You don't have to buy a tractor - you can assemble it yourself. There is an assembly option with a monolithic frame, which is easier, or with a broken one - you have to tinker with it, but the machine turns out to be maneuverable. A homemade mini-tractor of a break 4x4 is constructed entirely from elements of old cars and equipment.
The tractor got its name "breaking point" because of the frame, which consists of two parts. Before starting the assembly, you need to have a diagram with the dimensions of the nodes so that all the elements fit in size.
DIY 4x4 tractor with a fracture frame
This process can be described by a general scheme, but in practice, almost every self-taught assembler makes his own adjustments to the design.
To assemble a mini-tractor, do-it-yourself fractures usually adhere to the following requirements:
- The frame has a 3-stage spar system. For the front ones, take channels # 10. The third stage is made from a pipe with a cut of 8 by 8 cm.
- The front traverse can be made from channel # 12, for the rear one it is best to use # 16.
- The crossbeams are built according to the same system.
- The engine is selected according to suitable characteristics - size, power, type of attachment.
- The most commonly chosen 40 hp 4-cylinder diesel engine. with.
- Liquid cooling allows the equipment to work all day without overheating.
- The next step is to install the power take-off shaft, gearbox, transfer case. The parts of the old GAZ-53 truck are ideal.
To connect the motor and clutch, you will need to rework the flywheel - trimming its rear part and grinding a new span. Upgrading the casing consists of adjusting to the desired size.
The propeller shaft and rear axle will fit from any car; you do not need to change anything in it.
How to install a wheelbase with your own hands?
The main thing here is to choose the correct wheel diameter. For a mini-tractor with a breakable frame, it can also be taken from a car if the disc diameter is at least 14 inches. Wheels that are too small will get stuck in the ground, and large ones will make it difficult to control the equipment. The use of the tractor can be facilitated by installing a hydraulic system. It can be completely removed from any decommissioned agricultural machinery.
- The front axle can be easily constructed from a pipe by installing bearings on it. Another option is to take from another, unnecessary technique.
- Tires should be chosen with a deep tread pattern - this increases the maneuverability of the tractor.
- Good cushioning is provided by 18-inch tires.
The rear wheels are installed on the axle hubs in a simple way: the center of the disc with mounting holes is cut out, and the same part from the ZIL-130 is welded to this place.
How to set the steering correctly?
To assemble a mini-tractor with your own hands, any steering control taken from a passenger car is suitable. The most successful option will be the option with a hydraulic system - this will improve the controllability of the tractor.
An oil pump is also needed - it is started by the engine. The main wheels are best connected through a gearbox.
An important element of the system is a hydromechanical drum brake. It connects with a pedal rod.
After all parts of the structure are assembled, the operator's workplace is drawn up. For this, an adjustable seat is installed. You can build a canopy with your own hands by fixing it on 4 welded uprights.
To ensure safety, the engine and all internal elements are hidden under a steel casing - it is usually bent out of a sheet of galvanized steel. For work in the dark, the tractor is equipped with a headlight and a battery for it.
Many farmers are interested in how to make a fracture mini tractor with their own hands. The mini-tractor helps to efficiently and quickly plow even the most extensive areas. You can make a homemade tractor with a break frame yourself in order not to spend money on the purchase of an industrial unit.
What is a fracture mini-tractor
Outwardly, such a homemade 4x4 fracture mini-tractor is a conventional mechanism. The operation of such a machine is provided by the walk-behind tractor that underlies it.
Conventionally, a mini tractor with a break frame can be divided into 3 categories:
- Homemade - a 4x4 tractor, assembled by hand.
- The factory model is a classic for those who do not risk making a break with their own hands.
- 50/50 - a factory tractor, modified by the tractor driver to the desired result on his own.
Let's present an overview of a hand-made fracture mini-tractor. Consider yourself from the simplest elements.
How to make a fracture mini-tractor with your own hands
Homemade minitractors with a breakable frame require certain skills from their manufacturer. Building such a machine is not easy. There are quite a few options for making a homemade minitractor, however, among homemade products there is an optimal option that can be done, based on the necessary drawings, by almost everyone, even novice designers. You can find the necessary calculations and a diagram of the assembly units on the Internet.
You need to start assembling a homemade 4x4 fracture tractor by carefully studying how to design a frame. The frame consists of 2 main components:
- The spars are a three-stage prefabricated element. The front steps are assembled from channels (tenth sizes), the outer steps are constructed from a steel square pipe, the width and length of the sides of which are 80 mm.
- The traverse on the rear of the tractor is made from 16 channel bars, the front traverse is made from 12 channel bars. The cross member is made in the same way.
Tractor power plant
As for the engine for a homemade 4x4 fracture tractor, any power plant that meets the power requirements can be used. As a rule, experts recommend using a four-cylinder diesel engine equipped with a water-cooled system. Power 40 hp it is quite suitable for a tractor on which it is planned to work on small-sized personal plots. A tractor with an Oka engine is often used, sometimes with a VAZ engine. In rare cases, it is allowed to start a tractor with a Lifan engine. It is best to make a unit with an Oka engine.
See " DIY plow manufacturing and adjustment on MTZ-82
The gearbox can be used from a non-working GAZ vehicle. In order to connect the clutch basket to the motor, it is necessary to design a flywheel with an engine from scratch and make a modernized basket cover so that it can be adjusted to the required dimensions.
The bridge does not require special knowledge or skills, since it is installed on the equipment without any changes. It is attached to the frame with 2 pairs of ladders.
The propeller shaft can be taken from any car, and in order to provide the car with high-quality shock absorption, you need to install tires with a diameter of 18 inches.
The wheels are installed on the hubs simply. The central part is cut out of the disk, where the hole for installation is located. Instead of this part, the designer welds the center of the disk from the ZIL-130. The front axle can be made independently, as this does not require special skills: this bridge will not be the leading one. If you are afraid to take on such a responsible business, just take the bridge from another car.
Manufacturing of tractor wheels
Consider creating a mini-tractor wheelbase. You can install wheels removed from a car on a home-made tractor of a break, but here you will need to take into account a number of factors at once. For example, wheels mounted on the front axle should be approximately 14 inches in diameter. In the event that you choose smaller wheels, there will be a great risk of malfunctioning of the structure in the future: the tractor runs the risk of falling into the ground. However, you cannot overdo it with dimensions, otherwise the tractor driver will have to make great efforts to perform even the simplest maneuvers: the steering wheel will be very difficult to turn. However, this task can be slightly simplified if the steering column is equipped with a hydraulic booster.
Please note that the tires on the tractor must be equipped with good lugs. This will make the mini tractor, created with your own hands, more maneuverable, reduce the load on the wheelbase and simplify work on it.
See " Instructions for self-repair of the main working units of the T-40 tractor
For greater maneuverability, a do-it-yourself mini-tractor of a break can be equipped with a hydraulic power steering column. The hydraulics can be removed from any other agricultural equipment. To assemble such equipment, you will need an oil pump that will be powered by an engine. This element creates the correct pressure in the hydraulic motor.
If you want to achieve maximum ease of use, you can make an all-wheel drive fracture mini-tractor yourself. Four-wheel drive, even made with your own hands, allows you to achieve good maneuverability. Of course, all-wheel drive makes the assembly of all structural components more difficult, since you will have to make the shaft with all the quality and correct connections.
If you are going to make a tractor with four-wheel drive, it is recommended to find a video review, which will show in detail and tell you how and what to do. Remember that assembling a mini tractor will require utmost care.
A mini-tractor 4x4 fracture with their own hands is designed with the help of a variety of spare parts, most of which are borrowed from cars, but not only they will be needed during work. For example, in order to make a pivot point or a break point, you need to acquire a welding machine, drill, fasteners and tools for joining parts. The fracture node for a mini tractor requires special attention during collection and you may need to turn to professionals for at least advice.
A fracture tractor with its own hands cannot do without installing a driver's seat. As a rule, the control system, including the seat, is installed after the main part of the work with the frame with your own hands is over. This technique often uses seats taken from cars. Such an item is easy to purchase at any automotive store. Remember that the steering wheel must be at a comfortable height for the tractor driver. It should not be placed too low above the knees, but also should not be installed high: hands can quickly get tired.
Rural life presupposes the performance of a large number of works typical for this type of terrain. Nobody disputes the honor of manual labor, but the use of small-scale mechanization means, in this case, can only be welcomed. However, not all categories of citizens have the opportunity to purchase a ready-made four-wheel drive mini-tractor in a special store, because the price of even the "cheapest" model can be at least 50 thousand rubles.
Here all sorts of craftsmen appear who have adapted to make such units out of all the rubbish that they have in the garage.
What a careless owner would have thrown into a landfill, a savvy and resourceful person is able to make a completely workable device out of this that can perform basic agricultural work.
Quite popular among such craftsmen is the do-it-yourself 4x4 fracture mini-tractor, which is a rather bizarre design.
An all-wheel drive mini-tractor, made by hand, has quite good cross-country characteristics, which makes it possible to perform virtually the same front of work as shop counterparts, such as,.
The mini tractor is an indispensable agricultural technique for cultivating the land, planting seeds and harvesting. This technique is especially in demand in the village, among the owners of large household plots. The cost of factory-made mini tractors is quite high. Even new Chinese-made technology is sometimes not affordable for everyone. Therefore, more and more home craftsmen are trying to make a mini tractor on their own, using available materials.
If you decide to assemble a mini tractor with your own hands, then first of all you need to choose a power unit for it. The latter is often used ZID engine... It is a four-stroke unit with a volume of 0.52 liters. and a capacity of 4.5 l / s, which is quite suitable for processing 2-3 hectares of land. The engine is easy to maintain, so it is often installed on various home-made equipment, moreover, it is easy to buy it on the Internet.
Another option for DIY is ... This is a two-cylinder unit with a capacity of about 12 l / s and a volume of 0.42 liters. Although this type of motor has long been out of production, there are a large number of offers on the Internet for the sale of this unit. You can buy it for about 5,000 - 8,000 rubles.
Often, when making homemade tractors, craftsmen use motors from cars. For example, you can find mini tractors with an engine from the Oka.
This engine has a power of 29.3 l / s and a volume of 0.649 liters. In fact, this is a VAZ engine (VAZ 21083), only in a lightweight version, since it has 2 times less weight. A distinctive feature of the Oka engine is low gas mileage and high efficiency.
A more expensive option is engine from "Zhiguli"... The motors of the VAZ car line have an engine power of 59 l / s (VAZ 2101) and above. A tractor with a VAZ engine is a fairly powerful unit that is able to cope with almost any agricultural work.
It is easiest for owners of walk-behind tractors to make a mini-tractor for a household, since this unit already has all the necessary control units. All that remains is to make a suitable frame and the tractor is ready.
What to make a frame
The assembly of a mini tractor always begins with the manufacture of the frame. The frame of the minitractor acts as a base on which all the units and parts of this unit are fixed. The frame must be strong enough and at the same time not very heavy. It is usually made from metal angle, profile pipe or channel... Parts are connected by welding. The frame can be in one piece or in two parts.
One-piece frame the easiest way to make. It is enough to weld a rectangle from a channel or corner. The dimensions of the frame are calculated based on the dimensions of the engine, gearbox and other components.
Also, among the owners of personal plots, the 4x4 mini tractor is very popular. These are all-wheel drive mini tractors with a breaking frame... The word "all-wheel drive" means that the unit is driven by both axles, front and rear. An example of such a frame made from channel No. 10 is shown in the following photo.
Frame fracture node most often made from the cardan shaft of a car, for example, from the GAZ-52.
The main advantage of a home-made tractor with a breaking frame is the small turning radius of the unit. Due to its high maneuverability, the breakage mini-tractor is successfully used in small areas where the turning of a mini-tractor with a solid frame will be difficult.
Shown below are drawings of a frame connected by a hinge.
What to make a chassis
To assemble a mini tractor, you need to prepare its chassis. It includes wheels, front and rear axles, transmission elements.
When choosing wheels for a mini tractor the purpose of using the latter should be taken into account. If the unit is being built for the transport and pulling of loads, then a disc diameter of 16 inches will be sufficient. When using the tractor in the field, it is better to use more massive wheels with discs with a diameter of 18 to 24 inches.
If the drive axle in your tractor is only the rear axle, then the front beam is manufactured simple enough.
To make a homemade front axle, as well as its rear counterpart for all-wheel drive unit, you will need to take 2 identical undercarriage assemblies, for example, from a VAZ or Moskvich car, and shorten them. How to shorten the bridge from the VAZ car, you can learn from this video.
Important! Axles must have the same gearboxes, with the same gear ratio. Otherwise, the front and rear wheels will rotate at different speeds when the tractor is moving.
Since the bridges already have a built-in mechanism for transmitting rotational motion to the wheel axle, it is not required to make a homemade gearbox.
Advantages of installing hydraulics
The hydraulics are installed on the mini-tractor in order to ensure the operation of some of its mechanisms and to facilitate the control of this unit. The unit with installed hydraulics has its own advantages.
- The machine becomes easy to operate. The steering wheel can be turned, with almost no effort, with one hand.
- Hydraulics makes it possible to use various attachments.
- The use of hydraulics allows you to upgrade the braking system. Thanks to the hydraulic cylinders installed on the unit, the unit is braked instantly.
You can make hydraulics on a mini tractor if you purchase a ready-made system in a store in advance or use parts from old agricultural equipment.
Important! When installing hydraulics on a mini tractor, it should be borne in mind that some of the engine power will be spent on servicing this unit. Therefore, for tractors with low power engines, installing hydraulics will not do any good.
What is PTO for?
The power take-off shaft (PTO) is designed to drive various agricultural mechanisms connected to a mini-tractor, for example, various milling cutters for cultivating the land, potato diggers, mowers, snow plows, etc.
PTO can be like dependent as well as independent... In the first case, the shaft is driven by a transmission that transmits rotary motion to the wheels. As soon as the wheels stop, the PTO stops rotating. The independent PTO is rotated from the engine crankshaft. Therefore, the higher the engine speed, the faster the shaft rotates.
In addition, there are tractors with Synchronous PTO... The speed of rotation of the synchronous shaft directly depends on the gear ratio of the transmission of the moving tractor. Synchronization of movement and rotation is required when operating the machine with seeding equipment.
Making a three-point hitch
The hinge is used for connecting additional equipment to the tractor for example a plow.
The hitch must be movable both in the horizontal plane and in the vertical... In the first case, mobility helps to reduce the stick out when steering. Vertical suspension movement is required to lower the equipment into working condition or raise it to the transport position.
A hitch for a mini tractor is made from various parts taken from old agricultural machinery. It is rather difficult to describe how to make a three-point hitch at home. Therefore, it would be more correct to use the following video, which indicates the dimensions of all parts of the device.
Selection and installation of brakes and clutch
The brakes must be installed on the rear wheelset. The easiest way is to take ready-made blocks from a UAZ car... The brake pads must be installed on the wheel discs, and the control should be brought to the pedal or lever installed inside the cab.
To install the clutch on a homemade mini tractor, you can also use a ready-made option from any car. For example one can use belt clutch from Moskvich or UAZ.
The clutch block is attached to a gearbox, also taken from a vehicle. How to install the clutch can be seen in this video.
Steering installation
It is quite difficult to make a steering mechanism on your own, and in principle it makes no sense, since all the parts can be taken from any car.
When installing the steering mechanism, the steering shaft with the gear is connected to the steering bipods, which are located on the steering knuckles mounted on the front beam (the manufacture of the beam was considered above).
How to make a cabin for a mini tractor
If in the summer period it is possible to work on a mini-tractor without a cab, then with the onset of the autumn-winter period, the use of the unit becomes rather uncomfortable or even impossible. Therefore, craftsmen try to assemble tractors with cabins in order to use this technique all year round.
The cabin for homemade equipment is made sheet steel according to a previously prepared drawing. As a basis for calculations, you can take the cab from the MTZ tractor. The next photo shows a drawing, based on which you can make a cabin yourself.
Advice! If the dimensions of the cab, available in the drawing, do not fit the dimensions of your mini tractor, then they must be changed. But the main thing to consider when adjusting the dimensions is the size of the windshield and the height of the cab. Its ceiling should be 25 cm higher than the head of the person sitting in the cockpit.
The cabin is manufactured as follows.
In general, in order to better understand how a mini-tractor is made with your own hands, you can watch this video, a kind of tutorial for beginners.
The nuances of making a caterpillar tractor
Homemade tracked mini tractors are a technique, the main feature of which is high maneuverability and good maneuverability... Also, a tractor on tracks creates minimal pressure on the soil, which cannot be said about its wheeled counterpart.
To make a caterpillar mini-tractor, you will need the following structural elements.
- Frame. It is made from a profile pipe or channel.
- Engine. For a tracked mini tractor, it is better to use a diesel engine.
- Main bridge. As with the manufacture of a wheeled tractor, a ready-made axle from an old car can also be used for a tracked unit, which should be shortened.
- Transmission. The ideal option would be a box from a GAZ-53.
- Clutch. A clutch block from a GAZ-52 will do.
- Caterpillars. They are made of tires from wheels of large-sized equipment, for example, from a tractor.
For the manufacture of caterpillars you need to take 2 tires from the tractor and cut off the side parts on them. These tires are then fitted onto the wheels mounted on the frame, as shown in the following photo.
So that the tractor can turn, a differential must be installed on the rear axle, which will disconnect the right or left wheel from the drive. Also, each wheel must be equipped with a separate brake. When you press the brake pedal and shift the differential, one wheel of the drive axle stops, and the opposite one continues to rotate. As a result, the tractor turns in the desired direction.
