The fuel system of the engine is designed to supply an optimal air-fuel mixture. One of the components of this system is an absorber, and the article discusses its structure, purpose, main malfunctions and ways to check its performance.
Device
Engines with distributed fuel injection first appeared on front-wheel-drive Ladas, starting with the 2111. They differ greatly from their carburetor predecessors in a more complex power system design. It consists of 2 subsystems: fuel supply to the fuel rail and gasoline vapor recovery. One of the components of the latter is the adsorber in the VAZ-2114.
On top of the plastic cylinder is a solenoid valve controlled by the engine control unit. This part is removable and secured with plastic clips. The valve body is rectangular, and there are 2 fittings (inlet and outlet) and a connector for connecting an electronic control unit.
Hoses are attached to the fittings with clamps. The inlet is connected to the gravity valve and further to the separator and the gasoline tank. Outgoing is connected by a node throttle.
Operating principle
So, what does the process of purging an adsorber look like in a VAZ 2114? When the car is parked, gasoline from the tank evaporates first into the separator. There, part of the vapor turns into liquid and flows back. The remaining gaseous fuel, moving along the highway, enters the sealed adsorber. Activated carbon absorbs vapors and keeps them in itself until the moment the engine is started.
When the ignition is turned on, the engine controller supplies voltage to the valve and opens. During engine operation, the filler heats up and dries, releasing gasoline vapors back. They are sucked into the engine together with the main portion of the fuel under the action of a vacuum.
What is an adsorber for VAZ-2114 for?
The main purpose of the fuel vapor recovery subsystem and the adsorber as a component of this system is to make the car less harmful to the environment and to comply with international environmental standards "Euro-2" and "Euro-3".
On specifications VAZ-2114 adsorber has no effect. It is designed to ensure that gasoline vapors do not leave the circuits of the power supply system. This measure allows for a slightly more efficient use of the fuel supply. There will be no savings, as when using forced idling, but you can drive 1-2 kilometers during long-term operation.
Removal and installation
Dismantling of the part is carried out according to the following algorithm:
Step 1. Disconnect the clamp from the negative terminal of the battery and block the wheels with parking brake("Put on the handbrake").
Step 2. Remove the wire from the adsorber valve (VAZ-2114).
Step 3. Using a Phillips screwdriver, loosen the clamps and remove the hoses from the fittings. The latter are made of plastic and break easily.
Step 4. Use a flat-blade screwdriver to pry the latch on the valve body and remove it.
Step 5. Loosen the clamp securing the adsorber body and pull out the latter.
Step 6. Unscrew from the side expansion tank 3 nuts securing the front shock absorber, and remove from them the plate on which the adsorber is attached. This step is only needed if the part is completely removed from the power system.
Malfunctions, symptoms and remedies
There are two faults in the adsorber in the VAZ-2114 due to the extreme simplicity of the design: it is clogged or the solenoid valve does not work. If this part breaks down, then the following problems may appear in the car:
- Unstable engine idling (rpm float). To check, disconnect the hose between the throttle assembly and the purge valve and plug it. A candle, for example. If the engine speed has not become normal, then the adsorber is clogged.
- When you unscrew the gas tank cap, a hiss is heard or gasoline vapors squeeze it out of the filler neck.
- Poor acceleration due to reduced pressure in the fuel line. If the purge valve is faulty, the tank does not flow atmospheric air... This leads to the fact that when the engine is running, a vacuum is created in the gas tank, which interferes with the operation of the fuel rail. Also, a strong vacuum can lead to the fact that the tank will be strongly deformed by the force of atmospheric pressure.
- No repetitive clicks during acceleration.
You can check the operation of the purge valve in the following way. A voltage of 12 volts must be applied to the power connector (the place where the wires from the computer are connected). For example, using 2 wires connected to "plus" and "minus" battery... If the part is intact, the mechanism will click back. Otherwise, the element needs to be replaced.
The second way to check the operation of the adsorber valve on the VAZ-2114 is to blow it out. To do this, blow into the inlet hose connection. If air freely comes out of the valve outlet, then it must be replaced.
Complete removal of the adsorber from the power system
Some owners of the VAZ 2114 decide to completely remove this part from their car for reasons of economy and to prevent future malfunctions. This can be done in two ways.
Method 1. After completely removing the adsorber from the VAZ-2114, the hose leading to the throttle valve assembly is closed with a plug. The hose going from the gas tank to the adsorber is inserted fuel filter from any VAZ carburetor engine.
Method 2. The adsorber is removed together with the support. The hoses previously connected to it are closed off with plugs. A small hole (1-2 mm) is drilled in the standard gas tank plug to connect the cavity to the atmosphere. Also, to depressurize the fuel tank, you can use the lid from the carburetor "eight" or "nine".
After upgrading the power system, it may be necessary to update the firmware of the engine control unit, since it will perceive the absence of an adsorber for a malfunction in the engine and will switch to emergency operation. This threatens to significantly reduce the traction qualities of the vehicle.
Adsorber in VAZ-2114 - important element in the engine power system, which allows to slightly reduce fuel consumption and get rid of the smell of gasoline in the cabin.
In accordance with the Euro-3 environmental standards, harmful hydrocarbon vapors from gasoline fumes must not enter the atmosphere. For this, the vehicle's fuel system must be equipped with an absorber. Absorber fuel system and catches these very vapors. Let's look at what it is, what it is for in a car, and how it works.
What is an absorber
Absorption is the absorption of gases by solid or liquid bodies. When automotive system, the absorbent is the coal with which the absorber is filled. let's consider this device on the example of a car VAZ 2110-12, with an injection engine.
Principle of operation
Gasoline vapors that form in the tank rise up and through the opening at the neck of the tank they first enter the separator. There they condense and drain back into the tank. The part of them that does not have time to turn into condensate through gravity valve through the steam line, they get directly into the absorber, where they are absorbed by the activated carbon. This happens when the engine is not running. 
Otherwise, while the car is moving, with the engine warm, the control system opens the solenoid valve, and the absorber is purged. Gasoline vapors, together with the air entering through another valve, are blown into the engine intake pipe, where they are burned.
There is a kind of double effect.
- firstly, the atmosphere is not polluted by unnecessary, harmful vapors;
- secondly, we have, albeit small, but fuel economy. After all, if there were no absorber, the fuel would simply evaporate.
In a word, everything is prescribed as an ecologist, everyone is good, everyone is happy.
Absorber malfunction
Over time, the absorber becomes clogged and may become unusable. Symptoms of a malfunction of this element of the fuel system can be determined by indirect signs. One of them is the formation of excess pressure in fuel tank... This is due to the formation of vapors that have nowhere to go from the gas tank. In this case, at the moment of unscrewing the lid, you will hear a hiss.
On my VAZ 2112, it was worth starting to unscrew the tank cap, and it was knocked out with such force that it’s scary to imagine. I would like to know then that this is a problem with the absorber. And so I had to just let off couples several times a day.
For another reason bad work the absorber of the vehicle speed, at idle speed, can begin to "float". 
In our country, the problem of faulty parts is solved very simply, especially those without which the car can go. Take off and drive further with one voice, the craftsmen advise. Here, of course, it's up to you to decide, but something tells me that you and I should breathe this very air. And if everyone without exception takes and removes all the "extra" eco-parts, since they are not so necessary in the car, then one "fine" day there will be nothing to breathe.
Replacing this part will take no more than 15 minutes, this can be done:
- on one's own;
- by contacting a car service.
After the cars that meet the Euro-3 environmental safety standard appeared, car designers were puzzled by the creation of a device capable of trapping hydrocarbon vapors in order to exclude their emissions into the atmosphere. Therefore, in the fuel system of most cars, and domestic cars, including VAZ, were no exception, a part appeared - an adsorber. What is it? I propose to consider this detail from all possible angles using an example domestic car VAZ 2114.
1 Adsorber - what is it?
If you carry out a literal translation of the word adsorber with of English language, then in the end we get two similar meanings - "absorb", "amortize". What is the need for it? Adsorption is a process in which gases are absorbed by both solid and liquid bodies. V this case The main element that absorbs spent fuel vapors is activated carbon. It is with them that they fill a part of the free space of the adsorber.
This part includes several structural elements:
- Adsorber
- Purge valve
- Adsorber and purge valve tubes
- Gravity valve
- Front steam pipe
- Vapor separator
- Fuel drain pipe
- Multiple hoses
2 The principle of operation of the adsorber in the VAZ 2114
The adsorber works as follows. Fuel vapors generated in the fuel tank rise up and gradually accumulate at the neck of the tank, from where they have a direct road to the separator, in which the condensation of these vapors takes place. Vapors that have turned into liquid are drained back into the fuel tank. However, not all vapors have time to become liquid again. Part of the vapor that remains in the form of gas enters the adsorber, where it is absorbed with the help of an adsorbent - activated carbon.
It is worth noting that the entire process described above takes place exclusively with the engine off. Otherwise, the system will have to open. In this case, gasoline vapors formed in the fuel tank and did not have time to transform into liquid will be blown out through the engine intake pipe VAZ 2114 and burned.
This principle of operation implies the presence of several advantages at once:
- Prevention of atmospheric pollution by harmful vapors
- The car consumes less fuel while driving (although the level of economy does not even reach 1 percent, but the fact is a stubborn thing - without burning gasoline vapors, the engine would need more fuel).
3 Signs by which you can determine that the adsorber is faulty
Even a part such as an absorber can clog up and become unusable. The reasons for the malfunction may be different (mechanical damage, natural wear of the absorbing element). The main symptom of an adsorber malfunction is the presence of excessive pressure in the fuel tank. The reason for this is the accumulation of an excessive amount of fuel vapors, which can neither turn into a liquid state, nor be discharged through the adsorber. It is quite easy to make sure that there is an overpressure of fuel vapors in the fuel tank - you just need to unscrew the fuel tank cap and listen for a hiss when opening the cap. If there is a hiss, then it is time to change the adsorber, as the fuel tank accumulates excess amount harmful vapors.
There is another way to determine a malfunction in cars. VAZ... After the engine warms up above a temperature of 60 ° C, a significant drop in engine idle speed begins. In addition, your car may suddenly stall while driving for no specific reason.
If something similar happened to your car, then we advise you to check the serviceability of the adsorber. This can be done as follows - disconnect the hose going to the manifold from the valve and plug it for two to three days. If the symptoms that bother you have not disappeared, and your beloved VAZ is still "playing" with the speed as it pleases, then most likely there is only one verdict - the adsorber is clogged.
Undoubtedly, the car, as it drove, will continue to travel more than one kilometer even with a faulty adsorber, but at the same time idling it will float like a sinusoid. However, we should note that the failure of the adsorber that has not been eliminated in time, or, at least, excess fuel vapors not released from the fuel tank in time threaten to "shoot" the fuel tank cap from the neck, and maybe you simply will not be able to open it. Therefore, it is easier to replace a faulty part than to constantly fear an unauthorized "shot", since no one will be able to predict where the flown away fuel tank cap will fall.
4 Replacing the adsorber
Replacing this part in VAZ 2114 can be done at the station closest to you Maintenance, or you can do it yourself. Since you will spend no more than 20 minutes on everything about everything, you can replace the adsorber with your own hands.
So let's get started. First you need to dismantle the part to be replaced. First, we release the adsorber from the existing fasteners, then disconnect the hose that supplies fuel vapor to the throttle, and only after that the wires and the block. The next step is to disconnect the purge valve and fuel outlet hose from the separator. And finally, unscrew and remove the bracket (it will not take much time, since it is fastened with only three bolts).
After successfully dismantling the spent adsorber, we proceed to install the purchased part. The longest piece of rubber hose available connects to the tube that feeds the fuel vapor into the purge duct. We attach a smaller part of the hose to the intake tube from the separator. Now, using the bracket, we install the adsorber in its rightful place. Next, the vapor supply hose is connected to the purge channel. The purge channel is in turn mounted on the engine cover. It is also necessary to connect a block with wires here. A rubber tube is installed between the adsorber and the purge channel. Important: the tube must be resistant to gasoline and engine oil... The adsorber is installed. Everything was done quickly, efficiently and without the involvement of outside specialists.
5 Diagnostics of the adsorber purge valve on your own
If it is only necessary to replace the adsorber valve, then it makes no sense to go to the nearest service station. It will take you no more than 5 minutes, provided you have a Phillips screwdriver. You can find such a valve in almost any auto parts store where spare parts for VAZ are sold. By the way, it is inexpensive - no more than 700 rubles. It is recommended to replace the adsorber sensor together with the valve, since it directly controls the valve. However, it is worth changing it, provided that the sensor emits extraneous noises resembling crackling. Moreover, sometimes difficulties arise at the moment when it is necessary to purchase an adsorber sensor, since it is not sold everywhere.
First, it is necessary to diagnose the adsorber valve for serviceability. For this we need a multimeter and a couple of wires. Before checking, release the retainer and remove the harness connector from the purge valve. Then we connect the "minus" of the multimeter to the "mass". We turn on the ignition, measure the voltage at terminal "A" of the block of wires. The multimeter reading should not be less than 12 volts. If the multimeter display shows less than 12 volts or the voltage is completely absent, then you most likely have a discharged battery or a faulty ECU.
Use a Phillips screwdriver to loosen the clamp that secures the tube to the valve. We remove the hose from the branch pipe. Using a screwdriver, remove the valve from the adsorber. Further, the terminals must be supplied with a voltage of 12 Volts from the battery ("+" - terminal "A", "-" - terminal "B"). After applying voltage, the valve should open with a characteristic click. If this does not happen, then the valve must be replaced.
6 Replacing the adsorber purge valve in the VAZ 2114
So, let's start replacing the adsorber valve in the VAZ 2114. First, we de-energize the car by removing the negative terminal from the battery. Then the plug is disconnected from the KPA. To get close to the valve, we need to slightly release the clamp of the inlet pipe, then remove it from the sensor mass flow air and take to the side. Next, we slightly bend the valve mount in order to make unimpeded dismantling. It is necessary to move the mount to the side at a distance not exceeding 1 centimeter.
After all the operations have been done, pull the valve up along the grooves. This is not the end of the dismantling of the adsorber valve. It remains to disconnect the supply fittings. The whole problem is that one of them disconnects very easily, but with the second, as a rule, difficulties arise. The catch lies in the fact that the inlet fitting is fixed by a special latch. To dismantle it, you need to pry off the plastic antennae, and for this it is necessary to drown the retainer (in this case, the fitting should be raised slightly upward). Dismantling is complete, installation is carried out in reverse order.
7 Conclusion
So, let's summarize. We managed to find out why an adsorber is needed in the VAZ 2114 at all and how it can be replaced without the help of specialists. This detail is very important for vehicles that meet Euro 3 environmental standards. If you remove the adsorber from the VAZ 2114 car, then the level of environmental friendliness of your car will decrease to "Euro 2" or "Euro 1".
On the above vehicle, the adsorber appeared a long time ago, after the introduction of the Euro-3 environmental standard. Thanks to this regulation, cars had to be equipped with a special device that could contain the evaporating fuel before it enters the atmosphere.
On a VAZ-2114 car, the absorber has the shape of a black cylinder, which is installed in engine compartment on the right side, not far from the radiator.
The principle of operation of the adsorber on the VAZ-2114
To begin with, you should understand what adsorption is. So, this is a kind of process due to which the absorption of liquid and solid gaseous substances is carried out. A striking example of this can be the world's first gas masks, where activated carbon acted as an adsorber. In a VAZ-2114 car, about the same device acts as an adsorber, only its design has become much more complicated. An automobile adsorber today is a plastic case, inside of which there is a special filler capable of trapping gasoline vapors, thereby protecting the atmosphere from pollution. But this detail on the VAZ-2114 is not limited to this. The fact is that the adsorber also includes various valves and nozzles.
The adsorber does not have any effect on fuel consumption at all, since its main goal is to improve the environmental friendliness of the car. As the gas tank is emptied, fuel vapors rise up the neck, and then enter the separator. At this point, they again acquire a liquid state, as a result of which they return to the tank. Part of the vapors, which did not succeed in condensing, enters the above adsorber. The latter, by the way, is filled with the same Activated Carbon, designed to absorb harmful gases. It is quite remarkable that this process takes place when the engine is off.
The fact is that during the operation of the motor, the adsorber is constantly blown through due to a special valve, which means that in exhaust system absolutely all gases are burned. It follows that the main purpose of the adsorber is to neutralize gasoline vapors.
Possible damage to the adsorber
There are only two reasons for a clogged adsorber valve:
- Low quality gasoline.
- Particles of adsorber filler clogging the valve.
By the way, there is another option for diagnosing a malfunction of the adsorber. If it is significantly clogged, but the gas tank cap is still in place, then from time to time you can hear a persistent smell of gasoline in the cabin, which appears and disappears by itself.
Features of removing the adsorber
If you nevertheless decided to completely remove the adsorber, you will need:
- replace the gas tank plug with a leaky one;
- replace the firmware of the electrical control unit;
- plug the outlet and inlet connections.
As mentioned earlier, before removing the adsorber, you should think about the advisability of such an act, since there are no extra parts in the car. But even if you have made the decision to remove it, this process should be taken very seriously. First of all, you need to take care of the ventilation of the gas tank, which is simply necessary in the absence of an adsorber. Those car owners who convert a carburetor engine to an injection engine have an undeniable advantage. If they do not touch the tank nozzles, then break carburetor system they will not be able to ventilate it. In this situation, there is no need to have an adsorber in such cars.
In the case of a VAZ-2114 car with an injection engine, everything is much more complicated. However, it is also not necessary to remove the adsorber. It should be noted that the only positive point in the presence of an adsorber is a decrease in the amount harmful emissions into the atmosphere of our planet. The indisputable "disadvantages" of this part include the rather high cost, as well as too much space occupied by the adsorber under the hood. It is the last two facts that, as a rule, become the reason for the decision to remove it.
But most often, motorists remove the adsorber after it has failed. Its cost is so great that the owners of the car come to the conclusion that they do not really care about the state of the Earth's atmosphere. Moreover, it is quite easy to remove this part. To do this, you need to put on a filter. fine cleaning onto the separator hose. Now all gasoline vapors will go directly to the atmosphere. In this case, the hose from the valve does not need to be blocked. But if it bothers you Check Engine, then it is necessary to correct the ECU control program so that this light stops glowing on the dashboard.
According to the new environmental standards Euro-3, all vehicles must be equipped with equipment that prevents harmful vapors from recycled fuel from entering the atmosphere. The main function of capturing and processing fuel vapors in a car is performed by an adsorber, the principle of operation and design of which should be understood by every car owner.
1
Environmental protection is, of course, a very important topic for our country. It should concern everyone, especially vehicle owners. Every year, cars emit huge amounts of harmful fumes into the atmosphere, which will not make our world better. That is why every modern vehicle equipped, in which the adsorber plays a key role. Depending on the composition, the following types of parts are distinguished:
- with granular stationary adsorbent;
- with granular moving adsorbent;
- with a fine-grained adsorbent, the bottom layer of which is always in a boiling state.
The most effective are the parts of the first type, which are used by most car manufacturers around the world. The second and third types of parts are also able to prevent the ingress of fuel vapors into the atmosphere. However, both boiling and mobile substances tend to enter the atmosphere along with the processed vapors. Therefore, in order to maintain the vehicle's vapor recovery system, the amount of active substance must be checked regularly. To do this, it is necessary to dismantle the adsorber every time.
2
The design of an adsorber with a stationary substance includes a housing filled with an adsorbent. Activated carbon acts as the latter. On both sides, the adsorber is connected to special pipes that connect the device to the vehicle's fuel tank and control valve.
The car adsorber works according to the following principle: the vapors from the reprocessed fuel rise upward. Further, through the hole at the neck of the fuel tank, the evaporation enters the separator. There they condense and then fall back into the fuel tank. That part of the vapor that does not have time to pass the condensation stage passes into the steam line, after which it is drawn into the adsorber. All this happens when the car is not started. When the engine is running, the fuel vapor recovery system opens a solenoid valve through which air enters the adsorber. This is how the part is purged. In this case, the fuel vapors remaining inside the cell, together with the air, enter the car engine. There they are recycled.
Thus, the adsorber fulfills a double function. First, the device prevents the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere. Secondly, drivers are able to save negligible amounts of fuel.
3
Due to the almost continuous operation, the EVAP adsorber very often fails. In this case, there are 2 reasons for the occurrence of part breakage:
- Solenoid valve not tight, and the tube through which the vapor passes into the engine is clogged. In such a situation, the vapors pass into the intake manifold, clogging it. If the car stops starting the first time or does not start with an incomplete tank, these are direct signs that it is necessary to clean the pipes and check the valve for leaks.
- The tube is clogged, but the valve remains tight. At the same time, in hot weather, vapors will accumulate in the fuel tank, increasing the pressure inside it. A direct sign of such a breakdown is hissing when opening the tank.
Having discovered a malfunction, many owners immediately buy a new adsorber and run to the nearest service station. However, doing this every time the device gets clogged will be too expensive for many drivers. Therefore, in order to save time and 6-7 thousand rubles, we can repair the adsorber ourselves.
There is no need to buy to repair the system optional equipment... All we need is a set of keys, a screwdriver and a file. The fuel adsorber is located in the wheel arch near the vehicle engine. To get to the part, we do not need to dismantle other elements of the car.
First, open the hood lid. Next, we are looking for fasteners securing the adsorber. In some car models they are present, in other cars they are absent. We pull out the adsorber, unscrew its cover. Next, we saw off the lower part of the part. This must be done very carefully, as all the coal can spill out. It is advisable to make small cuts at the beginning of the work on the wide side of the body and seal them with tape. Next, we saw off the adsorber along the remaining edges. The cutting depth should be no more than 10 mm. It is not worth cutting deeper, since with inside the housing contains tubes that compact the activated carbon. After we have cut off the bottom, turn the adsorber over and peel off the adhesive tape. We disassemble the lower part of the part structure, pulling out all the springs and filters. Pour out the charcoal carefully. Next, we see the intermediate filters, take them out and check for damage.
Some manufacturers equip the adsorber with foam filters. This material has big disadvantage- over time, it turns into dust, clogging the adsorber and pipes. It is best to replace the foam filters with felt pads. This material degrades more slowly and passes fuel vapors much better.
After we have cut out the gaskets of the required size, carefully apply them to the walls of the adsorber and treat the structure with a sealant. Taking advantage of the moment, it is also worth replacing the activated carbon in the part. After that, we collect the adsorber. To hold 2 parts of the device together, we smear the edges of the upper half with epoxy and apply the lower half to it. For better fixation of the device, it can be additionally wrapped with tape. At the final stage, we assemble the entire structure in the reverse order.
The whole work will take no more than two hours. However, the amount saved for a new adsorber is worth the time we spent.
