The most important criteria for optimizing the operation of the diesel engine are the following:
- low toxicity exhaust gases;
- low noise from the combustion process;
- low specific fuel consumption.
The moment of time in which the TNLD begins to feed the fuel, is called the beginning of the feed (or closing the channel). This point in time is selected in accordance with the period of ignition delay (or simply the delay in ignition). They are variable parameters that depend on the specific working mode. The period of injection delay is defined as the period between the beginning of the feed and the beginning of the injection, and the period of delay of ignition - as a period between the beginning of the injection and the beginning of combustion. The beginning of the injection is defined as an angle of rotation of the crankshaft in the field of NTC, in which the nozzle injected fuel into the combustion chamber.
The beginning of the combustion is defined as the moment of ignition of the fuel-air mixture, to which the beginning of the injection can affect. In the TNLD, adjustment of the start of feeding (channel closing) depending on the number of revolutions is best done using the injection advance device.
Purpose of the injection advance device
Due to the fact that the injection advance device directly changes the start of the feed, it can be defined as the feed regulator. The injection advanced device (called another injection advance) of an eccentric type converts the drive torque incoming to the pump, at the same time, carrying out its regulatory functions. The torque required by the TNVD depends on the size of the pump, the number of plunger pairs, the amount of injected fuel, injection pressure, the diameter of the plunger and the cam shape. The fact that the torque torque has a direct impact on the characteristic of the injection advance, should be considered when designing along with possible efficiency.
Fig. Cylinder pressure: A. Start of injection; B. Start of combustion; S. Delay of ignition. 1. intake tact; 2. compression tact; 3. Working; 4. Release tact from-VTT, UT-NMT; 5. Pressure in the cylinder, bar; 6. Piston position.
Injection advance device design
The injection advanced device for an inline TNTVD is installed directly at the end of the cam shaft. Basically, an open-type injection advance devices are different.
A closed injection advance device has its own reservoir for lubricating oil, which makes the device independent of the engine lubrication system. The open design is connected directly to the engine lubrication system. The device housing is attached with screws to the gear gear, and compensating and adjusting eccentrics are installed in the case so that they are freely rotated. Compensating and adjusting eccentrics are directed by a pin, which is rigidly connected to the housing. In addition to the lower price, the "open" type has another advantage that he needs less space, and it is more effectively lubricated.
Principle of operation of the injection advance device
The injection advanced device is driven by a gear gear, which is installed in the engine of the engine of the engine gas distribution mechanism. The connection between the input and the output for the drive (hub) is carried out through the blocking pairs of eccentric elements.
The highest of them, adjusting eccentric elements (4) are located in the holes in the lock disk (8), which, in turn, is fastened with bolts to the drive element (1). Compensating eccentric elements (5) are installed in adjusting eccentric elements (4) and are sent by them and bolt in the hub (6). On the other hand, the hub bolt is directly connected to the hub (2). Georgics (7) are connected to the adjusting eccentric element and are held in the starting positions with springs with stiffness variable.
Fig. a) in the initial position; b) low revs; c) average turnover; d) the final position when high revolutions; A - Injection advance angle.
Injection advance devices
The size of the injection advance device, determined by the outer diameter and depth, in turn determines the mass of the loaded weights, the distance between the centers of gravity and the possible course of weights. These three factors also determine the return of power and scope.
Fig. TNVD size M.
Fig. 1. The discharge valve; 2. sleeves; 7. Fist shaft; 8. Fist.
TNVD size M is the smallest pump in a row of rowed TNVD. It has a light alloy housing and is fixed on the engine with a flange. Access to the inside of the pump is possible after removing the plate plate and the side cover, and therefore the size pump is defined as an open type TNVD. Peak injection pressure is limited to a value of 400 bar.
After removing the side cover of the pump, the number of fuel supplied plunger pairs can be adjusted and installed at the same level. Individual adjustment is carried out by moving clamping parts on the control of control (4).
When using the pump plungers and, together with them, the amount of fuel supplied is adjusted by the control of the control in the range determined by the pump design. Traction control TNVD The size M is a round steel rod with a plane on which clamping elements (5) are installed with ducts. The levers (3) are tightly connected with each control sleeve, and the rod, glued to its end, is included in the control of the clamping element of the control thrust. This design is known as lever control.
Plungers TNVD are in direct contact with roller pushers (6), and the adjustment of the preload is carried out by selecting the rollers with the corresponding diameters for the pusher.
Lubrication of the TNVD size M is carried out by conventional oil supply from the engine. Radvd size M is manufactured with 4.5 or 6 plunger pairs (4-, 5- or 6-cylinder pump) and is intended only for diesel fuel.
Fig. TNVD Size A.
Rightened REDVD Size and with a large feed range follows directly after the M. M. This pump also has a light alloy housing and can be connected to the engine with a flange or frame. The TNVD type and also has a "open" design, and the lifelines (2) of the pump are inserted directly on top to the aluminum housing, and the injection valve (1) is pressed into the TNET body using the valve holder. The compaction pressure, which is much more hydraulic pressure when applying, should be absorbed by the TNLD housing. For this reason, the peak injection pressure is limited to a value of 600 bar.
In contrast to the TNLD type M, the TNLD type A is equipped with an adjusting screw (with a lock nut) (7) in each roller pusher (8) to install the preload.
To adjust the amount of fuel supplied using the control rail (4) of the TNVD type A, unlike the TNVD type M, equipped with a gear control instead of lever control. The toothed segment, clamped on the control sleeve (5) of the plunger, is in engaging with the control rail and to adjust the plunger pairs to the same supply, the locking screws need to be released, and the control sleeve turn relative to the gear segment and, thus relative to the control rail.
Everything adjustment work On this type, the TNVD should be carried out on the pump installed on the stand and open-ended. Like the TNVD M, the TNVD type A has a side spring-loaded cover, which should be removed to access the inside of the pump.
For Lubrication, the pump is connected to the engine lubrication system. TNVD type A is available in variants with the number of cylinders up to 12, and, unlike the TNLD type M, is suitable for fuel operation of different types (and not only on diesel).
Fig. WM. size
An inline MW size (type) of MW was designed to meet the need for increased pressure. TNVD MW is an inline closed-type TNTVD, and its peak injection pressure is limited to the value of 900 bar. It also has a lung alloy housing and is attached to the engine with a frame, a flat base or flange.
The design of the TNVD MW is noticeably different from the design of TNVD types A and M. The main difference is to use a plunger pair that includes a sleeve (3), the discharge valve and the discharge valve holder. It is collected outside the engine and is inserted on top into the TNLD housing. On the pump MW, the discharge valve holder is screwed directly into the sleeve, which protrudes up. Preliminary stroke is adjusted using adjusting washers that are inserted between the body and the valve sleeve assembly. Adjusting the homogeneous supply of individual plunger pairs is made outside the TNLD with rotation of plunger pairs. Flanges fixing plunger pairs (1) for this purpose are equipped with grooves.
Fig. 1. Flange fastening for plunger pair; 2. Inspection valve; 3. sleeve; 4. Plunger; 5. Control rail; 6. Management sleeve; 7. Roller pusher; 8. Fist shaft; 9. Fist.
The position of the PTNVD plunger remains unchanged when the sleeve assembled with the injection valve (2) rotates. TNVD type MW is available in versions with a number of sleeves up to 8 (8-cylinder) and suitable for different ways Fastening. It works on diesel fuel, and the lubricant is carried out through the engine lubrication system.
Fig. TNVD size P.
Fig. 1. The discharge valve; 2. sleeves; 3. Management thrust; 4. Control sleeve; 5. Roller pusher; 6. Fist shaft; 7. Fist.
An inline RTVD size (type) P was also designed to provide high peak injection pressure. Like an MW TNTVD, it is a closed type pump and is attached to the engine with the base or flange. In the case of a TNTVD type P, designed for peak injection pressure 850 bar, sleeve (2) is inserted into the flange sleeve, which is already equipped with a thread for the discharge valve holder (1). With this version of the installation of the sleeve, the seal force does not produce a load on the pump housing. Adjustment of the preload is performed in the same way as the MW type TNVD.
Inline TNVDs, designed for low injection pressure, use the usual fuel line filling. At the same time, the fuel passes the fuel lines of individual sleeves one after the other and in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the TNVD. Fuel enters the highway and comes out through the fuel return system.
Considering as an example version of the P8000 TNTVD type P, which is designed for injection pressure up to 1150 bar (on the side of the pump), this filling method can lead to an excessive temperature difference (up to 40 ° C) inside the pump between the first and last sleeves. Since the density of fuel energy decreases with an increase in its temperature and, as a result, with an increase in the volume, this will lead to an injection of different amounts of energy in the engine combustion chamber. In this regard, such TNLDs use transverse filling, i.e. The method at which the fuel lines of individual sleeves are separated from each other using throttling holes. This means that they can fill in parallel to each other (under right angles to the longitudinal axis of the TNVD with almost identical temperature conditions).
This TNVD is also connected to the engine lubrication system for lubrication. The PTVD type P is also available in versions with a number of sleeves (cylinders) to 12 and is suitable for operation both on diesel and on other fuels.
From gasoline is the principle of diesel fuel. Ignition fuel and air mixture in diesel engine Implemented by self-ignition of diesel fuel from contact with pre-compressed and heated as a result of such compression by air in the cylinders.
Ignition on the diesel engine involves changing the fuel injection advance angle, which is served in a clearly specified point at the end of the compression cycle. If the angle is exhibited differently from the optimal parameters, then the fuel injection will be untimely. The result will be the defective combustion of the mixture in the cylinders, which causes a destructive imbalance in the engine operation.
It should be remembered that even minor deviations when placing the fuel injection angle can lead to a serious breakage of the diesel engine.
It turns out, under the ignition system of the diesel engine it is worth understanding the most important element Power systems power aggregate -. In most diesels specifically this device In the complex with diesel nozzles is responsible for the timely dosed supply of diesel fuel to the motor cylinders.
Read in this article
How to put an injection advance angle on the diesel
The need to install the ignition on the diesel engine often occurs in such cases:
- diesel ignition needs to be corrected parallel to replace toothed belt Timing;
- after dismantling the pump, there is no possibility to install pulley fuel pump According to special tags;
One of the recommendations before the start of any work related to the analysis fuel equipment Diesel, the sharp need to make it clear and refresh all the marks. To do this, it is enough to apply small strokes with the help of paint or high-quality marker. This will facilitate the subsequent reverse assembly and the installation of PTW pulley, which will automatically eliminate or minimize potential ignition failures.
Set the ignition on the diesel engine in several ways:
- strictly by tags (subject to availability);
- method of selection by experimental means;
Installing the corner
The first way to independently exhibit the ignition angle of diesel (the moment of injection of diesel fuel) by the labels implies the fuel pump displacement. This method is suitable for diesel engine, in which the mechanical fuel equipment is installed.
The injection advance angle is regulated by turning the TNLD around the axis. Also possible way when turns toothed pulley camshaft with respect to the hub. This method is suitable for those designs in which the pump and pulley do not have a hard fastening.
- To adjust the ignition on the diesel engine, it is necessary to refer to the back of the engine and get to, if necessary, dismantle the protective casing from it.
- Next, it will be needed to detect the stopper on the flywheel, which goes into a special slot.
- After that, the flywheel must be wrapped manually (using a key or other device). Washing the flywheel means that rotates crankshaft DVS. You need to twist clockwise until the top stopper will work.
- Then pay attention to the TNVD drive shaft. It is possible that the scale on the drive coupling, by means of which rotation is transmitted, occupies the upper position. In this case, the label on the flange of the TNLD is combined with a zero label on the drive.
- After combining the labels, the fastening bolts can be delayed. Frequently from the top position of the installation scale on the drive coupling means that the flywheel stopper must be raised, after which the engine crankshaft turns on one turn again. Next again controls the position of the scale.
- After tightening the bolts of the drive clutch, the stopper on the flywheel rises, the crankshaft rotates 90 °, then the stopper is accommodated in the groove.
The final stage is to install the protection of the flywheel in place and tightening the fastening bolts. Next, the engine is started, its operation is analyzed. The unit at idle should work smoothly and gently, without failures and twigs. The tough operation of a diesel engine, accompanied, is unacceptable.
Next, you need to check the correct setting in motion, avoiding serious loads. Warm the engine to the operating temperature and appreciate the pickup power plant, reactions to pressing gas pedals. It is also necessary to monitor the color of exhaust gases, since the late fuel injection advance will be accompanied.
Selection of the right corner of injection
Configure the ignition angle on a diesel engine experimentally can be as follows:
- After installing the pulley, attempts to start a diesel engine. If the motor does not start, then the pulley of the TNVD turns relative to the belt for several teeth (2-4). Then the motor is trying again.
- The engine code after the manipulation described above has started, evaluate its work. The presence of obvious detonation knocks means that the pulley of the fuel pump should be turned onto the tooth or two in the opposite rotation of the side. The appearance of thick gray smoke can point to the late tap of injection. In such a situation, the pulley of the pump turns on one tooth in the direction of rotation.
The lack of positive shifts in the operation of the motor will require the implementation of the fuel pump spinning around the axis. By such turning, it is necessary to display the motor to the optimal mode of operation. The best option It will be the work of a diesel engine in this mode when it remains quite a bit before the start of detonation. The detonation knocks themselves are well visible in the sound of the engine.
Second available way suggests the following steps:
- Dismantling of the high pressure tube from the injectors of the first cylinder is carried out. On the removed tube you need to wear a clear plastic hose and arrange in a vertical position.
- After that, you can turn on the ignition and rotate the pump pulley. The pulley rotates as soft as possible, slowly and gently.
- Next, it is necessary to monitor the level of fuel in the tube and reveal the upper border.
- Noticing when the level of diesel fuel in the tube is the highest, on the pulley it is necessary to make a label.
- Then you need to set the crankshaft camshaft Engine.
After starting, the engine is estimated. In the case of determining the early or later angle of fuel injection, the setup operation should be repeated.
Read also
Symptoms to determine the correctness of the ignition advance angle. The consequences of incorrectly configured Woz, ways to place the ignition.
The topic - utopia, the problems of the fuel settings are dedicated to the sections of the profile forums.
Looking for experience, tips, someone else's practice there: Dieselmastera.ru, Dieselirk.ru. Newcomer + the topic "beate", experienced people were tired of poke the nose of each in the right direction, so if your enthusiasm in independent repairs And the setting will fade, the topic will soon thin and become the garbage in the forum archives.
Customize the angle as it is said in the title of the topic you need a micrometer, but this is not all the settings for the corner, it changes from non-working to idle, then to the maximum, and between the case under load (pedalings). I think you understand how much the capacious name is your topic. People with great experiences indulge in stroboscopes ... In general, the topic is the top of the iceberg, or conquer or ask for moderators to remove).
True saying about the exhaust: smelly hard-bitter and at the same time a ringing (hard) sound from Kamaz early ignition,
Smoky sweet, like bakery / fryer and soft / silent engine operation - later. These observations are made on good adjusted nozzles. The lower the opening pressure in the nozzles, the softer engine operation, should be taken into account when setting up for rumor.
At idle the pipe smells unimaginably, it is necessary on the move above 50-60km / h, the rear window and the front of half pulls into the salon.
If the consumption is in your opinion in reasonable limits - twist only the angle of the pump housing measuring the original position, on 2LT it is convenient to measure between the intake and the coordinator housing on the superior 4mm, moving to 1mm (measured by the shanks of the drill) changes 0.06mm angle measured by micrometer , those 3..4 mm there and here in your case. Returning - later, put forward to the inlet - early.
Play with this setting gives only one type of fuel. But you need to set up on the micrometer and fill a new risk. This is the starting point of a long and thorny path called the topic.
Powdish fuel (euro) ringing and the inhemilate, cheap or called cargo "according to GOST" - soft and sluggish.
These observations should be taken into account when setting up on the rumor.
In order for the car to be cheerfully and at the same time, it is necessary to configure the node of the advance piston, the head of the pump at the bottom of it. You will find a way to customize counting half of the victory. According to a respected dieselist, a device for measuring the course of this piston "extremely useful thing". Inspection and ahead of the advance control is connected directly, not counting the load corrector, using the extremely useful thing you need to have a pressure gauge with adaptation.
The motor quickly heats up this early ignition but only if you bind with it. In the summer, too, the KM drove and ready the stove of pies. In winter, very different.
It works on the cold ring - it is from "normal" to "right" and if it works noticeably softer on the progress, and at the same time turns on the warm-up are added very good. The main thing in this node so that the node does not have adjustments to the angle of the advance - insert the scope in the sprocket's axis and relying on the central nut on the extinguishing dating back to the radiator as soon as the shaft starts to turn the hand. Feel free, if there is a move Before the starts start, leave it alone, if you immediately have an effort to feel the pushes, then you need to upset so that this free move / angle. Detailed turbid and eventually useless for the manual Description of the setup is in the repair book.
Holiday greetings!
Here, the problem was drawn with me related to this topic.
I didn't have enough, mind, and Ave, and I took off my equipment without putting the label, and I did not look at, in general, as it fell.
(Gave it and nozzles to the configuration of dieselists)
Well, accordingly started as it fell, barely or rather.
Now standing under the windows and does not start at all.
You turn around - grasps once and does not develop turns.
Question is minimal: how to set up, have a job get to dieselists (ok 100 km)?
Not very cold
The bush is seen that risks on the pump and the case do not coincide,
But it seems that the TNVD is no longer native.
After replacing the timing belt or high pressure fuel pump (TNVD) on a diesel engine, a problem often arises with the search for tags for which the pulley of the pump should be set. Its incorrect position leads to a late supply of fuel and improper engine operation. To avoid this, you should act in proven way.
P & G placement sponsor Article on "How to set a moment of injection on a diesel engine" How to heated for the engine with your own hands How to remove air from the Kalina cooling system How to check DMRV on VAZ 2110
Instruction
First of all, unscrew the high pressure tube from the nozzle of the first cylinder of the engine. You put on it a transparent plastic tube so that it is directed upwards, and it was clearly visible to the level of fuel filling it. The tube must hold well on the nozzle. To secure it, use the screw clamp. Fuel should not flow!
Remove the belt of the gas distribution mechanism ...
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The principle common for all diesel engines be it BMW, Audi, FV, tractor or something else.
Here I will give two original text and my explanations. Unfortunately, I wrote to the forum, so comments are not in 3 face.
Text No.z
Sequence of the angle checking (torque) of the fuel supply: Clean from dirt and dust The body of the neck for filling the oil and the meter of hours, as well as the place of attachment of the high pressure tube of the first cylinder to the fuel pump;
Install the first cylinder piston in the corresponding termination of the compression tact (for this, they include a decompression mechanism and, rotating the crankshaft, combine the labels on the cover of the distribution gear and the leading pulley of the fan drive: when using the WTN pump with the fifth from the RISA tag "T", when applied ND-21/4 pump with the second, when using the ND-21/2 pump from the first);
Remove the body of the oil refining neck along with a motorcycle and toilize the slotted flange from the fuel gear ...
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You yourself will not exhibit it! You can even do not try!
on your experience I will tell you!
better looking for intelligent masters!
and to confirm my words ... Here is the advice:
The dynamic angle is measured by a special professional stroboscope during the engine operation on XX (740 rpm). Adjustable, naturally, on the stopped and checked again on the started. If it is necessary, the adjustment is repeated until the desired result is obtained. Professional stroboscopes have few people have, so nothing surprising that your masters have no place. It is not and here - too expensive thing. Therefore, there is a method of adjusting ahead in statics, i.e. on a fixed motor. In the static, ahead of your motor should be 24 degrees to the VMT. There are two advanced advance tuning technologies in statics.
1 - drip method. A discharge valve of 1 cylinder is removed from the pump. A discharge valve fitting returns to his place and a piece of tube is dressed on it ...
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That the fuel injection advance for diesel engines is very important, it is not necessary to explain to anyone. Naturally, for each engine speed optimally, there will be some definite angle of ahead, for example, for idling 800 rpm - this is 3 °, 1000 rpm - 4 °, 1500 rpm - 5 °, etc . To achieve such a dependence, which, by the way, is not linear, there is a special mechanism in the TNVD housing. However, it is just a piston (sometimes in the literature it is called a timer), which moves inside the fuel pressure and through a special leash on this or that angle unfolds a special washer with a wave profile. There will be a piston push further - the wave of the washers slightly takes the plunger to the plunger, he will start moving and earlier will begin to serve fuel to the nozzle. In other words, the injection advance angle depends on the fuel pressure inside the TNLD housing and on the degree of wear of the wave profile of the washer. With fuel pressure, as a rule, no problems happens. Well, unless ...
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Everything is correct for the mechanical TNVD "Bosch" or his clone "Zixel Kiki", except that high pressure tubes need to weaken to the limit, and better remove. Otherwise, with force, it is necessary to rotate the pump in one direction or another, and because of this tube, then there are in one-sided voltage, and taking into account the fact that the tubes have vibration themselves by itself in the pulses of the fuel movement under pressure 127 kg / cm, then This is fraught with the emergence of microcracks on them, which not always successfully managed to brew, I tried, I know. The size of the lifting of the PTNVD Bosch plunger is usually the same on all and depends on the volume of the engine, for example for 1.6 liters. Turbo it is 0.75 ...
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How to set the moment of injection
on diesel.
It happens that after replacing the belt of the gas distribution mechanism (TRM) or fuel pump (TNVD) on the diesel engine, it is difficult to find tags for which you need to set the pulley of the pump to ensure timely fuel supply. How to be?
You can, of course, try to "catch" the desired position of the fuel pump pulley by the method of "scientific tyk", i.e. put in one position and try to start the engine.
I did not get started - check the pulley of the pump on 3-5 teeth relative to the toothed belt to any side and try again.
I got up, but badly knocks - the early injection, it means that it is necessary to turn the pulley for 1-2 tooth against the direction of rotation and start the engine again.
I got up, but smokes and works very softly - late injection, you need to check the pump pulley by 1 tooth in the direction of its rotation.
After the rearrangement of the belt can no longer achieve accurate adjustment, it is necessary to weaken the nuts of fastening of the pump and turning ...
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Check and regulating the ahead of the fuel feed or injection on the engine
Connecting labels on the drive parts are delivered for a new pump and engine. In the process of operation, plunger pairs and gears wear out and the injection advance angle varies. Consequently, after the tag connections, the pump must necessarily check the actual angle, injection advance and, if necessary, adjust it using the adjustment device in the drive mechanism. The nominal values \u200b\u200bof the injection advance angles are shown in Table 9. The advance angles directly measure it difficult. Therefore, for each engine, auxiliary values \u200b\u200bare given (for example, the length of the arc of the circular pulley of the fan), available for measurement.
By analogy with the pump adjustment on the stand, the fuel injection advance angle on the diesel engine is determined by the time the feed start and at the time of the beginning of the fuel injection.
In most diesel engines when checking the angle of the cooler; ethnya at the time of the start of the feed ...
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Check and adjust the fuel advance angle of the YMZ-238 fuel
To adjust the fuel injection advance angle on the flywheel crankcase, two hatches are provided (see Fig. 1), and the angles are applied on the flywheel in two places. For the lower pointer 3, these values \u200b\u200bare made on the flywheel in digital terms, and for the side pointer 4 - in letter expression, with the letter "A" corresponds to a value in digital expression 20 °; the letter "b" -15 °; the letter "in" -10 °; The letter "G" - 5 °.
Rotate the engine crankshaft clockwise (if you look from the fan side) to the combination of labels on the crankshaft pulley and the lid of the distribution gear or on the flywheel with the pointer corresponding to the installation angle of fuel injection -...
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Installing the fuel injection advance angle. All you need to know not a small amount modern cars They know how to ride a diesel engine and therefore many motorists want to know about such a procedure as it is to install the fuel injection angle. Definition and It proper installation It has the cornerstone for high-quality diesel engine. It is worth noting the fact that a certain frequency of rotation has its own, universal.
There are already established indicators, for example, for 800 revolutions per minute, and this idlingThe advance angle will be 3 degrees, for 1000 revolutions it increases to 4 degrees, at 1500 it becomes already 5 degrees.
Contrary to increasing opinion, this dependence is not linear, which can be traced on the example above. To set the most optimal angle for this torque, a mechanism is established, although it is accurate, then this is the simplest piston that is sometimes called the timer. His...
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10
1 Engine ignition system - the difference between "diesel" from a gasoline engine
Due to the indicated differences in the process of igniting gasoline and diesel fuel in the engine, you can note the difference and in the ignition structure. Obviously, at least that such a system like in gasoline carsconsisting of a dispenser interrupter, switch or pulse sensors, in diesel engine not. However, in winter, it is sometimes difficult to start a diesel engine, due to the fact that the air is too cold, therefore establish a special preheating system to increase the air temperature in the combustion chamber.
It can be said that the installation of the ignition on the diesel engine is nothing but the choice of the fuel injection ahead. And this is achieved by adjusting the position of the piston, at the time of injection of "diesel" in the cylinder. It is very important, since with the wrong choice of angle injection will be untimely, and, as a result, the fuel will not burn until the end ....
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11
Glow plugs
Any carcar diesel, for a steady start, is equipped with heat candles. The main task is to warm up air and the fork meter before starting the engine. After the diesel started, the candles in the operation of the diesel engine are not involved. In some European and Japanese diesels of candles all the same work constantly or intermittently until the engine warming up and on hot but it is not necessary for sustainable work, but to reduce harmful emissions. If your forkar diesel does not start, then in 90 cases of 100, candles or heat relays are to blame. The easiest way to check the candles is disconnected from the output of the candle of the wires from the relay and touch this output by the wire from the plus of the battery. The main rule - it is necessary to concern briefly as the battery voltage of 12 - 13 volts, and the voltage supplied to the candle sometimes does not exceed six volts. In the presence of...
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The first and most important difference between the diesel unit from gasoline is the ignition system or, in other words, how the fuel is flammable in the engine.
In the motor that uses diesel fuelThe ignition comes from the fact that the diesel fuel is in contact with air heated from compression, which accumulates inside the cylinder of the motor.
When they talk about the adjustment of the ignition system in the diesel engine, under these words, the process of changing the fuel injection angle is supplied to a specific point - at the very end of air compression.
If the angle is set incorrectly and noticeably different from the required parameters, the fuel injection will occur in a non-time, which will prevent normal work Engine and can cause the most sad implications for further operation.
Also incorrectly exposed angle leads to incomplete combustion of fuel in the cylinders.
There is such a concept as earlier or later ignition.
In other words, the ignition system in the diesel engine is one of the most important components. For the supply of fuel in such an engine corresponds to a special high pressure pump - TNVD.
This device together with nozzles and determines the dosage of the diesel fuel, which is supplied to the motor.
Often the driver has to deal with what is needed by own hands Install the ignition, for example, if you need to replace the timing belt.
In the second case, the need to adjust the system appears in the case of dismantling the fuel pump.
With the analysis of the fuel equipment, the first thing is necessary to remember all tags. This can be easily done with a marker or paint. The main thing is to put the labels exactly where they are necessary.
Thanks to this, the assembly of the ignition system and the fuel system will be very simple, and it will also provide an opportunity to avoid complications with the launch of the engine.
Adjusting the ignition system can be carried out in different ways.
The first method is the installation of the angle exactly on the marked marks. The second method is a gradual selection of the correct position of the adjustment coupling.
The article will consider both methods.
For independent installation The angle of marks will need to shift the fuel pump. This method is more applicable for diesel engines with mechanical fuel supply equipment.
In order to adjust the injection advance, you need to smoothly rotate the high pressure pump drive clutch around the axis.
There is another option - this is the rotation of the camshaft pulley in relation to the hub. Such adjustment options are suitable for structures that do not have the hard attachment of these parts.
So, adjusting the ignition on the unit, the first thing you need to get to the rear of the engine, find the flywheel there and if required, release it from protective casing. After that, it is necessary to find a stopper and install it in a special slot, but still do not stop Mokhovik.
When this is done, with the help of a tool (key) you need to start scrolling the flywheel. When rotating, the crankshaft will be spinning together with it. You need to rotate until the flywheel does not stall.
After his stop, you need to pay close attention to the pump shaft. If after rotating the scale on the drive clutch occupied the position from above, it means that the label installed on the fuel pump flange is combined with a zero mark on the drive.
If the labels are combined, you can safely twist the fasteners bolts.
However, if after all the procedures they disagree, then it is required to raise the flywheel stopper again and continue the scrolling of the crankshaft, controlling the position of the drive on the drive.
If everything is done correctly, then after tightening the fastening bolts, the flywheel is released from the stopper and rotate the crankshaft 90 °. After that, the stopper is placed again in the groove.
Now you can set the handwheel protection back and try to start the engine. If the motor started working, you need to analyze how it does it. If everything was performed without errors, the engine will work very gently, without interrupting.
With the second method of adjusting the ignition, the angle is exhibited by an experimental way.
Suppose if the motor does not work, then the pulley of the high pressure pump slowly begin to scroll on a certain amount of teeth with respect to the timing belt. After this operation again try to start the motor. If it works calmly, without knocks, then everything is fine.
If there is an explicit knock, you can try to twist the pulley. The appearance of the smoke engine when starting the engine will mean that a late arbitrariness is set.
In this case, you need to turn the pulley exactly one to the tooth towards the rotation.
After each stage of adjustment, you need to try ignition and evaluate its operation.
The above methods of exposing the fuel injection angle on the diesel engine for many car owners are not difficult, however, if all of the above presents difficulty for you, contact a good motorist and it is not necessary to work in the car service.
