Every day I see two or three people flying without looking at the red light of the traffic light, as if it did not exist at all. I am not a preacher, but I can tell you the following: the life that people leads, makes them crazy, and this madness is manifested in a driving manner. - Charles Bukowski
Beauty is really power, but only if you know how to use it. It's like to have Ferrari: if you don't know how to ride truly, she cannot with you. - Monica Bellucci
I think this post is more male. It contains gasoline, tires and seasoned with machine oil.
For me, cars and cars are always a dark forest. I do not really understand marks or in the device. And periodically confuse their names. Once upon a time I played in Need for Speed. These were happy races, and I won them always on Lamborghini. \u003d)
So, we will analyze the words.
Trunk - Trunk.
Whee L.- Wheel
Door - a door
Hubcap - Wheel cap
Brake.light - Signal light on the parking brake (in both!)
Bumper.- Bumper
Licency plate.- Rooms
Tire- Tire
Tread. - rubbing surface (wheels)
Shockabsorber - shock absorber
RearvIEW.mirror. - rear-view mirror with position switching day / night
Windshield / WinScreen -frontwindowglass
Windshield Wiper. - Wiper
Hood.- Engine hood
Blinker - turn indicator
HEADLIGHT -lights
Seat. - Seat
SeatBelt. - belt
Engine - engine
Motor - Motor.
Exhaust Pipe. - exhaust pipe
muffler. - "Like Muffin" silencer.
Jack - Domkrat
Floor Mat. - Rug on the floor of the car
Gas Can. - Canister with gas
Jumper Cables - electric pipelines of a large cross section
Spark plug - spark plug
Battery. - battery
Motor Oil - Machine oil
Dip Stick. - Masloe ruler
Funnel. - fuel
Steering Wheel - Rule
Horn. - Siren car
Honk. - Automotive beep.
Speedometer. - Speedometer
Fuel Gauge. - Fuel meter
Stick SHIFT / Gear Shift - manual transmission
Pedals. - Pedals
Clutch. - clutch
Brake. - Pedal Brakes
Accelerator - Acceleration pedal
Phrases and expressions that you need when renting a car.
In the journey it is very convenient to rent a car. You can call and book a car or rent in place.
If you can ask at the airport, "Where Is the Rental Car Booth?" (Where is the Bureau for renting a car?) Or "WHERE CAN I RENT A CAR?" (Where can I book a car?)
After you arrived at the place, ask whether there are available cars (available). Usually say:
« Hi. I Would Like to Rent A Car. " Greetings I want to rent a car
« Do You Have Any Cars Available? " Do you have cars available?
You may ask, "Did You Make A Reservation?" (You booked in advance?) If there are no cars available, then they can say " I'm Sorry, We Do Not Have Any Cars Available Today. "(Sorry, we have no cars in stock today). Then look on, by the way, at the airports a lot of car rental agencies. Unless of course the peak season, you can call and book a car.
In the agency you may ask:
"What Size Car Would You Like?" - What size do you prefer?
« What Type of Car Would You Like? " What type of machine do you want?
What Type of Car Do You Need? " What kind of car do you need?
"What sizes do you have?" What are your size in stock?
« What Are My Options? " What is my choice?
« We Have Compact, MidSize, Full Size, Luxury, SUV, and a minivan.«
We have compact, medium, full-size, luxury, SUVs and minivans.
HOW MUCH IS THE FULL SIZE CAR? " How much is a big car?
"How Much Is The MidSize Car?" How much is the machine of medium sizes?
« How Many Does Thefull Size Car Seat? " How many seats (how much space) in a large car?
« How Many Can Fit in the midsize car? " How much to fit in the middle car?
«I'll Take a Midsize Car. "I'll take the average
Consider 2 dialogue.
Rent a car.
Jack: Welcome to Cyprus Ride. CAN I HELP YOU?
Miss Cara: I Need to Rent A Car.
Jack: Do You Know Our Website? Maybe, you have reserved the car there?
Miss Cara: No, I Learned About My Trip Just 2 Days Ago
Jack: That`s Okay. Let US SEE, What Cars Are Available. What Size Do You Prefer?
Miss Cara: NOT BIG
Jack: We Have Sevel Economy- Sized Two Door Coupes Available and a Few Sedans. Howl Long Wil You Need A CAR?
Miss Cara: For Four Days
Jack: How Much Driving Do You Plan To Do?
Miss Cara: Why Do You Ask About IT?
Jack: You can Choose Our Unlimited Milage Plan for 5 Days. IT COSTS 100 Dollars
Miss Cara: No, Just From My Office To the Mountains
Jack: OK, THEN 10 DOLLARS A DAY. Do You Have a Valid Driving License?
Miss Cara: Yes, I do.
Jack: OK. Would You Like to Purchase Our Insurance Plan for An Extra 15 Per Day? IT`ll Cover Any Damages to The Car.
Miss Cara: No, Thank You.
Jack: OK. Bye for now
Miss Cara: BYE.
need to Rent - Need to book
have reserved. - reserved
learned - found out
available - in stock
prefer. - prefer
coupes. - coupe
sedan. - sedan
unlimited Mileage Plan. - unlimited mileage in miles
valid DRIVING LICENSE. - existing driver's license
pURCHASE OUR INSUARANCE PLAN - Buy insurance plan
damages. - damage, losses.
At gas station.
Gas Station Attendant: What can i do for you?
You: Fill It Up, Please ... Hey, How Far Is Philadelphia from Here?
Gas Station Attendant: IT's About 100 Miles From Here.
You: What's The Best Way to Get There?
Gas Station Attendant: Take the 95. That Will Take You All The Way to Philadelphia.
You: Thanks. Is the 95 A Toll Highway?
Gas Station Attendant: NO, IT's FREE. Would You Like Me to Clean Your Windshield?
You: Yes, Please ... and Could You Check My Oil As Well?
Gas Station Attendant: All Right ... All Done. THAT'LL BE $ 46.75.
You: Here you go.keep the change
fill It Up Please - Fill in gasoline please
best Way to Get - The best way to get there
toll Highway. - Paid highway
check My Oil. - Check by my oil
kEEP THE CHANGE. - Keep the change.
Idioms and expressions.
CAR BOOT SALE. Sale "From the trunk". (Car owners bring products to the park, at the sports ground and sell them directly from the car).
CAR POOL. Association of passenger car owners for joint one-country use. In Russia, not so popular advantage
- Saving fuel costs, repair, parking and fees.
- Reducing road congestion, when combining motorists-travelers in one machine.
- Emissions of harmful gases decrease, which can reduce global warming.
- Passengers can avoid stress and driving load. Alternatingly by day, Carpool participants can take turns on the role of the driver.
Drive Bananas / Nuts. Madden. As in good and bad sense \u003d).
A great day
Motor vehicle, intended for the transport of passengers and having no more than 8 seats, not counting the driver's seat. Are divided into species depending on the type of body and engine working volume ... Source: Methodical ... ... Official terminology
A car - Saab 9000 Typical car passenger car car, designed to transport passengers and baggage, with a capacity of 2 to 8 people. With more places for passengers, the car is considered ... Wikipedia
a car - 2.2 Passenger car: car, excluding motorcycles, designed to transport maximum nine people. A source … Dictionary directory terms of regulatory and technical documentation
A car - A car intended for the transport of passengers and baggage, with a capacity of 2 to 8 people (including the driver). 4 5 local L. ae received the greatest distribution. With closed bodies. In the USSR L. a. Classified by ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
A CAR - car, intended. For the transport of passengers (from 2 to 8, including the driver) and baggage. In the USSR, depending on the working volume of the engine and the dry mass of the car, there are 5 classes L. A., in each of the 2 groups: a particularly small class up to 1.2 ... Big Encyclopedic Polytechnic Dictionary
A car - Car designed for the transport of passengers and baggage ... Car vocabulary
a car - Passenger or cargo-passenger car, having from two to eight passenger seats. Light trucks that have a permitted maximum mass of up to 3.5 tons are equated with passenger cars (the mass of the car with a cargo, driver and ... ... Encyclopedia Technics
Passenger - [HC], easy, passenger. Easily moving, not for the carriage of weights. Passenger trees. A car. ❖ Passenger cab driver for passengers, ANT. broom. Explanatory dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary Ushakov
CAR - (Greek. Autos himself and lat. Mobilis moving). The crew driven by some internal mechanical engine. A dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. Car crew moving without participation ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
car - car, car, car, wheels, wheel, car, iron, iron, car, suitcase, tires, iron horse, tin, motor, (iron, four-wheeled) friend, (auto) chassis, familyview, van, convertible dictionary of Russian synonyms . Car ... ... Synonym dictionary
Books
- A car. Study Guide for students of secondary vocational education institutions, Rodachev Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich. The study manual sets out a fundamental device and scheme of operation of mechanisms and systems of domestic passenger cars. The basics of maintenance and recommendations on elimination are given ... Buy for 989 UAH (Ukraine only)
- Passenger car, V. A. Rodicov. The distinctive features of the fundamental device and the operation of the mechanisms and systems of domestic passenger cars compared to cargoes are presented. Danies of maintenance and ...
If you arrived abroad, you may need to take the car for rent and maintain it, facing the need to speak English. In this section, we will teach you "machine" English.
If you need to take a rental car, you can make it directly at the airport at the Rental Agency Rack, for example Hertz., National, Avis, Enterprise.etc. It can also be done from the hotel, contacting the reception. In this case, the administrator will order a car for you, and it will be customized to the hotel.
Machine brands are usually not discussed. The price only affects class- class. Class cars are called: Economy- economy, Compact.- compact, Intermediate- Middle, Standard- standard, FULL- full, Premium.- Premium, Luxury.- Suite, Minivan- Minivan, SUV.(SPORT UTILITY VEHICLE.) - SUV
Below are the words and expressions on the automotive themes that you will need to study the dialogues in this lesson and in the journey.
Play words
aUTO SERVICE (car Service., garage., rEPAIR SHOP.) - auto service
car- a car
car Rent - car rental
convertible.- Convertible
minivan.- Minivan
pick-Up. - Pickup
sedan.- Sedan
sports Car - sport car
truck- Large jeep
engine- engine
driver's License. - driver's license
gAS.- gasoline
gas Station - Gas station
parking lot.- Parking
pump- column
Road Service. (Road Assistance) - Road Assistance
toll-Road. - toll road
tRANSMISSION.- Transmission
washer Fluid - glass fiber
windshield Wipers. - Ukrainians
Examine a dialogue that could happen in a rolling agency.
Play Renting A SAR AT THE AIRPORT
- Hello. How're You? - Hello! How are you?
- Good, Thanks. How MAY I Help You? - Thank you, good. How may I help you?
- I'D Like to Rent A Car. - I would like to rent a car.
- CERTAINLY. What Class Do You Have In Mind? - Sure. What class would you like?
- Premium. - Premium.
- OK, IT Would BE An Audi A5. For How Long Would You Like to Rent A CAR? - Okay. It will be "Audi" A5. How much do you want to rent a car?
- My Return Flight IS in Three Days. - My reverse flight will be three days later.
- OK. The Rate IS 45 Dollars Per Day. That Makes IT 135 Dollars. Keep in Mind That Our Check-Out Time IS 2 PM. So, If You Would Need Eider Come to The Airport a Few Hours Earlier or Pay for the Late Return. What Would You Prefer? - Okay. Tariff 45 dollars a day. This will be $ 135. Keep in mind that you will need to pass the car at two in the afternoon. Therefore, if your flight is later, you will have to come to the airport a few hours earlier or pay for late return of the car. What do you prefer?
- My Flight IS 10.30 PM. I don't Want to Spend The Whole Day At The Airport. I'd Rather Pay More. - My flight is ten thirty evenings. I do not want to spend all day at the airport. I'm better thanking more.
- OK. May I Have Your Driver's License, Please?- Okay. Can I be right, please?
- HERE IT IS. - Here, take it.
- Everything Looks Fine. May I Have Your Credit Card, Please? - Everything is fine. Can I have your credit card, please?
- Sure. Where do I Pick Up the Car?- Sure. Where can I pick up the car?
- The Shuttle Stops Outside Exit B. It'll Bring You to the Hertz Lot; You Will Give This Booking Ticket to the Attendant and He Will Bring You Your Car. - The bus will stop
Near the exit B. He will take you to the "Hertz" parking lot. You will give your receipt about booking an employee, and he will deliver your car.
- What if I Have a Problem with the Car? - And what if I have problems with the car?
- Our Company Provides A 24-Hour Emergency Road Service. Just Call This Toll-Free Number from Anywhere In The Country and A Representative Will Make Arrangements for The Road Service Team To Be On Your Way As Soon As Possible. - Our company provides round-the-clock support on the roads. You can simply call this free number from anywhere in the country, and the representative of the company organizes help so quickly as possible.
- Thank you Very Much. - Thank you so much.
Comment
1. check-Out Time - time when you need to be discharged from the hotel or, in this case, take a car; The expression is applicable in various situations.
2. rETURN FLIGHT. - return flight
3. late Return. - Later Return (car)
4. I'd Rather Do Something ... - Rather (better) I will do something ...
5. toll-Free. - free; toll.- Collection, fee, for example: toll Road. - toll road
6. make Arrangements - organize anything to agree on anything
If with the car you have rented, something happened, you contact your rental agency. Below is a list of some problems that may occur during the operation of the car.
Play problems
I have a Flat Tire. - I have a puncture in the wheel.
There's Something Wrong With the Battery. I CAN'T START THE CAR. - Some problem with the battery. I can't start the car.
The Engine Is Not Running Well. - The engine works badly.
The Windshield Wiper Is Broken. - broke the janitor.
There's a Harsh Grinding When I Put The Transmission Into Reverse. - There is a loud grinding when I turn on the rear gear.
My Transmission IS Shot. - flew box.
The Brakes Are Not Working. - Do not work brakes.
I Need An Oil Change. - You need to change the oil.
Play Problems With The Car
- Hi! My Name IS Todd Harris. I'm Renting A Car From You and I Have A Problem with IT. - Hello! My name is Todd Harris. I took a rental car with you, and now I have a problem.
- Hello! Could I Please Have Your Booking Number? IT's In The Top Right Corner of Your Rental Agreement. - Hello. Can I find out your reservation number? He is in the upper right corner of your lease agreement.
- The Number IS 435C. - number 435c.
- Okay. While I open your file, please describe what is the problem?
- I have a Flat Tire. - I have a puncture in the wheel.
- I See. Are you OK, SIR? Were You Able to Pull to the Side of the Road? - Clear. Are you alright, sir? Have you been able to get to the side of the road?
- There's Nothing Wrong With Me, I'm OK. I Just Need to Continue My Trip. - Everything is fine with me. I just need to continue the way.
- NOT A PROBLEM. Stay Where You Are. WE'LL LOCATE YOU AND OUR ROAD SERVICE TEAM WILL BE THERE IN THIRTY MINUTS. THEY WILL CHAHGE THE TIRE. - No problems. Stay in place. We will define your location, and our team support will arrive in thirty minutes. They will replace the wheel.
- Thank you Very Much. I AppReciate Your Help. - Thank you so much. I appreciate your help.
Comment
1. nature of the Problem - literally: nature problems; Translate: the nature of the problem is what the problem is what is the problem
2. flat Tire - literally: flat tire; Translate: puncture in the wheel
Play. Problem with the Windshield Wiper
- Hi! My Name Is Karen Davis. I'm Renting A Car From You and I Have A Problem with IT. - Hello! My name is Karen Davis. I took the car for your rental, and I have a problem with her.
- The Number IS 8446S. - number 8446s.
- OK. While I'm Opening Your File Would You Please DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM? - Okay. While I open your file, could you describe what is the problem?
- Well, One of the Windshield Wipers Is Damaged to the Point It's Not moving and It's Raining Outside. - One of the janitors is damaged to such a state that it does not move, and it rains on the street.
- I'm at My Hotel. - I am at the hotel.
- Would You Please Give Me The Name and Address of the Hotel?- Please give the name and address of the hotel.
- I'm Staying AT The Hyatt, At 75 Eastwood Road, La. - I am in Hayyat, on Eastwood Road 75, in Los Angeles.
- OK. This Is What You Need To Do. Find Quick Repairs Auto Service AT 23 Benton St. IT's Two Miles North Of Your Hotel. THEY'LL TAKE CARE OF YOU. You don't Pay Anything, But Don't Forget to Ask for An Invoice; You Will Give It To The Cerrk WHEN YOU RETURN THE CAR. - Okay. You need to do the following. Find the Quick Reeears car service at Benton Street, House 20. This is two miles north of your hotel. They fix breaks. You do not need to pay anything, just do not forget to ask the receipt; You will give it to our employee when you return the car.
- Thank you Very Much. - Thank you so much.
Comment
1. damaged To The Point It's Not Moving - literally: damaged to such a point that does not move; Translation is carried out by context, for example: damaged to such a state that does not move
2. at the hayatt. - in "Hayyat"; Please note that the name of the network hotel is used with Article their.
3. aT 75 EASTWOOD ROAD; Please note that in English the room of the house or building is placed before the street name, and the street name is used without article.
4. THEY'LL TAKE CARE OF YOU. - literally: they will take care of you; This is meant: they will be fixed (fix) breakdown.
5. invoice.- receipt for payment of something
Play Problem with the Transmission
- Hi! My Name IS Lauren Black. I'm Renting A Car From You and I Have A Problem with IT.- Hello! My name is Lauren Black. I took a rental car with you, and now I have a problem with her.
- Hello. Could I Please Have Your Booking Number? IT's In The Top Right Corner of Your Rental Agreement.- Hello! Can I find out your booking number? He is in the upper right corner of your lease agreement.
- The Number IS 760K. - number 760K.
- OK. While I'm Opening Your File, Would You Please DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM?- Okay. While I open your file, could you describe what is the problem?
- Well, There's a Harsh Grinding When I Put The Transmission Into Reverse. - When I switch to the rear gear, a sharp grinding is distributed in the box.
- Do You Know How It's Happened?- Do you know how it happened?
- NO IDEA. I Noticed IT Just Now.- I have no idea. I just noticed it.
- OK, Ma'am. Where Are You Right Now? - Good, ma'am. Where are you now?
- I'm at the St. Mitchel Hotel, AT 162 Alcazar Avenue, Coral Gables, Florida."I am at the hotel" Saint Mitchell ", at Avenue Alcazar, house 162, Corel Gables, Florida.
- OK. This is what you do now. You Need to Find Mr. Joe's Garage AT 45 Melrose St. Take Alcazar Avenue and Drive Straight Three Blocks. Then Take A Right. Mr. Joe's Garage Will Be On The Right Side. - Okay. You need to do the following. Find the Mister Joe car service at Mallrowz Street, 45. You need to drive directly on Avenue Alcazar three quarters. Then turn right. Mr. Joe's car service will be on the right side.
- Will I Have to Pay for the Repairs? - Do I have to pay for repairs?
- No. You don't Pay Anything, But Keep The Invoice; You Will Give It To The Cerrk WHEN YOU RETURN THE CAR. - Not. You do not have to pay anything, but save the receipt; You will give it to our employee when you return the car.
- Thank you. - Thank you.
If you need to refuel, then you are going on gas Station - refueling station to gas a car (get Gas.) - refuel. At the dressing, you drive up to pump- column and choose the type of gasoline: unleaded Regular, unleaded Plus. (clean.), premium Gas. (super Clean.). There is still diesel fuel - diesel[DIːZəL].
Words on the topic "Car" is a rather large layer of vocabulary in English. It includes numerous terms about the car, road, road rules. In this article, we will consider the most commonly used vocabulary, which is not used by car mechanics, and all who water the car.
A selection of words and expressions is divided into five topics. The first three are nouns (parts of the car, the details of the cabin, the road), I did not add examples of suggestions to them, since their use should not have difficulties. The verbs on the topic "Driving", "Alarm" are shown with examples to be clearer how they are used.
Please note that in the automotive vocabulary in English contains many words different in the British and American language variants. They are marked by Abbrevia UK (British Option) and US (American Option).
Basic parts of the car in English
| headlights. | lights |
| low Beams. | middle headlights |
| high Beams. | far lights |
| bUMPER (UK) | bumper (UK) |
| fENDER (US) | bumper (US) |
| windshield (US) | windshield (US) |
| windscreen (UK) | windshield (UK) |
| wipers (Windshield Wipers) | wipers |
| boot (UK) | trunk (UK) |
| trunk (US) | trunk (US) |
| rEAR VIEW MIRROR. | rearview mirror |
| sideView Mirrors | side mirrors |
| tYRE (UK) | camera, Tire (UK) |
| tire (US) | camera, Tire (US) |
| flat Tire | flat tire |
| wheel | wheel |
| steering Wheel | rule |
| bonnet (UK) | roof, hood (UK) |
| hood (US) | roof, hood (US) |
| tank. | tank |
| taillights. | rear lights |
| door | a door |
| silencer (UK) | silencer (UK) |
| muffler (US) | silencer (US) |
| spare Parts. | spare parts |
| spare Tire | spare wheel |
| petrol (UK) | gasoline (UK) |
| gAS (US) | gasoline (US) |
| licence Plate. | plate number |
| licence Plate Number | car number |
| make | car model |
| model | car model |
Notes:
- With word fender.(bumper) is an interesting expression fender-bender. (To bend - bending). This is called a small accident with insignificant damage to the car.
- The car number is different, more officially, may be called vehicle Registration Number. In colloquial so long they usually do not say, preferring options: registration Number, Plate Number, License Plate Number, License Plate.
- You can meet words license and Licency. In all the variants of English, except American, licency - this is a noun, and license. - This is a verb. In American English does not use the word licency, and the word license. Maybe the verb, and nouns. In this regard, the car number may be called license Plate. (USA) or licence Plate. (other countries).
In the car (parts of the cabin)
| dashboard. | dashboard |
| back Seat. | backseat |
| front Seat. | front seat |
| seatBelt. | safety belt |
| door Lock. | door lock |
| door handle | doorhandle |
| gLOVEBOX (Glovie) | bardac |
| horn. | beep |
| accelerator | gas pedal |
| brake. | brake pedal |
| clutch. | clutch pedal |
| handbrake. | hand brake |
| lighter. | cigarette |
| mANUAL TRANSMISSION (UK) | manual gearbox (UK) |
| standart (US) | manual gearbox (US) |
| automatic Transmission | automatic transmission |
| gEARSHIFT. | shift lever (manual) |
| gear Selector | transmission lever (on automatic. Box) |
| airbag. | air bag |
Notes:
- horn. - it is the beep himself, signal - to Honk. (The Horn).
- With word back Seat. (rear seat) there is an expression bACK SEAT DRIVER.- Literally, "The driver in the backseat". So they talk about the passenger, who tells the driver, how to go, as well as, in a broader sense, about a person who loves to explain "how correctly", although he does not participate in the process.
English words on the topic "Road"
| road. | road |
| route. | route, highway |
| motorway (UK) | highway (UK) |
| highway (US) | highway (US) |
| onRamp. | departure to the highway |
| lane | strip of movement |
| lane Marking (Road Surface Marking) | road markup |
| speed \u200b\u200bBump. | lying policeman |
| crossroad (UK) | crossroads (UK) |
| iNTERSECTION (US) | crossroads (US) |
| road Sign. | road sign |
| traffic Light | traffic light |
| pavement (UK) | pavement (UK) |
| sIDEWALK (US) | sidewalk (US) |
| crosswalk. | crosswalk |
| pedestrian. | a pedestrian |
| cAR PARK (UK) | parking (UK) |
| parking lot (US) | parking (US) |
| parking Space. | parking place |
| traffic | road traffic |
| traffic jam | bung |
| rush Hour. | peak hour |
Expressions on the topic "Driving a car"
- to Buckle Up. - Fight
Make Sure That The Passengers Are buckled up.. - Make sure the passengers are fastened.
- to Fasten (Put ON) SeatBelt - wear seat belt
Fasten Your Seatbelts., Please. - Please fasten the belts.
- to Brake. - to brake
Do You Know How to Brake.? - Do you know how to slow down?
- to Hit The Brakes (talk.) - slow down (talk)
I HAD TO. hit The Brakes. WHEN I SAW A PEDESTINIAN. - I had to slow down when I saw a pedestrian.
- to Stall - Stick (about the engine)
CAN You Help Me? My Car stalled. - Could you help me? My car stalled.
- to Step On The Accelerator - Press the gas
SHIFT INTO FIRST AND step on the Accelerator. - Switch to the first speed and press the gas.
- to Accelerate (To Speed \u200b\u200bUp) - Accelerate
YOU CAN speed \u200b\u200bUp. ON A HIGHWAY. - You can add speeds to the highway.
- to Reverse. - Take back
Please reverse carefully. There is a lemo behind us. - Please rent back carefully. There are limousine behind us.
- to Honk (The Horn) - signal (beep)
HE COULD NOT HEAR THE CAR honking Behind Him. - He did not hear how the car was buzzing.
- to make a U-turn - sharply unfold
He Struggled with the Steering Wheel, Attempting To make U-Turn. - He fought with the steering wheel, trying to make a sharp turn.
- to Follow The Speed \u200b\u200bLimit - comply with high-speed mode
WE CAN DRIVE WHERE WE WANT, BUT WE HAVE TO follow The Speed \u200b\u200bLimit. - We can drive, where we want, but are obliged to observe the high-speed regime.
- to Exceed The Speed \u200b\u200bLimit (To Speed) - exceed the speed
Don't exceed The Speed \u200b\u200bLimit, Speeding May Cause Collisions with Animals. - Do not exceed the speed, speeding can result in collision with animals.
- tO RUN A RED LIGHT - Riding a red light
I WAS IN HURRY AND rAN A RED LIGHT. - I hurried and drove on the red light.
- to tailgate. - ride back (in front of the car), do not observe the distance
Tailgating Causes Many Car Accidents. - non-compliance with the distance leads to many accidents.
- to Pull Over (OFF) - Stop (and move away from the roadway)
IF Your Car Starts to Overheat, pull Over Immediately. - If your car start overheat, stop immediately.
- to Pull Out Of Of Of Of - Leave (eg. With parking)
The Bus. pulled out of The Parking lot. - The bus left the parking lot.
- to cut (someone) off - Cup
I Speeded Up and Someone cut Me Off. - I added Gaza, and someone cut me off.
- to Park. - Parking
Sorry, you can't park. Here. - Sorry, you can't park here.
- to pass a car - overtake the car
The "Do Not Pass" Sign Indicates That passing a car IS Prohibited. - The "Obgon is prohibited" sign indicates that it is impossible to overtake the car.
- to Change Lanes. - move to another strip, rebuild
THE DRIVER DECIDED TO change Lanes. But Didn't make sure that it was safe to do. - The driver decided to rebuild on another strip, but did not make sure that it was safe.
- to Change Gear. - Switch the transfer
Learn How To. change Gear. FIRST. - First learn to switch the transfer.
- to Run Out Of Gas (Petrol) - Consider fuel
Where Is the Nearest Gas Station? We Are running Out Of Gas. - Where is the nearest refueling? The gasoline ends.
- to Fill Up (The CAR) - fill the car)
Always fill Up the Car BEFORE A LONG DRIVE. - Always refuel the car before a long trip.
- to Flag (Someone) DOWN \\ Wave Someone Down - brake the car (gesture)
The Police Officer. flagged Me Down. AND ASKED FOR A DRIVERS LICENCE.
- to Get In. - get in the car
Get in! Get In.the CAR! - Sit down! Sit into the car!
- to Get Out. - get out of the car
I'd Like To. get Out. AT The Post Office. - I would like to go out by the post office.
- to Pick (Someone) Up - Choose a passenger
Can You. pick Me Up. AT Nine O'Clock? - Can you pick me up at nine hours?
- to Drop (Someone) OFF - Spring passengers
DROP HIM OFF. AT The Nearest Subway Station. - Slide it with the nearest metro station.
- to indicate. - Show Turn
Never Turn Without. indicating. - Never turn, without showing the turn.
- to Drive Off - Leaving from somewhere
I SHUT THE DOOR AND THE CAB dROVE OFF.. - I closed the door and the taxi left.
- to Give (Someone) A LIFT (UK) - drive (UK)
- to Give (Someone) A Ride (US) - Drive (US)
Can You. give Me A Ride, Please? - Could you pass me?
Expressions on the topic "Accident, problems with the machine"
- cAR Accident (Car Crush) - car accident
In The Beginning of the Movie A FEW PEOPLE DIED IN A Car Accident. - At the beginning of the film, several people died in a car accident.
- to Have A Flat Tire (Puncture) - Punch the wheel
ON THE WAY TO THE AIRPORT, WE HAD Aflat Tire. - On the way to the airport we lowered the wheel.
- to Break Down. - break (about the car)
Sorry, I'm Gonna Be Late, My Car bROKE DOWN.. "Sorry, I'm late, my car broke down."
- tow Truck - Avacuator
There Is Nothing You Can Do, Call A tow Truck. - You can't do anything here, call the tow truck.
- to Tow. - Evacuate
Cars Parked on The Road Will Be towed. - Machines left on the road will be evacuated.
- to Run Into (Someone) - crash into someone
The First Time I Was Driving A Car, I ran Into a Tree. - For the first time, when I drove the car, I crashed into a tree.
- to slam on the brakes - dramatically slow down
The Driver In Front Of Me sLAMMED ON THEbrakes. AND I NEARLY RAN INTO HIM . - The driver in front of me slowed down sharply, and I almost crashed into it.
- to Run Over (Someone) - move someone
IT LOOKS LIKE THEY ARE GOING TO run Over Someone. - It seems they will move someone now.
- to sideswipe - touch the car on the side
See Those Scratches? I GOT. sideswiped By some idiot. - Do you see these scratches? Some idiot burned me.
- to REAR-END - enter the back in the car
I Broke Suddenly and She rear-ended me. - I sharply slowed down, and she drove into me from behind.
- to veer into oncoming traffic - Leave (sharply) to the oncoming lane
His Car veered. iNTO ONCOMING TRAFFIC And Ran Into A Tractor. - His car rolled into the oncoming and crashed into a tractor.
- to Drive on the Wrong Side of the Road - Ride not on that side (on the counter)
AND THEN I NOTICED THAT WE WERE driving On The Wrong Side Of The Road. - And then I noticed that we were driving on the oncoming lane.
- to Lose Control - not to cope with management
THE DRIVER lOST CONTROL And The Car Ran Into A Brick Wall. - The driver did not cope with the control, and the car crashed into a brick wall.
- to SKID - get into the skid
The Car. skidded. On a Patch of Ice and Veered Into a Snow Bank. - The car listed on ice and carried into a snowdrobe.
- to Roll Over - turn over
THE DRIVER WAS THROWN FROM HIScAR WHEN IT. rolled.over. - The driver threw out of the car when she turned over.
- dRUNK DRIVING - drunk driving
THERE ARE LAWS AGAINST dRUNK DRIVING, But Not Against Driving WITH A Hangover. - There are laws forbidding drunk driving, but not driving with a hangover.
- reckless Driving. - Dangerous driving
Their Car Rolled Over, Possibly As A Result Ofreckless Driving.. - Their car turned over, perhaps as a result of dangerous driving.
- distracted Driving - Inattentive Rugs
Distracted Driving Is The Act of Driving While Engaged in Other Activities Such As Talking On The Phone. - Inattentive driving is driving, in which the driver is engaged in unauthorized affairs, such as talking on the phone.
- to Hit and Run - knock down a person and hide
She Was. hit and Run. But Fortunately She Was Not Heavily Injured. - She was shot down the car, which was then disappeared, but fortunately, she did not receive heavy injuries.
- to Have a Head-On Collision - cut into the forehead, make a direct encounter
WHEN ROBERT TRIED TO PASS A CAR HE hAD A HEAD-ON COLLISION With a truck. "When Robert tried to overtake the car, he made a direct collision with a truck."
- a Driving Ban. - deprivation of rights
I GOT A TWO YEARS dRIVING BAN. for drunk driving. - I was deprived of rights for two years for drunk driving.
Vinitin Sergey
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Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation
FGOU VPO Bryukhtsky branch of the "Kuban State Agricultural University"
Scientific - practical conference on the topic "Best Research, Experimental-Design, Creative Work"
R & D: "Contemporary car device»
(in English)
Leader: Yakuba N.A., Foreign Language Teacher.
art. Bryukhovetsky-2010
Currently, the sociocultural context of studying a foreign language has changed, the professional significance of a foreign language in the labor market has significantly increased .. From the subject of the secondary item, it became one rank with the most popular disciplines in Russia, in particular, in Kuban, economic relations with English-speaking countries are expanding ( America, England, etc.). Currently, Kuban enterprises require specialists who speak English. Materials in English, submitted in this research work, serve as one of the ways to form technical thinking of future specialists.
Scientific research work in English is intended for students of technical specialties, as well as all who are interested in technology and want to expand their knowledge of English.
The research work includes 3 sections, each section contains several texts, a dictionary and exercises are given to each text. Exercises are built on a basic lexico-grammatical material. The presented tasks are built on the basis of differentiated selection of language and text materials, taking into account the characteristics of foreign language communication in the field of technology and engineering.
The goal of research work is to introduce English, with various issues of car device, as well as basic concepts and terms of mechanical engineering.
Basic information - car device.
Materials of work can be used both in the course of independent work of students over the language and practical classes under the guidance of the teacher.
Introduction 3.
Section 1. "The Types of Engines" 4
Topic "Engine" 4
Topic "Steam Engine." five
Topic "Diesel Engine" 7
Topic " Is An Internal Combustion Engine Wrench? " nine
Section 2 "Starter Motor. Driver's Cabin. The Chassis »12
Topic " Starter Motor. How The Driver Starts The Car? "12
Topic " Driver's Cabin. The Chassis and The Body. " fourteen
Section 3 "Systems in the Construction of A Automobile" 16
Topic "Cooling System" 16
Topic "Fuel System. Brakes. eighteen
Topic "Drivihg System" 20
Technical translation 23.
Used literature 27.
Appendix 28.
Section 1. "The Types of Engines"
Topic "Engine"
1. Vocabulary.
to make - Make
to be referred to as - refer to
to term - call
to Cause - make, cause, cause
although - although
to Create - Create
shaft - Val.
engine - Engine
source - source
wheel - Wheel
combustion Chamber - Camera combustion
to Take Place - happen
Engine
The Engine Is The Source of Power That Makes The Wheels Go Around and The Car Move. IT is usually referred to as an Internal Combustion Engine Because Gasoline Is Burned Within Its Cylinders or Combustion Chambers.
This Burning, Or Combustion, Takes Place An A High Speed \u200b\u200bTermed AS An "Explosion". The High Pressure Thus Created Causes A Shaft to Turn or Rotate.
This Rotary Motion Is Transmitted To The Car So The Wheels Rotate and The Car Moves. Most Automobile Engines Have Four Or Six Cylinders, Although Some Eight-, Twelve- and Sixteen Cylinder Engines Are in Use.
3. Answer The Questions:
1. What is Transmitted to the Car So The Wheels Rotate?
2. How Many Cylinders Have Most Automobile Engines?
3. What Is the Source of Power?
4. What Can You Say About Internal Combustion Engine?
4. Fill in Missing Words:
1. This burning, or Combustion, Takes Place An (high speed).
2. Gasoline IS (burns inside the cylinders) or Combustion Chambers.
3. Power That Makes The (wheels rotate) And The Car Move.
4. The High Pressure Thus Created Causes A (shaft rotates) or Rotate.
5. MOST (Automotive engines) Have Four or Six Cylinders.
5. Translate Into Russian:
- car Moves.
- high Pressure
- internal Combustion Engine.
- wheels Go Around
- source of Power
- rotary Motion.
- sixteen Cylinder Engines
- tRANSMITTED TO THE CAR
- Most Automobile Engines.
- within Its Cylinders.
Topic "Steam Engine."
1. Vocabulary.
steam Cest - Paros Collection
the More ... The More - the more .... More
mostly - mostly mostly
to Invent - to invent
to boil - boiled
pipe - Pipe
steam - Par
valves - Valve
piston - Piston
to REACH - reach
pressure - pressure
stroke - Poke
speed \u200b\u200b- speed
opening - Hole
2. READ AND TRANSLATE THE TEXT.
Steam Engine.
The Steam Engine Was The First High-Speed \u200b\u200bEngineever invented. The Principle of the Steam Engine Is Simple. When Water Is Boiled, It Changes in to Steam. The More The Steam IS Heated, The More Pressure It Has.
A Steam Engine Has Some Important Parts. One is a Boiler Where Fire Turns Water Into Steam. The Steam Goes Through A Pipe to the Steam Caston in It. The Steam Goes of Through A Cylinder and A Piston in It There Are Valves, Or Openings, In The Steam Cest. AS The Piston Moves in the Cylinder, It Opens and Closes The Valves Automatically, So That Fresh Steam Enters Just When The Piston Has Reached the End of Its Stroke. A Rod From the Piston Is Connected to A Wheel.
NOW Steam Engines Are Mostly Used in Locomotives.
3. Answer The Questions:
1. What is Connected to a Wheel?
2. What Are Some Important Parts of a Steam Engine?
3. What Can You say about the principle of the steam engine? 3. WHAT CAN YOU SAY ABOUT THE PRINCIPLE OF THE STEAM ENGINE?
4. Are there Are Valves, Or Openings, in the Steam Cest?
5. How NOW Steam Engines Are Mostly used?
4. Fill in Missing Words:
1. ONE IS A BOILER WHERE __________WATER INTO STEAM.
2. A ROD from the Piston ___________TO A Wheel.
3. THE STEAM ENGINE WAS THE FIRST ____________EEVERinvented.
4. As the _______________________________________________________________________________________________________, So That Fresh Steam Enters Just When The Piston Has Reached the End of Its Stroke.
Missing Words: Fire Turns, Valves Automatically, High-Speed \u200b\u200bEngine, Is Connected, Piston Moves.
5. TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH:
- couple heats up
- piston moves
- important parts
- fire turns water
- high-speed engine
- parostelectric with cylinder
- end of stroke
- connect with wheel
- large pressure
Topic "Diesel Engine"
1. Vocabulary.
gallon - Gallon - English. (4.54 l); Amer. (3.78 l).
besides - besides except
to Last - Long, continue, persist
screw - Screw
like - similar like
directly - directly, directly
alone - one, only
immediately - immediately, immediately
spray - splashes, jet, spray, spray
fuel - fuel
to Inject - Injection
to Ignite - light
to use - use
2. READ AND TRANSLATE THE TEXT.
Diesel Engine
A Diesel Engine Is Like A Gasoline Engine But Simpler. Diesel Engines Are Usually Larger and Can Do More Work. The Fuel Used in a Diesel Engine Is Oil. In Diesel Engines Only Air Is Blown Into The Cylinder. IT Does Not Need Spack Plugs. Diesel Engines Can.bE FOUR - STROKE ONES AND TWO - STROKE ONES.
Diesel Engines Use a Cheper Kind of Fuel and Give More Power For Each Gallon of Fuel Burned Than Gasoline Engines. Besides They Last Much Longer. In NEW Trains and Ships Diesel Engines Run Large Generators Which Make Electricity. The Electricity Runs Motors Which Are Connected to the Wheels of the Trein or to the ship "s screws.
The Diesel Engine IS An Internal Combustion Engine. IT USES OIL AS A FUEL. The Fuel Is Introduced in The Form of Spray And The Engine Requires No Special Ignition Device.
In The Four-Stroke Cycle Diesel Engine Air Alone Is Drawn Into The Cylinder on the Charging Stroke. This Air Is Being Compressed on the Return Stroke to a Very High Pressure. The Result of the Combustion Is That The Air Is Heated to a High Temperature.
The Heavy Oil Injected Inteo Will Be Immediately Ignited by IT. The Oil Burns Rapidly, But Without Explosion. The Compression Pressure Is Much Higher Than That In Any Other Oil Or Gas Engine.
3. Answer The Questions:
1. What happened at the end of the Stroke?
2. Is in the Four-Stroke Cycle Diesel Engine Air or Petrol Drawn INTO The Cylinder on the Charge Stroke?
3. What is the result of the combojection?
4. What is fuel Used in a Diesel Engine?
5. A DIESEL ENGINE IS LIKE A GASOLINE ENGINE BUT SIMPLER, ISN'T IT?
6. How Diesel Engines Are Used in New Trains and Ships?
4. Fill in Missing Words:
1. The ___________is an Internal Combustion Engine.
2. This Air Is Being ________on The Return Stroke.
3. THE ELECTRICITY _________________ _________ _________.
4. Diesel Engines Use a Cheper _________and Give More Power for Each Gallon of ________Than Gasoline Engines.
5. In Diesel Engines Only Air ______into The Cylinder.
Bank of Words: Compressed, Fuel Burned, Diesel Engine, Ship "S Screws, Runs Motors, Kind of Fuel, Is Blown.
5. True or False:
- In NEW Trains and Plane Diesel Engines Run Large Generators Which Make Electricity.
- The Fuel Used in a Diesel Engine Is Petrol.
- In The Four-Stroke Cycle Diesel Engine Air Alone Is Drawn Into The Cylinder on the Charging Stroke.
- The Oil Burns Slowly, But Without Explosion.
- In NEW Trains and Ships Diesel Engines Run Large Generators Which Make Electricity.
Topic " Is An Internal Combustion Engine Wrench? "
1. Vocabulary.
detachable - removable
secure - Strengthen, attach
to Exert - influence, influence
duration - duration, duration
succession - sequence
to comprise - include, enter into yourself
to succeed - follow something
admission - arrival, access, entrance
motion - Movement
to Take Place - happen to happen
to secure - guard, prevent
iNTERNAL COMBUTION ENGINE - Internal combustion engine
mechanical Energy - Mechanical Energy
to consist of - consist of ... ..
inside - Inside
crankshaft - Crankshaft
rotary - rotating
flywheel - flywheel
iNLET. valve - inlet valve
eXHAUST VALVE - exhaust valve
camshaft - camshaft
constantly - permanent
majority - Most.
revolution - Turn
2. READ AND TRANSLATE THE TEXT.
Is An Internal Combustion Engine Wrench?
The Gasoline Engine Is That Type of Machine Where Power Generated Within The Cylinders. The Engine Is Set In Motion by The Explosions of a Mixture of Gasoline and Air.
Combustion Takes Place Above The Pistons. The Detachable Head Is Secure To The Top of the Cylinder Block. IT Encloses The Cylinderblock and Forms The Combustion Chamber. When The Fuel Is Burnt Within The Cylinders The Expansion of Gases Issed for Producing Piston Movement. SUCH A TYPE OF ENGINE IS CALLED THEinternal Combustion Engine.
In ANY INTERNAL COMBUTION ENGINE THE GAS CHARGE IS DRAWN INTO THE CYLINDER.
The Internal Combustion Engine Converts Heat Into Mechanical Energy by Burning A Mixture of Oil Fuel and Air Within Its Cylinder or Cylinders. The Internal Combustion Engine Consists of The Following: 1. A Cylinder (There May Be Several). 2. A Piston Which Moves Up and Down Inside Cylinder. 3. A CRANKSHAFT CONNECTED TO THE PISTON BY A ROD KNOWN AS A CONNETING ROD. The Connecting Rod Turns The Up-and-Down Motion of The Piston Into A Rotary Motion of the Crankshaft. 4. A Flywheel Which Keeps The Crankshaft Moving When The Pressure Is Exeredted Upon The Top of the Piston. 5. TWO VALVES KNOWN AS THE INLETvalve and The Exhaust Valve. 6. A CAMSHAFT Which is Used to Open and Close the Valves. "Combustion engines may be divided into types according to the duration of the cycle on which they operate. By a cycle is meant the succession of operations in the engine cylinder which constantly repeats itself. The great majority of modern automobile engines operate on the four- Stroke Cycle.
IT IS Completed in Four Strokes of the Piston, or During Two Revolution of the Crankshaft. Engines Are Also Being Built to Operate on a Cycle Which Is Completed in Two Piston Strokes. The Four-Stroke Cycle Comprises The Following Four Phases Or Operations, Which Succeed One Another In The Order in Which Are Given: Admission of the Charge to the Cylinder. Compression of the Charge. Combustion of the Charge. Expulsion of the Products of Combustion.
3. Answer The Questions:
1. What are the Operations in the Four-Stroke Cycle?
2. What can you say about Gasoline Engine?
3.Discribe The Internal Combustion Engine.
4. A CAMSHAFT WHICH IS Used to Open and Close the Valves, Isn't IT?
5. Why Is Such A Type of Engine Called TheiNTERNAL COMBUCTION ENGINE?
6. What Energy Does The Internal Combustion ENGINE CONVERT?
7. How Many Valves Are There in the Internal Combustion Engine? What Are you?
4. Fill in Missing Words:
1. IT IS Completed in (Four Toothes) of the Piston, OR DURING TWO Revolutions of the Crankshaft.
2. IN ANY INTERNAL COMBUTION ENGINE THE (FUEL) CHARGE IS (absorbed) The Cylinder.
3. The Detachable Head Is SecureD to The Top of The (Cylinder Block).
4. The (Engine) is set in Motion by The Explosions of A (mix) of Gasoline and Air.
5. A (Owl) Which Keeps The (crankshaft) Moving When The Pressure Is Exeredted Upon The Top of the Piston.
6.it IS Completed in Four Strokes of The (Piston) or During Two
(rotation) of the Crankshaft.
5. Translate Into Russian:
- gasoline Engine
- combustion Chamber.
- air WitHin Its Cylinder
- close The Valves.
- two Revolution of the Crankshaft
- in Two Piston Strokes
- connecting Rod.
- great Majority.
- tHE INLET VALVE AND THE EXHAUST VALVE
- dURATION OF THE CYCLE
Section 2 "Starter Motor. Driver's Cabin.The Chassis and The Body. "
Topic " Starter Motor. How The Driver Starts The Car? "
1. Vocabulary.
Starter Motor - Electric starter
to Be Put Into Engagement (Zd.) - Coupling
toothed Ring - Toothed Crown
periphery - Rim
disengagement Gear - Switchned gear
to Project - Outside, Perform
moisture - moisture
to Arrange - embed
dust - Mud.
driver's Cabin - driver cab
action - action
To Release Pressure On The Clutch Pedal - Coupling
To disengage - Turn off
Direct Drive - Direct Transfer
Speed \u200b\u200b- speed
Hand Brake - Manual Brake
Lever - lever
Clutch Pedal - Clutch Pedal
Lightly - slightly
Accelerator Pedal - Gas Pedal
to Press - click
to increase - increase
gear SHIFT LEVER - Speed \u200b\u200bSwitching
2. READ AND TRANSLATE THE TEXT.
Starter Motor
The Starter Motor Is Mounted on The Left Side of the Engine. IT IS A Small Motor Enclosed to Prevent The Dust and Moisture from Entering. The Gear On The Starter Shaft Is So Arranged That. IT CAN BE PUT INTO ENGAGEMENT WITH A TOOTHED RING CUT ON THE PERIPHERY OF THE FLYWHEEL. The Starter Is Only Required to Work for a Few Seconds. An Automatic Disengagement Gear Is Used to Put It Out Of Action When The Engine Is Started.
A Steel Rod Connects IT with The Pedal That Projects Through The Floor of the Driver's Cabin. All That Is Necessary to Start The Car, Is To Press The Starting Pedal.
How The Driver Starts The Car?
Low Speed. The Driver Releases The Hand Brake Lever and Pressess on the Clutch Pedal in Order to Disengage The Clutch. He Moves The Gear Shift Lever To the Left and Back. IT IS The Low Speed \u200b\u200bPosition. He Releases Pressure On the Clutch Pedal and At The Same Time Presses Lightly On The Accelerator Pedal. NOW THE CAR IS STARTED. He Releases The Second Speed.
SECOND SPEED. The Driver Released Pressure On The Accelerator and Again Disengages The Clutch. He Moves The Gear Shift Lever Through The Neutral Position. HE RETURNS THE CLUTCH PEDAL TO ITS NORMAL POSITION AND PRESSES ON THE ACCELERATOR PEDAL. That is all. He Engages The High Speed.
High Speed. The Driver Disengages The Clutch As Before. He Pulls The Gear Shift Lever Back From the Second Position. HE Increases The Speed \u200b\u200bof the Engine. He Looks AT The Speedometer.
3. Answer The Questions:
1. How Starter Motor Is Mounted?
2. What can you say about an automatic disengagement?
3. How The Car Is Started?
4. Does the Driver Move the Gear Shift Lever Through the Neutral Position?
5. The Driver Increases The Speed \u200b\u200bOf The Engine At the High Speed, Doesn't He?
6. What Connects IT WITH THE PEDAL THAT PROJECTS THROUGH THE FLOOR OF THE DRIVER'S CABIN?
4. Fill in Missing Words:
The Gear On The _________is So Arranged That.
A Steel _______it with the pedal of the projects Through The Floor of the Driver's Cabin.
The Driver Disengages The ______as Before.
HE ________The Gear ________lexer Through The Neutral Position.
He ______pressure on the clutch pedal and at the ___________presses Lightly on the Accelerator Pedal.
An Automatic ___________gear IS Used to Put It Out of Action When the _______is started.
Bank of Words: Moves, Starter Shaft, Engine, Clutch, Releases, Disengment, Rod Connects, Shift, Same Time,
5. True or False:
The Gear On The Starter Shaft Is So Arranged That.
The Starter Motor Is Mounted on the Right Side of the Engine.
IT CANNOT BE PUT INTO ENGAGEMENT WITH A TOOTHED RING CUT ON THE PERIPhery Of The Flywheel.
He Releases Pressure On The Clutch Pedal and At The Same Time Presses Lightly on the Brake Pedal.
He Moves The Gear Shift Lever Through The Neutral Position.
Topic "Driver's Cabin. The Chassis and The Body. "
1. Vocabulary.
burn Button - Signal button
throttle LEVER - throttle lever
lighting Switch - Light Switch
gear SHIFT LEVER - Lever Change Speed
hEAD BRAKE LEVER - hand brake handle
To Jet In Motion - Move Move
Drive Shaft - Cardan Val
According to - according to
Capacity (Zd.) - Size, Capacity, Capacity
Steering Wheel - Steering
Steering Column - Steering Column
chassis - chassis
frame - Rama
Spring - Spring
Gear Box - Set of Gears
Propeller Shaft - screw screw
2. READ AND TRANSLATE THE TEXT.
Driver's Cabin.
There Are Many Control Levers in the Driver's Cabin. In Front Of The Driver's Seat There Are The Steering Column and The Steering Wheel. In The Middle of the Steering Wheel There Is The Horn Button. There Is Also a Lighting Switch on the Steering Wheel. What pedal is this? IT IS THE BRAKE PEDAL. What Pedal Is To the Left of IT? IT IS The Clutch Pedal. Where Is the Accelerator Pedal? IT IS To the Right of the Brake Pedal. What pedal is at the foot of the steping column? IT IS The Starter Pedal. There Is A Gear Shift Lever To the Right of the Driver. The Hand Brake Lever Is Beside It.
The Chassis ASD The Body.
We Divide The Car Into Two Capital Parts: The Chassis and the Body. The Chassis Is The Lower Part of The Car. IT CONSISTS OF A FRAME WITH AXLES, WHEELS AND SPRINGS, AND AN ENGINE WHICH TRANSMITS THE MOTION THROUGH, THE TRANSMISSION, TO THE WHEELS. The Engine Consists of a, Cylinder Block, Crankcase, Crankshaft and Many Other Parts. The Crankshaft Sets in Motion The Flywheel.
TRANSMISSION CONSISTS OF. The Clutch The Gear Box, Drive Shafts and Propeller Shafts. The Body Is The Upper Part of The Car. IT IS Designed According to the Capacity of the Frame.
3. Answer The Questions:
1. What Levers Are There in the Driver's Cabin?
2. WHERE IS THE HAND BRAKE LEVER?
3. WHERE IS THE STEERING WHEEL?
4. WHERE IS THE LIGHTING SWITCH?
5. WHERE IS THE GEAR SHIFT LEVER?
6. INTO WHAT TWO CAPITAL PARTS WE DIVIDE THE CAR?
7. What can you say about Transmission? 7. What CAN YOU SAY ABOUT TRANSMISSION
4. Fill in Missing Words:
The Lower Part of the Car.
The Engine Consists of A, (cylinder block), Crankcase, (crankshaft) and Many Other Parts.
IT IS Designed According to The (Value) of the Frame.
IT is to the (right) of the Brake Pedal.
TRANSMISSION (consists of) The Gear Box, Drive Shafts and (screw screw).
5. Translate Into Russian:
- clutch Pedal
- steering Column
- brake Pedal
- control Levers.
- driver's Cabin.
- chassis and The Body
- wheels and Springs.
- cRANKSHAFT.
in Motion The Flywheel.
Section 3 "Systems in The Construction of A Automobile"
Topic "Cooling System"
1. Vocabulary.
sEAT (Zd.) - Nest
to force (zd.) - chant
hollow - Hollow
water Packet - Water Shirt
Entirely - completely, fully
AS LONG AS - while
Tubular - tubular
HONEY COMB (Zd.) - Cell
variety (Zd.) - Variety
hexagonal - hexagonal
sOCK - Drop Crane
to drain off - drop, dry
Close (Zd.) - Crystal
Side by Side - Near
majority - Most.
To Fill - fill
Bottom - bottom
Pump - pump, pump
To rise - climb
Variety - variety, view, variety
2. READ AND TRANSLATE THE TEXT.
How The Engine Is Water-Cooled?
The Majority of Engines Are Cooled by Means of Water. The Cylinder Head, The Combustion Chamber and The Valve Seats Are Surrounded by Hollow Spaces Known As Water Jackets. THEY ARE FILLED WITH WATER. These Jackets Are Connected by Pipes to the Top and To the Bottom of the Radiator. The Radiator Is Mounted AT The Front Of The Car. There Are Two Circulating Methods: Pump and Thermo-Syphon. In The Pump System, The Pump is Placed in The Bottom Water Passage. IT IS Driven by The Engine and Forces The Cooled Water Into The Jackets. It Forces The Heated Water To the Top of the Radiator Where It Is Cooled Again.
In The Thermo-Syphon System of Water Cooling There Is No Pump. The System IS Based On The Fact; That Hot Water Is Lighter Than Cold Water and Has a Tendency to Rise. SO Water In The Jackets of A Thermo-Syphon Cooled Engine Gets Hot, It Rises to the Top and Enters The Radiator Through The Upper Pipe. Here IT is Cooled and Goes to the Bottom of the Radiator and From There Back to the Jackets. The Circulation IS Entirely Automatic and Continues AS Long As There Is a Difference in Temperature Between The Water inthe Radiator and That In The Jackets. There is a Variety of Designs in the Structure of the Radiators The Two Main Types Are Tubular and Honey Comb Type.
In The Tubular Type and Series of Flat Vertical Tubes Connect Two Tanks. The Honey Comb Type IS Built Up of Short Tubes Placed Horizontally. Their Ends Are Soldered Together, Making A Labyrinth of Narrow Spaces Between The Tubes. These Spaces Are Filled with Cooled Water. Tubes of Various Shapes Are Used Round, Square, Hexagonal. A Cock Is Placed at the Lowest Point of the Radiator to Drain Off Water When IT is undesery. Behind The Radiator A Fan Is Provided to Blow Cool Air On The Tubes Containing Water. IT IS Driven By A Belt From A Pulley On The Crankshaft.
3. Answer The Questions:
1. What are surrounded by Hollow Spaces Known As Water Jackets?
2. Is There Pump in the Thermo-Siphon System?
3. The Honey Comb Type IS Built Up of Short Tubes Placed Horizontally
iSN't IT?
4. Is there A Variety of Designs in the Structure of the Radiators?
5. What can you say about Connecting of these jackets?
4. Fill in Missing Words:
These _______Are Connected by Pipes to the Top and To the _______of The Radiator.
The System IS Based On The Fact; That Hot Water IS _______THAN COLD WATER AND HAS A ________TO RISE.
Here IT IS ______nd Goes to the Bottom of the ________end from There Back to the Jackets.
In The _________ A Series of Flat __________Tubes Connect Two Tanks.
The Radiator A Fan IS ________To Blow Cool Air On The Tubes Containing Water.
Bank of Words: Bottom, Behind, Jackets, Cooled, Lighter, Tendency, Radiator, Vertical, Tubular Type, Provided.
5. TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH:
- through the top tube
- radiator structure
- the engine becomes hot
- cylinder head
- narrow spaces
- temperature difference
Topic "Fuel System. Brakes.
1. Vocabulary.
to Vary - Change (Sia), change (Sia)
to Meet The Requirements - Satisfy Your Requirements
pound - Pound
operating Conditions - working conditions, operation, working conditions
Close (Zd.) - Crystal
Service Brakes - Working Brakes
Emergency BRAKE - Handbrake (Parking Brake)
Side by Side - Near
to Store - Store
to deliver - transmit, deliver
INTAKE STROKE - Suction Structure
Vapour - Par
Fuel - fuel
Requirement - Require
Tank - Buck
Importance is important
Ordinary - Normal
2. READ AND TRANSLATE THE TEXT.
Fuel System.
The Fuel System Is Designed, To Store Liquid Gasoline and To Deliver It To the Encine Cylinders On The Intake Strokes in The Form of Vapour Mixed with Air. The Fuel System Must Vary The Proportions of Air and Gasoline Vapour to Meet The Requirements of the Various Operations Conditions. The Fuel System Consists of a Tank in Which The Liquid Gasoline Is Stored, A Fuel Line, Or Tube, Through Which The Gasoline Can Be Brought from The Tank to the Engine, A Pump, Which Pulls The Gasoline Through The Fuel Line and A CarBuretor, Which Mixes The Gasoline with Air. The Carburetor Is Designed to Mix Each Pound of Gasoline WITH 9 TO 15 POUNDS OF AIR Under Various Operating Conditions.
Brakes.
IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF BRAKES. IT IS CLEAR THAT WITHOUT BRAKES THE CAR IS QUITE HELPLESS. THEY MUST BE WELL AND STRONGLY MADE. IT IS NECESSARY TO GIVE THEM CLOSE AND CAREFUL ATTENTION. THERE ARE TWO SETS OF BRAKES, ONE FOR ORDINARY SERVICE, CALLED THE SERVICE BRAKES, AND THEother for Emergency Use, Called The Emergency Brakes. Sometimes Both Are Mounted Inside The Same Drum. Sometimes One Is Outside And The Other - Inside The Service Brake Is Operated by A Pedal. The Emergency Brake Is Operated by A Lever.
3. Answer The Questions:
1. DESCRIBE THE FUEL SYSTEM.
2. What Are the Functions of the Carburetor?
3. Why The Fuel System IS Used?
4. What Are There Are Two Sets of Brakes?
5. Is the service brake operated by A Pedal or by Lever?
6. Why The Car Is Quite Helpless Wort Brakes?
4. Fill in Missing Words:
1. (Fuel system) Consists of a (tank) in Which The (Liquid) Gasoline Is Stored, A (Fuel) Line, OR Tube, Through Which The Gasoline Can Be Brought from The Tank To the (Engine).
2. The Carburetor IS (created) to Mix Each Pound of Gasoline WITH 9 TO 15 Pounds of (Air) under Various Operating Conditions.
3. IT IS (you need) to Give Them Close and Careful.
4. Sometimes Both Are Mounted (inside) The Same Drum.
5. The (parking) Brake is operated by a (lever).
6. IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO (explain) The (importance) of Brakes.
5. True or False:
- The Fuel System Is Designed, To Store Liquid Gasoline and To Deliver It To the Encine Cylinders On The Intake Strokes in The Form of Vapour Mixed with Air.
- Sometimes Both Are Mounted Outside The Same Drum.
- THEY MUST NOT BE WELL AND STRONGLY MADE.
- The Carburetor IS Designed to Mix Each Pound of Gasoline WITH 9 TO 20 POUNDS OF AIR.
- IT IS NECESSARY TO EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF BRAKES.
- The Fuel System Consists of a Tank in Which The Liquid Gasoline is Stored, A Fuel Line, Or Tube, A Pump and a Carburetor.
Topic "Drivihg System"
1. Vocabulary.
dRIVING SYSTEM - Power Transfer
aT HIS WILL - at will
cone Clutches - Cone Clutch
disc Clutches - Disk Clutch
former- first (from listed)
coil Spring - Spiral Spring
multiple Disc - multi-disc
single Plate - one-piece
a number of - row, several
driving - Master
driven - slave
to Mesh - Coupling
spline - longitudinal groove
surface - Surface
coil - coil
spring - Spring
outer - external
to Revolve - rotate
to attach - attached
fixed - immobile
to Continue - continue
2. READ AND TRANSLATE THE TEXT.
Drivihg System
When the Motor - Car Has to Be Sat in Motion First of All IT IS Necessary to Start The Engine. When the Engine Is Running You Start The Car. By Means of A Pedal, The Operator At Hiswill, Connects or Disconnects The Engine with the Transmission. This Device Is Called A Clutch. Clutches Are Divided Into Two Main Groups: Cone Clutches and Disc Clutches. In The Former Group Two Cone Surfaces Are Used to Convey the Drive. The Conces Are Normally PressED INTO CONTACT WITH ONE OR ANOTHER by Means of a Single Powerful Coil Spring. This Type of Clutch Is Old and IS NOW Used Only To A Limited Extent. There Exist Two Types of Disc Clutches: The Multiple Disc Type, And The Single Plate Type.
There Exist Two Types of Disc Clutches: The Multiple Disc Type And The Single Plate Type. The, Multiple Clutch Is Composed of a Number of Driving and Driven Discs. The Driving Discs Have Teeth On Their Outer Diameter. The Internal Teeth of the Flywheel, Sliding and Turning It, The Internal Teeth of The Flywheel, Sliding and Turning It. When The Flywheel Revolves These Discs Revolve with IT. The Driven Discs Have Teeth On Their Inner Diameter. THEY ARE ATTACHED TO THE CLUTICH SHAFT by Means of Splines. THEY CAN SLIDE ON THE SHAFT. They Must Rotate WHEN THE CLUTCH SHAFT REVOLVES THAT ARE SO FIXED THAT THE CLUTCH SHAFT REVOLVES. The Driving Discs Continue to Revolve with the Flywheel While The Driven Discs Rotate At The Same Speed \u200b\u200bAs The Clutch Shaft.
3. Answer The Questions:
1. INTO WHAT GROUPS ARE CLUTCH DIVIDED?
2. What is the Cone Clutch?
3. What Is the Disc Clutches?
4. Does the Flywheel Revolve These Discs?
5. Is Multiple Clutches Composed Of A Number of Driving and Driven Discs?
6. THEY MESH WITH THE INTERNAL TEETH OF THE INTERNAL TEETH OF THE FLYWHEEL, SLIDING AND TURNING IT, DON'T THEY?
4. Fill in Missing Words:
- When the Motor - ___HAS To Be Sat In Motion First of All It Is ______To Start The Engine.
- When the ________EVOLVES These ____Revolve with it.
- This Device Is Called A _________.
- They Are ________The CLUTCH SHAFT by Means of_____.
- CLUTICHES ARE ______TWO MAIN GROUPS: ____Clutches and Disc Clutches.
- . The, Multiple Clutch ______of a Number of ______and Driven Discs.
Bank of Words: Necessary, Flywheel, Divided Into, Splines, Is Composed, Driving, Attached to, Car, Discs, Cone, Clutch.
5. Translate Into Russian:
- multiple Disc Type
- two Main Groups.
- by Means of Splines
- outer Diameter.
- these Discs Revolve.
- start The Car
- aT HIS WILL
- the Single Plate Type.
Technical translation:
Engine
The engine is a source of energy that causes the wheels to move and move the car. It is also referred tod. vigiators of internal combustion, because the gas burns inside cylinders or combustion chambers.
This combustion or combustion occurs at a high speed called "explosion". Thus, high pressure is created, which makes the shaft turn or rotate.
This rotary motion is transmitted to the wheels of the car and the car
moves. Most automotive engines have 4 or 6 cylinders, although 8, 12 and 16 cylinder are used.d Vigteli.
Steam D. vigiators were the first invented high-speedd. vigiators. Principle of work steamd. vigatel is very simple. When water boils, it turns into steam. The higher the steam heats up, the more pressure it has. Steamd. vigator has some important parts. One of them is a steam boiler where the fire turns water into steam. Couple passes through the pipe to another important part - a steam collector with a cylinder and piston in it.
Diesel engine
Diesel D. vigator looks like gasolined. vigator, but easier. Diesel engines are usually more and able to perform a larger amount of work. Fuel for them is diesel fuel. In diesel engines, only air enters the cylinder. It does not use spark plugs. Diesel engines can be four or two-stroke.
Diesel engines, unlike gasoline, use cheaper fuel and produce more energy for each gallon of burnt fuel. In addition, they are more durable to use. In new trains and ships, diesel engines launch large generators that produce electricity. Electricity launches motors that are connected to trains and ships shifts.
Diesel engines are internal combustion engines. The fuel is sprayed and the engine does not require a special flammable device.
In four-stroke diesel engines, the air is absorbed into the cylinder during the download. This air is compressed on a return during a very high pressure. As a result of combustion, the air heats up to a high temperature.
What is an internal combustion engine?
The gasoline engine is the type of mechanism in which energy is performed inside the cylinders. The engine is activated due to the combustion of the mixture of gasoline and air.
The combustion occurs over the pistons. The removable head is attached to the cylinder block. This, including the cylinder block, creates a combustion chamber. When combustion of fuel inside the cylinders, the expansion of the gas creates the movement of the piston. This type of engine is called an internal combustion engine.
In any type of internal combustion engine, the fuel portion enters the cylinder.
The internal combustion engine converts heat into mechanical energy due to the combustion of the mixture of fuel and air inside the cylinder or cylinders. The internal combustion engine consists of: 1. Cylinder (there may be several). 2. Piston, which moves up and down inside the cylinder. 3. Calented connected with a piston connecting rod. The connecting rod moves the piston up or down with the rotational motion of the calendar.
Electric starter.
The electric starter is on the left side of the engine. This small device is protected from dirt and moisture from the engine. The landscape of the starter shaft is located so that it hits with the flywheel gears. The starter work is required only within a few seconds. Automatically turnable gear is used to turn it off when the engine is already running.
Low speed (first). The driver turns off the manual brake and presses the clutch pedal. Then he moves the gear lever left and back. This is a low speed position. He lets clutch and at the same time slightly presses the gas pedal. Now the car is moving. It includes a second speed.
Second speed. The driver releases pressure on the gas pedal and presses again to the clutch. It moves the gear shift lever to the neutral position. Then it returns the clutch pedal to a normal position and presses the gas pedal. That's all. It reaches high speed.
How is the engine cooled with water?
Most engines are cooled with water. Cylinder head, combustion and valve chamber surrounded by water shirts. They are filled with water. These shirts are connected by tubes with top and bottom of the radiator. The radiator is located in front of the car. There are two ways to circulate: pump and thermal siphon. In the pump system, the pump is located at the bottom of the water pass. It is driven by the engine and drives cold water in the shirt. It also drives hot water into the top of the radiator, where cooling occurs.
In terms of the siphon system, water is cooled without a pump. This system is based on the fact that hot water is lighter than cold and can rise. Thus, when the water in the thermal siphon shirts is cooled, the engine is warmed up, and water rises to the top and enters the radiator through the top tube. Here it is cooled and enters the lower part of the radiator and from there back to the shirt. Circulation is fully automatic and continues as much as there is a temperature difference between water in the radiator and in shirts.
Carburetor and brakes.
The first reason for the appearance of power is the combustion of a mixture of gasoline and air in an internal combustion engine. The carburetor provides a mixture that is absorbed into the cylinder inlet valve on the suction tact. The carburetor is located on one side of the cylinder block. It is connected to the combustion chamber with the intake manifold and the inlet valve. The carburetor takes gasoline and air, sprays gasoline to the smallest particles, mixes them with air, thus creates a mixture. So, the first function of the carburetor is the conversion of liquid gasoline into the fuel that will burn. The second function is to adjust the fuel stream.
No need to explain the importance of brakes. It is clear that without brakes the car is completely helpless. They should be reliable and well made. It is necessary to pay them close attention. There are two types of brakes: ordinary (workers) and manual (parking) brakes. Sometimes they both mounted inside one drum. Sometimes one mounted outside, and the other is inside. The working brake is activated by pedals. Manual brake is activated using a lever.
Chassis and body.
We divide the car into two main parts: running part and body.
The chassis is the bottom of the car. It consists of a frame and axes, wheels and springs, a motor that transmits movements with a transmission. The engine consists of a block of cylinders, crankcase, crankshaft and many other parts.
Transmission consists of clutch, gearbox and cardan shaft. The body is the top of the car. It is created in accordance with the magnitude of the frame.
Rear axle is a simple design. It is the most important part of the transmission. Since it transmits energy to the rear wheels and connects with a cardan cardan shaft. The rear axle consists of: 1. Bridge casing carrier car. 2. Semi-axes, which leads to the movement of the wheel. 3. The crown gear with which the movement of the cardan shaft is transmitted to the right and left. 4. Differential, which allows one wheel to rotate faster than the other. From the inside of each semi-axis is the driven gear
Power transmission.
When you need to bring a car in motion, first of all you need to start the engine. With the engine running, you drive a car in motion. With the help of the pedal, the driver will optionally connect and disconnects the transmission. This device is called clutch. The clutch is divided into two main groups: conical and disk clutches. The first use two conical surfaces for power transmission. The cones are usually pressed for contact with each other with a single powerful spiral spring. This type of clutch is obsolete and is now used only to a limited degree. There are two types of disk clutches: multi-disc and one-piece.
Multidisk clutch consists of a number of slave and leading disks. Leading discs have a teeth on the outer diameter. They are connected with the inner teeth of the flywheel, sliding and turning it. When the flywheel rotates, these discs rotate with it.
Piston and piston rings functions.
The engine can have 4, 6 or more cylinders, in which the mixture is burning. Inside each cylinder is a piston. To prevent the friction between the moving part of the piston and the cylinder walls, the pistons are located freely in the cylinder and thus cannot fully hold the mixture in the combustion chamber. Each piston is equipped with spiral piston rings located in the grooves of the piston.
These rings are served to prevent the mixture from the piston on the cylinder walls. They create compression in the cylinder and prevent the mixture penetration. After applying the ring, it is necessary to remove for inspection and cleaning. They protect the piston from wear caused by rapid motion. It is easier to replace cheap piston rings than the piston.
What is the control tube apply for?
In each radiator there is a small tube, which passes from the inner filler to the base of the radiator. It is called the control tube. Its main purpose is to divert pairs when the radiator will warm up. In some cars, an indicator showing the temperature of the water in the cooling system is mounted in the toolbar.
Used Books:
Basic
1.A.V. Gnenenko. Modern car. How do we see him? English for automotive, road and machine-building specialties - Moscow, 2005
2. T.Y. Polyakova "English for engineers" - Moscow, 2004
3. Internet Internet
Additional
1. P.I. Kovalenko "English for technical universities" - Rostov-on Don, 2002
2.Pod. ed. Chernukhina A.E. English-Russian Polytechnic Dictionary - Moscow, 2000
3. Modern English - Russian Dictionary - Moscow, 2006
Application.
