In the era of early automotive, before the transition to the body of the carrier structure, open versions of cars were beneficial: the body without a roof was simply cheaper. Therefore, the traditions of the cabriolet are old - including, in the USSR.
Bind-free pioneers
The forerunner of the cabriolet is the Faeton - the body whose side stool Do not hide in the doors, but are fasted separately, or there are no as such. At the very beginning of the existence of the USSR, such cars were abuse. The direct heir to the car industry of the Russian Empire - the car appeared in 1922 Prombrograph C24 / 40, he also the pre-revolutionary Roussela Balt with an identical digital index - was Phaeton, and had four doors. Such a scheme - removable top and four (not two, which is more familiar now) doors - will later become traditional and for the Soviet cabriolet.
Nami-1 car, the first copies of which were collected in 1927, was two-door, although at the development stage there was a three-door option - with a pair of doors on the left side. Nami-1 was compact, combining the ideas of "Siklcar" (car-motorcycle) and a full-fledged car.
If you do not borrow the idea of \u200b\u200bthe ridge frame borrowed from Tatra, the car was already completely independent development, including a 2-cylinder engine air cooling. With a serial assembly was a whole memory of the problems, but Nami-1 was more lucky than Prombrons, which were made only five pieces - from 1927 to 1931 at the Moscow Plant No. 4 "Spartak" was released, according to various estimates, from 200 to 500 phaetons one.
Our experience, despite the advertising of the car, rather inspired "bent" in part because, gathering almost piece, the car was very expensive - 8,000 rubles. And although later the price was reduced to 5,180 rubles, at the same time gas was existed, which was essentially an "American" Ford-A, and cost only about 2,000 rubles. However, gas-a, the most massive Soviet model of the early 1930s (almost 42,000 cars from 1932 to 1936) were their problems.
With this model, an understanding was understood that the opening machine for Russia was "not ice". More precisely, it is the most, and directly on the faces sitting in the cabin.
In 1933, a decree of the Council of Equipment was published on providing all models of cars closed bodies. GAZ-3 and GAZ-6 (Pioneer and Fordor) appeared. The era of careless adolescence in the Soviet aircraft ended.
In an attempt to "remove a hat"
Three years after the release of the mentioned ruling, it was already clearly noticeable that the Soviet car industry turned towards models with a rigid stationary riding - the GAZ-M-1 and ZIS-101 came out in 1936 were closed. But at the same time, both factory, Gorky and Moscow, worked on open modifications - Let Phaeton no longer caused the main body, from the point of view of design, such a "almost forbidden" body was attracted, perhaps, more than ever. Alas, the elegant version of the open "Emki" has not become an elegant version of the open "Emki".
At the ZIS in front of the war, you tasted with already two options under the general ZIS-102 index - both with the bottomed side windows, and with the first Soviet convertible, thus building, thus built. Alas, open cars In all versions, including those lengthening simultaneously with the main model and equipped with a 116-strong ZIS-102A engine, made only 20 or 30 pieces.
The last pre-war splash on the topic "Torn Caps" was Kim, diametrically opposite ZIS car. The laurels of the Soviet car for the people were reflected in the compact KIM-10-50, but even in a closed body they managed to release quite a bit before the war. The open version of KIM-10-51 and was built in several copies at all. And after the war, a completely different story began.
The first post-war cars focused on ordinary citizens were GAZ-M-20 victory, first collected in June 1946, and started in December of the same year Moskvich-400.
The fact is that they were also the first soviet cars from carrier bodyAnd this circumstance at times made it difficult to implement the open modification. However, the exit was found: both cars had a version in the body of a convertible, which preserved, however, the framework of the doors and roofs, and together with them a fair share of the powerful body structure of the source body.
It is hardly possible to call the convertible in the full sense (in fact, in the case of the victory of the body, the "sedan-convertible", and we even tested one such car not so long ago), but the feeling of the open car, these cars were still given. Yes, and the soft top in this version was put on the roof relatively simple and, which is especially important for our climate, reliably.
Such "partially awesome" specimens of victories that had, according to some data, their own gas-M-20B index, from 1949 to 1953 produced more than 14,000 pieces. In the same year as a sedan-convertible victory, the production of Moskvich-400-420a started in production and lasted on the MSMA conveyor until 1954 - almost 18,000 such cars were collected ... on these two cars, in fact, began and began The story of the mass domestic cabriolet ended.
Not in the salty hat
Since then niche open cars In the USSR, a steady drift in the highest class, inaccessible to simple mortal. Moreover, over time, these cars have become bar.
The 7-seater Limousine ZIS-110, appeared in production in 1945, was a framework, to design its open version was relatively simple, especially considering a small series of release. Yes, yes, this model, one might only pretend to serial: basic limousines from 1945 to 1961 released a little more than 2,000 pieces, and the Faeton score of the ZIS-110B (1949-1957), most likely goes to units or, in the extreme The case, dozens - however, it looks meager, if you do not know how everything turned in the future. There was a ZIS-110V convertible, but in total in three copies - with an electro-hydraulic mechanism of the lifting of the roof and the stalks that went to the door with the frames.
In the late 1940s, high party ranks were moved by high party ranks in the open ziras, and much later some of these cars were commissioned in a taxi in the resort cities. In the 1950s, they took parades on Red Square; Nikita Khrushchev, whose favorite car was just an open ZIS (on one of the photos it is clear that the Secretary-General was just a ZIS-110V, with squeezed frames-frames), moved on this machine in Moscow, Counting overseas guests and even spoke with her During visits to the province.
And one more car could have an open version - at the Gorky Winter, standing in the Soviet automotive hierarchy on the plans below the ZIS and after 1957 renamed GAZ-12. This model in the body has a six-bedned sedan from 1949 to 1959 and was relatively massive - more than 21,000 copies were released. Despite the main function in the form of "personalized" government nomenclature of the Minister or Secretary of the Regional Committee, the winters enjoyed the establishment of the establishment of cultural workers, art and science.
He even appeared in an open sale, unlike the "descendants" under the brand of the seagull - the truth, at a price of 40,000 rubles, which did it inadvertently; The people dreamed of accumulating 9,000 rubles to Moskvich-400 or, if he is very lucky, 16,000 rubles for victory. Yes, and an open version, despite the more or less stable "series" of the main model, the winter has never appeared - an experimental cabriolet, already photographed for advertising with the interior big familyand did not receive its own index and remained in the amount of two, or three copies.
A little more lucky car GAZ-13 Seagull - Open Gas-13B collected about 20 pieces, some of them worked in the Union republics - for example, the newsreel captured the young Alla Pugachev, which is taken to the concert, presumably in Yerevan, it is on an open seagull.
The next seagull, GAZ-14, also had a version with a lowered riding gas-14-05, but it was already extremely parade cars, and only a few pieces ... and then there were essentially, only Zilovsky "Armenia" - in the sense of convertible On the basis of Zilov (in 1956, Stalin, ZIS, was renamed Likhachev, ZIL), created for the transport of members of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee.
These machines were used for parades and festive escorts. The first in this series was ZIL-111B (1960), echoing on the style with a more modest seagull in the size of the "thirteenth" seagull. Only true celeners could reach open Zilov - April 14, 1961 Yuri Gagarin solemnly arrived from the airport to the Kremlin just at ZIL-111B. These cars were collected only until 1962, that is, before the "upgrade" of the parent model, and manually, 12-15 pieces per year. Such a piece assembly has become traditional for everyone governmental machines.
When in 1962, the basic limousine survived the restyling and shift of the index with ZIL-111 to ZIL-111G, the question arose and about the update of the phateke - despite the lowered windows, open versions of government cars were still called the old fashioned. The first "Phaeton" with the new design of the exterior received the ZIL-111D index and saw the light in early 1963, and eight cars were collected. Why there, and the limousines from 1958 to 1967 collected only 112 pieces - compare it with a two-thousandth grade of the ZIS-110, which has recently seemed so small! As if someone decided that big carsAnd even more open, in this country is no longer needed.
Actually, special needs in open machines There was no longer at the very top - the successor "One hundred eleventh", ZIL-114, which appeared in 1967, was not at all at all, the same ZIL-111B and ZIL-111D used for parades. But in 1971, the Sil-117 accompaniment sedan appeared - the essence of the shortened ZIL-114 appeared - and at its base open versions and were built, and for the first time in the history of the Moscow plant, these cars were two-door, and not four times. There were 11 pieces of such cars that had the designation of ZIL-117B, they were used on parades in Moscow, and since 1980 until 2008 - in Leningrad (St. Petersburg).
Especially similar to them, but built already on the basis of the next Limousine ZIL-4104, the Fahtons of ZIL-41044 took parades in Moscow and the longer - until 2009. The top of these machines was automatically folded in 20 seconds, the right chair, due to the specifics of the application of the car, was absent, and the cabin with the handrail and the microphone block was installed in the cabin center. In total, three such cars were created, the first of which appeared in 1981.
Only for solid gentlemen
Make this article at the beginning or at least for the middle. There were no versions of factory cabriolets in GAZ-21 and GAZ-24, on an experienced Muscovite-408 tourist interrupted the theme of open bodies on AZLK, did not create its own version of the cabriolet, Rostcher or Targa body on a vase, although they tried several times ...
The theme of open cars in the USSR gradually became more and more custom, isolated ... With the death of Zil, the pedigree and representative phaetons were interrupted, and in the modern project of the EMP (the former "tuple") open body until it appears - to deal with what already there is ...
And in the world of body a cabriolet has long been a kind of chip in model ranks Self different manufacturers - These are niche models, but they love them, and they necessarily turn their heads. Traditions of effective enhancement of body and design of easily transformed roofs have been more than half a century. We also froze the theme of open cars somewhere in the eighties-nineties, remaining the restructuring property of the "solid gentlemen".
Serial "converters" domestic production In the post-Soviet Russia never appeared. Although attempts were made - and are still being done. Therefore, to the topic of cabriolets, like the roadsters, which in the USSR, was lucky even less than convertibles, we will definitely return.
Such cars did not only for the sake of luxury, but also if necessary.
The former naive provincial, and now noble tipples and besides the order of Tanya in the execution of love of Orlova flies over the new Socialist Moscow in the newest Soviet car. Of course, in the cabriolet! In the film Gregory Alexandrova "The Light Way" logically came the novelty of 1940 - Open GAZ-11-40 - Modification of six-cylinder "EMKI", GAZ-11-73 sedan. Such machines were released very little, and the convertible was not serial at all.
The first Soviet cars us-1 and gas were open, of course, not from Pzhonian considerations. Such bodies are the simplest and cheap. But for our climate, it is clear, not very suitable. New 1936 - GAZ-M1 and ZIS-101 were closed and had rigid roofs. But the leader proclaimed that it became better to live more and more fun. And on the basis of standard cars, both plants prepared cabriolets. Gorky, repeat, serial did not. ZIS-102 with row eights also made in meager quantities. After all, the era, when the Soviet leaders went in open cars in front of enthusiastic subjects, passed, and the new times of the initial secretaries appeared in the public only in twenty years. Well, imagine, say, a careless cheerful company in a huge and powerful cabriolet in the USSR was also difficult, such as the leader of peoples walking around Moscow.
ZIS-102, according to different estimates, manufactured in 20-30 copies. On the convertibles stood a forced 116-strong engine.
The first Soviet car intended for private owners - Kim-10 - also had an open modification. But they released such cars very little, probably even less than closed.
Army all-day - from GAZ-67B to UAZ-469 - cabrioles to call the language does not turn. But immediately after the war in the Winner's country, there were already three open cars in the series. The main thing was ZIS-110b. The photos were preserved, at which in open ziisa, even in 1953, even some of the highest leaders go (of course, not the highest) on vacation in the Crimea.
Later on the ziras began to take parades on Red Square. But in resort cities, seminal cabriolets even got into a taxi! Outdoor ZIS came to the courtyard and a new head of the country. Now friendly foreign delegations were often met in open cars, and in the province of Khrushchev sometimes even played in front of the people from the covered roof.
Awning at ZIS-110B lowered and raised manually. There were versions of 110s with celluloid side windows and more modern to the late 1940s squeezed glasses. On pre-war soviet cars There were no such, and on Western thoroughbred cabrioles, lowered glasses have been set from the mid-1930s. In 1957, even three ZIS-110V with hydraulic, like american cabriolets, roof drive.
Open "victory" of GAZ-M20 and Moskvich-400-420A could buy each. And the cabriolets were even cheaper than standard cars. Unlike the prewar cars, which, remind, did not have lowered glasses, the "victory" and "Moskvich" retained the side racks and the roof frames. It simplified the manufacture of a cabriolet on the basis of machines with carrier bodies. Both vehicles left a trail in the Soviet cinema. "Moskvich", for example, in a comedy "she loves you!" With George Vicin, and the open "victory" - in the detective "Case No. 306" and in the picture "Ivan Brovkin on a virgin", where GAZ-M20 played relevant role for herself a wedding car.
Alas, a short history of serial Soviet cabriolets ended on this. There was no open version from the "victory" of the second generation of GAZ-M20V, nor the more over the 402rd Muscovite.
In the parade form
But the country was needed by front cars. Therefore, ZIL-111 limousines and ZIL-111G had open modifications - 111V and 111D, respectively. True, they made such cars for ten with small instances. In addition to parades, they were used to meet friendly foreign delegations. Open zila were in some social stands, where, again, appeared in humans in connection with the visits of the heads of socialist states.
Huge four-door kabiiods ZIL used up to the end of the 1970s, since ZIL-114 an open modification was no longer. But the convertible (the first for the Moscow plant is two-door, not counting the non-relocated prewar zis-sport) was made on the basis of the shortened ZIL-117. In addition to traditional gray front cars were black. They said that at one of them, "Favorite Leonid Ilyich" traveled in the south of the road - a large connoisseur of cars. Later Zilov versions also had a two-door open modification of ZIL-41044. A recent cars with domestic appearance and American filling have become an apogee of convertible buildings on the dying already zila.
Cabripes rank down low and gas. True, on the basis of winter, only three experimental machines were built. Mass production A large open car on the basis of a gas-12 sedan with a bearing body would be too troublesome. But a small amount of GAZ-13B worked, including in the Union republics. For the story, the episode of Alla Pugacheva's episode was preserved for the film, which was taken in an open "seagull" past the jurisdiction of the audience filled with the Allied (it seems, Yerevan) stadium. Later they built and fifteen parade "chap" GAZ-14-05.
Well, for even more provincial parades, army car repair plants made self-adhesive cabriolets on the basis of "victories", and then "Volga" different modelsranging from GAZ-21 and ending GAZ-3110. The latter still appear in humans.
Natasha
A timid attempt to make the open "Moskvich-408" took on MSM after the plant hit the Blue Renault Floride, presented in France N. S. Khrushchev. For this model, even provided various removable hard roofs! Tried, using the links of one of the factory workers, to show the car to the new leader L. I. Brezhnev. But did not come around. And in general, such a project in the USSR was doomed.
Many later, a couple of copies of the VAZ-2108 were made on the vase with fashionable at the turn of the 1980s of Targa (removable middle roof), designer V. Pashko. But where there is ...
But the damned capitalists were offered open options for our "Samar" and "Niv"! True, they were not already in the USSR. Cabripes on the basis of the VAZ-2121 were built in Germany, and in France, as well as in Belgium, Holland and even Australia. VAZ-2108 also had several open options, including the version of Natacha created by Vazovsky designer V. Yartsev. In perestroika times, a number of "emigrants" returned to a historic homeland, where these cars caused increased interest.
One of the foreign convertibles based on VAZ-2121 named Lada Niva Savanna
At about the same time, homemade cabriolets on the basis of Soviet cars began to appear. Among them was the winter, allegedly miraculously preserved from those three experimental specimens. There were "Volga", "Zhiguli" and, of course, "humpback" "Cossacks". Moreover, some samples were built as talented that they were involved in them with warmth. In the end, amateur non-fisty convertibles - also a document of the era and our idea of \u200b\u200bwhat the Soviet cars could be, about which we dreamed of ...
Lada Samara Natacha designer V. Yartseva. Such machines produced 456 pcs.
So could be a convertible on the basis of "Volga" GAZ-21
"Says and shows Moscow. Listen and watch the Red Square! Victory Parade! ", - The annual solemn passage of the frontal calculations in Red Square has become an integral symbol of May 9. But the symbol of the parade itself, perhaps, can be called ... Cars. The rulers and military leaders changed, but the luxurious partners of the commander and the host remained unchanged participants of each parade.
"Comrades! Be vigilant, tirelessly master military affairs, with a rated energy at all sites of socialist construction, attach the economic and military power of our beautiful Motherland! "- The last pre-war parade at which the People's Commissar of the Defense of the USSR Semen Tymoshenko was spent nervously. Everyone perfectly understood that the war could not be avoided, although it was possible to postpone the ruthless meat grinder - the main thing to show how "the defense power of the Soviet state was significantly strengthened." The soldiers and officers were projected to boots, propheted motorcycles and military equipment, military aircraft flew through the motorcycles ... Diplomats of foreign states were observed.
Column armored vehicles headed unusual car - As the magazine "Behind the wheel", "elegant, well-seated phaeton, with a beautiful streamlined body shape." This car is an open ZIS-102, devoid of a rigid metal roof modification of the Limousine ZIS-101. An elegant rapid phaeton was referred to a big future - then the commander and the receiving parade traveled on a parallee of the Red Square on the thoroughbred crops, but the appearance of a beautiful front car could change the established order: why would the commanders not transfer to cars? However, Joseph Stalin categorically cut off: "We will not change the good tradition of the Soviet Army."
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Cars came to replace the cars only after the death of "Iron Joseph", in 1953. During the May parade, "dedicated to international solidarity of the working people", the 4-door phaeton ZIS-110B was left for a blocking of the main square of the country - an open version of the six-fledged Limousine ZIS-110. At the end of the war, this limousine instructed to create personally, Stalin, and therefore a family of cars for the tops of the Soviet government turned out to be similar to the Packard machine (Ovyatoria of the American brand told Danil Mikhailov in detail). The leader loved this brand, and the designers, knowing the preferences of Joseph Vissarionovich, the first executive car of the USSR painted in the image and likeness of the luxurious SUPER EIGHT model of 1942. At the same time hanging on another car from America - Buick Limited, which turned out to be wider and spacious than "Pakcard".
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The basis of the ZIS-110 engineers laid an impressive spar frame, reinforced with a powerful cross, so there was a lot of empty ZIS-110 - more than 2.5 tons! Therefore, the engine from the predecessor, ZIS-101, it turned out to be weak for a massive machine and designers had to create a new force aggregate - inline 6.0-liter "eight", issued by the current standards modest 140 hp For this motor, oil workers even had to start the release of a new gasoline variety, A-74. Total "1st automotive factory them. I.V. Stalin "(Plant named after Likhachev will only be June 26, 1956) 2089 open" zisov "were released, many of whom worked ... taxis.
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In the sixties, the old good ZIS-110 sent "retired", and their place was taken by the new generation convertible - ZIL-111B. When creating this car, it was not without the stylistic influence of the "Americans" ... but if the "dozen" was a copy specific models, then the design of "eleventh" is a certain collective image "Typical american car»The end of the fifties. Under the hood of the new family, the V-shaped "eight" appeared (the relative of this engine is the engine of the ZIL-130 truck), but the most important innovation applied to ZIL-111 was certainly a two-stage automatic transmission.
From 1960 to 1962, twelve (!) Open cars was released, and then production and limousines, and ZIL-111 cabriolets were coarse. And all because Nikita Khrushchev personally "asked" to update the appearance of representative cars. According to the legend, the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU did not like that the car for the government top was similar to the year later than the GAZ-13 "Seagull", relying middle agent management. Also Khrushchev struck the newest Lincoln Continental John Kennedy, against which the Soviet Zil seemed to be a poor relative. In general, the "eleventh" has hurkedly updated, creating ZIL-111G. The open version of the car received an index 111d.
True, the "pre-reform" ZIL-111B traveled to the Red Square until 1967! New converts replaced predecessors on a parade dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution, and carried the service until the middle of the seventies. The next generation of government cabriolets, ZIL-117V, took the work watch. For the first time, designers were then called them by artists, - having received absolute freedom, created new car Without library (or rather, almost without care) on foreign competitors, so the exterior turned out to be original, strict and less susceptible to the influence of changeable fashion than the body of the precursors. Another uncharacteristic for cars "ZIL" solution is the presence of short-pass (ZIL-117) and long-base (ZIL-114) versions.
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By the 60th anniversary of the October Revolution, the engineers of the Likhachev plant decided to prepare a "gift" - to update the classic features of government cars. A little changed proportions (the hood became longer, and the trunk - shorter), the design of the front and rear parts of the body were corrected, the elements of the plumage ... The car received the factory index ZIL-115 and the general-industry - ZIL-4104. In 1981, several shortened sedans (historians continue to argue how many machines were created) served as the basis for the construction of the next generation of parade cabriolets, which appeased as representatives of the ZIL-115 family, but received less powerful engine from the predecessor, ZIL-114.
These cabriolets served "main front-end cars of the country" more than a quarter of a century. In 2006, the Ministry of Defense conceived to bring fundamentally new cars to Red Square - SUVs gas "Tiger". Literally for six months, Nizhny Novgorod engineers "cried" several two-door cabriolets. In terms of the mechanical stuffing, the "parade" SUV differed from the usual only gearbox (instead of "mechanics" installed "AUTOMA") and the interior design. That's just the high army authorities of "Tigers" did not like, and now the brutal giants of the black color carry the service ... in St. Petersburg.
But for the main, Moscow, the victory parade instead of the ancient ZIL-115B had to build a hybrid, even if reminding classic parade "zila", but there is no one. On the chassis of American pickups GMC Sierra (read about this "Monster" in the material GMC Sierra 1500 - a real American dream of living) waters up the converted body from used (!) ZIL-41041 sedans. The specialists of the Nizhny Novgorod company Atlant Delta were engaged in this project (it belongs to Oleg Deripask and is famous for the realization of unusual ideas: for example, creating luxurious yacht interiors), since the capital Zil lost the tender. By the way, that is why Nizhny Novgorod had to use used bodies - new Zilovtsy simply refused to sell.
Interestingly, classic front-hand cabriolets, regardless of generation, have always been unchanged gray - as a shade of winter general overcoat - colors. But Nizhny Novgorod-American "hybrids" violated the Soviet tradition - their body painted black! The change of the flag is explained simply: until recently, the parade took the staff of the staff. In black suit. And now, when the Ministry of Defense again headed the army general ... no, do not plan to repaint the cars, although the strict features of the "main cabriolets of the country" a noble gray roller is suitable much more than mourning black. Only the next generation of parade convertibles can only be created not only for the president, but also a new generation of open cars) will be created for the president, but also the new generation of open cars) will acquire the usual color. But this will happen not earlier than 2015.
Alexey Kovanov
Redechy convertible is a Faithon - the body, whose side windows are not hiding in the doors, and are fasted separately, or there are no as such. At the very beginning of the existence of the USSR, such cars were abuse. The direct heir of the automotive industry of the Russian Empire - appeared in 1922, he also a pre-revolutionary Rousseau-Balt with an identical digital index - was Phaeton, and had four doors. Such a scheme - removable top and four (not two, which is more familiar now) doors - will later become traditional and for the Soviet cabriolet.
Nami-1 car, the first copies of which were collected in 1927, was two-door, although at the development stage there was a three-door option - with a pair of doors on the left side. Nami-1 was compact, combining the ideas of "Siklcar" (car-motorcycle) and a full-fledged car.
If not to take into account the ridge frame borrowed from the idea, the car has already been completely independently developing, including a 2-cylinder air cooling motor. With a serial assembly was a whole memory of the problems, but Nami-1 was more lucky than Prombrons, which were made only five pieces - from 1927 to 1931 at the Moscow Plant No. 4 "Spartak" was released, according to various estimates, from 200 to 500 phaetons one.
Our experience, despite the advertising of the car, rather inspired "bent" in part because, gathering almost piece, the car was very expensive - 8,000 rubles. And although later the price was reduced to 5,180 rubles, at the same time gas was existed, which was essentially an "American" Ford-A, and cost only about 2,000 rubles. However, gas-a, the most massive Soviet model of the early 1930s (almost 42,000 cars from 1932 to 1936) were their problems.
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With this model, an understanding was understood that the opening machine for Russia was "not ice". More precisely, it is the most, and directly on the faces sitting in the cabin.
In 1933, a decree of the Council of Equipment was published on providing all models of cars closed bodies. GAZ-3 and GAZ-6 (Pioneer and Fordor) appeared. The era of careless adolescence in the Soviet aircraft ended.
In an attempt to "remove a hat"
Three years after the release of the mentioned ruling, it was already clearly noticeable that the Soviet car industry turned toward models with a rigid stationary riding - released in 1936 GAZ-M-1 and were closed. But at the same time, both factory, Gorky and Moscow, worked on open modifications - Let Phaeton no longer caused the main body, from the point of view of design, such a "almost forbidden" body was attracted, perhaps, more than ever. Alas, the elegant version of the open "Emki" has not become an elegant version of the open "Emki".
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At the ZIS in front of the war, you tasted with already two options under the general ZIS-102 index - both with the bottomed side windows, and with the first Soviet convertible, thus building, thus built. Alas, open cars in all versions, including those lengthening simultaneously with the main model and equipped with a 116-strong ZIS-102A-102a, made only 20 or 30 pieces.
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The last pre-war splash on the topic "Torn Caps" was Kim, diametrically opposite ZIS car. The laurels of the Soviet car for the people were reflected in the compact KIM-10-50, but even in a closed body they managed to release quite a bit before the war. The open version of KIM-10-51 and was built in several copies at all. And after the war, a completely different story began.
The first post-war cars focused on ordinary citizens were, first collected in June 1946, and started in December of the same year.
The fact is that they were also the first Soviet cars with the carrier body, and this circumstance made it difficult to implement the open modification. However, the exit was found: both cars had a version in the body of a convertible, which preserved, however, the framework of the doors and roofs, and together with them a fair share of the powerful body structure of the source body.
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It is hardly possible to call the convertible in the full sense (in fact, in the case of the victory of the body, a "sedan-convertible", and not so long ago), but the feeling of the open car, these cars were still given. Yes, and the soft top in this version was put on the roof relatively simple and, which is especially important for our climate, reliably.
Such "partially awesome" specimens of victories that had, according to some data, their own gas-M-20B index, from 1949 to 1953 produced more than 14,000 pieces. In the same year as a sedan-convertible victory, an open Moskvich-400-420A has started in production and lasted on a MSMA conveyor until 1954 - almost 18,000 such cars were collected ... on these two cars, in fact, Began and ended the history of the mass domestic cabriolet.
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Not in the salty hat
Since then, a niche of open cars in the USSR began a steady drift to the highest class, inaccessible to simple mortal. Moreover, over time, these cars have become bar.
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The 7-seater Limousine ZIS-110, appeared in production in 1945, was a framework, to design its open version was relatively simple, especially considering a small series of release. Yes, yes, this model, one might only pretend to serial: basic limousines from 1945 to 1961 released a little more than 2,000 pieces, and the Faeton score of the ZIS-110B (1949-1957), most likely goes to units or, in the extreme The case, dozens - however, it looks meager, if you do not know how everything turned in the future. There was a ZIS-110V convertible, but in total in three copies - with an electro-hydraulic mechanism of the lifting of the roof and the stalks that went to the door with the frames.
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In the late 1940s, high party ranks were moved by high party ranks in the open ziras, and much later some of these cars were commissioned in a taxi in the resort cities. In the 1950s, they took parades on Red Square; Nikita Khrushchev, whose favorite car was just an open ZIS (on one of the photos it is clear that the Secretary-General was just a ZIS-110V, with squeezed frames-frames), moved on this machine in Moscow, Counting overseas guests and even spoke with her During visits to the province.
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And yet one car could have an open version - at the Gorky, standing in the Soviet automotive hierarchy on the episoms below the ZIS and after 1957 renamed GAZ-12. This model in the body has a six-bedned sedan from 1949 to 1959 and was relatively massive - more than 21,000 copies were released. Despite the main function in the form of "personalized" government nomenclature of the Minister or Secretary of the Regional Committee, the winters enjoyed the establishment of the establishment of cultural workers, art and science.
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He even appeared in an open sale, unlike the "descendants" under the brand of the seagull - the truth, at a price of 40,000 rubles, which did it inadvertently; The people dreamed of accumulating 9,000 rubles to Moskvich-400 or, if he is very lucky, 16,000 rubles for victory. Yes, and an open version, despite a more or less stable "series" of the main model, the winter never appeared - an experimental convertible, already photographed for advertising with a large family with a large sector, and did not receive its own index and remained issued in the quantity whether two, or three copies.
A little more lucky car GAZ-13 Seagull - Open Gas-13B collected about 20 pieces, some of them worked in the Union republics - for example, the newsreel captured the young Alla Pugachev, which is taken to the concert, presumably in Yerevan, it is on an open seagull.
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The next seagull, GAZ-14, also had a version with a lowered riding gas-14-05, but it was already extremely parade cars, and only a few pieces ... and then there were essentially, only Zilovsky "Armenia" - in the sense of convertible On the basis of Zilov (in 1956, Stalin, ZIS, was renamed Likhachev, ZIL), created for the transport of members of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee.
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These machines were used for parades and festive escorts. The first in this series was ZIL-111B (1960), echoing on the style with a more modest seagull in the size of the "thirteenth" seagull. Only true celeners could reach open Zilov - April 14, 1961 Yuri Gagarin solemnly arrived from the airport to the Kremlin just at ZIL-111B. These cars were collected only until 1962, that is, before the "upgrade" of the parent model, and manually, 12-15 pieces per year. Such a piece assembly has become traditional for all government machines.
When in 1962, the basic limousine survived the restyling and shift of the index with ZIL-111 to ZIL-111G, the question arose and about the update of the phateke - despite the lowered windows, open versions of government cars were still called the old fashioned. The first "Phaeton" with the new design of the exterior received the ZIL-111D index and saw the light in early 1963, and eight cars were collected. Why there, and the limousines from 1958 to 1967 collected only 112 pieces - compare it with a two-thousandth grade of the ZIS-110, which has recently seemed so small! As if someone decided that large cars, and even more open, in this country no longer needed.
