Traction lithium-ion batteriesTesla, what is inside?
Tesla Motors is the creator of truly revolutionary eco-vehicles - electric vehicles that are not only produced serially, but also possess unique indicators that allow them to use literally daily. Today we will look inside the Tesla Model S electric vehicle battery, learn how it is arranged and reveal the magic of success of this battery.
Delivery of batteries to customers is carried out in such drawers from OSB.
The largest and most expensive spare part for Tesla Model S is a block of a traction battery.
A block of a traction battery is located in the bottom of the car (in fact it is the floor of an electric car - the car), due to which Tesla Model S has a very low center of gravity and excellent handling. The battery is attached to the power part of the body using powerful brackets (see photo below) or performs the role of a power - carrier part of the car body.
According to the North American Environmental Protection Agency, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of one charge of the TESLA traction lithium-ion battery with a nominal 400V DC voltage, a capacity of 85 kWh, hp enough for 265 miles (426 km) of a run, which allows you to overcome the largest distance among Similar electric vehicles. At the same time, a similar car accelerates from 0 to 100 km / h in just 4.4 seconds.
The secret of Success Tesla Model S is high-performance high-efficiency cylindrical lithium-ion batteries, the supplier of basic elements of the well-known Japanese company Panasonic. There are quite a few rumors around these batteries.
ABOUTdean Is they aredanger! Keep out!
One of the owners and enthusiasts Tesla Model s from the United States decided to fully disassemble the used battery for Tesla Model S energy-intensity of 85 kWh to study it in detail. By the way, its cost, as spare parts, in the United States is 12,000 USD.
From above, the battery pack is placed heat and sound insulating coating, which is closed with a thick polyethylene film. We remove this coating, in the form of a carpet and preparing for disassembly. To work with the battery, you must have an isolated tool and use rubber shoes, and rubber protective gloves.
TESLA battery. Disassemble!
Craving accumulator battery TESLA (block of a traction battery) consists of 16 battery modules, each nominal voltage of 25V (battery pack - IP56). Sixteen battery modules are connected in series in the battery with a nominal voltage of 400V. Each battery module consists of 444 elements (batteries) 18650 Panasonic (weight of one battery 46 g), which are connected according to the 6S74P (6 elements sequentially and 74 such groups parallel). In total, in the traction battery TESLA - 7104 of such elements (batteries). Battery is protected from ambient By using a metal housing with an aluminum lid. On the inner side The total aluminum lid has plastic lining, in the form of a film. The total aluminum cover is mounted with metal screws, and rubber gaskets, which are sealed, additionally with silicone sealant. A block of a traction battery is divided into 14 compartments, a battery module is placed in each compartment. In each compartment on top and bottom of the battery modules, the sheets of pressed mica are placed. Sheets of mica provide good electrical battery isolation, and heat from the body of an electric vehicle. Separately, two of the same battery modules are placed in front of the battery under its lid. In each of the 16 battery modules there is a built-in BMU unit, which is connected to common system BMS, which manages the work, monitors the parameters, as well as ensures the protection of the entire rechargeable battery. Common output terminals (terminal) is in the back of the block of traction battery.
Before it is completely disassembled, the electrical stress was measured (it was about 313.8V), which indicates that the battery is discharged, but is in working condition.
Battery modules are characterized by a high density of elements (batteries) of 18650 Panasonic, which are placed there and the accuracy of fitting parts. The entire assembly process at the TESLA plant passes in a completely sterile room, using robots, even a certain temperature and humidity are withstanding.
Each battery module consists of 444 elements (batteries), which looks extremely similar to simple batteries - these are lithium-ion cylindrical accumulators 18650, manufactured by Panasonic. The energy intensity of each battery module from such elements is 5.3 kWh.
In the accumulators of 18650 Panasonic positive electrode - graphite, and a negative electrode - nickel, cobalt and aluminum oxide.
TESLA's loading battery Weighs 540 kg, and its dimensions are 210 cm in length, 150 cm wide, and 15 cm in thickness. The amount of energy (5.3 kWh), produced by only one block (of 16 battery modules), is equal to the number produced by hundreds of batteries from 100 laptops. To the minus of each element (battery), a wire connector (an external current limiter), which, when overcluded (or with a short circuit), burns and protects the circuit, and only a group (of 6 batteries) does not work in which this element was All other batteries continue to work.
Tesla's TESLA Battery is cooled and is heated using antifreeze-based liquid system.
When assembling its tesla batteries, elements (batteries) produced by Panasonic in various countries, such as India, PRC and Mexico, apply. Final refinement and accommodation in the battery compartment housing are manufactured in the United States. Tesla provides warranty service of its products (including battery) for up to 8 years.
In the photo (from above), elements are 18650 PANASONIC batteries (rolling from elements from the plus "+").
Thus, we learned from which the Tesla Model S. is consisting of the TESLA Battery.
Thank you for your attention!
It is powered exclusively from electricity stored in batteries.
From the beginning of the production of Tesla on its electrocars model Row Model S, and later on Model X installed the battery with a capacity from 40 to 100 kWh, each of which consists of 8, 12 or 16 sections.
Each section is interconnected by small "finger" Panasonic batteries, slightly exceeding standard AA batteries in size. TESLA cylindrical batteries have a diameter of 18 mm and a height of 65 mm. It is also worth noting that their advantage is in durability, reliability and productivity in harsh car conditions.
1 - rechargeable battery; 2 - voltage converter (DC / DC); 3 - high-voltage cable (orange color); 4 - main onboard charger 10 kW; 5 - additional charger 10 kW (optional); 6 - charger; 7 - drive module;
Battery 40 kWh.
The 40-kil-cylinder battery is two types: 40-kilowatt battery with 8 sections (segments / cells) (created on the basis of the Toyota RAV4 EV battery), and the 60-killyatt battery in which there were 12 cells and was programmed to charge up to 40 kilowatt .
Tesla Model S 40 kwh did not use popularity, so their production was soon completed.
Battery 60 kWh.
60 kW battery consisted of 12 or 16 sections. The 12-section was installed on the Model S40, the 16-section battery received the designation "NEW" and was radically modified.
Battery 70/75 kWh
In addition, this battery was installed on the Model S60 (S60D), it was also installed on the S70 (S70D) and S75 (S75D), but with
Extended features.
The 60 kWh battery for the 60th model was distinguished by the lack of 77 finger batteries, for the 70s model S, all 16 sections were filled with batteries completely, due to which the overall battery capacity increased.
Battery 85/90 kWh.
Tesla Battery 85, 90 and 100 kWh consists of 16 sections. Each cell consists of 444 "finger" batteries and has its own BMS card, which manages balancing all cells.
The most popular accumulator supplied Tesla (85 kWh), contains 7104 batteries 18650.
In 2015, Panasonic changed the anode design, increasing the battery capacity of about 6%, allowing the battery blocks to store up to 90 kW of energy. As a result, between the 90 kilowatte battery differs from 85-kil-cyllant no capacity:
- first, the battery capacity of the Panasonic 18650 in a 85-kilowatte battery has a weight - 46 grams, in a 90-kilowatte battery the same battery weighs 48.5 grams;
- secondly, there is a current time in the 85th battery - 10c, in the 90th - 25C (for this reason, Ludicrous mode is available only on Tesla with 90 and 100 kWh battery, since technical capabilities allow you to give a car more frisky dynamics);
100 kWh battery
The most powerful TESLA battery. Internal battery elements were reconfigured so that 516 18650 batteries in each module.
In total, 8256 Panasonic batteries were placed in a 100-kilowatte battery, capable of storing a little more than 100 kWh of energy, and allowing electric crafts of Tesla to pass more than 500 kilometers.
This battery has Tokotdach 25C and represents the "Last Word of Technology" in the battery engineering from the Tesla company.
And even on this, the development and improvement does not stop. To further improve the efficiency of batteries and reduce costs, Tesla has built a large battery factory in Sparks, Nevada, which is called Gigafactory 1.
The factory produces a new battery design called 2170. It has a diameter of 21 mm and a height of 70 mm, and originally used in Tesla Powerwall and PowerPack, as well as in the new Tesla Model 3 sedan, which is smaller and cheaper from Model S.
The battery 2170 is 46% more in volume than 18,650 and 10-15% more energy efficient than 18650.
It is very important to correctly charge the battery, namely, with a proper charger - original or from a high-quality manufacturer, as from homemade charger The battery overheats, bad contacts and poor quality current, as a result of which he strongly affects the capacity and durability of the battery.
During operation, the manufacturer strongly does not recommend exposing the car to the continuous effects of temperature above + 60C or below -30c more than 24 hours
It is recommended to prevent the full discharge of the battery. If the car is not operated, the energy is gradually spent on the power of the on-board electronics (the battery is daily discharged by an average of 1%).
To prevent a full discharge, it is recommended to transfer the car to the power saving mode, which turns off the power of the on-board electronics, which will reduce the discharge to 4% per month. It is also worth noting that in energy-saving mode, charging a 12-volt battery stops that for 12 hours will lead it to a complete discharge. Therefore B. this case You will need to connect to an external starting battery or replace it.
But, you should not forget that when activating the power saving mode - you need to connect the car to the power source for 2 months to prevent full discharge of the Tesla battery.
The Battery "Tesla" is known to the world, thanks to the company's breakthrough in the field of electric vehicles. The idea is not new and is mastered for many years leading automotive firms. However, American designers were able to optimize this direction, taking into account the interests of the consumer. To a large extent it became possible due to innovative energy supply systems focused on full replacement usual motors internal combustion. Consider the features and varieties of this drive.
Application
The development of fundamentally new types of Li-Ion batteries is due to the tasks of increasing operational indicators Electrocars. In this regard, the basic line of the TESLA S model is focused on providing vehicle innovative power sources. The peculiarity of lithium-ion batteries was the introduction of a combined mode of operation, in which the alternation of energy supply from the internal combustion engine and AB is allowed. At the same time, the company's engineers continue to develop machines fully independent of the usual form of fuel.
It is worth noting that engineers are not limited to the creation of the supply elements for road transport. There have already been released several versions of Tesla batteries for household and commercial exploitation. If an electrocarbon option is aimed at maintaining the operation of the running devices and side electronics, the stationary storage modifications are positioned as autonomous sources of electricity. The capabilities of the specified elements allow you to use them for the service of household appliances. Additionally, research on the accumulation of solar energy is underway. Works are still at the development phase.
Device
Batteries "Tesla" have a unique structure and method for placing active ingredients. The main difference from the analog is lithium-ion configuration. Such elements are used in the design of mobile devices and electrical instruments. AB for cars for the first time used engineers of the company "Tesla" for the first time. The entire block is divided into 74 compartments, externally resembling finger batteries. Depending on the battery configuration, it includes a design from 6 to 16 segments. A positive charge comes from a graphite electrode, a negative point creates several chemical components, including nickel, cobalt and aluminum oxide.
Akb Tesla is integrated into the machine by fixing on the bottom of the vehicle. Such a location provides a lowered electric vehicle gravity, increasing controllability. Special brackets are used as fasteners. Currently, such solutions are not so much, so often compare the specified part with the traditional battery.
Important moments relate to security and placement method. The first factor is guaranteed due to the high-strength case in which the battery is mounted. In addition, each block is equipped with a fencing in the form of metal plates. At the same time, insulation is carried out not by the entire inner part, and each element separately. It is also necessary to note the presence of a plastic overlay, which prevents entering the water.
- Converter.
- High voltage wiring.
- Basic charger.
- Additional "charging".
- Connector.
- Module.
Characteristics of the Battery "Tesla"
The most powerful variation of AB for an electric car consists of 7104 small batteries. Below are the parameters of the specified item:
- Length / thickness / width - 2100/150/1500 mm.
- Electric voltage indicator - 3.6 V.
- The volume of power generated by one section is identical to potential indicators of a hundred personal computers.
- The weight of the batteries "Tesla" - 540 kg.
- Travel time on one charge on an average 65 kW / h power element is about 400 km.
- Speed \u200b\u200bset to 100 km / h - 4.4 seconds.
With these characteristics, a reasonable question arises how long the specified structures are durable, because high performance implies intensive wear of active parts. It should be noted that the manufacturer on its products gives eight years warranty. Most likely, the working resource of the AB under consideration will be the same.
While the owners of electrical machines can not confirm or refute this fact. In addition, there are research results that say that the battery power parameter differs in its moderate loss. On average, this indicator is about 5% by 80 thousand kilometers. There are other facts that testify that the owners of the specified vehicle about problems in the battery compartment are still treated as new models exit.
Capacity of the Battery "Tesla" (model S)
Assess the capacitive characteristic of batteries is necessary, taking into account the development of production. During the improvement of the line, the indicator varied from 60 to 105 kW / h. Official information suggests that the peak capacity of the battery is about 100 kW / h. According to the reviews of the owners, the real parameter will be slightly lower. For example, the Battery "Tesla" by 85 kW, actually gives no more than 77 kW.
In history, there are also reverse examples confirming the excess of the volume. There are cases when a 100-kilowatte AB was vested with a capacity of about 102 kW. From time to time, contradictions are found in determining active feeding components. Mostly, discrepancies are observed in estimates of the number of blocks of the block. This is due to the fact that the battery is constantly being upgraded and refined, equipped with innovative elements.
The manufacturing company claims that every year updated modifications We undergo transformation in electronic details, cooled system, architecture. The ultimate task of the designers is the achievement of the highest possible quality characteristics of the product.
Version "Power Wall" (Power Wall)
As previously mentioned earlier, along with the release of Tesla car batteries, the company produces household versions of energy storage. One of the productive and recent modifications was the lithium-ion version of Power Wall. It is designed to generate energy as a permanent source or operated as a backup design by the type of autonomic generator. The model is presented in several variations that differ in capacity and employees to perform certain energy problems. The most popular versions are installations for 7 and 10 kW / h.
Regarding the operational parameters, it can be noted that "Power Wall" has a capacity of 3.3 kW with an operating voltage of 350-450 watts, the current of the current - 9 A. The weight of the design is 100 kilograms, therefore, there is no speech mobility. However, as an option, for example, for the cottage in the summer, the block is quite suitable. The node is transported without problems, since the designers pay great attention to the mechanical protection of the case part. To certain disadvantages, a long battery charging period can be attributed (12-18 hours), depending on the drive modification.
Power Pack model (Power Pack)
The specified system is based on the previous version, but is focused on commercial destination. This means that such a "Tesla" battery is used to maintain enterprises. It is an energy drive that can be scaling and providing increased system performance on the target object. It should be noted that the volume of the battery is 100 kW, and the specified container does not refer to the maximum indicator. Engineers have provided a flexible design of the aggregation of several settings with the possibility of obtaining a value from 500 kW to 10 MW.
Single modifications are also upgraded in terms of operation quality. Official information has already been received about the emergence of the second generation of commercial AB, in which the power parameter was 200 kW, and the efficiency of the efficiency was approached by 99%. The specified energy storage is characterized by technological indicators. To expand the volume, the developers used a reversive inverter.
The specified innovation made it possible to increase the power and performance of the system at the same time. The company's plans developing and implementing Power Pak cells in the design of additional solar components such as Solar Roof. This approach allows you to resume the energy potential of the battery not through special highways, but by means of a free solar flux in continuous mode.
Production capacity
According to the manufacturer itself, innovative batteries are manufactured at Tesla Gigafactory's own combine. The assembly procedure is organized with the participation of representatives of the company "Panasonic" (delivery of component elements for block segments). At the specified enterprise, the newest designs of the supply systems focused on the third generation are produced electric cars Model.
It is assumed that the combination of the number of products produced at the limiting production cycle will be up to 35 GW / h. It should be emphasized that the specified volume is half of all the parameters of the batteries produced in the world. Current service is carried out by a collective of 6.5 thousand people. In the future, it is planned to additionally create another 20 thousand jobs.
Among the features, there are a high degree of protection against battery hacking. This levels the possible risks of filling the market by counterfeit variations. In addition, the production procedure itself involves participating in the process of high-precision robotic equipment. There is no doubt that only the "Tesla" level corporations are capable of displaying all technological production nuances. Most of the organizations interested do not need plagiarism, since their own developments are intensively.
Price policy
The cost of the Tesla battery is also constantly varied due to the cheapening of production technologies and in connection with the release of updated component elements with increased operational parameters. Two or three years ago, the type of accumulative tool was sold within 45 thousand dollars (about 3 million rubles). Now the blocks have the price of about five thousand dollars (330,000 rubles).
Approximately the same value at home counterparties "Power Wall" configuration. The most expensive versions are classified a commercial battery. For example, the first generation of the specified appliance can be purchased for $ 20-25,000 (approximately 1,327,000 - 1,650,000 rubles).
Competing modifications
The company "Tesla" is not a monopolist for the release li-Ion batteries. Despite the fact that the market other brands are not so known, their parameters are quite competitive. Among popular representatives:
- The LG Korean Corporation produces Chem Resu drives, which are analogues of Teskovsky Powerwall (6.5 kW / h system costs about 4 thousand dollars or 265,000 rubles).
- The product from Sunverge has a power range from 6 to 23 kW / h, is distinguished by the ability to monitor charge and connecting to solar panels (the price is 10-20 thousand dollars or 665,000 - 1,327,000 rubles).
- electriq implements household accumulative batteries with a capacity of 10 kW / h (along with the inverter, the product will cost $ 13,000 or 865,000 rubles).
- Among the automotive competitors are allocated such firms as "Nissan", "Mercedes".
The first auto giant is manufactured by the XStorage battery series (4.2 kW / h working volume). The nuances of this modification rall a high level of environmental safety, fully corresponding to world standards for the release passenger cars. Mercedes manufactures compact versions of 2.5 kW / h. At the same time, they can be combined into increased productive systems with a capacity of 20 kW / h.
Features
Electric vehicle batteries "Tesla" and their household analogues for the mass consumer are not very accessible. With the systems "Power Wall", the situation varies somewhat due to the cheapening of the components. But the idea of \u200b\u200baggregation with blocks of solar panels has not yet been successfully implemented due to high cost. Undoubtedly, the possibility of accumulating a free source of energy is beneficial for consumers, however, the purchase of such structures will not afford most interested users.
Similar history and with other alternative drives, the principle of operation and the use of which gives a lot of advantages, but requires the use of high-tech devices and devices.
Outcome
In the battery pack for electrocars, "Tesla" is an unconditional leader. This is largely due to the use of environmentally friendly clean transport innovative equipment. At the same time, engineers of the leading company are faced with certain obstacles. For example, the Model S series with lithium-ion elements is criticized for weak protection regarding the fire of the supply elements.
However, designers constantly improve their models and are constructively referring to criticism. For example, after the only operating history, the electric vehicles of oscillation AB on the cars began to install hollow aluminum timber (to protect against obstacles to road covering), A shield from pressed aluminum and titanium slab. Anyone who bought cars before this improvement is offered to free them to recycle at stations.
New generation tesla batteries Developed in the secret zone
Alexander Klimnov, photo Tesla and Teslarati.com
Today Tesla Inc. It works very hard on the next generation of already its own batteries. They must keep a much greater amount of energy and at the same time become much cheaper.
New rechargeable batteries can begin to apply on a promising TESLA pickup (drawing of a possible pickup picap, which for other data can become more brutal, as it will have to be able to see the current bestseller of America Ford F-Series from the market)
Californians were those who created the first electric vehicles suitable for serial production. Energy-intensive lithium-ion batteries, thus, radically adjusted their stroke reserve. At that time, the batteries model Roadster - Tesla's primary brand, consisted of thousands of conventional finger batteries for laptops, now for electric vehicles lithium-ion batteries Created specifically. Now they produce many manufacturers, but the advanced TESLA technology still allows it to remain the leader in the energy-intensive battery segment. However, the world's first information about the next more powerful generation Tesla batteries.
Technological breakthrough through business absorption
The revolutionary jump, in terms of the development of the design of Tesla batteries, will probably be due to the acquisition of Tesla Inc. Maxwell Technologies from San Diego. Maxwell manufactures supercapacitors (Ionister) and actively explores the technology of solid-state (dry) electrodes. According to Maxwell, when using this technology, it has already achieved energy intensity at the level of 300 watts of the battery. The task for the future is a breakthrough to the level of energy intensity of more than 500 W h / kg. In addition, the cost of producing solid-state batteries should be 10-20% lower than those used by today Tesla with a liquid electrolyte. The California company also reported another bonus - predicted doubling battery life. Thus, Tesla will be able to reach the cherished 400 mile (643.6 km) of its electric vehicles and achieve complete competitiveness with ordinary cars by price. 
The new Tesla Roadster Supercar 2020 will be able to reach the stated stroke stock of 640 km only on fundamentally new batteries.
Tesla planned the own production of AKB?The German website of the AUTO Motor und Sport magazine informs about stubborn rumors about the deployment of Tesla's own production of batteries. Still rechargeable elements (cells) Californians supplied japanese manufacturer Panasonic - For Model S and Model X, they are imported directly from Japan, and for Model 3 cells are manufactured at Gigafactory 1 in the US state of Nevada. Production on Gigafactory 1 jointly manage Panasonic and Tesla. However, recently it led to huge disagreements, as Panasonic was obviously disappointed with Tesla sales rates, and also feared that Californians would not expand this production of batteries in the future.
Input Startup Compact Tesla Model Y In 2020, the source of batteries arrived
In particular, the rhythmic supply of batteries for an announced on autumn 2020 Model Y is questioned by the Director General of Panasonic Casukhiro Tsuga. Currently, Panasonic at all ceased its investment in Gigafactory 1. Perhaps Tesla wants to become independent of the Japanese by mastering their own production of battery elements.
Tesla today acts as a leader in high-tank batteries for electric vehicles and Californians firmly intend to defend its fundamental competitive advantage. The crucial step can be the purchase of Maxwell Technologies, but it depends on how much San Diego experts really managed to advance to the conclusion of the revolutionary technology of solid-state batteries. 
If the revolutionary technology of solid-state batteries really take place, it is possible that Tesla SEMI electric shock will become a bestseller in the cargo market, like Model 3 on the passenger
So far, many automakers are configured on their own production of battery elements. It seems that Tesla wants to become more independent of its supplier Panasonic and therefore also conducts research in this area.
With the advent of the revolutionary high-energy solid-state batteries, Tesla will receive a decisive advantage in the market and, finally, releases a long-promised Ilona mask owner, really cheap and "long-range" electric cars, which will cause an avalanche growth of the BEV market.
According to CNBC sources, the secret TESLA laboratory is located in a separate building near the Tesla plant in Frimont (photo by the screensaver). Previously, there were messages about the closed "zone-laboratory", which was on the second floor of the enterprise. Probably, the current rechargeable division is the successor of the former laboratory, but even more classified. 
A valid breakthrough in the Tesla automotive market will be able to achieve only if its line of models will become even more "long-range" with a significant price reduction
According to analysts IHS Markit, the most expensive element of the modern electric vehicle is a battery, but most of the money receives not Tesla, but Panasonic.
Insiders are not yet able to report the real achievements of the secret laboratory TESLA. It is assumed that Ilon Mask will share it at the end of the year during the traditional conference session with investors.
Earlier it was reported that Tesla plans to sell 1000 electric vehicles Tesla Model 3 per day. The current monthly record TESLA for the supply of Model 3 is 90,700 electric vehicles. If companies manage to put a planned amount of electric vehicles in June, this record can be broken.
