It is not necessary to immediately throw the battery if I started to disappear or scroll after the starter. In many cases, the battery is subject to repairs. Knowing how to restore car battery, It is possible to extend its operation for another seasons.
Battery defects
Battery malfunctions can be caused by both external and internal reasons. To the first one can attribute:
- Damage (cracks) of the plastic battery case caused by external influences or processes in the battery itself (overheating, bloating, etc.). With significant damage, repair is inappropriate and better to purchase new battery. Minor damage can be eliminated independently with the help of improvised tools and materials, pre-drained the entire electrolyte. At the end repair work You should pour fresh electrolyte and charge the battery.
- Oxidation of contact terminals. Repair comes down to stripping oxides with sandpaper and rag or cloth. We will not be cleaned with contacts and on connected cables. Upon completion of stripping, contacts and terminals can be treated with a small portion of the engine oil.
The list of internal faults looks slightly impressive, and some of them do not allow recover the battery at all:
- For incorrect use Batteries, for example, deep discharge or systematic subwage, may damage the elements. And in case of finding a discharged battery in the cold freezes the electrolyte, which causes damage to the plates or housing. The restoration of the battery in such cases is inappropriate.
- Sowing of coal plates is diamed with electrolyte. The restoration of the battery in this case is also unreal and should be purchased new.
- Sulfate plates is the most common internal malfunction of the battery. At its initial stage, the battery is reduced and slightly below will be indicated, as is done.
- Circuit plates. The sign of this defect is overheating by one of the cans and boiling in it electrolyte. In some cases, salvation is the replacement of lead plates, but you need to be prepared and to a complete replacement of the battery.
Recovery methods
Sulfation
The manifestation of this defect is the white beam of a large-crystal sulfate lead on the plates. The crystal layer covers the pores of the active substance, preventing the passage of electrolyte when charging the battery. Because of this fault, resistance inside the battery with a simultaneous decrease in its capacity increases sharply. As a result, the battery begins to rapidly charge. The values \u200b\u200bof electrolyte and voltage temperatures are also noticeably growing, which entails a sharp release of gases. After installing in the car, such a battery is extremely quickly discharged.
Sulfate battery plates
Sulfate may occur due to the discharge of the battery less than 10.2 V, its long-term storage is in a state of discharge, too low level Electrolyte in banks, its low density or contamination by third-party impurities.
The battery is reduced only with a slight sulfate. If the process went far, then the battery will have to be changed. The recovery process is to carry out multiple charging cycles - battery discharges.
First you need to make a complete charge of the battery and bring the density value of the electrolyte to a value of 1.285 g / cm3. This can be done, poured a more dense (1.4 g / cm3) electrolyte.
Attention! In no case do not add acid! It will only aggravate the situation.
If there is a need to reduce density, it will be necessary to add distilled water.
After that, it is necessary to retail the time and discharge the current with a current of about 0.5 A, using the incandescent lamp. It is necessary to achieve a reduction in voltage in each bank to 1.7 V either to 10.2 V in the entire battery. Next, using the size of the discharge current and the time spent, the real capacity of the battery should be determined. If its value is lower than the nominal, then the charge-discharge procedure will have to be repeated. Practice shows that in most cases it is enough to carry out 3-4 charge-discharge cycles. Having achieved the nominal value of the container, you can read the battery restored, put it for charging and, at its end, operate in normal mode.
Short circuit
This defect may occur when separators malfunction or plates in the process of discharged with high-pressure current (long-term use of the starter, or a schrah sample). The active substance begins to penetrate the crack through the crack plate. Slipping down, it fills inner space and connects the diverse plates. The value of the discharge current increases, which leads to the output of the battery.
Damage to the separators of the battery plates
Troubleshooting consists in adding a special desulfatoric additive to the electrolyte. Previously, its density must be brought to 1.28 g / cm3. The resulting mixture for complete dissolution should be left for 48 hours, and then pour into the battery and again measure the density value.
If its value has not changed noticeably, then you can proceed to the charging process - discharge, which should be repeated several times. If the battery does not heat the battery in the charging process, and the electrolyte does not boil, then the current strength can be half reduced. If two hours later, the density value has not changed, the charging can be stopped.
With a noticeable change in the density value, more than 1.28 g / cm3 in the electrolyte it is necessary to add water, and with a deviation in a smaller side - sulfuric acid. By bringing the density value to the nominal level, you can repeat the charging process.
There are also cases when dirt, fat and moisture create a conductive layer, which will slowly kill your battery, and discharge under the "zero" in the winter. This phenomenon is quite rare and the mechanic may not know about him or simply miss that in the end will lead to an erroneous recommendation on the replacement of the battery. Leakage is easy to check with the help of a multimeter, eliminating premature spending.
Battery leakage
Reverse charging
The process consists in changing the polarity of the battery. Before restoring the car battery in this way, it is necessary to find a powerful voltage source of at least 20 V and current at least 80 A. It is quite suitable for the welding machine.
To begin, it is necessary to open the jacks of cans and connect the "plus" of the voltage source to the "minus" battery, and the "minus" of the source to its "plus". Then you can proceed to the charging process for half an hour. The electrolyte will boil violently. Upon completion of charging, turn off the equipment, drain the electrolyte, rinse the battery hot water And pour fresh electrolyte.
After that, using the usual 10-15 ampere charger, the ACB should be charged during the day. It should be remembered that the polarity of the battery has already changed.
After performing this process, the battery when properly operation May serve for a few more years.
Unqualified AKB
Almost all new models of cars are established so-called, which, according to manufacturers, should not distract attention. However, their operation and charging is characterized by some nuances.
First of all, it should be remembered that in the warm season such batteries are recharged in the car constantly. But their charging with a special device is more gentle and correct than a constant feeding from the autogenerator.
The situation varies significantly with the arrival of winter. In the frost, the lubricant in the engine is thick and the start current of the larger value is required for its launch. This can lead to a rapid battery discharge. Therefore, charging a non-servant battery in winter is an urgent need.
This process must be carried out very carefully, as it is impossible to determine the value of the electrolyte density. You can rely only on the value of residual voltage and draw conclusions from the current situation.
A partially charged battery should be continuously charged about three hours of voltage supply of 14-14.5 V, controlling only the value of the current for the current - from 25 A at the very beginning of the process to 0.20 and with full charge.
For a fully discharged battery, the charging cycle should last no less than a day and is carried out with a maximum of attention. The voltage regulator must be set to a value, numerically equal to ten percent of the capacitance of the charged battery in the amps-hours. At the first signs of active gas formation, the process should be discontinued. Upon completion of the charging, it is necessary to check the voltage value for compliance with the nominal value.
Oxidation of terminals
To prevent most of the problems of the automotive battery, it is enough to periodically clean contact terminals and conclusions, and once every six months to carry out its full charging using a stationary device. A regular care for rotating and driving parts of the engine and starter will extend the battery life of at least up to 5 years.
The performance of the automotive battery is limited. When he fails, many just buy a new one. But almost every battery can be restored so that it still serves.
1 Battery Malfunctions - Symptoms of Disease
In the closed plastic container there are positive and negative plates. Inside the solution of hydrochloric acid is poured, referred to as an electrolyte, forming a galvanic pair with lead plates. The terminals serves a current from charging device or generator. When it is accumulated enough, the car battery becomes the source of electricity. It is spent on the engine start, the operation of the instruments and lighting.
The generator fills the loss of energy, but with time different reasons the accumulated stock is not enough for normal start Engine. With the correct operation, there is a temporary factor: the plates are aging. Under certain conditions, you can restore the battery, breathe a new life into it. There are several resuscitation methods. To choose the most suitable, we first determine the reason for the inoperability.
The most common cause of dying is sulfate lead electrodes. The discharge is accompanied by the formation of plates on the plates. If you do not allow critical discharges, then when charging the crystals dissolve. But the causes of sulfate not only in deep discharges. It is also caused by other circumstances: permanent underwear, long storage in the discharged state.
Sulfate is quite easy to determine visually. We unscrew the plugs and inspect the plates. Light white-brown flare testifies to the presence of a process. Other features, including non-maintained acidic batteries:
- when charging, begins to boil very quickly;
- a fully charged battery does not twist the motor, sits in a few minutes from a regular light bulb;
- white bloom on the housing.
The second common fault is destroyed plates, their sprinkle. It is easily determined by black battery-colored acid. If there have been a lot of grilles, liven up such a voltage source is unlikely to succeed.
Neighboring plates can be closed. This occurs as a result of their deformation or sprinkling and formed at the bottom of the sludge. The closure occurs, as a rule, in one of the sections. A clear sign of KZ - electrolyte when charging in that jar does not boil or boils later, but the voltage indicator does not grow or grow very weakly.
Finally, the acid electrolyte can freeze. This happens when storing a strongly discharged battery in the cold. The ability to restore depends on the degree of damage to frost. If the ice-generated ice ripped the plastic case, then the plate, probably, was quenched, and they were closed, after defrosting, they will begin to crumble. If the housing is whole, wech the heat, and you can try to restore.
Any repairs start with cleaning. We remove the dirt from the surface, rinse with soda solution to neutralize the electrolyte, which is almost always on the lid. Cleans the terminals from the plaque with a small sandpaper. By the way, try how a car battery works with cleaned terminals. Often their oxidized surface does not allow to charge normally and to give electricity.
2 Simple desulfation - we use the usual charger
If the battery is overwhelmed, and the plates did not appear (electrolyte clean), it is possible to restore it using a simple charger. We need to break the flare on the plates. In serious literature, a pulse charging is recommended, alternation with discharging, strict hold of modes. Manually do it quite difficult, and special chargers are expensive.
In practice, everything can be done much easier. We use the simplest memory with a small alteration. We throw smoothing filters at the output of the lowering transformer. Instead, we establish a diode rectifier. Each of the four diodes is designed for current 10 A.
It will take a carometer to control the density of the electrolyte. We check it in all banks, recording the indicators. If there are 1.20 and lower, it's time to act. We look after the level: if there is an insufficient, pour the electrolyte standard density so that it closes the plates by 1 cm. We connect the charger, set the current 10% of the tank. If we have a battery of 60 Ah, then 6 A, you can less: 3-5 A.
In a simple memory, without fixing the parameters, the ammeter will first show some increase in current, then it will decrease, and the arrow is zoked in a certain position. From time to time, we watch the process in order not to miss the boiling start. After it, the current is reduced to 2 A, we continue to charge until it starts boiled again, and another 2 hours after that.
After graduation, the density is measured: it grows slightly. Leave the battery disconnected from the charger at the same time that it was charged. Again, we measure - we observe a small increase in density. If it has not come to normal, repeat the cycle. One day is left, usually the recovery occurs after 3-4, sometimes you have to repeat 5-6 times.
Never add an acid to an accumulated accumulator: it will only speed up the process and can lead to the death of the aggregate.
3 Second Method - Cycled Charge-discharge
There are automatic charge devices like "cedar" and similar. In the process of charging, they are independently disconnected at the right time. Pre-conduct a complete charge to the highest possible level. Then 3-5 days turn on in the workout mode. In parallel, we cling the light bulb from the rotary lamp, press the corresponding button. The process is true: about a minute there is a charge, then 10 seconds discharge. After training, I charge finally.
Developed several schemes homemade devices, Like the factory, give a short pulse charge current and spend a small discharge in the intervals. The figure shows a diagram for which it is not difficult to create such a device if there is knowledge of radio engineering.
We connect it to the terminals and watch the LEDs. Green glow speaks of readiness for operation, and yellow and red - about the need for desulfation. We carry it out like this:
- we connect the device for a while until it is completely discharged (the D1 LED goes out);
- connect the memory and charge;
- we repeat the desulfate until green diodes D7, D8 appear.
Perhaps the process charge-discharge will have to repeat repeatedly. In particularly launched cases goes week and more. The feature of the device is that it consumes only 20 mA, it can be connected to on-board network. It will constantly maintain the right state of the battery without affecting the operation of the generator.
If there is no pulse memory, but we cannot do it yourself, we try to use manual mode. We take a simple charger with fixed settings. I exhibit 14 V and 0.8 A, we leave for 8-10 hours. The voltmeter will show the increased parameters. Be sure to leave for a day to settle and charge again, but the current 2 A. Voltage with density will increase a bit.
Run the process of desulfation. Connect the light bulb far Light. For 6-8 hours, we see the voltage drop to 9 V, we no longer admit - this is what we need. We will have to control the voltmeter. We repeat the cycles:
- night - I charge 0.8 A current;
- day costs;
- again the night - Charging 2 A.
Depending on the degree of launching, the process takes up to two weeks. A fully discharged battery is restored by 80%, which is enough to start the engine.
4 Change the electrolyte - return to the life of short-circuited batteries
If the liquid in banks has gained incomprehensible color: turbid, black, it will have to be replaced. This happens in very old, long-used batteries and short-circuit. In general, if the CW occurred due to lattice warp, it is possible to reanimate only by physical intervention.
On old batteries it was done simply: each bank was separate. Short-accumulated opened and installed new plates. Now all individual elements are enclosed in the common case, and such intervention is difficult, but maybe. On how to do it, tell me further, and now, how to change the electrolyte.
A short circuit is determined by black color, which has already been mentioned, and in charge. All banks begin to highlight the gas, and the shortly accumulated this does not happen. Further drain the electrolyte, pulling the pear. It is possible from one container, and better from all - the fill with fresh electrolyte does not prevent. Finding distilled water further, we slightly we swing the housing and carefully drain. Do not turn over so that the sludge is not stuck between the plates. We repeat until the water becomes clean.
In a bank with KZ, we resort to a more radical way. Serve a small hole 4-5 mm in the bottom of the housing, we drain the electrolyte and rinse with distilled water. All the sludge goes away, nothing remains. Hole close the plastic, applying a soldering iron. If the plates are not fed, then it will be enough to change the electrolyte.
The further process is happening like this:
- Pour the electrolyte with a density of 1.28. It is possible in two days to dissolve in it a pre-special additive for desulfation. Let's give to the day to come out.
- I charge 0.1 A current to the full density restoration, watching that there is no rapid boiling and severe body heating. If necessary, turn off, let it cool. We charge to 14-15 V.
- We look at the testimony of the area, reducing the current and leave for 2 hours. If during this time the density did not change, stop charging.
- We discharge a current of 0.5 a to 10 volts. If the indicator fell to this mark earlier than in 8 hours., Cycle repeat. If not - just charge to the nominal indicators.
And now about replacing the plates in an unclear battery with your own hands. Around it on top of cut plastic. Jumpers going to neighboring banks, disconnect in any way: we disappear or cut. We take out the package and rinse well in water to wash off the residues of the acid. Now we are looking for where it closes. We look at the plates and dielectric. Task: detect a particle that connects two plates.
Found - well, we remove it. First you should rinse, removing the whole thing, the package is installed in place. We restore the jumpers, glue the cover using glue, epoxy resin or melting with a soldering iron. Pour electrolyte and charge. If the plates are fused, you can use them from another old battery, selecting the least damaged package.
All work should be carried out in gloves and indoors with sufficient ventilation, and better in air: sulfuric acid and gases can cause harm to health.
5 chatter - the last chance in hopeless situation
If a strong voltage drop occurred in one of six tanks, when charging the poles change its value. A chain reaction is provoked, which leads to the same consequences in neighboring banks. The causes of the occurrence of such a situation are:
- excessive sulfate, non-recovery;
- incorrect connection of the battery for charging, which does not have protection against cords;
- dirt on the housing causing a constant self-discharge;
- the discharge is not controlled, a strong discharge occurred repeatedly;
- errors in the operation of the generator and other power supply and consumption devices.
The method of cakes is considered to be barbaric, but in other ways resuscitation is impossible. If there is a failure, there is nothing to regret, still the battery had one way - disposal.
To begin with, select the electrolyte from all cans with a carometer and look at the indicators. Reveal fully workers, patients and dead. Dead, as a rule, a little: one or two. Restore the container, by and large, follows only from them. But the solid body does not provide disassembly. You can use the technique described above to get to the defective banks.
We will tell you how to reassure all the containers at home, without resorting to the disassembly:
- First we discharge the old battery to zero, connecting some load, such as a car light bulb. We measure the voltage: if something remains, closing the terminals.
- In the rupture of the minor terminal of the charger, we include ballast resistance. Summer resistor 50 com. It will protect the plates from short circuit.
- Connect the wires from the memory in reverse polarity. Plus - to "minus" battery, minus - to "plus".
- We charge the current consisting of 10% of the container. The charge is gaining enough quickly, but the body is very heated.
- Lower the current to 2 A and continue to charge. Let me get bored with a low current 2 hours and turn off.
Checking the density: in normal containers it drops, in the killed rises. Further we carry out a strong discharge, closed the terminals. Connect to the charger, observing the correct polarity. We charge according to the above scheme. To restore it is recommended to make a reversive twice.
You should not resort to ignition when there are such signs of malfunction:
- in banks black electrolyte;
- short circuit;
- insufficient density level.
First, we use repair methods for a particular case, and if it does not help - we use the ransom.
Probably, every car enthusiast at least once came across a situation where for some reason refused to work. it serious problemif you need to urgently go somewhere. Many will go and acquire a new battery. But, knowing, at home, you can not only restore the battery, but also to extend the life of its operation for a few more years.
How batteries are arranged, the principle of work
The battery is a hermetic plastic container, inside which negative and positive lead plates are installed. In modern models, the plates can be not only from lead, but also nickel, cadmium and other alloys.
The inside is also sulfuric acid - thanks to it, a galvanic pair is formed.
When the current terminals are driven by the battery, the accumulation of energy will begin. When the capacity of the capacity is reached, the AKB will turn into a source of energy with a voltage in 12 V.
Every time the car owner turns its car, the battery loses part of the energy. But as soon as the engine starts, the generator must fill the energy reserves. But it is only ideal. Therefore, sometimes to the limit, but how to reanimate the battery, car enthusiast, especially a beginner, does not always know. The reasons for which the battery fails, a lot. Statistics says that a large amount of batteries fails due to sulfation and sinking of smeared.
Sulfate - one of the reasons for the exit of the battery
So, typical battery - These are lead plates in sulfuric acid. This metal is easily destroyed by the impact of weak acids, for example, acetic. But the sulfur for him is not at all dangerous, even if it is very concentrated or heated. A film that is formed as a result of a sulfuric acid reaction and lead protects the metal from the destruction.
The battery is a source of electricity of chemical type. If the battery is charged, then sulfuric acid - in electrolyte. With a discharged battery, it is on sulfate electrodes. The operation is reversible when charging and this is a normal process.
If you leave the battery for a long time discharged, then lead sulfates will be dissolved, and as a result they will begin to form on electrodes in the form of large insoluble crystals.
Sulfate layer - insulator. As a result, part of the battery capacity is lost, and if the battery has long been in a state of discharge, it will die.
Diagnose sulfate is very simple - the battery capacity is rapidly lost, insufficient power to start the engine, the electrolyte boys and the plates overheat. There is also a higher voltage on terminals.
Calcium sulfates
In modern batteries, lead is doped with calcium. This allows you to reduce virtually minimizing water boiling and reduce self-discharge. However, if the battery was discharged quite strongly, the electrodes are covered to charge this acb completely will not succeed. Due to the fact that such a battery increases, it is believed that it needs to be charged with voltages from 15 V. This is an error. You need to know exactly how to reanimate the battery, otherwise you can kill it at all.
Sowing coal plates
It is also a fairly common cause, which fails. Diagnosis to deliver easily - sulfuric acid will darken. In this case, there is a risk of death of the battery - unfortunately, such a task, how to reanimate the car battery, in this case Not solved.
Lead acb in the course of evolution changed many times and upgraded.
However, the principle of operation remained all the same. On the plates applied paste oxides of lead. This item or soda is held on the electrodes due to coupling properties and design plates. It crepts as a result of vibrations, sulfate, temperature fluctuations. The crying process is quite natural. This speaks about the aging of the battery. If you treat the battery neatly, the service life will increase significantly.
How to reanimate car battery
For reasons, everything is clear. IN warranty Talons On cars for this case, the driver will find only a recommendation for replacing the battery. But there are options for restoring the power supply.
How to raise the container and density
The main way that is used for batteries the most different modifications- This is a smaller charging. The battery is quickly charged and also discharged. In a short period of time, the power source ceases to take the charge. Here it is necessary to take a pause, and then repeat the cycle.
It is necessary to know exactly how to reanimate the car battery - when choosing incorrect charge parameters, you can completely destroy the battery. Thus, the current of the current should be only 4-6% of the battery capacity. For example, for 60 AC batteries, the charge current is allowed not more than 3.6 A.. Often, the time of one such cycle is about 6-8 hours. Pause - from 8 to 16 hours. For recovery, 5-6 such cycles may be needed.
It is possible to stop the procedure if recovered and the voltage level is in the limits permissible for a particular battery.
Restoring procedures at home
This option is suitable for those who do not have time. Experienced motorists use it for a long time. If someone did not know how to reanimate the battery, then this method involves dissolving sulfates by washing with special solutions.
First of all, the battery is charged to the maximum of its capabilities. Next, the electrolyte is drained, and the insides are washed with distilled water with 2-3 times. Then the cavity is poured and the trillion b and leave the battery for an hour. When the reaction is over, it will be visible. Gas release will stop. Then the process should be repeated if the plates were not cleaned enough. After all, the battery is washed again, the electrolyte is poured and charged with a standard way.
How to reanimate the old car battery
Manufacturers of the battery are recommended to throw out old batteries at the end of the term. Do not hurry with this - there is an opportunity to revive them. Today in many cities there are companies on the buying of old batteries - they are reanimated and then sold at an acceptable cost.
If one such is one in the garage, you can try to return to him the hadacities. One should only know how to reanimate the old battery so that everything happens. After all, even the Chinese battery will cost at least 2000 rubles, and these are any, but still money and they can be saved.
Getting processed
First of all, define faults. Black electrolyte is destroyed coal plates. The container fell - sulfate. There is also a closure of plates, but on how to reanimate the battery with such a problem - we will tell below. Heavy case - swollen Bock battery. Here only replacement.
How to treat closure plates
To eliminate this problem will help a special additive.
It is added to the electrolyte, the density of which is 1.28 g / cc, cm, and leaves there for two days. After that, the mixture is poured into the battery and the density is measured. If the indicator remains at the same level, it is charged and discharged. If heating or boiling is not observed during the process, then the current can be reduced twice.
After two hours, the density of the electrolyte is measured again. If it is normal again, charging stop. We can assume that the battery is restored. If the density has grown, plotting water. When it decreased, then sulfuric acid. After that, he is charged again.
Circuit repair: Method number 2
To eliminate the closure, the problem zone is burned with large currents. To do this, it is enough to connect the battery to the welding machine with the current should be from 100 A. The chain is closed only for a couple of seconds.
On the maintenance-free AKB
Manufacturers have made these batteries so that they are simply changed.
On how to reanimate unqualified battery, In the instructions they do not write. But there is still a way.
The first thing is poured the electrolyte, and replace it with distilled water. Next, the battery is charged on a constant voltage in 14 V. in a few hours it is necessary to listen to what happens inside the battery. The process must be accompanied by the formation of gases. With intensive selection, the current is reduced.
In two weeks, the battery will turn water into the electrolyte, and lead sulfate is converted into sulfuric acid.
After two weeks, the contents merge and water poured again, and this process is repeated again. When the desulfation is completely over, you can pour a normal electrolyte and charge the battery with standard parameters.
How to reanimate the battery, the modern manufacturer does not tell. All these methods are used by motorists themselves, at their own risk. The main thing is to accurately comply with these recommendations, and then there is a chance that the battery will revive and will delight your owner for many years.
So, we found out how to reanimate the car's maintenanceable battery.
Modern car batteries can easily serve up to five, or even seven years. After this period, they cease to keep charge, and their capacity is hardly enough for the start of the engine. If a similar story happened to your battery, most likely you have to buy a new one. What to do with the old? It can be simply drove it, pass to the reception item, or try to restore.
The recovery of the battery will take, of course, a certain time, and the warranty that the battery will no longer have anything. And if it happens, it will never be the same, so we would not recommend it as the main battery for the car. But it can be successfully used as a backup battery, as well as for other purposes where autonomous energy source is required.
Why the battery "agrees"
To understand what happens with the battery with time, consider the chemical processes occurring inside the classical serviced acid Lead Acb. So, in the process of working a good battery on its minor plates, particles of active lead are sediated, on positive - its oxide. In terms of discharge, a reverse process occurs, as a result of which lead reacts with an electrolyte, forming sulfate. Salt settles with small crystals on the plates. Over time, these crystals increase by forming a layer of practically insoluble deposits, due to which active substances are gradually ceased to recover. This process is called sulfate. It leads to a decrease in capacity rechargeable battery and an increase in its resistance. What does it mean? The battery capacity directly depends on the area of \u200b\u200boperating plates, which is increased by cells and ribs. The sulfate shall on them turns the grille into one plane, reducing its area. In addition, its layer prevents the electrolyte access to active substances, exacerbating the situation.
Salts of lead, and sulfate, among other things, have a sufficiently high electrical resistance, which makes it difficult to move the movement of particles of active substances from the electrode to the electrode. This leads to a decrease in operating voltage, as well as an increase in the electrolyte temperature, which contributes to the sulfate process. This is such a closed circle.
In addition, and high temperatures to sulfate can lead:
- high current discharge;
- low discharge voltage;
- deep discharge;
- long storage period without use in discharged state.
I diagnose battery
Before you begin to save the battery, you need to make sure that it does not quite "died", otherwise all our attempts may be vain. In addition to sulfate, there are other reasons for which the battery can completely fail, and it is unlikely to restore it. These include:
- the closure of lead plates arising when the electrolyte and heating the electrodes (the chances of restoring a little, but you can try);
- damage to coal plates, a sign of which is a black electrolyte (you can never try to reanimate the battery);
- the freezing of the electrolyte, characterized by bloating cans (you can immediately throw out or passing into acceptance).
So we got to the conclusion: to reanimate the battery is possible only with a moderate sulfate and non-critical closure of the plates.
We start diagnostics. To do this, check the voltage in each of the cans. If you have a suspicion of closure in a specific bank, pay attention to how different the voltage from neighboring cells is distinguished. If the difference exceeds 0.5 V, your suspicions are not unfair.
Unscrew the jams of cans, and check the electrolyte level using a glass stick. It should not be below 10 mm from the top surface of the lattice. If in the bank that you suspected of closing the level below, or is not determined at all - this is evidence that the electrolyte in it has flipped it, and therefore, there is also a closure.
Put the rubber gloves and drain the entire electrolyte from the battery in some kind of dishes. Do not be afraid to shake it. You will see how, along with an electrolyte from cans, lead sulfate particles come out. After making sure that the electrolyte does not contain coal dust, indicating the destruction of coal plates, you can proceed to its recovery.
Desulfation using chemicals
Let's start with the simplest - the use of chemically active substances that allow you to get rid of lead sulfate on the plates. In automotive stores, you can purchase special desulphous additives intended for these purposes. We buy an additive, distilled water and fresh electrolyte.
Prior to the start of the recovery procedure, it is recommended to rinse the cans with hot water until the deposits are dispelled. When the banks are clean, dissolve the additive in the electrolyte in accordance with the instruction, and let it completely dissolve (it can take up to 2 days). Pour the solution into the battery, bring its density to optimal (1.28 g / cm 3). Connect charger, We set the charging current of not more than 0.1 A, and give ankb to boast until the voltage on the terminals will reach 13.5-14.4 V.. Watch that the electrolyte does not boil! Next, reduce the current up to 0.05 A, and continue to charge until the voltage and density remain unchanged for two hours. After charging, we measure the density and, if necessary, bring it to optimal.
Now connect to the battery terminals with a load with a load of 0.5-1 A, and we wait until the voltage falls to 10.2 V. Next, repeat the charging cycle of the discharge 2-3 times. Do not forget to control the density of the electrolyte.
Instead of additive and electrolyte for desulphation, an ammonium solution of a trilder (sodium of ethylenediaminetetrauxus-acid) can be used. He is poured into the banks and give him time to "work" 40-60 minutes. The process occurs with the active separation of gas. Termination of gas formation indicates the completion chemical reaction. After completing this procedure, the liquid is drained, and the banks are washed with distilled water. After that, the battery is charged according to the algorithm described above.
A solution of ordinary food soda can also be applied as a chemically active substance, but this method will not bring the desired result.
Desulfation of distilled water
This method requires even more time, however, hurry here and not worth it. It is more suitable for acb, in which the level of sulfation is minimal.
Washing banks, as described, fill in them distilled water so that it covers the plates. Do not twist the plugs, connect the charger, set the voltage at the level of 14 V, and leave to charge for a couple of hours. When water boils, reduce the voltage by achieving the minimum gas formation. Attention, water should be boiled, but at a minimum! Withstand the battery in such charging mode, and even better two. During this period, the water will turn into a weak electrolyte due to the dissolution of sulfate and transform its particles into sulfuric acid molecules.
Drain the cans of the liquid and fill them with pure distilled water. Repeat the process until the water stops turning into the electrolyte (measure its density with the range). At the end of the procedure, pour a full-fledged electrolyte into the banks and charge the battery in the usual way.
Elimination of plates closure using high value current
The method with the use of "shock therapy" is recommended to be used only in extreme cases when other methods of hopes were not justified. It consists in using a powerful impulse to eliminate the closure between the plates in the bank. As a source of such a pulse, a transformer welding machine, an outstanding current within 80-100 A and a voltage of 20 V.
The advantage wire is connected to a minus battery terminal, and the "mass" is served on a plus. In this case, the electrolyte is not drained, just unscrew the plugs.
The battery serves a voltage within 30 minutes. Naturally, the electrolyte will boil during this time, but do not pay attention to it. Withstand time, drain it, rinse the jars hot water and pour a new one. After therapy, charge the battery in the usual way, observing the reverse polarity.
In addition, watch the video:
With the arrival of cold days, most motorists begin an ordinary bustle of care for their iron four-wheeled horse. In the list necessary work Oil changes, spark plugs, cake and tire balancing.
It would seem that you still need to comfort a car in the most unfriendly weather? But often unnoticed exactly most importantly in this case. Namely - car battery.
Causes of car battery failure
Problems with this unit may occur, as a rule, due to improper storage or use of the battery. But in one case or another, if the problem is not started to an extremely degree, the recovery of the battery is still possible.
One of the most common occasions of failure automotive battery There are superfluous deposits of sulfates on the plates. In such cases, the container of this unit falls almost to zero. The only thing that can delight in such a situation is - this is not a sentenceand repair is not difficult enough to resort to the services of masters or buy new battery. To eliminate such a fault, it is recommended to buy a special solution that removes sulfate deposits. A small amount of this substance is poured into the battery along with distilled water and all this is placed on recharging.
If the situation was not too critical, then these simple actions are quite enough to restore work. If, after the work performed, the result does not correspond to expectations, it is worth carrying out the following manipulations.
1. The battery must be charged to a maximum, then merge the existing electrolyte, rinse for three, and better four times, times with distilled water.
2. Then the special solution is poured for desulfation. Waiting time - approximately about an hour. During this procedure, it can be observed as a reaction occurs. In difficult and launched cases, this manipulation should be repeated several times.
3. Upon completion, it is also washed with distilled water. After the electrolyte is made and charged to the maximum.
Destruction of Rechargeable Battery Plates
The next reason for the battery failure can serve the destruction of coal plates. As a rule, with similar damage, the electrolyte inside the electrolyte.
In this case, the restoration of the battery own forcesMost likely it will be impossible. If, of course, the one who will try to restore it will not be a professional master of repairing units of this type.
Circuit between plates of different polarities
Another type of malfunction in the work of the electric heart of the car can be closed plates. Fortunately, there are several ways to solve this problem.
The most reliable way The use of a additive that is poured into a new electrolyte and is there for approximately two days. At the end of this period, this mixture is poured into the battery, charging and discharge. If the boiling process is not observed, it means that the operation has been successful and the battery can be charged to complete.
Another way Also existing, but requires special skills and greater precautions. The battery is connected to a welding unit with a straightened diode and give strength to a hundred ampere. The chain closes literally for a few seconds. If you keep it closed longer, then you can accidentally transfer the battery from the category "restored" into a completely opposite category. Therefore, it is worth using this method exclusively in the presence of handling skills with a welding machine and strictest safety observance.
Not all batteries can be restored
In addition to batteries, which are allowed to recover, the market is filled and such types of batteries that resuscitation is not subject to. Manufacturers are specifically done so that after a certain period of work, which, as a rule, does not exceed three or five years, the car owner has been forced to buy a new component of this format. Of course, there are craftsmen on the light that can restore and a similar type of batteries, but this procedure is not safe and in illiterate handling can lead to expensive repair not only batteries, but also a significant part of equipment adjacent to it.
Restoration at home
Recovery of the battery is quite possible on its own. For someone, it is not even a problem. But it is worth remembering one thing - inside the battery, the fact that a gentle word is called "Electrolyte", essentially acid. It is capable of turning any cloth with which it gets in the dust.
And if you shed this fluid on yourself, you can not only spoil the thing, but also get chemical burns of various degrees of gravity, the treatment of which is much more complicated by thermal. Restored battery will last another year, a maximum of two. And the consequences of careless handling of acid will remain forever.
It should be strictly followed by security requirements
Conduct all work in special gloves and glasses
The room should be well ventilated
It should be carefully monitored behind the electrolyte temperature during charging and prevent overheating.
Do not allow the breeding of open fire indoors and smoking.
* Be careful not to comply with these rules, can lead to serious injury.
