Any assembled engine internal combustion, regardless of whether it is assembled at the factory, in a car service or in your own garage, a certain period of time must pass in the mode of gentle operation. The plant recommends not to load the engine during the first 500-1000 kilometers, considering this mileage sufficient for running-in. Full engine running-in occurs after a run of about 3-5 thousand kilometers.
Running-in is also necessary after almost any opening of the engine, when any of its components were replaced. This can be a conventional piston replacement, without replacing pistons, which is often practiced for rebuilding in cylinders. power plant... V in this case mating parts such as new rings and cylinder walls must rub in.
Liners and support half rings can also be replaced separately. crankshaft, intermediate shaft bushings and more, everything that is done with an average engine repair.
Similar requirements apply to the repair of the block head, when the camshafts, guide bushings and valve seats and the valves themselves, pushers, springs, rockers, etc. are replaced.
What is meant by the term - running in?
Break-in is an important period of engine commissioning, on which its reliability and durability depend.
The term "running-in" means that it is necessary to enable all rubbing pairs of the power plant in the initial period to work with a minimum load in conditions where they will work for the entire further period of operation.
When the engine is first started, under the action of friction, the pairs begin to rub against each other, taking on their finished shape, the changes of which will only slightly occur as natural wear and tear.
How is the break-in process going?
First opening hours assembled motor most important for its further operation. At this time, the process of grinding the piston rings begins, both to the piston grooves and to the cylinder mirror.
This is especially important when grinding rings and cylinder walls. The fact is that a special mesh is applied to the cylinder mirror, the so-called hon, which is necessary in order to motor oil remained on the cylinder wall for as long as possible.
In the photo: pistons in the cylinder
On the piston rings, respectively, micro-cuts from the hone are also obtained, since they begin to contact the mesh, sliding along the cylinder body.
For the crankshaft, its connecting rod and main journals are "foreign" to the installed liners until they are lapped together.
The same can be said about the parts of the block head, where they begin to contact camshafts and their liners, valves in guide bushings and seats, expansion joints in their seats and with the body of rockers, springs to plates of crackers.
General rules for running in
The engine before riding, when driving uphill, engage a lower gear, hold speed mode no more than 90-100 km / h, excluding aggressive driving style.
During the break-in period do not raise the speed above 3000 rpm and not more than 2500 rpm for diesel engines(from engine type from 1200 to 2500 rpm).
If possible, avoid traffic jams during rush hours, using the morning and evening time for running in, or run in outside the city in highway mode.
For the first 500 kilometers of run, it is recommended to drive evenly so as not to put stress on the power unit and transmission. So on the first 50 kilometers, you need to move at a speed of 40-50 km / h in 3rd gear. Then move at a speed of up to 70 km / h, switch to 4th gear, passing the next 100-150 km.
After every new 100 km of run, you can increase the speed by 10 km / h by moving in 4th gear.
On the second 500 km of running, it is advisable to go in the track mode using an increased 5 or 6th gear, raising the motor to 3000 rpm, including a reduced one on long ascents.
Also avoid running the motor for a long time. Idling, since in this mode there is no stable pressure in the oil line and friction pairs can "starve", which is not permissible until they get used to each other.
Engine break-in of a new car
It is believed that the motors of the new cars have already been bench tested in the factory and do not require any restrictions. However, as mentioned above, full cycle run-in ends after a run of 3-5 thousand kilometers.
On the factory engine, metal microparticles also appear from mutual friction against each other, when the parts have just begun to rub against each other.
Filling with fresh engine oil
If the engine oil is not replaced after the specified break-in periods, then metal microparticles will get into the working part of the liners, under the piston rings, into the oil pump elements, and other friction pairs, which will significantly reduce their service life.
Engine after "capital"
Especially carefully it is necessary to run in the engine after repair in non-factory conditions, since even a large car service does not have all the capacities and necessary conditions for the full restoration of engines, as in a factory.
So after boring and honing the cylinder block liners, part of the emulsion remains in its channels, which is fed by the machine to the cutter to cool it and microchips from the block processing, and all this will "come out" after the engine is started.
Photo: cylinder block honing
It is considered necessary to rinse the cylinder block after boring in a hot bath with a special solution in order to remove traces of microchips from the cylinder mirror and in open channels. In car services, this procedure is almost never performed.
On such motors, the oil can be drained and replaced. oil filter after the first hundreds of kilometers, to get rid of traces of wear after boring and lapping from all friction pairs.
Cold break-in
If it is possible to use running water, the motor after overhaul can be run in cold. To do this, the coolant drain plug is unscrewed from the cylinder block, the water hose is inserted into the radiator or expansion tank... The engine starts. Water will constantly circulate in the block cooling system at a constant temperature, preventing the block and piston parts from heating up.
Taking into account the water consumption, it is possible to run the engine on a cold one within 1.5-2 hours.
A few more words
Do not test the engine of a new car for its maximum until it has passed the minimum grinding period, as this can lead to an increase, knocking of the crankshaft liners and in the cylinder-piston group.
Since the running-in process is not visually visible or audible, some simply ignore this period, considering it insignificant. However, even when replacing brake pads, their efficiency will not be 100% until they rub against the plane of the brake disc, that is, they pass the same run-in period.
Therefore, do not force the engine for at least the first 1000 kilometers, and it will answer you for this with a period of long and reliable operation.
An article about running in a car engine - the subtleties and features of the process. At the end of the article - interesting video about running-in the engine of the car
The content of the article:
Do I need to run-in the engine, or is it a relic of the past? Most of the drivers do not have a clear answer to this question, but they continue to drive in the car “just in case”; the old habit and the desire to play it safe are affected. But the younger generation of motorists is increasingly asking the question of whether it is really necessary to run in the engine, because automakers have been convincing consumers of the opposite for more than one year.
What is running-in
In fact, running-in is the operation of the car in a gentle mode - at low speed, limited number of revolutions, without sudden braking, etc. In the process of running in, the parts are rubbed against each other, the existing irregularities, errors, and inconsistencies are smoothed out. With a harsh aggressive driving style, unsuitable parts are harmed, the system is more likely to wear out, the risk of breakdown increases, and the engine and other parts of the car are disrupted. And of course, its service life is reduced.
The answer, it would seem, is clear - running in a new car is necessary. But modern technologies allow assembling, according to the automakers, a perfectly fitted engine without the slightest inaccuracies and flaws. And there is no need to run it in - the machine is completely ready for use as soon as it comes off the assembly line. But is it?
Of course, a modern foreign car is not a Soviet-made Moskvich. But products that are ideal in all respects do not exist, especially when it comes to complex mechanisms. The latest technologies are capable of much, but the laws of physics have not been canceled: a huge number of details interact, making up a single mechanism, and in any case they need to get used to each other. No matter how ideally piston rings and cylinders are made, their work will reach full harmony only after a certain period of time.
You should not discount the errors (or even defects) in the process of assembling and manufacturing parts. Even the most sophisticated equipment malfunctions and the most thorough inspection can miss something.
Another important detail is the service life. Modern cars, especially foreign ones, are not intended "for centuries." The average European or American car owner regularly replaces an outdated and worn car model with a new one. And for several years, the engine will serve in the best possible way, no matter how loaded it is.
But how many domestic car owners with an average income will be able to change their car regularly? Only attention and respect will help keep the car in excellent condition for many years.
And the last thing. Despite all the assurances of the manufacturers about the senselessness of running-in, the documents for the car almost always indicate that the car should not be loaded at first. Even auto concerns, despite the assurances of many of them in their infallibility, prefer to play it safe.
For example, the BMW company in the documents for its products indicates that for the first thousand or two kilometers the car should work in a sparing mode. This opinion is shared by Alfa Romeo, Dodge and other manufacturers. But BMW can hardly be accused of using outdated technology or poor-quality assembly. Then the reason is still in the need for grinding in parts.
In any case, before deciding whether or not to run in the engine of a new car, you should carefully study the operating instructions attached to a particular car. And if the manufacturer advises a sparing mode at the beginning of the operational period, it is foolish to ignore this recommendation.
Features of engine break-in
Before starting to operate the car, you should definitely read the instructions and first of all pay attention to the manufacturer's requirements (or lack thereof) for the break-in period. Each model has its own characteristics and no one knows them better than the developer, for example, the required mileage in a gentle mode or the number of revolutions. But one way or another, the basis is the same everywhere.
Things to consider when rolling in an internal combustion engine (internal combustion engine)
- Avoid long-term work idling. Such "execution" is equated by specialists with increased loads.
- Observe the speed limit. Usually, the speed of a car when running in the first 1000 - 3000 km should not exceed 90 km / h.
- The average permissible speed range during running-in is from 2000 to 5000. The exact data are indicated in the documents for the machine.
- Avoid sudden starts and braking. Lapping brake system in tandem with the motor is also important.
- Do not carry loads during the break-in period. Both on the car itself and in the trailer. The towing of other vehicles is all the more unacceptable. Some people recommend that at first not even sit down passengers.
- Vary your speed. Prolonged driving in one high-speed mode will not allow the elements of the propulsion system to get used to the full. It is best to smoothly change the speed mode throughout the entire process, without going beyond its limitations.
- Try to avoid engine braking. This, like idling, corresponds to the load level of operation in severe conditions.
- Run on a good asphalt road and preferably out of town. Idle at traffic lights and the need to constantly jerk the car around turns, intersections and pedestrian crossings- not the best way running in the engine. The same can be said about country roads, gravel roads, etc. Having fallen into the mud, you will definitely not be able to “spare” the car.
- Constantly check the oil level and the rest technical fluids... Before picking up the car from the salon, find out from the seller what kind of oil is used in the car and buy 2-3 liters of the same in reserve. If ICE system suddenly it will be left without oil and you will not notice it in time, then the result will be an expensive repair.
The same applies to other liquids. It is desirable that the car has a liter of distilled water, antifreeze, transmission oil, etc. - In addition to the oil level, check the vehicle for leaks. During stops, you should carefully inspect the car.
- Pay attention to the operation of the motor. It is worth listening for extraneous knocks and noises.
- Warm up the engine gradually until it reaches operating temperature. You should start with low revs, the main thing is that the oil enters the mechanism under sufficient pressure.
- After the mileage reaches 1000-1500 km, it is recommended to change the engine oil and oil filter. In the process of grinding, the parts are ground and all irregularities and deviations are driven away in the form of a kind of shavings, which are washed off with oil and deposited on the filter. To avoid trouble due to contaminated oil mixture and clogged filters, they must be changed in time.
- After the break-in is complete, it is worth doing zero maintenance to make sure everything is in order with the machine. Or identify problems at an early stage.
Engine running-in after major overhaul
The installation of new parts disrupts the natural operation of the system to the point that the engine power is sometimes halved. To restore the original function, the machine must be run-in so that the new parts "come into contact" with the old ones.
The minimum run-in mileage varies from 2 to 4 thousand kilometers. During this period, the main inaccuracies and misalignments are smoothed out, although for complete confidence, you should use the machine carefully for some time and do not overload the engine.
In the process of running-in, uneven parts, traces of machining with a cutter, protrusions and burrs are removed. Unlike a new car, where all the elements of the mechanism are initially adjusted to each other, a car after repair has two sets of parts - old ones that have their own characteristics, and new, standard ones. And we will have to work to ensure that they find a common language and begin to function harmoniously.
If the opinion of some car owners that new car there is no need to run in, it may be justified, then in relation to the cars that have undergone repair, it is definitely wrong.
Features of engine running-in after repair
- When running in, use the engine oil recommended by the manufacturer.
- Prepare your car before going out onto the road - replace fuel filter, flush and purge the intercooler, adjust the operation fuel pump and injectors, bleed air from the fuel supply system.
- Check oil pressure at idle speed. It should be between 0.5 and 1 atmosphere.
- Before starting the engine, make sure the battery is fully charged and the starter is working properly.
- Check oil consumption during active break-in. The permissible indicator is 1 liter per 2000-3000 km.
- It is not recommended to pre-wet the oil filter in order to speed up the process of grease entering the system. This can impair the performance of the motor, as an air blockage forms. It is recommended to supply oil through the hole located near the pressure sensor using a pump.
- When starting the engine, observe the readings of the oil pressure sensor. If there is no pressure in the first seconds of operation, stop the engine and check the oil level in the system again.
- Unlike new cars, repaired cars are first run in idle... After the engine has been idle for some time, it must be turned off and wait until the temperature drops to 30-40 degrees. Then start again. Repeat the procedure at least 15 times.
- After that, the car can be taken out onto the track. The speed of movement should not exceed 70 km / h for the first 3-4 thousand kilometers, then you can slowly increase to 90-100 km / h. The main part of the preparation ends here, but it is advisable not to overload the engine for the next 10-12 thousand kilometers.
Conclusion on engine running-in
Not so long ago, motorists had to spend a huge amount of time and kilometers on the process of running in an engine. Modern machines do not need such serious preparation, but it is still not worth completely discounting it. And if you are not going to get rid of your car in a couple of years, it is necessary to run the engine in. Whatever updates and the latest technology We were not offered by carmakers, the ideal technology does not exist yet.
Do I need to run in the engine after repair? If you ask a similar question, you can hear in response a variety of opinions ... Some "experts" argue that modern motors running-in is not needed: "Everything is done there with such precision that there is nothing to break-in." Another minder will say that it is possible to run the engine in high quality only on a special stand, under instrument control. Which one is right?
We will try to clarify this issue based on practical considerations.
Firstly, running-in after repair is required!
Despite the advances in technology, even if all dimensions are accurately maintained and the highest possible surface quality is obtained, running-in of engine parts is inevitable. After starting the engine, there is a "leveling" of roughness on the surfaces of the parts, which takes some time. In addition, no matter how diligently, with the highest possible cleanliness, the motor was not assembled after repair - it is impossible to remove all dirt from the surfaces of the parts. And they are finally removed just during the running-in.
Secondly, bench run-in is the best solution.
However, motor brake testers are rare and are mainly used for testing engines. However, even renting such equipment greatly increases the cost of repairs.
Therefore, the most common practice is to install a repaired engine on a car and run it in on the move. And here the most common mistake is to start the engine after repair and leave it idling for a long time. It turns out that the car stands still, and the freshly assembled engine runs for hours ...
Can you do this?
It is forbidden! A short idle operation of the engine, after repair, is needed only for initial check and adjustment. It is unacceptable to "run" the motor for hours in this way, as damage to the engine is inevitable. Why? Because, at idle speed, the crankshaft bearings, and other friction pairs, are poorly supplied with oil, since the oil pump does not work "at full strength."
The fact is that oil, among other things, also removes heat from the parts, that is, it cools them.
So it turns out that the supply of oil to the friction pairs is insufficient, and precisely at the moment when, due to running-in, the parts are heated more than usual. In addition, when the oil pressure is low, the oil channels are poorly washed. And the dirt left after the repair - metal dust and other wear products - is not washed out of them, but remains in the lubrication system and then "penetrates" into the surface of parts, especially made of light alloys. In addition, the motor does not cool properly due to the fact that it is not blown by the oncoming air flow.
As many years of experience show, in the first 6 hours of engine operation, the wear of the running-in parts is very high! Then, from 7 to 10 operating hours, the wear processes slow down. And after 15 hours of engine operation, wear processes enter their "normal" framework. Therefore, it is necessary to run the engine in motion very carefully.
- for the first 600 km (10 hours), drive, if possible, with minimal load and at medium engine speeds - from 1/4 to 2/3 of the gas pedal position (but, at the same time, avoid low speeds - pull-in driving);
- after 600 km of run and up to 1000 km, it is already possible to calmly “twist” the engine in the second or third gears, for 2-3 seconds, until the rpm is about 1000 less than the nominal one. The engine does not need to "twist until it rings" when running in. Because on high revs, the inertial forces in the crank mechanism are higher than the gas ones. In particular, therefore, the piston rings, at the top and bottom dead centers, are displaced more than usual, thereby increasing wear;
- on a run of more than 1000 km, you can already go on the highway, gradually increasing both the speed and the load on the engine, until the engine begins to easily respond to the gas pedal. But even here it is worth keeping the speed 20-30 km / h lower than the maximum, and even better - 40-50 km / h less than the "maximum".
Do not forget about the constant check of the oil level in the engine during the break-in - due to the increased consumption.
It is imperative to check the oil level and top up, if necessary, after the first 50-100 km of run. And then check the level regularly over the next 500 ... 1000 km of run. During this time, all dirt and wear debris accumulated in the engine during break-in will eventually end up in the oil and oil filter. Therefore, after 1000… 1200 km of run, it is imperative to change both the engine oil and the oil filter.
One more note: both for running-in and for subsequent operation, it is worth using the same grade of oil.
The idea of using cheaper oil for break-in is bad, there is no benefit from it. Short-term savings can result in subsequent serious expenses.
We hope that these simple rules will help you achieve long and reliable operation of the repaired engine.
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Most car owners are aware of how the engine is run-in after a major overhaul or the purchase of a new vehicle is a necessity to make the engine more responsive and economical. Operating in a "sparing mode" (ie, without heavy loads) increases the engine life by about 15-20%. At the same time, the output of the machine to the indicators declared by the manufacturer is guaranteed. Correct running-in of the engine after overhaul ensures the restoration of one hundred percent performance of components and assemblies.
What is engine running-in after overhaul
This is the process of running-in mates of engine parts. During running-in after an overhaul of the engine, newly installed elements are exposed to serious heating. New parts do not have a perfect surface: most often it is presented in the form of micro-depressions, bumps and other irregularities. The purpose of operating the machine in a "sparing" mode - gradual smoothing problem areas, which is possible only with reduced loads on the power unit. If you do not perform proper break-in after an engine overhaul, the following problems may arise:
- increased fuel consumption;
- penetration lubricant into the air cleaner;
- poor dynamics of auto acceleration.
The first start of the motor after the "capital"
This is a very crucial moment. Before turning the ignition key, you need to make sure that all systems and modules provide support for the remanufactured engine at the first stage of running-in. Before you start the engine for the first time after overhaul, you must:
- fully charge the battery;
- check in advance (before installation);
- pour oil of the required volume: this must be done slowly and carefully in order to prevent the formation air congestion;
- v carburetor engine pump up gasoline,;
- if starting at a negative temperature, warm up the oil and the engine itself.
When everything is ready, start the power unit and immediately pay attention to the oil pressure reading (if there is such a device). It should appear 3-4 seconds after the start of work and be 3.5-4 kgf / sq. see. If not, stop the engine immediately to find out the reasons. At normal pressure, warm up the power plant to an operating temperature of 85-95 degrees while rotating the crankshaft at a frequency of 750-850 rpm. (it is not recommended to increase the speed by more than 60% of the nominal value). Along the way, inspect the engine from all sides for oil and coolant leaks.
The appearance of a small and short-term smoke under the hood should not cause concern: there is a process of combustion of oil that accidentally got inside during the assembly of the unit. When the radiator fan turns on, turn off the motor and let it cool down to 30-40 degrees. Then start again and repeat this 15-20 times. Only then can you start running in after the overhaul.
How much to run in the engine and how to do it
The first 1000 km are considered the most important. During this period, it is not recommended to move at a speed over 60 km / h: it is better not to turn on the fifth speed at all. During the initial run-in, bluish smoke may appear from the muffler pipe: you should not panic: this is natural, since new piston rings are worn in. Unstable idling is also not a cause for concern. The adjustment should be done after 500-1000 km of run. How long does it take to run the engine in total? After the car has passed 2.5-3 thousand km, maximum speed increase to 85-90 km / h, gradually increasing the load. The motor can be considered finally run in after 8-10 thousand km run.
In order not to get new problems during engine break-in after a major overhaul, do not do the following:
- start a trip without preheating the engine to operating temperature;
- raise the number of revolutions of the crankshaft to 2000;
- fully load the car (with luggage and passengers);
- sharply increase the speed (for example, "pull" from traffic lights);
- for a long time to drive in one mode: it is recommended to alternate lower and higher gears.
Power unit break-in methods
In addition to running in natural conditions, there are several more ways to carry out this procedure, each of which should be considered separately:
After cold break-in of any type, the following results should be expected:
- stable work engine idling (maximum - 700 rpm);
- no "dip" at hard pressing on the gas pedal;
- working temperature does not rise to a critical level.
Oil selection and replacement intervals
It is worth considering in more detail the issue of replacing the lubricant consumable after overhaul of the power plant. First, this must be done after 500 km. Then after 1000 and the last time after 2000 km of run. Use a quality engine oil recommended by the manufacturer. After the specified kilometers have been covered, drain the used compound and flush the engine. Observe the viscosity of the oil when running in:
- summer 15W40;
- winter 5W30;
- in the middle season: 10
After the "capital", when vehicle will pass its first 350 km and will need it, it is recommended:
- put a new oil filter;
- inspect and, if necessary, tighten the timing belt or chain.
Features of running in a diesel engine
There are no fundamental differences from the same procedure with gasoline unit... There are only some nuances. First of all, this is the duration of the run-in: in the end, it should be at least 10-12 thousand kilometers. Only after overcoming such a distance can a diesel engine be operated with maximum loads... Another important point when running in diesel engine after overhaul - shutdown of the engine after stopping. This cannot be done right away: you need to let the diesel engine run for several tens of seconds - this requirement is especially important for turbocharged engines. As for the oil change, this must be done every 500 km. After the first half thousand km, replace the lubrication system filter, adjust the timing (including belt or chain drive), tighten the cylinder head mounting bolts. When running in a car, do not use synthetics - it can be poured only after the final grinding of the parts - after 3 thousand km. For summer break-in use oil M-10G2K (15W-30), in winter - M-10DM or M-8G2. It is worth noting that for a diesel engine, the best running-in option is to use bench equipment in a service station, where the process goes to "cold". In this case, the running-in duration is at least 3 hours.
Use lubricants with low viscosity: this will improve the quality of grinding parts. Sometimes in stores you can find a special, so-called. "Break-in" oil, which contains special additives that accelerate the break-in process.
A new or overhauled engine cannot be used to its fullest right away. Needed cold run-in engine so that the parts rub against each other. How does it happen, how long does it take, and how far must the car travel before it can be accelerated at maximum revs?
What is running-in for?
Running-in is recommended for any mechanisms in which there are moving parts experiencing mutual friction. This helps them gradually, without unnecessary stress, to take the ideal position, to take the correct shape.
All cars undergo the very first engine run-in at the factory. Dealers of many modern models declare that car owners do not need to do chipping and additional checks. The procedure is performed by specialists, and the buyer receives a car completely ready for any driving conditions.
However, if you look at the instructions for some of the prestigious German cars, you can find in them recommendations for observing the driving regime for the first 1.5-2 thousand km. But this is nothing more than a running-in.
The very first stage of lapping in the factory is called engine break-in. And the last stage is called engine run-in.
It is not only the engine of a new car that has recently rolled off the assembly line that requires running-in. After any intervention in the engine device, it must first be run in.
This requirement is easy to explain. All parts have microscopic irregularities. In the process of friction at high temperatures, these irregularities are erased, the smallest particles of metal get into the oil, negatively affect the operation of the motor. Compression and oil rings are in contact with the cylinder wall. There is a high load on them, and after running in, they rub against the surface, take a more streamlined shape.
By running in a gentle mode, you allow the parts to bounce back, reducing the load on car engine... After the procedure, the run-in motor will last as long as it was laid down by the engineers, and the car owner will be able to use its full potential.
Run-in at the stand
Cold run-in at the stand is carried out in a professional auto repair shop after an overhaul of the engine. It means that parts of the engine are moving while the engine does not start itself. The procedure is suitable for gasoline and diesel units.
- The engine is placed on a special run-in stand.
- The crankshaft is connected to an external electric motor.
- Fill in oil and coolant.
- An electric motor is started to rotate the crankshaft.
The rotation speed of the electric motor can be changed, which allows you to start running in at low speed. The process is controlled by a computer program. Sensors are connected to the main nodes, which transmit data to a computer. In accordance with the indicators, the speed of the electric motor is reduced or increased.
The control helps to maintain the optimum temperature of the engine, does not allow it to overheat. Therefore, the run-in was named "cold".
Towing
Break-in of a new car, as well as a car after repair, can be done by towing. Hitching to the towing vehicle must be rigid and carried out in third gear. Unscrew the candles from the machine being rolled in and turn off the gears. Towing takes about an hour. During this time, forces are transmitted through the wheels to other parts of the car, which leads to their gradual lapping.
Experienced drivers say that after a major overhaul, the engine must burn the fuel tank at idle speed. Towing is not an ideal break-in option because it is difficult to control how hot the engine is.
Hot run-in
Instead of cold, hot running is sometimes used. The car is parked with the engine running and running continuously. Hot running-in is also used at the stand, when the motor is removed, connected to the stand and allowed to run for 3 minutes. After that, it should cool down. This is repeated 3-4 times, after which it is turned on for 40 minutes.
The surface of the engine to be run in should not heat more than 80 ° C. Cooling down of the engine is the main requirement of the procedure. As a result of overheating, parts can deform, which, instead of running in parts, will lead to the failure of the entire system.
Cautious driving
In order not to bother with towing and not to spend money on running a new engine at the stand, you can choose the most common option. It consists in careful driving, during which the parts are rubbed in in a natural way. There are several rules for such a run-in.
- The car drives the first 50 km at a speed of 40-50 km / h evenly without jerks in 3rd gear.
- The next 200 km can be driven at 60 km / h in 4th gear.
- After that, every 100 km the speed increases by 10 km / h until it reaches 90 km / h.
- The next 500 km you can shift to 5th gear (just not uphill) and move at a speed of 100-120 km / h,
- The procedure lasts until the car has driven 1000-2000 km.
- Wheel slip, heavy baggage are not allowed, gear changes must be timely.
Since it is problematic to comply with all conditions in the city, the running-in is carried out on a suburban highway. They leave, for example, early in the morning, when there are still no traffic jams in the city. Avoid sudden acceleration and braking, driving at high speeds. The permissible number of revolutions is indicated in the instructions for any car brand. The first 500 km are considered the most important. When going uphill, downshift and decelerate so as not to strain the engine.
| Broadcast | Recommended speed when running in the first 500 km, revolutions about 2000 rpm | Recommended speed when running in 500-1000 km, revolutions up to 3000 rpm | Recommended speed when running in 1000-1500 km, revolutions up to 3500 rpm | Recommended speed during running-in 1500-2000 km, revolutions up to 4200 rpm |
| 1 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 |
| 2 | 40 | 45 | 55 | 60 |
| 3 | 60 | 70 | 75 | 90 |
| 4 | 80–90 | 95 | 110 | 125 |
| 5 | - | 110–120 | 130–140 | 155–160 |
Be sure to run in the car in which any engine repairs were carried out. 2000 km is considered the minimum mileage for grinding parts. Often, the running-in is continued up to 5-10 thousand kilometers with a gradual increase in speed.
There is an opinion that the new motor can be run in at the same speed. However, this practice should be abandoned. In this case, narrowly directed grinding of parts occurs. When you change the mode, the details will start to rub in differently. Their additional wear will occur, which is not the best way to affect the service life of the engine.
During the running-in process, metal microparticles enter the oil and clog the filter. Therefore, after 1-2 thousand km of run, it must be changed.
If the dealer has poured his oil before selling, then the car is first run in on it, and then they are replaced. Flooded quality brand recommended by the manufacturer.
There is a slight difference in running-in cars with automatic and mechanical box gear. The automatic gearbox must be warmed up before starting, the kickdown must not be touched and must not be allowed to fail in motion. neutral gear... Otherwise, there are no differences.
Why engine
Why does the engine require running-in? Parts of the chassis and steering do not require lapping, because they begin to wear out during the first kilometers of driving. The components of the transmission are adjusted to each other even during test runs of the car, and it is recommended to change gears smoothly regardless of the mileage.
Brake pads rub in quickly. The only thing is that it is recommended to gently brake at the first kilometers of the run.
The heart of the car remains - its engine, in which the pistons, parts of the crankshaft and connecting rod move. The movement takes place under pressure and at high speeds. The inner walls of cylinders, compression rings, bearings and other parts constantly experience friction and heat up.
Significant heating can be not only at high speeds. This happens when the car is driving uphill in 5th or 4th gear at a relatively low speed with a strong gas supply. .
The quality of car parts is getting better every year. This applies to prestigious brands and low-cost models. The situation is explained by the fact that technologies, precision engineering are improving. The use of computer-aided design, laser processing, modern materials makes the final product more perfect, more demanding on the quality of fuel and oil. However, this does not cancel the run-in.
Precaution never hurts, as experienced drivers believe. Buying a new car, which you have dreamed of for a long time, giving a significant amount of money for it, you try to treat it with care. For this, running-in is needed, in order to extend the service life, to prevent premature breakdown of the most important part of the car - the engine.
