Hydraulic power steering (GUR) is an important and practical mechanism of any car. GUR: What is it in the car Li Gur

Experienced motorists, of course, it is well known what GUR is in the car, however, the novka is the information they can get, reading the text below, will surely give a sufficiently detailed and quite specific answer to this question. If we speak in general, not particularly going into details, then the GUR is necessary in order to significantly facilitate the steering car, and any type: ordinary passenger Maltra, SUV or truck. This abbreviation is decrypted as the "steering hydraulic poweror" and quite fully reveals the essence of the device.

All who at least once sat behind the wheel of a car, which is not equipped with a power steering (or electric power) steering, probably noticed that at low speed for turning the steering wheel, it is necessary to make considerable efforts. At the same time, if the car moves to a sufficiently significant speed, then the opposite effect is observed: the steering wheel turns over easily, almost without any effort. This creates considerable inconvenience when driving a car (especially inexperienced drivers) and, as evidenced by experience and statistics, emergencies often cause emergencies.

That is why designers still at the dawn motorization thought about how to level this drawback. As a result, in 1925, American Francis Davis guessed to put on his personal car Pierce-Arrow Roadster Steering Hydraulor. It should be noted that the design of this device was not yet some innovation: the fact is that long before the middle of the twenties of the last century, hydraulic amplifiers have already been actively used on maritime courts.

How is the GUR and how does it work?

How the GUR is arranged

Straightly, almost any car steering hydraulic power consists of such main parts as:

• Pump;
• Distributor;
• Hydraulic cylinder;
• Connecting hoses;
• Tank.

The hydraulic pump is designed to create the necessary pressure in the hydraulic power steering system and ensure the circulation of the working fluid on it (oil is most often performed). IN modern cars Most often, plate-type hydraulic pumps are used, since they have a high efficiency and differ in a long service life. Almost always the drive is carried out with the help of belt transmission from crankshaft Engine car.

Distributor, as it is not difficult to guess from his name, is necessary to distribute liquid and direct it in strictly certain cavities of the hydraulic cylinder, as well as in the tank. Specialists distinguish between two varieties of distributors: axial and rotary. If his spool performs rotational movements, the distributor is rotary, and if the translational is axial. The distributor itself can be placed directly on the shaft with the steering mechanism, and among the elements of the steering drive.

The hydraulic cylinder is designed to under the pressure of the working fluid (oil) in motion the piston and rod. This element of the GUR or is embedded directly into the steering mechanism, or is installed between the drive and the car body.

As for connecting hoses, they are necessary in order to provide free move Working fluid throughout the mechanism. These design elements are customary to divide on low and high pressure hoses. The first is used to return the working fluid after working out, and on the second it follows between such elements of the GUR, as a pump, cylinder and distributor.

GUR in work. In the upper part, it is shown how the spool distributes the hydraulic fluid.

The tank in the GUR system represents nothing but the container in which the working fluid is stored (oil), and through which it circulates. It has a special cleaning filter, as well as probe, which is necessary in order to check the level of working fluid.

The principle of operation of all hydraulic steering mechanisms, regardless of the characteristics of their design, almost the same. If the steering wheel is in the central position, then the central spool gur is also located in the same place, which holds special springs. This ensures a completely free movement of the working fluid throughout the system. Its circulation provides a working pump. When the steering wheel turns, the spool moves and overlaps the drain highway, as a result of which the working fluid is supplied to one of the cylinder cavities under pressure. This leads to the fact that under its exposure, the body of the distributor is rotated, and the wheels in the other side, into which the spool moves. At that time, when the casing of the distributor "overtakes" this very spool, the supply of working fluid under pressure in the cylinder stops, and this means that the turn has already been completed. The steering wheel returns to the neutral position, the spool is also, and through it the working fluid merges into the highway.

Signs of malfunction and typical breakdowns

The car steering power consumption is quite complicated by its design system, and, despite the fact that it is highly reliable, sometimes may fail. The fact that the GUR is faulty can be determined by a number of signs. The main ones are the following:

• While driving on the steering wheel, strong shocks are felt;
• To rotate the steering wheel, it is necessary to make serious efforts, or it, on the contrary, turns over easily easily;
• The steering wheel vibrates, "noum" or with difficulty returns to its original position;
• The steering wheel is turning independently from time to time.

As practice shows, in cases where strong shocks are felt on the steering wheel, the reason most often lies in drive belt GUR: It has a very weak tension. If so, the tension is required to restore, or change the old, stretched from time belt.

If the steering wheel turns hard, then, most likely, the problem lies or in the same drive belt, or in the fact that the tank contains an insufficient amount of working fluid. Therefore, it is necessary to check, respectively, the belt tension and the oil level, as well as the tank and connecting hoses for cracks and possible leaks.

If the steering wheel vibrate or "noum", then, most likely, weakened the connection of the tubes of the GUR. In the same cases when the steering wheel turns on its own, without the participation of the driver, the pump does not work most often, and therefore it should be checked primarily.

It should be noted that the car's power steering is best not to repair yourself, but contact the station maintenance. There, experienced specialists will conduct a thorough diagnosis of GUR and will quickly eliminate all identified malfunctions. Independent, the repair is most often turning around by the fact that the steering of the car steering starts to work even worse than before it.

Video on the topic GUR

Those who have fastened the Ase of Driver's skill behind the wheel of some "penny" or "Moskvich", for sure, still remember how difficult it was to be managed with the steering wheel of these cars. But progress does not stand still, and today you will rarely find a car model that does not equip the steering amplifier, which greatly simplifies the taxi. What types of amplifiers are that their advantages and disadvantages - this will be discussed in this article.

Amplifier amplifier - Maintenance

The first to facilitate the control of the wheel of the car was thought of truck manufacturers. Designers developed special hydraulic mechanismwhich was mounted in the steering system and simplified the rotation of the steering wheel. But not only this was the use of the invented unit: to the detriment of the quality of "feedback", he helped absorb unevenness road coat (vibrations decreased on the steering wheel), which, in turn, allowed to extend the service life of the steering mechanism nodes. In addition, the use of GUR helped improve the safety of the car during damage to the front wheels tires: the hydraulicel helps to hold the steering wheel in the driving path of the trajectory.

It is noteworthy that a similar mechanism called the hydraulic steering amplifier (GUR), in the Soviet automotive industry, first appeared on the passenger car - the gas "Seagull".

GAZ 14 seagull with gur

Since then, no one dozen years have passed before the hydraulic plants began to equip serial models. russian production. However, the passenger cars of foreign brands are equipped with power steering for a long time. After time, engineers made sure that the design of the hydraulic drive of the power steering is imperfect and began to search for ways of improving this unit. An evolutionary step in this direction was the use of non-hydraulics, but electricians - designers invented an electric power steering (EUR), which is installed today various models, budget and expensive cars. What are the features of the structure of the hydro and electric power steering?

The power steering is a system of low and high pressure connecting pipelines in which circulates special fluidInserted into the system using the pump. Located in a tank that is connected to the pump. When turning the steering wheel, the pressure fluid is fed into the steering mechanism through the distributor. The liquid is pumped into the hydraulic cylinder, where it creates pressure on the piston, shifts it, thereby facilitating the force when turning the steering wheel. When the car moves along a straight trajectory, the fluid from the steering mechanism reaches the tank of the GUR system.

EUR.

The electric power steering is a system of an electric motor, an electronic control unit (ECU) and two sensors - and angle of rotation of the steering wheel. Unlike the hydraulic agent, the EUR is mounted directly on the steering column or the steering rake, and the transmission of the torque takes place through the torsion shaft, which is built into the steering system. If the GUR changes the force on the steering wheel with the liquid circulating in the system, the electric powerful makes it by means of the current. For example, when turning the steering wheel, the force is transmitted to the steering mechanism through the torsion shaft. The torque sensor of the electric powerful "catches" this action and transmits it to the control unit.

There information is analyzed and the ECU determines which current strength should be sent to an electric motor to facilitate the rotation of the steering wheel. Moreover, this force is calculated depending on the speed of the vehicle and the rotation angle of the steering wheel: if the driver rotates the steering wheel in place or on a parking at low speed, the EUR drive works to the maximum, providing the easiest rotation of the steering wheel. If the steering rotation occurs at high speed, the electric powerful reduces torque power, which is why the control becomes sharper.

What is better: gur or eur?

Each of these systems has its advantages and disadvantages.

The power steering is more cumbersome, but at the same time cheaper in the production system, which ultimately affects the cost of a car equipped with GUR. Today, steering power steering is mainly equipped with cars. budget class and powerful SUVs. However, in the case of SUVs, the use of GUR is explained by the fact that such a system has a large, rather than at the electric power, the power transmission power to the steering mechanism. This is the main advantage of GUR.

The disadvantages of this mechanism are more. First, in the car with a power steering wheel, it is impossible to keep the steering wheel in the extreme position for more than five seconds, otherwise there will be an overheating of the oil in the system, which leads to a breakdown of the GUR. Secondly, the hydraulicel needs periodic maintenance (once in one to two years): it is necessary to change, monitor the oil level in the system, check the condition of the drives, the integrity of the hoses and the amplifier pump.

Thirdly, the operation of the hydraulic feller pump is directly related to the engine, so the pump constantly selects a portion of the power from the motor, which, with a straightforward movement, when the GUR is not involved, wasted.

Fourth, in the hydraulovel, you cannot configure the modes of operation of the mechanism depending on the conditions of movement. Fifth, GUR provides good steering informative at low speeds, but at high "feedback" to a large extent weakens. However, this lack of designers are eliminated by applying additional nodes in the steering mechanism (variable gear ratios).

Unlike the power steering, EUR is a more progressive system.having, however, and its drawbacks. Since there are less than GUR, then first let's say about them. First, it is higher cost, and secondly, the smaller, as mentioned above, the power of the electric motor, which is why this type of amplifier is mainly installed on passenger cars. However, every year the EUR design is improving, which allows to level the mentioned flaws.

The benefits of EUR can be attributed, firstly, the simplicity of its design, and, as a result, maintenance. The electric powerlier does not have liquids, hoses, pumps that need periodic inspection and maintenance. The only thing for what to follow is for the state of rolling bearings. Secondly, the EUR is more compact than the hydraulicel, does not occupy a lot of space, and some models of the car is installed on the steering shaft in the cabin, and not under the hood, which ensures the durability of its operation (there is no temperature drop and humidity, which have to test the GUR nodes) .

Installed EUR from Priors on VAZ 2109. Photo - Drive2

Thirdly, the electric powerful helps the fuel, as its motor, unlike the hydraulic pot pump, starts working only when the steering wheel is rotated, besides, it does not take power from the engine. Fourthly, you can configure the operating modes of the electrical inspector, depending on the conditions in which the machine is operated. Fifth, the steering wheel with the electric power can be kept as much as you like in the extreme position. And finally, driving a car with EUR is more acute when driving at high speeds than gur, and more easily when driving at low speeds.

Sincerely, Alexander Gilev.

Recently, almost all cars are equipped with a steering hydraulic power. The power steering (GUR) was originally intended for trucks, as well as many all kinds of species of various agricultural techniques. While this device It was not intended not to improve comfort. This is due to the fact that the steering wheel of many trucks is almost impossible to rotate without an amplifier. Now it simplifies the rotation of the wheels and passenger cars, reducing the mechanism and the diameter of the steering wheel. What is the power steering and how it works, and also consider it advantages and disadvantages.

Hydraulicel - what is it and why

As you already understood, initially it was created to simplify the rotation of the steering wheel on special carswhere it is difficult due to big gear ratio steering mechanism. Now this device is successfully applied to almost all cars, making them maneuvering and responsive to the turns of the steering wheel.

Practice has shown that the use of the hydraulic device reduces the number of steering revolutions and helps to avoid many emergencies by a sharp maneuver in the opposite direction. Make it with a conventional steering mechanism even a rack type is quite problematic.

Diagram of the device GUR.

There are two types of steering hydroxidants: standard and egur, which is equipped with special electronic block Department I. electromagnetic valve. In general, their design is similar and perfectly fit into any steering mechanism. Now, most of the cars are equipped with a steering rack, so consider the GUR and Egur device on its example.

The main parts of the hydraulic plot include:

1. Split-type distributor
2. Special pump
3. The tank in which the working fluid is stored
4. Working cylinder
5. System of hoses of nozzles for moving fluid

Egur can be additionally completed with a speed sensor, an electromagnetic valve and a special control unit.

The working cylinder and the distributor are installed on the steering rail and represent a single integer with it. The prescription of the pump is to create the necessary fluid pressure and drives with a belt transmission from the engine crankshaft.

How the steering amplifier works + video

After starting the engine, the oil pump begins to rotate and creates pressure inside the system. If the steering wheel is right, the liquid simply circulates through the system, bypassing the spool part of the device. However, after turning the steering wheel in any direction, the steering shaft affects a special torsion that opens a spool in any side. Thus, one of the cavities of the working cylinder begins to enter the work, which simplifies the effort attached to the steering wheel, the wheels begin to rotate faster.

As soon as the steering wheel turns out to the stop, the oil reaches the peak pressure of the pressure rendered to the working cylinder. In this case, to avoid damage, a special valve is triggered, which opens and produces all working fluid into free circulation inside the system. After returning the steering wheel to its original position, the valve is locked, and the working cylinder presses already in another cavity, making the steering wheel turn faster.

The difference between the electrohydroysleel is that it is equipped with a system that allows you to change the pressure of the working fluid inside the system, depending on the velocity of the car. This is carried out using a speed sensor, a crankshaft rotation frequency or steering angle sensor. Such an innovation allows you to turn off the egur when driving at high speed to avoid too sharp maneuvers and make the steering wheel more informative on any deviations. When the vehicle speed is zero, or too small, then Egur starts working for full force, creating the maximum allowable pressure in the system. The controller is needed for a more smooth or sharp opening of the valves depending on the speed of the vehicle.

disadvantages

Despite all the convenience, such a device has a number of flaws. First of all, this is a belt transmission, which selects a certain amount of power from the engine and some of its efficiency is spent on the actuation of the pump. Thus, the GUR increases the fuel consumption of the car and reduces its power.

In addition, the hydraulicel needs careful care, because his unexpected refusal is perceived by the driver as the steering wheel wedge. Understanding this is not immediately, inexperienced chauffeurs rush and allow random collisions with certain obstacles. First of all, it is necessary to maintain a constant tightening of the hydraulic clamps, and, secondly, twice a year and monitor the state of the hydraulic pump.

The tank with the working fluid must be necessarily filled with it to the required level, otherwise the pressure will be too redundant or insufficient.

Gura scheme

Pumping gur. and its systems are carried out when replacing the working fluid, enforcement, which can be the result of a malfunction or execution repair work. Inside the air not only reduces the efficiency of work, but also can cause serious breakdowns, in particular, the failure of the gur pump. therefore pumping hydraulicel It is necessary to carry out in strict accordance with the existing technology.

Signs of faults in the GUR system

There are several signs of replacing the GUR system, in which it is necessary to conduct it pumping. Among them:

• the appearance of strong noise in the area of \u200b\u200bthe installation of the GUR or his pump;
• increased pressure on the steering wheel, difficulties with his turn;
• feeding the working fluid From the hydraulic power system.

In addition, there are still several signs that testify to convincing system - appearance of foam on the surface of the working fluid in expansion tank, spontaneous turns of the steering wheel in one of the sides. If you encountered at least one of the described features means you need to pump the power steering.

How to pump gur.

How to pour oil and pump gur

The procedure for replacing fluid and pumping GUR is performed in strict accordance with the existing algorithm. Some automakers can make their own characteristics. If you have a manual to your car, we recommend to familiarize yourself with the relevant section. In the general features, steps must be performed in such a sequence:

• Fully lift the car on the lift or post its front wheels.
• If necessary, drain the old fluid from the expansion tank. To do this, remove the return hose (going to the GUR system) from the expansion tank and put the plug on it so that the fluid from the hose is pulled out. The hose comes to the empty bottle on the Bachka released on the tank, which is supposed to drain the old hydraulic fluid.
• The main volume of the fluid is most convenient to pump off the syringe and merge into a separate bottle. When fluids remain very little movable to the next item.
• Conduct the fill of the working fluid into the expansion tank to the top.
• Next, you should twist the steering wheel from the side to the side (from the stop until the stop) several times so that the old liquid remains in the system flow through the hose. Insofar as new liquid It huses the old one, do not forget to follow the oil level in the tank, so that the air does not hit the hose.
• When the liquid level falls, replacing it again.
• Run the engine for 2-3 seconds and muff. This is done so that the fluid began to spread through the system.

It is important to remember that if you brought the GUR system, then the air can be expelled by pumping by rotating the steering wheel from the side to the side. However, in no case do not start the engine, since the air in the system is critical for the pump pump and can cause its failure.

Pumping oil syringe

• Next, you should simulate the working fluid into the tank to the MAX mark and repeat the procedure with the start of the engine. This cycle is repeated 3-5 times.
• The signal to stopping pumping is the fact that air from the return hose stops into the drain bottle. This means that in hydraulic system The air is no longer left, and the tank gets fresh clean fluid.
• After that, you need to install a return hose in place (connect to the expansion tank, where it was originally installed).
• Reggle to fill the tank to the MAX level, then start the engine.
• To pump the hydraulic agent, it is necessary to 4-5 times slowly twist the steering wheel from the left to the right stop. In places of stops to make pauses for 2-3 seconds. If the air remained, it should go into an expansion tank. In the process of checking, make sure that the pump does not publish outsiders.
• An alarm device that pumping is over, there will be no lack of liquid on the surface of air bubbles.
• After that, tightly close the expansion tank.

Pumping system GUR.

Pumping system You can also exercise without starting the engine, "On Cold". For this enough to rotate the steering from the left to the right. At the same time, the old liquid and air come out of the system. However, most automakers are still advised to pump a system with a running engine.

The fluid level in the tank must be between MIN and MAX marks. Remember that when heated, the fluid is expanding, so it should not be pouring it over the available marker.

Characteristic power steering malfunctions

Malfunctions in the operation of the hydraulicer are easy to identify on characteristic features. Among them:

• Togo turns the steering wheel. Probable causes are the failure of the pump GUR, the use of unsuitable working fluid, sticking the channels of the spool mechanism.
• When the steering wheel is twisted (in any direction), in the process of driving is heard high frequency sound (similar to whistle). Probable cause is a glamorous drive belt.
• Steering wheel turns by jerks. Probable causes of malfunction - non-compliance of the working fluid of the specification declared by the manufacturer, the malfunction of the liquid mechanism, the pump fault.
• The presence of intense foaming In an expansion tank. Probable reasons - mixing liquids different types, Malfunction pump GUR.
• When the engine running occurs spontaneous steering wheel rotation in any direction. Probable reason - the defective operation of the spool mechanism, most often, clogging its operating channels, an incorrect assembly (for example, after installing Remkomplekt).

In order for the power steering and its system to work in normal mode, as well as to extend their operating life, you must adhere to several simple rules:

General view of GUR.

• use recommended automakers, as well as conduct their timely replacement (most automakers are recommended to replace the GUR liquid every 60 ... 120 thousand mileage kilometer, or once every 2 years, it depends on the style of driving and the intensity of the car operation);
• perform pumping system GUR in strict accordance with the algorithm described above (or complying with individual requirements, if such places the car manufacturer);
• follow the state anther steering rackSince if it is torn, then dust and dirt will be in the system, which leads to the output from the pump GUR. The sign of the already happening problems is the hum of the hydraulic agent, which is not eliminated even the fluid replacement.

The cost of replacing liquid and pumping gur

If you plan to carry out work on the replacement of liquid and pumping the gur yourself, then you will need to buy only oil in a volume of 1 to 3 liters (taking into account the washing, while the volume of the gur system a passenger car It is up to 1 liter). The price of fluid depends on the brand and the store. It is within 4 ... $ 15 per liter. If you do not want or you can not independently perform similar works - contact your service for help. Approximate prices on january 2017. Make up:

• work on the replacement of fluid - 1200 rubles;
• pumping Gora - 600 rubles.

Conclusion

Pumping the hydraulic agent is a simple procedure with which even an inexperienced bus owner can cope. The main thing is to adhere to the sequence of actions discussed above. It is also necessary to use working fluid with recommended manufacturer characteristics. With the appearance of the slightest signs, preventive procedures must be carried out. Otherwise, the system may fail, which threatens not only repair but also car Control Loss on the road.

Every year the car is becoming more and more powerful, perfect design, surprisingly not only with its endurance, permeability, attractive external speciesbut also modern electronic equipment, complex, multifunctional equating vehicle to a computer. One of these achievements of the autoinducture was the steering strengthen. The steering wheel is the basis of the base of the car, and very often drivers noted not the best control that needs to be adjusted, modernization.

So, in the first half of the twentieth century, the idea of \u200b\u200bstrengthening the steering wheel was born. She was improved, complemented by new productive thoughts, and as a result, today we can enjoy ideal driving and use such a useful device as a steering rack amplifier. But what is the electric power steering on the VAZ 2110, or, as it is also called, EUR, why is it needed, what is its functional properties, pros and cons? What is a power steering on the VAZ, GUR, what does he differ from EUR, what are his pros and cons? Consider a number of other, no less important issues.

History of creating an amplifier steering

The steering amplifier is a device that allows to significantly improve the quality of control. Steering amplifiers are two types: EUR and GUR. When the first cars were created, the designers thought about the issue of steering improvement. This restless design thought was formulated into a ready-made scheme only at the beginning of the thirties in the twentieth century, when a replacement for rather strange steering mechanisms, which for their original form received the funny name "Cow Tail", established standard round beans.

Then the designers generated all sorts of non-standard solutions. So, for example, for racing cars Quick-fit "Baranks", which were attached by special latches. Next - more, Europeans began to think about improving driving comfort. In the forties, many cars have been equipped with hydraulic poles, even on miniature, lungs were put by GUR. The electric powerlier, it is more often called Emur or Eur, a decade appeared and showed the best parameters.

Today, EUR and GUR are not even on VAZ cars, not all, of course. Strengthening can be found on the VAZ 2110, Lada Kalina, Lada Grant, and with such equipment, even a simple VAZ 2110 in terms of the quality of the steering rises one step with good foreign cars.

Pros and cons of EUR

EUR is a complex device consisting of a considerable number of details. It begins to work at the moment when the driver turns the wheel: the signal transmission process begins with the speed sensor and the position controller on the steering system. From this definition, it can be concluded that two quantities affect the operation of the EUR: speed and tie Rod, expressed in the turn of the steering rack.

When all the data is filed on the control module, it feeds the power to force aggregate. The engine begins to work, at the same time contributing to the easiest rotation of the steering wheel. From the position of the steering force, the force of auxiliary effect changes. At the moment, EUR is considered the most popular thanks to the easier operation and the ability to control the working condition of the steering wheel, rather than with GUR. Most often, EURA can be found on domestic models of VAZ 2110, Kalina. Another advantage of electric grinding is that it is economically.

If you wish, it can be turned off at all, whereas it is impossible to disable the GUR. Also, professionals note that electricification is more practical, as it does not contain such fragile elements, like a pump, hoses, spools and other equipment that fail much more often than an electrician. What else can be noted here? No noise. This factor for many drivers is almost defining.

The most important advantage of this type of amplification is the best control parameters that are traced in the definition, the rotation accuracy of the steering wheel. EUR still can work out for some time even when the engine is hopelessly stalled, which allows the driver to feel on the road more protected and confident. But, of course, there are no mechanisms without any flaws. The disadvantage of electrical circulation is weighty energy consumption, from 40 to 50 A.

In the operating mode, EUR Motor loses up to 10 liters. from. His power. Most frequent reasons The amplifier faults consist in burning wiring on the circuit board and the defect of the fuses. The second most common breakdown, especially common on the VAZ 2110, is a knock in the steering wheel when the car moves along a bumpy road. This may occur from the fact that the feedback of the amplifier is lost. In order to determine the cause of the fault, it is necessary to remove the power supply fuse from the mounting unit niche.

Just do not forget to first turn it off. Now you need to make a test drive without losing vigilance and caution, since the amplification will be weighty, which will noticeably make the movement. Now you need to connect all your attention: if the knocks in the steering wheel are not, it means that the reason was rooted in the module. If the steering wheel, both knocking, and knocks, then it is necessary to repair the steering column itself.

Advantage domestic cars is the fact that they can be performed independently. So, the installation of EUR on the VAZ 2110 will not take more than two hours, while spending will be minimal. In relation to foreign cars, this question will be solved not so simple. The cost of replacing the electric powerful on the VAZ 2110 will be from 2,000 to 3,000 rubles, the cost of replacing the same unit on a foreign car will be from 600 to $ 800.