price may scare when buying a diesel motoblock. But it is worth considering that it consumes fuel less than gasoline, and the diesel is cheaper than gasoline. This acquisition pays off over time.
2.1 Gasoline Motoblocks
The motoblocks of this class are ideal for the processing of small land plots. In the gasoline engine, fuel ignition comes from the spark that is produced from the spark plug. Such motoblocks are very maneuverable and lungs.
For gasoline engine Suitable any gasoline used in modern cars. They can only work on high revolutions. Repair and maintenance is much cheaper than diesel engines.
The main advantages of the gasoline engine:
- It is possible to start it under all weather conditions without an electric starter.
- Reduced noise level.
- Significantly less vibration when managing.
Basic the advantage over the diesel engine is a relatively small cost. They are suitable for small sections (20-30 acres), as they do not withstand large loads. The diesel engine will be optimal in all other cases.
2.2 Replacing Oil in Motoblock
There are many different opinions about how often it is necessary to change the oil for motoblocks. But it is necessary to rely in this case on the manufacturer's instruction. If there is no instruction, you can change the lubricant common among users in the manner.
The first replacement of the oil in the fuel is made after running the unit. Engine running and all its nodes must be carried out at idle. Before starting the engine, you need to make sure there is a lubricant in it. When buying an aggregate, its engine can be dry at all.
After an hour of operation of the engine, the first replacement of lubricant is performed. Next replacement - after 5-6 hours of operation. It is recommended to change the oil in the motobock every 40 hours of operation, which is much more likely than in the car. After winter period Replacing the lubricant is required. It does not matter how many hours a motoblock worked if his lubricant became viscous, darkened or a strong smell of Gary proceeds from it, then it should be changed.
Before changing the oil, you need to warm the fuel. It is necessary in order for the lubricant to become more fluid. The motoblock is installed in a horizontal position. A drain plug is twisted and the old liquid from the engine crankcase is removed.
After that, it is necessary to tighten the plug in the drain tank back and make a fill of lubricating fluid through the bay neck. Check the oil level can be controlled by a plug. The level should be between the MINIMUM and MAXIMUM marks. Then the plug is twisted completely.
To fill and check the lubrication level in the gearbox crankcase, install a motor-block on a flat surface and clean the gearbox housing in the area of \u200b\u200bthe fuel hole. After that, loosen the bolt bolt. If the level is normal, the oil will begin to flow from the hole. If this does not happen, you must unscrew the bolt completely and pour oil into the gearbox until it flows out of the hole.
An important nuance is the proper condition air filter. After all, without a air filter or with a filter, but without the required oil level, the engine cannot be launched. For tall lubrication, you need to unscrew the nut on the filter cover, Pull the filtering element from the pallet, pour the oil to the level of the mark on the oil bath. Set back the filter element and spin the nut.
Based on the above, before buying an oil, it is necessary to understand several important points:
- Determine the oil use season.
- Purchase special additives to enhance the properties of lubricating fluid.
For proper choice The product is ensured by a long service life of the unit and improves its work.
The need to produce oils for air-cooled engines is caused by the appearance in the domestic market in recent years a large number of equipment with a drive from such a class of engines. The operating conditions of air cooling engines differs from water cooling engines primarily by a higher temperature regime of the cylinder-piston group.
In addition, when the engine is in a pair with an electric generator lubricant Oil It is necessary to provide quick and easy engine start and instant delivery by lubrication system to all rubbing items. These and other circumstances impose features on the quality requirements for air-cooled engines.
- 4TD series oils - specially designed for use in 4-stroke gasoline and diesel engines Air cooling of small equipment. Prepared on the basis of highly purified mineral and synthetic polyalphaole oils, special packages of additives that protect against the formation of deposits on the piston and in the engine crankcase, the rings, reduce energy consumption. Oils have high heat-oxidative stability. To improve the lubricating characteristics of oil, contain anti-mailing additives, protecting engine parts from wear with extreme loads and high temperatures
- 4td Standard SAE 30 - mineral oil Provides long-lasting I. stable work engines in the entire load range. Recommended for use in the summer, as well as in climatic zones with ambient temperature in the range from -10 ° C to +40 ° C
- 4TD Premium SAE 10W-30 - semi-synthetic all-season oil has excellent oxidation resistance at high temperatures, ensures the strength of the oil film between the driving parts at frequent starts and engine stops. It is recommended as the all-season universal oil for climatic zones with ambient temperature in the range from -25 ° C to +40 ° C
- 4td ultra SAE 5W-30 - synthetic oil Prepared on the basis of special frost-resistant oils. Provides easy start and fast warming Engine. It is recommended as all-season universal oil for climatic zones with ambient temperature in the range from -38 ° C to +50 ° C
Distinctive features and advantages
- High quality mineral and synthetic base, an effective package of additives provide protection against wear and prevent deposits on movable parts of engines with various operating modes
- Anti-inflammatory and contamination properties in overload
- Reduced power consumption
- Reliable start of engines at negative temperatures
Application
Recommended for use in lubrication systems of four-stroke air cooling engines of gasoline and diesel engines, including moderate superimposure: garden tractors, lawn mowers, other garden equipment, snowproofers, snowmobiles, small engine refrigerator engines and air conditioners, electric generators, motorcycles, boat engines and etc.
